ingi Þór einarsson. swimming nerd have worked with disabled swimmers at all levels for many years
TRANSCRIPT
Disability swimmingIngi Þór Einarsson
Ingi Þór Einarsson
Swimming nerd
Have worked with disabled swimmers at all levels for many years
MSc in Sport science◦ Race analysis
PhD nám◦ EMG◦ EIPET◦ Health ID
Ingi Þór Einarsson
End. R Str. Length
Str. Rate Swim speed
Turn time Start time
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WIDID
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Approaching disability◦ Who is disabled
Competition opportunities for disabled◦ Special Olympics◦ Paralympics◦ Local opportunities
Classification of disability◦ Functional or medical
Teaching disabled◦ Individual approach◦ Few tricks
Structure of my talk
To have you look at disability in a fresh way.
If you are already good swimming teachers/coaches you are 95% ready to be good with disability
My goal!
Irish and Icelandic Physical Educators experiences in teaching students with special educational needs◦ 88% respondents had taught a student with a disability◦ 91% had no undergraduate adapted physical
education training◦ 51% “somewhat” competent in teaching students with
disabilities
Swimming teachers seems to be doing best
There is big need!
Disabled !
Google gives close to 100 Social welfare uses one IPC uses another
It all depends on your point of view
I use my own
Definition of Disability
The language we use may influence how other people view disability
We should always use the language and descriptions that people with disabilities indicated as appropriate for them
Appropriate language may vary between countries, different disabilities and individuals e.g. disabled people/people with disabilities
Expect great things from all!
Labelling is disabling
• People first, disability second Do not sensationalise Avoid generalising Avoid emotional terminology: suffering, victims,
struggles with, conquered Focus on ability, not level of impairment
Talk video
10
Labelling is disabling
Motivators for taking part in swimming
Same for people with disabilities as for non-disabled◦ to keep fit◦ be with my friends◦ to relax◦ to enjoy my swimming◦ to be the best
To reduce the effect of my disability
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Disabled people DON’T need our pity nor sympathy
Disabled people need our understanding and sometimes our assistance
In short
If you feel like reading more up matters like this go to www.EIPET.EU
Its “off the shelf” material to help any one who works with disability in Physical activity context
Its free and everyone can use, either all or part of it.
EIPET
Two main directions
Special Olympics
Paralympics
Both great, but that’s about it, what they have in common
Opportunities for disabled swimmers
The biggest victory is to take part Mainly for Intellectually disabled, but not
closed to any one No classification before hand
◦ Swimmers race in heats in the morning (or entry time) and are then split in to groups 4-8 swimmers based on their time
Many sets of medals for each event Everyone has a fair chance of winning
Special Olympics
Big Global Games every four years Many regional and national games in most
countries Important that these opportunities are
pointed out to those who have a chance of taking part.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?gl=US&hl=en&client=mv-google&v=5Y9k-U67FNg&nomobile=1
Special Olympics
Hard core competitions Who is the best Pre-competition classification Strict rules Big Paralympics games held every 4 year
following the Olympics in same venues
Many local and regional opportunities
Paralympic
In international swimming there are 3 main classification systems going on.
Visually impaired = Medical Classification
Physically disabled = Functional Classification
Intellectual disabled = Medical & Functional Classification
Classification for disabled swimmers
S11◦ No light perception in up to light perception but
inability to recognize the shape of hand at any distance
S12◦ Ability to recognize shape of hand up to visual
acuity of 2/60 and/or visual field of less than 5 degrees.
S13◦ Visual acuity above 2/60 up to 6/60 and/or visual
field of 5 –20 degrees.
Visual Impaired Classification
Compete in S1 – S10
Complicated system based on ability, not disability.
Different kind of disability often swim in the same class
Based on what the swimmer should be able to do with good training and help
Physical Disability Classification
Normal body has 300 points Then we subtract points for missing or non-
functioning limbs or body parts
Arms 130 points Legs 100 points Body 50 points Start 10 points Turns 10 points
Physical Disability Classification
Class S2
All you need is will!
