infsci1073/telcom 2727 application development for mobile
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Infsci1073/Telcom 2727 Application Infsci1073/Telcom 2727 Application Development for Mobile DevicesDevelopment for Mobile Devices
David TipperAssociate ProfessorAssociate Professor
Telecommunications ProgramUniversity of [email protected]@mail.sis.pitt.edu
http://www.sis.pitt.edu/~dtipper/2727.htmlSlides 1Slides 1
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Course Outline Course Outline • Introduction (Ch1, 2)
– Mobile application issues
• Wireless Networks (Ch 3 and Slides)– Cellular Networks (2G, 2.5G, 3G) , WLANs, WPANs
• Location Based Systems/Services (Ch 17)• Mobile Application Architectures/Platforms and Protocols (Ch4-6,11
and posted articles)– WAP, Mobile IP, Wireless Internet, Proxies, Content Adaptation, etc.
• Smart Client Development (Ch 7-10) : – J2ME, – .NET CF C#, – Server side technology– Games
• Thin Client Development (Ch 12-15)– WAP, WML, cHTML, XHTML-MP, Voice-XML
• Case Studies
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Text and Grading
• Text: Mobile and Wireless Design Essentials, M. Mallick, Wiley Publishing, Inc. 2004– High level overview of application development
architectures– Will post many links to online tutorial material on software
development• J2m3, C#, WML, VXML, etc.
• Grading– Homework + Labs (4 labs) 35%– Final Exam 35%– Term Project 30%– Group/individual project that involves developing and deploying
mobile applications• Past Projects include
– Interactive Multiplayer Casino games– Voice activated and played email reader (Text to speech)– Role + Location Based Security Framework– PDA based control of rolling steel mill
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MobileMobileCommunication SystemsCommunication Systems
• Wireless Communication System: – Any electrical communication system that uses a naturally
occurring communication channel, such as air, water, earth.• Mobile and Wireless are not interchangeable
Wireless vs. Mobile Examplesstationary computer, pay phonecalling card, call forwardingwireless local loop cell phone, laptop with WLAN
• Mobile Applications over wireless communication systems focus– Communicate over the air via radio-waves– Support some form of user mobility
• Examine how they are different from wired network applications
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Wireless IssuesWireless Issues•• Wireless link implicationsWireless link implications
– communications channel is the air• poor quality: fading, shadowing, weather, etc.
– regulated by governments• frequency allocated, licensing, etc.
– limited bandwidth• Low bit rate, frequency planning and reuse, interference
– power issues• Power levels regulated (safety issues), conserve mobile
terminal battery life
– security issues• wireless channel is a broadcast medium!
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Mobility IssuesMobility Issues
• Mobility Types– User mobility : user can access network while mobile
• must handoff calls/connections in progress as user moves• track users as they move so they can receive info/calls
– Service mobility: user’s services follow them• Need to have authentication and services follow user
• Degree of Mobility – Geographic range
• ranges from a house/apartment to worldwide– Speed
• ranges from stationary to bullet train• cordless phone vs. cell phone
• Mobility portable device
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Device Issues• Mobile Device Issues
– Portability • Device and accessories size and weight
– Usability• User characteristics (size, dexterity, knowledge, etc.)• Environment characteristics (Temperature, degree of mobility,
etc)• Device Characteristics
– startup time– data integrity and security– cpu speed and memory size– power supply – user interface (keypad, stylus, voice, etc.)
– Functionality (standalone, network dependent)– Connectability (always, partial, never)
• In general have a limited power supply, user interface and speed compared to stationary device
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Mobile Devices
Performance and CostPerformance and Cost
Pager• receive only• tiny displays• simple text
messages•two way pagers
Mobile phones• voice, data• simple text displays• simplified WWW
PDA• graphical displays• character recognition• WWW•Simple versions of standard applications
Palmtop• tiny keyboard• simple versions
of standard applications
Laptop and Tablet PC• fully functional• standard applications
Sensors,embeddedcontrollers
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2.5/3G/WLAN Mobile Devices• More Internet-friendly
interface– Wide, color screens
• More flexible to support new applications– Voice– Video telephony capabilities– Web browsing– Web Games– Electronic postcards– Location-based services– Streaming applications
• Various I/O modes/interfaces– Keypad, – voice recognition, – character recognition,– pen based, – touch screen, etc.
