infrastructure planning

Infrastructure Planning

Solid Waste Management- Khanna, Punjab

Integrated Semester, Master of Planning

School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi

Mahak Agrawal

Manmohan Singh

Rohit Kashyap

Saksham Gupta

Shriya Dattaram Puranik

New Delhi October 2015

Solid Waste Management in Khanna Infrastructure Planning || 2015

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Contents

LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... 2

1.0 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 3

2.0 Solid waste management system in Khanna .......................................................... 3

3.0 Solid waste management policies ........................................................................... 5

3.1 National level policies ............................................................................................. 5

3.2 State level policies .................................................................................................. 6

3.3 Local level policies .................................................................................................. 6

5.0 Current Service provisions .......................................................................................... 7

5.1 Household Waste .......................................................................................................... 7

5.2 Organic waste from Hotels and Restaurants ................................................................ 7

5.3 Industrial waste............................................................................................................ 7

5.4 Road Side Waste ......................................................................................................... 7

7.0 Pricing and cost recovery ............................................................................................ 8

In the areas where waste is collected by the municipal authority, no charges are being

paid by the owner. Whereas when the private collectors charge rupees 50-

100/household depending on the distance and frequency and the waste is dumped at

dumping sites with contribute nothing to cost recovery ................................................. 8

8.0 Issue identification ........................................................................................................ 8

References .......................................................................................................................... 9

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. 1: Division of Khanna in 3 parts by the transport corridorsError! Bookmark not

defined.

Fig. 2: Storage sites of Solid waste near and beneath National highway flyover .................. 4

Fig. 3: Dumping of Solid waste beneath NH-1 ...................................................................... 5

Fig. 4: Dumping sites within residential areas ...................................................................... 7

Fig. 5: Waste generation and dumping by informal markets in Khanna, Punjab ........... Error!

Bookmark not defined.

Fig. 6: Current sanitary conditions of residential areas of Khanna ........................................ 8


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1.0 Introduction

In the report, the urban infrastructure of solid waste management will be discussed for the city

of Khanna, Punjab. In the second section, the discussion will focus on solid waste

management policies and legislations at national, state and local levels. It would also look into

the institutional arrangement for solid waste management in Khanna and their vision, goals,

strategies for planning, service provision and management along with their roles and

responsibilities. Thence, in the fourth section, existing norms for service provision, as detailed

out in the Urban and Regional Development Plan Formulation and Implementation (URDPFI)

and Master Plan for Khanna, 2010-31; would be discussed and compared with current service

provision. From this, demand supply gaps and other major challenges in efficient and equitable

infrastructure and service provision (political/policy related, locational, institutional, financial,

social, environmental and resource related); would be identified. Finally, initiatives by

government or people of Khanna to manage solid waste coupled with recommendations for

improvement in delivery of improved infrastructure and services would be discussed.

2.0 Solid waste management system in Khanna

In this section, a brief introduction to solid waste management is given, followed by an

introduction to solid waste management system in the town of Khanna, Punjab. To begin with,

“solid waste” is defined unwanted solid fractions, generated by various sources, including

domestic units, trade centres, commercial establishments, industries, agriculture, institutions,

mining activities, etc. The type of waste generated and its characteristics are primarily guided

by the place and season of its generation (National Institute of Urban Affairs, 2015). The

Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation, the technical wing of

Ministry of Urban Development has classified solid waste in fourteen categories based on

source, origin and type of waste. These include domestic waste, municipal waste, commercial

waste, institutional waste, garbage, rubbish, ashes, bulky waste, street sweepings, dead

animals, construction and demolition waste, industrial waste, hazardous waste and sewage

waste (CPHEEO, 2000).

A solid waste management system includes a chain of activities beginning at collection and

terminating at disposal and recycle of waste. In between, segregation, transportation and

processing of waste takes place. In Khanna, the Solid waste management is a prime


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responsibility of the Municipal Council of Khanna. Within the Council, the Public Health

Department is responsible for day to day solid waste management.

Khanna city is a Class III city with its population (equal to 1,28,000 persons) lying in the range

of 1,00,000 persons- to- 5,00,000 persons. As per the NEERI report of 1995, for a city with

population 1 lakh to 5 lakh, the average per capita waste generation in grams per capita per

day is 210 gm/capita/day. Hence, the amount of waste generation for Khanna as per NEERI

norms would be 26.8 metric tonnes. But, as per the Master Plan document of Khanna prepared

Fig. 1: Storage sites of Solid waste near and beneath National highway flyover

Photos by Author (2015)

Location of

storage

Fig. 1: Dumping of Solid waste beneath NH-1



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in 2010, the solid waste generation for the city has been computed to 43 metric tonnes, with

417grams as per capita generation per day.

As illustrated in Fig. 1, the city is divided into three main parts by the National Highway and

Railway line connecting Delhi to Amritsar. While surveying the city of Khanna during

September 18, 2015 to September 30, 2015; we observed that as far as storage (even

dumping of waste to an extent) of solid waste is concerned, the National Highway- 1 serves

as the central spine. All throughout the length of the NH-1 within municipal limits of Khanna,

several small Storage spaces have been created where sanitation workers and sweepers are

dumping waste (Fig.2 and Fig. 3). However, the Solid waste management system would be

discussed in detail in subsequent sections.

3.0 Solid waste management policies

In India, various acts, rules and regulations have been framed with regards to municipal solid

waste management in cities. Some of these acts and rules are framed at National level, while

some others are framed at state level and local levels. In the following sections the major

national, state and local level solid waste management policies, applicable in the context of

Khanna have been discussed.