Class S3
S7, SB5, SM6
S7 in Free SB5 in Breast SM6 in IM
Class S9 and S10
The classification panel is three people one medical and one swimming expert and one other. There is a: ◦ Bench test◦ Water test ◦ Competition observation
Repeat minimum of two times Leuven video link
Physical disability classification
Often need to combine classes◦ Due to few swimmers in each class
Reference formulas used Experience coaches put young children
approximately in classes in the beginning Important that this is done fairly
Local Competitions
ID included in Paralympics 1996 and 2000 ID took no part in 2004 and 2008 because
of lack of evidence and classification system Data collected between 2004 and 2010 both
in cognitive testing and race analysis
ID took part in EU 2009 and 2011 and worlds 2011
Will take part in London 2012
Brief history of ID swimming
1. Be on INAS-FID master listA. IQ test < 75B. QuestionnaireC. Before 18 years old
2. Apply to get on to IPC master list A. Sport specific questionnaireB. Cognitive test battery (five different tests)C. Sport specific test (SST)
S14 in IPC
Measure cognitive function that is related to ability to perform in sport
Cognetive test battery
ID AB
0/5 = 1/5 = 2/5 = SST3/5 = 4/5 = 5/5 =
Based on the relationship between stroke rate and swimming velocity
Relative stroking speed
Different pattern can be observed between S14- and AB swimmers
Sport Specific Test
30.000 35.000 40.000 45.000 50.000 55.000 60.0000.900
1.000
1.100
1.200
1.300
1.400
1.500
1.600
1.700
1.800
1.900
200 crawl S14
Stroke rate (str/min)
Ve
locit
y (
m/s
)
30.000 35.000 40.000 45.000 50.000 55.000 60.0000.900
1.100
1.300
1.500
1.700
1.900
2.100
200 crawl S14 and elite
Stroke rate (str/min)
Ve
locit
y (
m/s
)
Swimmer who is scoring more “normal”, that
is 2/5 on the cognitive test battery, and are
swimming like an elite AB swimmer; do not
show diminished ability to perform at a high
level in swimming, and should there for not
be swimming under IPC rules!
In short
Iceland◦ NPC [email protected]◦ SÓ [email protected]
Færeyjar◦ NPC [email protected] ◦ SÓ [email protected]
Denmark◦ NPC [email protected]◦ SÓ [email protected]
Contacts
Finnland◦ NPC [email protected]◦ SO [email protected]
Sweden◦ NPC [email protected]◦ SO [email protected]
Norway◦ NPC [email protected]◦ SO [email protected]
Contacts
There are many guidelines around to help us pedagogically to work with disabled
We have all learned in school what is good teaching in general
Teaching/coaching disabled
Gain attention first Provide information in
chunks Use appropriate
language Pause frequently –
give time to process & respond
Repeat and simplify information
Stress important words in sentences
Be clear about the order of events (first, then)
Have defined end to event
Say what you mean Avoid negatives Use demonstration
& visual supports
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Strategies to improve understanding for ADHD and Autism
Visual queing can also work miracles
No matter who it is everyone needs the same to learn to swim.
Security◦ Breathing, holding breath, water in face
Balance◦ Float in front and back
Limbs◦ Symmetrically and asymmetrically movements
Technical Guides
Autism◦ Often find symmetrically swims easier to master◦ Low perception of intensity level
ADHD◦ Can be VERY good swimmers in right settings◦ Skills takes longer to master – build clear frame
ID◦ Low perception of intensity level◦ Skills are not stable◦ Too weak
Some trial and errors finding
Amputee◦ Legs and arms create similar problems◦ Need to work hard to find the right rhythm
Paralyzed◦ Difficult to hit the right intensity zone◦ Body position is the name of the game
CP◦ Need longer to recover from hard training◦ Need sometimes very special skill adaptations
Visually impaired◦ Skills unstable◦ Needs on-hand teaching
Some trial and error finding
Online system www.swimties/learn
Material for coaches and teachers
Special chapters for disabled, but mostly general stuff.
To learn more
Integration is more and more common We all need to be specialist in disability
swimming Its important that PE teachers know how
and where to channel disabled swimmers
KISS
Take home message
Thank you for listening