Informational Presentation on the Request to Expand the

Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument

May 2016

NWHI Fisheries Management contd.

2005 {Sept.)- Gov. Linda Lingle approves regulations banning fishing in state waters in NWHI

2006 {June)- President Bush established the NWHI monument {later renamed as Papahanaumokuakea MNM)

closed bottomfish fishery within 5 years prohibited all other commercial and recreational fishing {sustenance fishing allowed) Prohibited subsistence fishing; Permits required for Native Hawaiian traditional activities but not allowed to bring fish and other resources home to family and communities

3

Overlay of Potential Expansion Footprint on the US Mainland

-~---._..__

LJ Current Monument LJ Potential Expansion Footprint 0 US EEZ

1_!0 ---~--__,.,..,

Potential Monument Expansion= 20% of the area of the Continental US 5

Key Reasons Opposing the Expansion •!• Lack of scientific and conservation justification

low threats; existing comprehensive management regulations and enforcement; no biomass spillover to main Hawaiian Islands; and no climate change buffer or added resiliency

•!• Negative socio-economic impacts to Hawaii fisheries, seafood markets, seafood consumers

•!• Marine Monuments have only been established in US Pacific Islands Region 28% of US EEZ in the region is no-take while no other region has closed 1% of their US waters

0% 5% 100..6 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

Pacific Islands

West Coast S 0.22%

outheast+Gulf 0.07%

West Coast N 0.03%

Northeast 0.00%

Alaska 0.00%

28.08%

Keepinu·seafood Sugtainablel I I We Are Leading the Way 199.1 First limited entry pel a;1 i G fisher y

1991 First p~l a;Jic fishery requiring daily l·ogbooks

1994 Fifst}isher y requiring· ~toessel tra:::king using s·atelflte. technology·

2004 Rrst;Pa:::ifio fish_er,y wth.B fJeet limit on sea tur tJ e'·i rit er apti oris

7

17D"W

Higlwjensiy biological cononunily ti5Cl0111!ft!d clJring OkeiiOOS Explorer ROV elM! n 2015. flghl9rt video av~~ililhle:

0

3000

I Shallow-set Longline --7 ~ ~

since the 1980s: Destructive Fishing Gears within

200 nm

Bottom trawl

Not drawn to scale

Albatrosses • Laysan and black-footed albatross populations are stable or . .

1ncreas1ng

- Laysan-"'1 million breeding pairs; Black-footed breeding pairs="'68,000

• Extensive range beyond NWHI and US EEZ encompassing most of the North Pacific (Japan to Canada/Mexico)

• Most effective seabird conservation is fisheries mitigation and requiring Hawaii longline mitigation measures on foreign fleets

·~· 100" l'fO" 110' ·1-:'0' ·1Ul' -~ · \41)' ·1M" · 120'

B lJ • A:-••• dep<oyment Breeding snes • Tr':lcJ::IJd

Wake Atoll

. , . .. ·~ -

35,000

30,000

25,000

"' t: Gl c; 20,000

0 ~ ~ 15,000 :I z

10,000

5,000

0

28,S81 17,491

25.5 10

24.08S 2!,817 2..4.320 23,963 23;722

21,829

20.393

- .

22 .525

2Ul0

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Hatch Year Is-)' 110' 110'" 'W .f:a· · 1&0' · l50" · MO"

Satellite-tracking data of non-breeding black-footed albatross. Source: Arata et al. 2009.

Annual number of black-footed albatross nests (bottom) at Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge (2004-2015). Source: US Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Region. 13

Hu1mpback W"h:ales Humpback Whales Wintering in Hawaii, 1976-2006

12,000

10,000 ~ ~

E ~000 ~ ~ w ~ ~000 ~ ~

l~ ~

2,000

0 + ---

10,375 .

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

•· Hawaii populati:on reco.vered and proposed for [SA delisting

• Federal protection will. continu·e unde.r MMPA

• Rarely (<1/yr) i1nteracts wi.th H ll longli:ne fishery

False Ki·ller Whales 26. •

25°•

::J

3 23°

22.