3.1 National level policies

At the national level, the most significant piece of legislation for solid waste management in

India is the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000. The Rules are

applicable to every urban local body in India, including Khanna municipal council which is

responsible for collection, segregation, storage, transportation, processing and disposal of

municipal waste. The rules mandate that waste should be collected in a segregated manner

Dumping of solid waste

Fig. 2: Dumping of Solid waste beneath NH-1



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as organic waste, domestic hazardous waste, recyclable waste and silt and construction and

demolition waste. It also details out the process and need for a planned transportation,

processing and disposal of waste. However, in Khanna, compliance with the MSW Rules,

2000 is yet to become a reality. The urban local body is unable to comply with the norms

because of technical, managerial and mainly financial deficiencies coupled with lack of

willingness on the part of government.

3.2 State level policies

In 2014, the Government of Punjab formulated “the Punjab Model Municipal Solid Waste

Management Plan-2014”. The Plan covers 146 Urban Local Bodies of Punjab generating

approximately 4250 tons of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) every day. The Department of Local

Government Punjab has proposed a cluster approach and formed eight clusters comprising

of 8 to 26 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in each cluster covering all the ULBs in the State. The

clusters are proposed to be developed on Public-Private- Partnership (PPP) basis and the

solid waste management will be carried out in all the urban local bodies in the state as per the

Punjab Model MSW Plan-2014.

3.3 Local level policies

At the local level, although there are no policies for solid waste management but the entire

management is being done by the public health department of Municipal Council of Khanna.

With 100% coverage on paper, the waste is collected by sweepers at household level, and

stored (and dumped in dhalaos located along NH-1).

4.0 Institutional arrangement for infrastructure/service planning,

provision and management


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5.0 Current Service provisions

5.1 Household Waste

Within Khanna two level of system is being used for the collection of waste. The system

includes that firstly the waste is collected from the point of generation known as Primary

collection i.e. from the households a person from the municipality goes door to door and

collects the waste generated and collects it. Second stage includes the collection of waste at

community level i.e the collected solid waste is then dumped at various collection points

identified by the council, and other unauthorized open places by the use of Wheel barrows

and cycle rickshaws. As already mentioned in previous sections, the city lacks a well defined

system of dhalaos, thus the waste is being dumped but are being dumped on the roads itself

or on the open vacant lands. In most of the houses people have hired a private sweeper to

collect the waste generated from their houses and is being dumped on the roadside itself.

5.2 Organic waste from Hotels and Restaurants

The waste from the hotels and restaurants is being collected and dumped on the road, and

sometimes in community bins. From bins and road side heaps the waste is collected and is

being transported to the collection site by the Safai-sewaks via cycle rickshaws or wheel

barrow. With the help of tractors and trolleys the waste from the collection site is being picked

up and is dumped on the Dumping site within Khanna. In all these process there is no

segregation of waste which takes place.

5.3 Industrial waste

Within Khanna the Waste from the Steel industries is being collected and it is being

transported via trucks to the Nimbua Greenfield Punjab Limited which is a landfill site and is

around 84 km away from Khanna.

5.4 Road Side Waste

The waste lying on the road sides is collected

by the staff employed by the Council. The

waste dumped outside the community bin

(containers) and portable bins are also

dumped inside the bin by the Safai sewaks.

The safai sewak has been given wheel

barrows to lift the waste and transport it to the

identified dump site.

Fig. 3: Dumping sites within residential areas



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Corporation has employed various safai-sevaks to sweep the roads daily and collect the solid

waste. Each safai-sevak is given approximately 1 km of road length for sweeping of municipal

roads. There are total 34 garbage collection points in the Khanna city which are maintained

by the M.C. Khanna. There are two garbage collection sites marked by M.C. Khanna for

dumping the collected garbage. Open land fill system is adopted by the M.C. for dumping the

solid waste.

Details of dumping points in different zones

Site Area(in acres) Paved (pucca) Containerized

sites

No.of containers

placed

Bhattian 3.5 - 34 34

Bhaghour 5 - - -

Source : Master Plan of Khanna 2009

6.0 Good practices by people or government

7.0 Pricing and cost recovery

In the areas where waste is collected by the municipal authority, no charges are

being paid by the owner. Whereas when the private collectors charge rupees 50-

100/household depending on the distance and frequency and the waste is dumped

at dumping sites with contribute nothing to cost recovery

8.0 Issue identification

No waste segregation done & no system of waste processing.

Although Municipal council has not made any arrangement of segregation of

solid waste but waste pickers segregate the plastic, glass and other material

Fig. 4: Current sanitary conditions of

residential areas of Khanna



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at the collection point and sell them to Kabaris which also becomes an

earning source for them.

No door to door collection in certain wards.

At some places people dump there solid waste in surrounding vacant

plots.

No dustbins in parks

References

CPHEEO (2000) Manual on Solid waste management, New Delhi: Ministry of Urban

Development

National Institute of Urban Affairs. (2015). Urban Solid Waste Management in India . New

Delhi: UMC Pvt Ltd.

NEERI (1995). ‘Strategy Paper on SWM in India’, National Environmental Engineering

Research Institute, Nagpur.

infrastructure planning

Documents

household waste

solid waste management

organic waste

waste generation

industrial waste

solid waste management

storage sites of solid

khanna infrastructure