infotips mangrove friendly

8/6/2019 Infotips Mangrove Friendly

1/20

arming

Mangrove-riendly

Southeast

Asian

Fisheries

Development

Center

Association

o Southeast

Asian

Nations

InoTps

on


2/20

In the 80s, shrimp arming was lucrative

business until it slumped in the 90s due to

the outbreak o diseases brought about by

intensied production. Moreover, the rapidexpansion o shpond development is said

to be the main cause o the destruction

o the regions mangrove orests. Shrimp

pond euents, emptied directly into the

surrounding coastal waters, contributed to

the deterioration o the environment that

eventually afected sheries and aquaculture

itsel.

Realizing the importance o the shrimp

industrys contribution to the economy o

Southeast Asian countries, SEAFDEC through

the ASEAN-SEAFDEC Fisheries Consultative

Group mechanism implemented the

Mangrove-Friendly Shrimp Culture Project

in 2000 with unding rom the Fisheries

Agency o the Government o Japan. This

project aimed to develop sustainable culture

technology packages on shrimp arming

that are riendly to mangroves and the

environment. The activities included research,

verication, demonstration, and training

involving six member countries. Improved

culture techniques were documented and

have been developed into technology

packages or dissemination to interested

stakeholders in the region.

The ollowing InoTips were gleaned rom

the results o the various activities o the

Mangrove-Friendly Shimp Culture Project.

Long-arm Paddlewheel

Filter Box

Tail Reservoir

Head Reservoir

Corner Sludge Collector

Substrates


3/20

Magrovs caacit to absorb trits

Rgat th cttig magrs r aqactr! Magrs ad aqactr ca xist with ach thr.

I act, aqactr ca d i magr aras. Magrs shwd highr grwth rats i th rsc

aqactr ts tha ths with adjact aqactr actiitis. Magrs ca as rmsigicat s itrg ad sid wasts rm shrim d ts.

What to o

Magrs r Aqactr? Wh t th?

Maitai magrs at a stimatd 1.41.6 ha

t rcss wasts rm hctar itsi

r smiitsi shrim d. Ths stimats

cr th wast assimiati cti ad ar

thrr miimm s. D t s atiitics

ad thr chmica r igica its that ma

harm t magr rgaisms.

Hd shrim d ts r 6h r mr i th

magr wtad t rdc s itrg

ad sid wasts r discharg it th crk

Harst magrs artia (as rachs

Avicennia, Sonneratia ad thr

Rhizophoraceae) r as th wh tr (r

Rhizophorea, Ceriops ad thr Rhizophoraceae)

with ratig th attr. Fr ds that

rdr a watrwa (crk, rir r shr), th

magr tratmt ara ca as sr as th

20m t 50m grt rqird aw.

Waste water rom shrimp arms observing good management practices have no negative

eect on natural mangrove areas.

pHoTo by RIA-I, vIeTnAM


4/20

Sorcs:

primara, JH. 2004. Caacit magrs t rcss shrim d

ts. I: prmti MagrFrid Shrim Aqactr i

Sthast Asia, SeAFDeC Aqactr Dartmt, Frar 2004.

Sagrgrag, C. 2004. eaati sawatr irrigati r itsi

mari shrim armig. I: prmti MagrFrid ShrimAqactr i Sthast Asia, SeAFDeC Aqactr Dartmt,

Frar 2004.

Brugeria

gymnorrhiza

has th highst

cic

watr

tratmt

pHoToS by JoHn AlTAMARIno

Avicennia alba

has th highst

cic

th tratmt

high trit

wast


5/20

Ccta istrati irmtrid shrim arm sig th itgratd hsica ad igica

tchg as t tratmt sstm with tratd watr rcircatd thrgh th rsrir.

Th Maa bst Maagmt practics i Shrim Farmig dd th Dartmt Fishris

Thaiad atrs dirt gd maagmt ractics. Sm mr tis ar d th wig ags.

Goo maagmt ractics

Gd maagmt ractics

SouRCe:DoFTHAIlAnD


6/20

Th viromt

ri shrim arm

Th o aratio

sstm a circatio

sstm i rai caa

Sedimentation pond

drain canal

reservoir

shrimp pond

euent treatment pond

paddlewheel

aeration

line o air bubbles rom

bottom air diusion

airlit pump in drain

canal

water movement direction

to the entrance o watertreatment system

seaweed pond fsh and bivalve

pond

buoy or hanging

bivalve and seaweeds

overow connectionpipeline

airlit circulation

Rrc: Sgsagjida, p. 2004. Itgratd hsica ad igica tchgis r watr rccig i shrim ds. I: prmti

MagrFrid Shrim Aqactr i Sthast Asia, SeAFDeC Aqactr Dartmt. Frar 2004.