• PcTag2<1 o PcT.g25

~ /,

-- -- ---! i i I \ \

21° \ 168° 166° 164° 162° 160°

Longitude (W)

Source: Baird eta/. 2013

• NW·HI po·p:ulation1 within existing monument b.oundary··

• No observed i1nteractions of N·W·'HI-FKW·s irn HI:LL

• FKW .. rmitigation measu.res implemented in Hawai:i l ~ongline fishery 15

Tunas and other pelagics • Highly migratory species managed

domestically and internationally

• HMS stocks range hundreds to thousands of miles

• Larval and adult biomass spill-over is not relevant as larval drift is demonstrated to move from the southeast to northwest

•

170E 180 170W 150W 130W 110W 90W

The MHI will not receive any /{subsidy" from the NWH I 2

'5 30-yr size trend for 18 species of tuna and tuna-like

species, billfish, sharks in the Hawaii~£1me fishery

... 2 .c

• Skipjack= above MSY biomass -~ cv • Yellowfin= above MSY biomass 3: 1.5

""C

• Albacore = above MSY biomass cv N

• Bigeye = at MSY biomass ro 1 E

Swordfish= above MSY biomass lo.. • 0 z 0.5

Size of fish are stable/fishing not impacting spawning success 0 +---~---.---,,---,---,----.---.----.---.----.---.----.---.----.-

1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011.72013 201

u~ --~a:: ow z~ au: U­w-

Q~ ue::c OJ: V)o wi­=::V) ~t ~~ z~ -

2014 Hawaii Food Crops (million $, farmgate or dockside)

Commercial Wi'ld Fish Land~ings 11 110.0 I 80-90%

Cattle 64.9 24%

Coffee 62.6 NA

Sugarcane 54.3 <5% -

Macadamia Nuts 35.7 I NA

Algae 33.0 0%

Bananas 11.8 100%

Papayas 11.3 50%

Milk 10.1 100%

Lettuce 7.6 100%

Taro 1.9 I 100% 1'1

Port of Honolulu (2014)

Source: NOAA 2015. Fisheries of the United States in 2014. Draft Pelagic Fisheries 2015 Annual Report, WPRFMC and WPacFIN

32nd in the US in landed fish volume {29 million lbs)

7th in the US in landed fish value ($110 million)

"We do more with less"

23

Potential Impact to Hawaii Small-scale Fisheries

• The proposed expansion could subsume important fishing grounds to the people of Kauai (Middle Bank, NOAA weather buoy, Niihau)

• These areas produce about 1 million pounds of tunas, billfish, bottomfish, small pelagics and reef fish worth between $3 million and $5 million annually

• Middle Bank is an important bottomfish fishing area, producing high quality fresh bottomfish for the Hawaii seafood market worth $80,000- $160,000 annually - Approximately 10% of the MHI bottomfish total annual

landed value from Middle Bank

25

Impacts to Consumers, Markets, State • $10 million annually in landed value of fish from US EEZ around

the NWHI; $30 million annually in Hawaii's retail markets

• Fresh, iced, local fish replaced by frozen, gas-treated imports

• Poorer quality fish due to longer trips

• Hawaii fisheries support thousands of direct and indirect jobs: vessel captains, crew, fish auction buyers, seafood wholesalers, ice and bait suppliers, vessel repair services, fork lift drivers, delivery drivers, fish cutters, chefs, and food servers

27

Foreign Longline Vessels Compete with Hawaii Longline Vessels

Taiwan = 1337 Japan = 361 China= 353 Korea= 113

L'l1l 1 ,J li!Q lf.l 111:1 1:.0 '-"! m t:J1 •.rt11 oo ltrJ 1:n 1+.• Jj El 1:1. Yl ' - - - ,

L.t"U.Xm~I'Ptlln' . . ri J j ~ r ~ _..._ --~ ,..,..~ . I ttl • " ' • !IJ • • • I U"''~ ~ .

I ' LiP» IJ --· -1.- - -1-- ·-1- 1- .. ---- "- "t" --~ ..a9-~ ill,f • ,., ' • • II li ill • • •• ~~~ ~ . 0

m Dll U ....~~ t . - ~ 1. ... .,iJ' fi'J 1 • :rr... Ia , • .., "' • " ••• · ~· • '" . 1r>. . ~ t I I

~ -; n ... • •• • ... • • • . .Jij. .II!. • II . • I ;mr..,, c· . '\~ • . --:-- - r ' .......,i r-- _ ., "' 1

·r ~ "' e { · -.., ~ Ll ~ •U ll~ii tJ L.;..., .we"'tl ·. I~) .... ~ • il I "" if -- • " - - • I""~ l .... ~'i ..