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Mobile Terminal MarketMobile Terminal MarketTrend is to combine phone with other handheld devices
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Human Interaction Constraints• Usability Issues with:
– Size (too big and too small)– Errors (too many, unnatural I/O)– Speed (refresh rates not instantaneous)– Power (battery life too short)– Functions provided– GUI design appropriate for user’s task?– Training and Documentation issues
• Unlikely to get one all purpose portable device (despite I-Phone hype!)
“Goldilocks and the Three Bears Problem”
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Wireless NetworksWireless Networks
– Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWANs)• Cellular Networks :
– GSM, cdmaone (IS-95), UMTS, cdma2000 EVDO
• Satellite Networks: – Iridium, Globalstar, GPS, etc.
– Wireless Metro Area Networks (WMANs)• IEEE 802.16 WiMAX
– Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs)• IEEE 802.11, a, b, g, etc. (infrastructure, ad hoc, sensor)
– Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)• IEEE 802.15 (Bluetooth), IrDa, Zigbee, sensor, etc.
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Wireless NetworksWireless Networks
IEEE 802.16100 MbpsMetro, suburb, campus 1-15 km
WMANs
IEEE 802.15 IrDa, BlueTooth, Zigbee
.1 – 1Mbps5-10 M around deviceWPANs
IEEE 80211a, b, g, etc.1-106 MbpsIn building, campus wide, subdivision wide,Range ~ 100 M per AP
WLANs
2G: GSM, cdmaone2.5G: GPRS, cdma 2000 1X-rtt3G: UMTS, cdma2000 1x-EDVO3.5G: HSPDA
2G: 9.6 – 45 Kbps,2.5G: 50 -300 Kbps3G : 50kbsp- 2Mbps 3.5G: .1 – 10 Mbps
National, Continent wideWWANs
StandardsTypical ThroughputGeographic CoverageNetwork
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Evolving Hybrid Network Architecture
Laptops
Handheld PCs Switch & mobility and
radio resource management
Public Switched Telephone or Public
Data Network
Base Station
Multimedia terminal
WLAN
Switch
Access Point
Horizontal or Intra-tech Handoff
Vertical or Inter-techHandoff Router
LAN Segment
Cell
LEGEND WWAN
WPAN
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Mobile Applications
• Wireless Service is nice – BUT to do anything need networked applications
• In this course focus on the applications deployed on top of wireless networks– Voice, data and value added service– Examine existing (SMS) and evolving services (LBS)– Study Technologies that enable services
• Wireless networks, Location tracking, mobile application platforms, etc.
• Protocols: WAP, Mobile IP, Bluetooth, etc. • Software: J2ME, C#, V-XML, etc.
– What are the components, how do they work and are deployed • What are the issues unique to mobile information
systems– security, reliability, mobility, device characteristics, etc.
• Goal to be Smart Integrators
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Evolving ApplicationsEvolving Applications
•• Focus on data based services and value added Focus on data based services and value added applicationsapplications–– Mobile Internet AccessMobile Internet Access–– Mobile Intranet/Extranet AccessMobile Intranet/Extranet Access–– Personalized InfotainmentPersonalized Infotainment
•• Video, audio, games, etc. Video, audio, games, etc.
–– Multimedia Message Service (MMS) Multimedia Message Service (MMS) –– Location Based Services (LBS)Location Based Services (LBS)–– Rich VoiceRich Voice
•• Theme Theme –– MultiMulti--mode (multimode (multi--media) servicemedia) service–– Community and identityCommunity and identity
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Something doesn’t seem right. Am I testing the right circuit? This is the one I’mworking on.