7/20

usig igica

tratmts ca rdc

mis actria s

rm 7.5 x 102c/m i

th watr ad 1.0 x 101

c/g i th sdimts,

t zr. Tta n ad p

cctratis i th

ctr watr ca as

dcras rm 33% t9%.

Sim igica tratmts t rdcmis actria

Goo maagmt ractic: Sim bioogica tratmts

How o o o it?

What ar ths bioogica tratmts?

at strs i am atrm right at th

mth shrim t discharg is

stck 15 c sh ad 15 c strs/m2 t ca

ad maitai gd d watrsi qait r

shrim stckd at 30/m2.

A mor tis?

Itgrat aga, sh ad sttig d r a

cti igica rcss r th tratmt shrim arm ts.

Rish d watr st arati

scia drig smmr mths at ast c a

mth.

Drig wt sass, drai xcss raiwatr t

aid sdd dr watr saiit t as w as10 t.

Sorc: Gz, ns. 2003. ntrit Ccs: ntrit Damics i Ctr pds. I: prmti MagrFrid Shrim

Aqactr i Sthast Asia, SeAFDeC Aqactr Dartmt, Frar 2004.

SawdsTiaia

ostrs


8/20


9/20

Itgratig hsica ad igica tchgisi tratig ts rm shrim arms

Tratmt

o

Growot

o siz

= 0.32 ha

Th

rcircati

shrim ctr

sstm sig

itgratd

hsica ad

igica

tchg

This sstm csists a grwt

d (35 x 90 m2) ad a tratmt

d (30 x 27 m2). A third d is

rqird t sr as rsrir r

w watr drig th iitia ig

ad t cmsat sss d t

arati ad sag.

Th grwt d ad th

tratmt d ar cctd i

rdr t aw th watr t circat

rm d t th thr.

A 0.7t caacit tr x is

istad i th tratmt d. Th

tr x is rratd at th sids

ad ttm ad d with ags

ctaiig sad, shs r ics

rk cra. Th it th watr

s m is st i th midd

th ags tr mdia. Drig

th rati, th tratd watr is

md thrgh th tr tra it

th grwt d wh rig

watr is rqird. Th tratmt

d shd cit s that

sdimt rdcti ad watr

qait imrmt shd at

ast 2050% ttr tha that a

tratd d.

bigica trs ik ias imr th watr qait d ts rmig ssdd

mattr scia articat rgaic mattr. Hwr, ca ts rdcd ias accmat

ad dcms th d ttm. Sawds th thr had asr xcss trits i th watr

rdcd dcmsiti.

Goo maagmt ractic: Itgratig hsica a bioogica tchoogis

Sorc: Sgsagjida, p. 2004. Itgratd hsica ad igica tchgis r watr rccig i shrim ds. I: prmti

MagrFrid Shrim Aqactr i Sthast Asia, SeAFDeC Aqactr Dartmt, Frar 2004.


10/20


11/20

Sorc:

Sgsagjida, p. 2004. Itgratd hsica ad igica tchgis r watr rccig i shrim ds. I: prmti

MagrFrid Shrim Aqactr i Sthast Asia, SeAFDeC Aqactr Dartmt, Frar 2004.

Shrim o siz 0.3 ha

Stckig dsit 3060 id/m2

Maitai aric cditi t hac aric

dcmsiti

Gra trits trasrmati

Dissd rgaic ad irgaic trits

Ssdd rgaic mattrs

Rssdd dcmsd mattrs d t

arati

Bivav ftratio aciit

Ostr, mss

bia trati wi rm

th ssdd mattrs rm

th ts that accmati th sstm

Saws tratmt aciit

Sawds asr th rmaiig

dissd trits t a miimm

Sm articat mattr ca as

stt i this it

Bioogica Fitratio Faciit Trickig ftr

bactria asrs ad trasrms th xcss

trits rm th tfwig watr th

ia trati aciit

pastic matria r shig t cd

sd t icras th xd sstrat r th

itrati actria

Simtatio

tak

et

circati

t th

ia

trati

aciit

Watr qait atr sawds

tratmt is imrd ad is

sita r rcircati t th

shrim ctr d

otfw ks ca

t is rich i dissd

trits

Watr atr

assig th

trickig aciit

wi ha

dcrasd

dissd

rgaic trits

ctts. Sm

rms irgaic

trits cd

icrasd

Fca t

shd rmd rm

th ia

trati aciit

scti r

sih

Cocta

istratio o

trickig ftr

sig bivavs

a saws

Hw th ca w trat watr cti?

