inglis sssssh

7/29/2019 Inglis Sssssh

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PREFACE

Praise be to Allah who has given us a smart brain so that

the paper can be assembled completely. and also to ourprovert Muhammad SAW who has brought us from

darkness to the lightness.

Basically there are many formulas and vocabulary in the

English literature. on this occasion. the author presents

material on conditional sentences, preference, and

subjunctive. which has several more in the discussionsection.

As for the author's purpose is to make the readers

knowledges insight extends the formula above.

Authors are aware that there are many flaws in the

presentation of this paper, therefore, criticism and

suggestions from readers are encouraged. and can be

helpful to us. Amin ya rabbal alamin


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CONTENTS

Preface i

Contents..ii

1. Preference...1

i. prefer...1

ii. would rather...1

iii. would prefer to...2

iv. like...2

v. had better,...2

vi. its time....3

vii. instead of.....3

2. Subjunctive ....4

3. Conditional Sentences....8

i. conditional sentence type 1.....8

ii. conditional sentence type 2.....9

iii. conditional sentences type 3...9

iv. mixed conditional sentence...10

Bibliography .11


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Preference

Preference is expressive states rather than others.

1. Prefer.

Formula :

Subject + Prefer + to infinitive Subject + Prefer + Nouns + to + Nouns Subject + Prefer + Gerund + to + Gerund

Example :

They prefer to go now My mother prefers lemon to orange She prefers watching TV to listening to the radio

2. Would Rather

Formula:

Subject + would rather + Kata kerja bentuk I (tanpa to- Infinitives) Subject + would rather + Infinitives + than + Infinitives

Subject + would rather + Infinitives + Noun + than + Inf + Noun Subject + would rather + someone + Bentuk II

Example:

I would rather study now She would rather stay home than go shopping Wed rather play card than play ball Id rather you went now


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3. Would Prefer to

Formula :

Subject + Would Prefer to + infinitive +rather than + inf Subject + would Prefer to + infinitives + Nouns + rather than +

infinitives + Nouns

Example:

They would prefer to sing rather than dance Youd prefer to play ball rather than take a sleep

4. Like

Formula:

Subject + Like + Nouns/Gerunds Subject + like +gerunds + better than + gerund Subject + like + noun + better than + noun

Example:

I like singing a song She likes singing a song better than playing a guitar They like coffee better than tea

5. Had Better

Formula:

Subject + had better + infinitive Subject + had better + not + infinitive

Example:

You had better study hard You had better not work on Sundays


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6. Its time

Rumus:

Its time + to infinitives Its time + Subject + Bentuk past

Contoh:

Its time to get up Its time you went away

7. Instead of

Instead of kita gunakan sebagai pengganti dari: to, than, better than, ratherthan

Rumus:

Instead of + Gerund/Nouns

Contoh:

I prefer staying home instead of going out They would rather eat their lunch instead of work I woud prefer to invite them instead of him He likes me instead of him


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Subjunctive

Subjunctive is a way of expressing hope for something.

FORM

Use the simple form of the verb. The simple form is the infinitive without the"to." The simple form of the verb "to go" is "go." The Subjunctive is onlynoticeable in certain forms and tenses.

USE

The Subjunctive is used to emphasize urgency or importance. It is used aftercertain expressions (see below).

Examples:

I suggest that he study. Is it essential that we be there? Don recommended that you join the committee.

NOTICE

The Subjunctive is only noticeable in certain forms and tenses. In the

examples below, the Subjunctive is not noticeable in the you-form of the verb,but it is noticeable in the he-form of the verb.

Examples:

You try to study often.you-form of "try" It is important that you try to study often. Subjunctive form of "try"

looks the same.

He tries to study often.he-form of "try" It is important that he try to study often. Subjunctive form of "try" is

noticeable here.


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Verbs Followed by the Subjunctive

The Subjunctive is used after the following verbs:

-to advise (that)-to ask (that)-to command (that)-to demand (that)-to desire (that)-to insist (that)-to propose (that)-to recommend (that)-to request (that)-to suggest (that)

-to urge (that)

Examples:

Dr. Smith asked that Mark submit his research paper before the end ofthe month.

Donna requested Frank come to the party. The teacher insists that her students be on time.

Expressions Followed by the Subjunctive

The Subjunctive is used after the following expressions:

-It is best (that)-It is crucial (that)-It is desirable (that)-It is essential (that)-It is imperative (that)-It is important (that)-It is recommended (that)

-It is urgent (that)-It is vital (that)-It is a good idea (that)-It is a bad idea (that)


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Examples:

It is crucial that you be there before Tom arrives. It is important she attend the meeting. It is recommended that he take a gallon of water with him if he wants to

hike to the bottom of the Grand Canyon.

Negative,Continuous and Passive Forms of Subjunctive

The Subjunctive can be used in negative, continuous and passive forms.

Negative Examples:

The boss insisted that Sam not be at the meeting. The company asked that employees not accept personal phone calls

during business hours. I suggest that you not take the job without renegotiating the salary.

Passive Examples:

Jake recommended that Susan be hired immediately. Christine demanded that I be allowed to take part in the negotiations. We suggested that you be admitted to the organization.

Continuous Examples:

It is important that you be standing there when he gets off the plane. It is crucial that a car be waiting for the boss when the meeting is over. I propose that we all be waiting in Tim's apartment when he gets home.


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Should as Subjunctive

After many of the above expressions, the word "should" is sometimes used toexpress the idea of subjunctiveness. This form is used more frequently in

British English and is most common after the verbs "suggest," "recommend"and "insist."

Examples:

The doctor recommended that she should see a specialist about theproblem.

Professor William suggested that Wilma should study harder for thefinal exam.

Struktur Subjunctive

be (past) be(present)

Kata kerja lain (past &present)

I wereyou werehe, she, itwerewe were

you werethey were

I beyou behe, she, itbewe be

you bethey be

I workyou workhe, she, it workwe workyou work

they work

-Why do we use "I were", "he were"?

We often hear people say "if I were you, I would go" or "if he were here, he

would tell you". It normally is: I was, he was. But the structure if I were you

do not see the Past Tense ". The structure is only known for the pastsubjunctive "to be" .


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- Conditional Sentences Type 2

Used to reveal the events / events / jobs that might not happen.

sentence patterns

Subject + could / would / might + Subject + V1 + if + Simple Past Tense

example:

* I would phone her, if i knew her phone number.

Fact: I do not phone her because i do not know her phone number.

* If i were Superman, i would fly to meet her.

Fact: I am not a Superman, so i dont fly to meet her.

-Conditional Sentences Type 3

Used to reveal the events / events / employment is not possible or

contrary to the situation in the past.

Sentence patterns :

Subject + could / would / might + have + V3 + if + Subject + Past PerfectTense

Example:

* My Uncle would have come to my house, if he had not been very busy.

Fact: My Uncle was very busy, so he did'nt come to my house.

* If had not been very busy, i could have come to your house.

Fact: I was very busy, so i could not come to your house.


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-MIXED CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Conditional sentences with mixed time frames are those sentences in which

the second conditional uses thesimple past in the if clause and would haveand

a verb in past participle in the result clause.for example:

If I werent a teacher, I would have been rejected.

Im a teacher. I was not rejected.

-This example shows how a situation in the present affects another situation in

the past.

-The second contitional normally usessimple past and would plus a verb, but

this does not occur in mixed time frames.

-The third conditional in mixed time frame usespast perfect in the if clauseand would plus base form of the verb in the result clause to show how a

situation from the past affects another situation in the present.

-for example:

If I hadnt eaten so much, my jeans would fit now.

I ate a lot. My jeans dont fit now.

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