1. Research on monographical issues related to the Roman world in general or specifically on the Roman Hispania. Level: 1 de ESO Subject: social sciences Teacher: Deseire Ordiz Methodology: Groups of three or four people. Search and selection of information through various websitessuggested by the teacher, preparation of summaries on the contentrelevant to the investigation; selection of images to illustrate the work, aPowerPoint presentation, an oral presentation of the results before thegroup and proposed activities to work on.

2. Suggested topics for students: The roman army. The legions in Hispania. Roman emperors. Hispanic emperors (Trajan and Hadrian) Roman urbanism. Rome, capital of the Empire. Baelo Claudia, Tarraco, Italic Women in Rome. Hispanic women. Roman houses. Villa of Veranes Leisure in Rome. Theaters, ciscuses, amphitheaters. The theater of Mrida. Roman baths. Baths of Caracalla. Baths of Campo Valds.Arce Program- Knowing and sharing the Roman Hispania 3. ROMAN HOUSESClara Puerto Snchez Clara Gonzlez GuerreroJenny Collar LagoArce Program- Knowing and sharing the Roman Hispania 4. Arce Program- Knowing and sharing the Roman Hispania CastrumMilitary camp, walledand rectangularshaped with a centralavenue cross shaped.Three hundred peoplecould live inside. It isthe oldest Romanhousing model. 5. Arce Program- Knowing and sharing the Roman HispaniaDomusFamily houses forfamilies of a certaineconomic level. It wasconstructed from twoparts and consisted ofa single plant. Mostdomus were 120meters long and 30meters wide. 6. Arce Program- Knowing and sharing the Roman Hispania Urban villaThis housing had all the luxuries of the city, and it usually used to be surrounded by a garden. They had a room for every season. Only the richest could afford it. 7. Arce Program- Knowing and sharing the Roman Hispania Insulae It is a block of flats from 300 to 400 square meters divided into floors that open to theoutside with windows and balconies. They appear in the fourth century. C. andreached a height of 6/7 floors. They had no running water or latrines : the feces weredeposited in a common container at the foot of the stairs or thrown out the window.There were no heating (they got warmed with braziers) nor chimneys; the windowshad no glass, just curtains or wooden blinds. They were built by private businessmenwho speculated on the land and construction. In the mid-fourth century, Rome had1797 domus and 46.602 insulae with an average of 5 dwellings occupied by 5 or 6people each... 8. THE ROMAN ARMYLegions In Hispania.Arce Program- Knowing and sharing the Roman Hispania 9. ndex. History of the army. Organization of the army. Life in the army. Legionnaires uniform. Army weapons and tactics. Symbology. The Roman camp. The legions in Hispania Questions ResourcesArce Program- Knowing and sharing the Roman Hispania 10. ARMY HISTORY. In early Rome men served in the army according to their property and wealthand did not receive any compensation for the services rendered, that madethat the poorest were excluded from serviceThe early formation of the army from its beginnings was a copy of thecompact and closed Greek phalanx made of armed spearmen, which wasorganized later, after the struggles against the hill tribes, into legions, moreflexible formations where spears were replaced by swords and javelins. In 396 B.C. the paid military service was first introduced, although citizens werestill being recruited when necessary without any permanent professional arm,which would not come until the arrival of Augusto to the power who wouldcontinue the practice of recruiting. By the year 107BC, the poorest citizenswere allowed into the army and with Augusto it was open free to the entirepopulation of the Empire, which was divided into elite legions and troopsreserved to the Roman citizens and the auxilia, where the rest of thepopulation of the Empire was integrated.Arce Program- Knowing and sharing the Roman Hispania 11. ARMY ORGANIZATION. After changing the model of the Greek phalanx held since its beginnings, thelegion became the base unit of the Roman army, though originally the wordlegion was applied to the entire army A legion was usually made up of 10,000 legionnaires in the infantry and 1,000legionaries, in cavalry. The man who led the legion was the legacy who washelped by six tribunes. A centurion commanded 100 legionaries The badge holder was the man who kept the eagle, the most important symbolin Rome because it represented the greatness of it The trumpet transmitted the orders of the officers. 12. LIFE IN THE ARMY Not only had The soldier to learn the art of war but he should dominate othertrades like sowing, harvesting crops and raising horses, he also had to knowsomething of the craft of artisan to repair and make weapons, so as to handlepick and shovel to dig trenches , build camps, build walls and undermine theenemy walls. When graduating after 20 years of service for the Legionaires, 16 for thegarrison of Rome, 25 for auxiliaries and 26 for soldiers sailors. Soldiers weregiven the title of Veteranus and received a plot of land or a lot of moneyequivalent to 12 years of pay. They also received extra payments at thebeginning of each term of a new emperor, custom established by EmperorClaudius. For the auxiliaries the main reward was to receive the Romancitizenship. 