Goo maagmt ractic: Trickig ftr

Itgrat trickig tr with igica tr. Trickig tr wh itgratd with a igica tr has th

adatag t rm rgaic wasts ad dissd trits i th watr.


12/20


13/20

Goo maagmt ractic: Sawatr irrigatio sstm

This sstm has trid i Kg

Kraa ba i Thaiad t is t

t trid i thr aras i th

rgi.

Whats this sstm or?

Th sawatr irrigati sstm

aims t ca shrim d

ts ad rid qait watr

r shrim ctr. This sstm as

srs as a rst caa r rarig

watr rasd rm th shrim

ds, drgig watr

tratmt r ig rthr

rasd it th a.

How is this o?

SeAWATeR COnduIT

Th aciit has six rws high

rssr high dsit th

(HDpe) cdits, ach haig

a diamtr 1.0 m, ad rid

dr th sa at a distac at

350 m shr. Ths cdits

dir sawatr t th mig

stati shr.

WATeR puMpInG STATIOn

This is a rircd ccrt

strctr sd t m sawatr

rm th drgrd strag

Miimizig stacs i shrim armig Th sawatr irrigati sstm

catd at 11.50 m d. This stati ca str

watr t 4650 m3

ad ca ctis draiwatr sig ight 200Hp ms, ach haig a

draiag caacit 1.25 m3 watr/sc. Watr

fws i thrgh tw 1.0m diamtr HpDe cdits,

it a stckig d which ca hd watr t

3000 m3.

WATeR InleT CAnAl

Rig a distac at 8820 m, th watr

it caa dirs sawatr t th shrim ctr

aras. This ccrt caa strs sawatr rm th

stckig d, r th watr is a rasd

it th shrim ds grait.


14/20

SuB-dISTRIBuTORy CAnAl (R ROuTe)

5 m wid ad arximat 580 m g, th s

distritr caa is sd t rci ad distrit

sawatr t armrs i th wr aras.

SeCOndARy CAnAlS

Saratd rm th mai caa, scdar caas

ar cssar r dirig watr t shrim ds

sic th shrim ctr ara is rathr arg.

Wastwatr sstm

A wastwatr sstm is dd t trat dischargd

watr. This csists :

Th sdgd whr ssdd sids stt

s that car watr fws it th watr tratmtcaa

Th watr tratmt caas ar smtd

with hsica ad igica tratmt sstms,

with a arati sstm csistig 24 its 5Hp

mchaica aratrs ag th caas. ostrs

ar hg i th tratmt caas t hac th

cic th wastwatr tratmt r

assig th watr t th sdimtati caas.

Sdimtati caas cmris s ca

caas, whr th sids th caas a ag

th magr rst aras. Th caas rcidischargd watr rm th tratmt caas.

Sorcs:

Sagrgrag Chai. 2004. vricati ad rmt itsi shrim ctr tchiqs i Thaiad; eaati SIS r itsi

mari armig. I: prmti MagrFrid Shrim Aqactr i Sthast Asia, SeAFDeC Aqactr Dartmt, Frar

2004.

ekmaharaj (Tkwias), Siri. 2002. Sawatr Irrigati Sstm r Itsi Shrim Farmig i Thaiad. SeAFDeC Asia Aqactr, Ja

March 2002.

SIS ensures good water quality or shrimp arming

and responsible release o pond efuents.

The efuents rom shrimp ponds using SIS do not

have adverse eect on the receiving waters and the

mangroves in the bay.


15/20

Goo maagmt ractic: Stockig sit

irm sizd shrims harstd with aragsria rat 95%.

I th w discharg sstm, a sma amt

watr is dischargd rm th grwt d ad

rasd t th sa atr assig thrgh th

sttig d. Watr is md c, rm th

had rsrir t th grwt d.

I th rcircatig sstm, ts rm th

grwt d ar rsd atr assig thrgh

th tratmt d. Watr is rcircatd

mig twic, rst rm th had rsrir t thgrwt d, ad scd rm th tratmt

d t th grwt d.