1::::!.. ) . ~ , ii , •• - • I ~ I I I -~ """- L ~ -~ Kl ':.... r ~ .iQ ,., • • , • • • 1 • -...;~

H I ~-~lr' ~- i: I I of ·~ '" • '\!• . ... of· ljj; ... ~ _j_ II !,~/!;t' -.....,,'\! ~ 1~ ... . "' • ·t • 11 111. e •. 1111 • 1 1--r-~ ~ :r"'~~ ... - 1;r4~"' ~N ~ ,. , • • ~. II ~ l•_ ~l ·~ .I ~- . I rt.

I • ..... ;:r..~_l!jJ • • '" ... II., . , , . , •• ·~·· I I\ - • Lt ..., ~ \ I ':; I m •• • 111111 I· - 11 rllllo Iii •AJ '' • " I + ......,

~ \

. ... . il ~,f, ,a; • ·• • .. .. . .r . ,_ !'":"' n f-a;; • - •- f- "- _.. - • • ~ .&. -,

IJ , J!1i. "' ., 11 ' t1o ,. ., t" • "' ot + • ~ 1

~ .1 I • ~ _J J i J · "' • •· • • • .!. ,. • _ ... J . I I ) ~~--..--~ ., - n- ---~ r-p---.-. . . . ~

rr•t·F~ I -- - ,--!; s IM I Jol l:w:J I !I> I«> I~ ~ ii'C r: lllil L1"J lfll l!il I «J IIi ~:m t Ill ta:• til Ec: i.1

Map Showing Taiwan Longline Fishing Effort-2014

J.l v :OS

»

:1,1

-- +3

29

z 0 -en z <( D.. >< w <( w ~ <(

c w c z :::l LL z :::l

;z 0 0 (')

;z 0

~

;z 0 0

0 0

r/J 0 0

Large, Regulated Commercial Fishing Areas

of the U.S. EEZ, Western Pacific

Region

140°E

140°E

150°E

150°E

Marine National Monuments and Sanctuaries

Bottomfish Restrictions Pelagic Restrictions

• ~

Existing Marine National Monuments/Sanctuaries

Closed to all commercial fi shing

160°E 170°E

Wakc Mand

• ~ l.:_]

~

Bottomllsh/Groundfish fishing prohibited

Vessels 2: 40 ft (opening pending)

Vessels 2: 50 ft

180° 170°W

• ~ ~

160°W

Palmyra Atoll

Pacific Remote I s_l a n d s A r e a

......

' ''-., ·~ . ...... , ..... ...

160°E

"' -, \.·,

~

170°E 180° 170°\V

American S~moa

160°W

Longline fishing prohibited

Vessel 2: 50 fl

Long! inc Deep-Set Closure Trigger: 2 fa lse killer whale serious injury or morta lity dctenninations within the Hawai i EEZ, for the calendar year

150°W 140°\V

150°W

Foreign EEZ

~ HighSeas

140°\V

;z 0 0 (')

;z 0 0 N

;z 0 0

~

r/J 0 0

33

New United Nations Convention Forming and Focused on High Seas MPAs

~iWt-~\tJ ·;~ THE PEW cHAR I TABLE TRusTs ~411'<'-"

The Pew Charitable Trusts I Research & Analysis I Marine Protected Areas Beyond

National Jurisdiction

ISSUE BRIEF

Marine Protected Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction March 15,2016 I Protecting Ocean life on the High Seas

SHARE "# 11 8+ in l'j Q

~

WORLD OCEANS

71 % 64% 45% of Earth is covered of the ocean is of t he Eart h's by ocean co nsidered the surface is covered

high seas I by t he high seas intern at iona l waters

~Juri sd i ct i on a l '

- Hi gh seas

~urG•: Nar'•onal Gc·ogr.1pl• k 11 rrp :/lt h.:ot~ rr .tmarpro ·,('<.

35

Erosion of Hawaiian Rights • The State shall protect all rights customarily and traditionally exercised for

subsistence, cultural, and religious purposes for Native Hawaiians (Article XII, Sec 7 of the State Constitution

• Ceded lands (submerged lands) are to be held in trust for Native Hawaiians and the general public (Article 12, Section 4 of State Constitution)

• Existing monument (O- 50 miles) prohibits free access to traditional fisheries and gathering resources by requiring federal permits.

• Native Hawaiian traditional fishing has been precluded as bringing fish and other resources back to their families and communities is prohibited

• Monument Expansion: Would further prohibit Hawaiian traditional and cultural access and practices Would expand Federal control over Hawaii's resources and cultural heritage

37