Less experienced technician at field site #1.
No, that’s not the correctone. Scan to the left, I’ll tell you to stop whenyou get to the right spot.
Expert technician at field site #2.
Example: Expert on Call
Streaming Media, Real-time voice, Best Effort Data Convergence
Feasible with 3G technology
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Sample Multimodal Applications
• Travel information– Make request via voice– Receive response in text
• Directions– Make request via voice– Receive initial response in text– Get updates while traveling via voice or SMS
or map• One-to-many messaging
– Record message via voice or text– Deliver message via voice, SMS, or email
• Location Based Services– List of coffee houses in neighborhood, – List of friends in neighborhood– Directions to nearest X
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Example Application
Marie buys a new phone. She is showing it to her friend Susie.
Marie gives names to positions. Marie leaves to work, surprised that her phone helped her not to be late.
The device has learnt where Marie likes to visit and what she does.
Look, it remembers!
I am going to teach my phone my
habits.
Your phone is beeping
Looks cool!
After one week…
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More Multimodal Examples
• Text or voice menus when accessing system– Voice to hear message– Voice or text to select item from menus
• Unified communications– While listening to a voice message from a customer, obtain a text
display of recent customer activity• Proximity Video Dating (3)
– View Video Clips of prospective dates in general area• Emergency response team
– SMS and voice alert– Voice conference, and text updates, while traveling to site of
emergency• Scan bar code of product
– Get ratings from Consumer Reports or other reference group• Location based museum tours with PDA• Asset location with WLANs and LAN ID tags
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Landline
Party 1Dad
Video and Data
3G
Let’s see ifthe kids are
okay.
Party 3Day Care
Voice ConnectionVideo Connection
We need to buy some flowers for the party. Let me show you a
few bouquets.
Data Connection
I like the roses.Can I have themIn a different vase?
How about this? Do you like the
vase?
This is perfect!
Party 2Mom
3G
1-800-Flowers. How can I help
you?
DoneNext Call
Voice Connection
DoneNext CallCall
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Early Deployments
• Cricket/Football matches (Hutchinson)– SMS or Ring alert at start of coverage– Live voice coverage or text updates or video
• Festival Information delivery (SFR France)– SMS broadcast with phone # & URL– Choice of text display or
voice (text-to-speech)
• Proximity Video Dating (3)– View Video Clips of prospective dates in
general area
• Location based museum tours with PDA• Asset location with WLANs and LAN ID
tags (PANGO Networks)
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Asset Location
• Deploy WLAN in hospital
• Equipment given LAN ID tags
• Query to find.
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Network Operators Need Applications
NewApplicationsprovided by3rd Parties,Operators
Application Platforms/Portals
ServicesCategoriesprovided byOperators
M-Office
Telematics
DispatchTelemetryGamblingBankingTicketing
Rich VoiceLBSMMSInternetAccess
IntranetAccess
Info-tainment
Info-provision
PersonalInfo Management
VideoConferencing
E-Pay Brokering Advertising
HealthCare
Map basedInfo
MusicVideo
InstantMessaging
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Mobile Application Types
• Services can be classified in several ways• Mode of Interaction
– Human to human (voice, instant messaging, etc)– Human to content (email, web browsing, playing video, etc.)– Human to machine (voice mail, scheduling, etc)– Machine to machine (printing file, exchange of address books,
etc)
• Paradigm– client server, peer to peer, standalone
• User– Consumer vs Business (B2B, B2C, B2E)
• Mobile specialized vs. Mobile extension
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Consumer vs Enterprise
Consumer• Standard Internet
Applications– web browsing, gaming, music
download, e-commerce
• Mobility based applications,– location-based services,
micro-payment, mobile ticketing, m-commerce
• Wide range of devices• Performance is key• Price sensitive
Enterprise• Standard Business Applications
– e-mail, calendar, voucher, vendor payment, document sharing
– M-office– Customer relations info
• Mobility based applications– Data entry in the field– Field service info– Transportation and logistics
• More uniform high end devices• Security is a key• Performance is also important• Willing to pay more
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Business Value, ROIand Application
Deployment Issues! Not Technology
Selling mobile technology hype
Selling unrealistic solutions e.g., m-commerce portals
Enterprise Customer
Focus
Mobile Vendor Focus
Vendors are ignoring customers demands: show me how to make or save money using mobile?