Th w discharg ad rcircatig shrim ctrtchgis that ha rid i th dirt

sits dr dirt cimatic cditis ar caa

achiig high rdctiit ad rtr

istmt (RoI).

Whats th ia stockig sit?

Th arag t rt/hctar was rcrdd t

highst with stckig dsitis ard 25 c/m2.

Th t rit/hctar r 25 c/m2 was p1.8 M

whi r 15 c/m2 was p1.1 M. I 40 c/m2

stckig dsit, th arag was p0.6 M/hawhras i 5 c/m2, it was p0. 57 M/ha. Th high

t rit was attritd t th high qait ad

bttr RoI? Tr this

Sorc: baia, Da D. 2003. vricati ad rmt shrim ctr tchiqs: phiiis. I: prmti MagrFrid

Shrim Aqactr i Sthast Asia, SeAFDeC Aqactr Dartmt, Frar 2004.

po aot o a owischarg/rcircatig shrim arm i AQds dmagas

Brackishwatr Statio. B arrows iicat owischarg sstm.R arrows iicat cosrcircatio sstm.


16/20


17/20

Cost a bfts o magrovri shrim armig ractics

Environment-riendly

Practices

Cost to Farmer Benefts to Farmer Benefts to Environment

1. Lowering o stocking

density

Decrease in harvest volume by around

20-30%

Increased harvest value by 8-10% due to

bigger size and improved physical quality

Improved eed conversion

Reduced risk o opportunistic diseases

Reduced eed use (hence

nutrient load) by at least

20%

2. Improvement o pond

bottom management

Increase in plowing/tilling cost by

P5,000-7,000/ha/yr

Cost o P12,000/ha or construction o

net cages (to be depreciated in 2 years)

and P5,000/ha/yr or tilapia ngerlings

(note: cost is recovered rom sale o

sh)

Improved bacterial prole o sediment

and reduced count o pathogenic Vibrio,

resulting to healthier shrimps and

reduced risk o opportunistic diseases

Improved efuent quality,

with lower levels o

nutrients (i.e. N and P) and

suspended solids

3. Crop rotation Cost o P25,000-35,000/ha/yr or shculture inputs (e.g. ry, eeds, etc.) and

labor (note: cost is recovered rom sale

o sh)

Loss o 1 shrimp crop per year

Improved bacterial prole o sedimentand reduced count o pathogenic Vibrio,

resulting to healthier shrimps and

reduced risk o opportunistic diseases

Signicantly reduced risk o white spot

syndrome virus (WSSV) disease as virus

tends to be active only during cold

months

Reduced organic load inreceiving waters during

period o low density

sh culture allowing

accumulated organic waste

in sediment to break down

4. Improvement in eed

quality

Increase in commercial eed cost by

P3-4/kg and additional cost o around

P2/kg eed or arm level nutritional

supplements; equivalent to a P30,000-

60,000/ha/crop increase in eed cost

Improved growth, health, and physical

quality o stocks

Reduced eed use by 10-15% based on

improved FCR; partly due also to the

enhancement o natural ood productivity(i.e. rom heterotrophic ood web)

resulting rom use o probiotics and the

increase in aeration


with lower levels o


suspended solids

Cst ad ts irmtridshrim armig

Dischargs rm shrim ds sig irmtrid armig ractics d t act th qait thrciig watrs r magr wtads, hc rqirs cst. Th arag aa istmt i ti

maagmt th shrim armig idstr cstitts a sigicat rtiard 9% th aa

rdcti cst ad 34% irmta ts that th irmtrid shrim armig

ractics wd grat.

Th rtit cst t tiizig irmtrid shrim armig ractics is stimatd at

php740,000/ha i ti damag t th shris ad php44,000 t hma hath. Ths, irmt

rid shrim armig ractics grat t cmic ts r th cm as a wh ad th

phiii scit r th icras th cmic a magr haitats i srtig shris.