13. THE LEGIONNAIRES UNIFORM The uniform of the soldiers was varied over time, until the reign of Claudius thelegionaries wore protective chain mail that was replaced with overlapping iron sheets.Medals and metal plates were fixed in the breastplate, below they wore a fabric shirt thatended on a shirtail and a leather garment. The metallic breastplate like the greaves or shinpads were reserved for officers, ametallic belt was used to fit the armor and hang the sword.A major tactics of the Romansin their arms was to copy from the enemies everything that could benefit them, so forexample their short sword or Hispanicus Gladius was an adaptation of the IberianFalcata which wreaked havoc among the legionaries during clashes with Hispanicauxiliaries of Hannibal during the Second Punic war. This sword was ideal for bodycombat due to its double edge and measures 50 cm. long by 7 cm. wide The head and neck were protected by a bronze helmet. The hemispherical helmet withcheek pieces was adorned most of the time with a plume of feathers or horsehair. TheRomans copied their shields from the French model, which consisted of a large oval orrectangular plate most of the times, the center had a hemisphere to make slip the enemyprojectiles. 14. ARMY WEAPONS AND TACTICS In the Roman Empire the discipline of war was considered a science and an art, the constant training of theRoman army was one of the most feared and it was largely responsible for its success. The Roman army was preparing to attack using basic training, using a vanguard of Velites (Light Infantry), andthen the infantry was arranged in three lines, The Hastati, the princes and the Triarii (Veterans) entered only iftheir intervention was necessary . To the right of the infantry cavalry stood and to the left the cavalry of the allies.In order to attack, the first line of soldiers advanced shield to shield, while the second line protected the first line with their own shields by placing them on their heads. If the first line was not enough, the second one attacked by the spaces left by the previous one, while the firstretreated to refuel with spears and shields . For the siege, towers were also used for archers, battering rams to breach the walls or terracesand mobile towers which had a drawbridge to scale the walls. Another of the tactics used for the siege was to surround with two walls the besieged city, oneinside to avoid out to the besieged and an outdoor to prevent access to any auxiliary forces (firstused in Numancia (Soria ) They had siege engines as the onager, the ballista, etc. 15. SYMBOLOGY During the early Republic, Army division consisted of five banners, the eagle,the wolf, the minotaur, the horse and the boar, but in 104 BC Mario abolishedthe other banners and left only the eagle (Aquila) as a symbol of the wholearmy We could also find the Signum, which was the banner of the centuries,consisting of the eagle and the badge of the Roman crown on top and underthis , the inscription SPQR. With the Empire the inscription was replaced by thename of the Emperor. The loss of a banner in a clash was considered a real disgrace in Romansociety, his recovery was celebrated as a great victory by the army and thewhole society 16. THE ROMAN CAMP The Roman camps were an engineering work at high speed, an army on themove built up a completely fortified camp at the end of the day and theydestroyed the next morning, before moving on. Temporary camps that were built at the end of the daily running anddestroyed to leave the place were built following a strict order and discipline. The permanent camps made of stone were used as winter camps. Inpeacetime they became small towns with an area of about twenty acres tohouse a legion. 17. THE LEGIONS IN NHISPANIA In Hispania there were several legions led by some commanders as Augustus,Lucio, Marco, etc.. One of the most famous wars of Hispania was the Cantabrian wars in whichThe legions of Caesar Augustus, Junius Brutus, etc, served. 18. QUESTIONS When was paid military service first implemented? What name was given to the six men who helped the Legacy?What other tasks needed to perform the Legionnaires? What was the name of the spear that the Roman legionaries wore? What was the most important symbol for the army? What was the name of the permanent camp built by the Romans? What was the name of the wars held by the Romans against the Hispanics inthe northern peninsula?Arce Program- Knowing and sharing the Roman Hispania 19. SOURCES We mostly used the link to the Roman army placed in Educastur campus, the Wikipedia and Google picturesArce Program- Knowing and sharing the Roman Hispania