The Tale of Two Perspectives
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Mobile Specialized vs Mobile Extension
MobilePortal
RichVoiceand
SimpleVoice
InternetAccess
Intranet/ExtranetAccess
MultimediaMessaging
Service(MMS)
Location-based
Servics
Customisedinfotain-
ment
Mobile Extension Mobile SpecialisedServices
VoiceVideoInformation and Content
WIRELESS ACCESS MOBILITY REALTIME
Slide adopted from UMTS forum
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Actors in Mobile Applications
• Wireless operators and Service Provider– Provides connectivity, billing and CRM
• Hardware/software Vendors – both terminals and infrastructure
• Software Infrastructure providers – middleware and application development
tools• System Integrators/Application Developers• Content Providers
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Value Chain?
WirelessAccessNetwork
WirelessAccessNetwork
TransportNetwork ISP PortalTerminal Content
End-to-End ConnectionSecurity, QoS, Billing
Terminal A Terminal B
Access +TransportNetwork
e.g. PSTN
Traditional Services Model (Voice, Fax, Data, SMS)
Content-related Services Model (e.g., Infotainment)
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Revenues for Service Providers?
• Service Providers expect to charge for– Mobile Internet Access (3% revenue 2010)
• Service fee, airtime– Mobile Intranet/Extranet Access (15% revenue 2010)
• Service fee, airtime, roaming, value added (security)– Personalized Infotainment (28% revenue 2010)
• Service fee, revenue sharing with content provider/portals– Multimedia Message Service (15% revenue 2010)
• Messaging– Location Based Services (3% of revenue 2010)
• Service fee, revenue sharing with content provider/applications– Rich Voice (34% revenue 2010)
• Service fee, airtime, roaming
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Issue: How and When should firms make the shiftfrom the E-Business “S curve” to Mobile?
Next Innovation Mobile Apps??
Cascading S-Curves
80’s 90’s 00
MainframeMinicomputer
(30 years)
WebE-commerceE-business(7+ years)
Time
% Adoption
PCClient-Server
(15 years)
GROWTH
MATURITY
INNOVATION
Mobile Solutions
Web Services(?)
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Enablers• Wireless network development
– Increased bandwidth/data rate – Falling costs– Always on capability– WLAN – hotspots
• Mobile Devices– Fast development– More connectivity, computing power and autonomy, but lower size, weight
and cost– More functionality – camera, mms, radio, gps, compass, upc scanner, etc.– More input options/features: voice, pen based, touch screen, etc.
• Software Infrastructure– wap, xml, VXML, J2ME, .NET CF, Device emulators, etc.– Smart Clients
• mobile databases, synchronization technology• Standardization
– Software, protocols and hardware (e.g., Bluetooth). etc..
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Challenges for mobile applications
• Wireless Network Issues– Coverage – Bandwidth– Latency– Reliability– Cost– Heterogeneity– Security
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Challenges for mobile applications• Mobile device diversity
– Screen resolution– CPU and Memory– Input/Output solution– Operating system– Autonomy, – Size and Weight– Battery Life– Security
• Connectivity solution• Integration with existing systems
– Support of current and future devices• Content formating/adaption
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Mobile Application Space
Device Network
Wireless Network
Transport Network
Content Network
Social Network