This std was cdctd i th phiiis ad as ma dirt i thr ctris. Mak r

w assssmt th wig cst ad ts irmtrid shrim armig:

Cost a bfts o viromtri shrim armig


18/20

Environment-riendly

Practices

Cost to Farmer Benefts to Farmer Benefts to Environment

5. Stocking o laboratory-

screened ry

Higher ry cost, rom P0.12-0.16/pc to

P0.25-0.30/pc, resulting to a higher

seed expense o around P40,000/ha/

cropAdditional ry analysis expenses o

P2,000/ha/crop prior to stocking

Prolonged waiting time in ry selection,

resulting to delays in stocking o up to

3 weeks

Reduced risk o WSSV disease and

pathogenic Vibrio inection

Improved growth perormance and

survival o stocks

Minimized risk o spreading

diseases to receiving waters

6. Use o greenwater

technology

Reduction in shrimp grow-out area by

25-50% due to requirement or bigger

reservoir

Cost o P25,000-35,000/ha/yr in

reservoir pond or sh culture inputs

(e.g. ry, eeds, etc.) and labor (note:

cost is recovered rom sale o sh)

Modication o water supply channel

and addition o transer pump at a cost

o P5,000-10,000/ha (to be depreciated

in 3 years)

More stable water quality which reduces

stress to cultured animals

Suppressed growth o pathogenic

bacteria, particularly Vibrio harveyiisp.,

minimizing risk o disease and premature

harvest

Reduced water use and

efuent volume

Reduced load o pathogenic

Vibrio in efuent water

7. Use o probiotics in water

and eed

Total cost o P20,000-40,000/ha/crop,

depending on type o probiotics and

dosage

Production o healthy antibiotic-ree

shrimp

Suppressed growth o pathogenic

bacteria, particularly Vibrio harveyiisp.,

minimizing risk o disease and premature

harvest

Improved water quality and lower sludgeaccumulation, reducing stress and risk o

opportunistic diseases

Reduced need or water exchange (i.e.

lower pumping cost)

Reduced risk o developing

more virulent antibiotic-

resistant strains o bacteria


with lower levels o


suspended solidsReduced load o pathogenic

Vibrio in efuent water

8. Increase in aeration Additional xed cost or aerators and

electrical distribution/generation

system amounting to P150,000-

200,000/ha (to be depreciated in 3

years)

Increase in power consumption by

50-60%

Faster growth, improved eed conversion,

better physical quality, and reduced risk

o opportunistic diseases

Reduced need or water exchange (i.e.

lower pumping cost)

More stable plankton (i.e. less plankton

crash) and hence lesser water exchange

Increased DO level in

efuent (rom 4 ppm to 5

ppm) and reduced level

o noxious metabolites,

especially ammonia and

hydrogen sulde

Reduced water exchange

and efuent volume

9. Use o settling pond Additional cost o around P2,500-

5,000/ha/yr or construction and

maintenance o net bafes and

bamboo support, and removal o

accumulated waste

Improved water quality in receiving

waters

Lower load o suspended

solids in efuent water

Reduced accumulation o

sediment in receiving waters

10.Employment o

biosecurity measures

Additional cost o P15,000-20,000/ha/yr

or pond sanitation, carrier exclusion

devices, lters, and worker hygiene

Signicantly reduced risk o introducing

viral diseases, particularly WSSV

Reduced water usage and

efuent volume by 60-70%

Minimized risk o spreading

diseases in receiving waters

Rrc: SamtTa, G. ad p. Crz. 2006. ecmic aati irmtrid shrim armig i magr aras (a std

dd th MagrFrid Shrim Ctr prjct).


19/20

The Mangrove-Friendly Shrimp Culture Project was made possible

through the nancial and technical support o the:

Fisheries Agency o the Government of Japan

ASEAN-SEAFDEC Fisheries Consultative Group

SEAFDEC Secretariat, and

Department of Fisheries o the Government of Thailand

as the Projects Lead Country or the ASEAN


20/20

The ASEAN-SEAFDEC Fisheries Consultative Group (FCG) was organized by

ASEAN and SEAFDEC In March 1999 to (a) Identiy important regional and

international sheries issues; (2) provide technical assistance and inputs toASEAN or the ormulation and implementation o common policies; (3) as-

sist the Member Countries in ormulating common stand and positions on

regional and international shery issues; and (4) develop and implement

collaborative programs. The FCG comprises the Chairman and representa-

tives o the ASEAN Working Group o Fisheries (WGFi), the SEAFDEC Secre-

tary-General and his representatives, and the SEAFDEC Department Chies

with the WGFi Chairman and SEAFDEC Secretary-General as Co-Chairper-

sons.

Included in the rst our projects implemented through the FCG collab-

orative mechanism, is the Promotion o Mangrove-Friendly Aquaculture in

Southeast Asian Countries with SEAFDEC/AQD as the Lead Department orSEAFDEC and Thailand as the Lead Country or the ASEAN.

SEAFDEC Member Countries are also

Member Countries o the ASEAN except Japan

infotips mangrove friendly

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