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INTER-AMERICAN TELECOMMUNICATION COMMISSION INTER-AMERICAN TELECOMMUNICATION COMMISSION WORKSHOP ON “TECHNICAL AND REGULATORY ASPECTS RELATED TO WORKSHOP ON “TECHNICAL AND REGULATORY ASPECTS RELATED TO

THE EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC NON-IONIZING EMISSIONS” THE EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC NON-IONIZING EMISSIONS”

SESSION SESSION STATUS OF PROVISIONS AND STUDIES BEING DEVELOPED BY STATUS OF PROVISIONS AND STUDIES BEING DEVELOPED BY

SPECIALIZED INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONSSPECIALIZED INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

VÍCTOR CRUZ ORNETTA, M.S. VÍCTOR CRUZ ORNETTA, M.S.

INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y CAPACITACIÓN DE TELECOMUNICACIONES INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y CAPACITACIÓN DE TELECOMUNICACIONES DEL PERÚDEL PERÚ

[NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE OF PERU] [NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE OF PERU] (INICTEL)(INICTEL)

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““RESEARCH IN PERU ON NON-IONIZING RADIATION RESEARCH IN PERU ON NON-IONIZING RADIATION IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS”IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS”

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I. PERU’S MOST IMPORTANT TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES

MTC: http://www.mtc.gob.pe/portal/estadisticas/comunicaciones.asp (as of end 2005)

OSIPTEL: http://www.osiptel.gob.pe/Index.ASP?T=P&P=2637 (as of March 2006)

* Information sources:

-

-

-

6,092,382

62 582MF/AM SOUND BROADCASTING -

FM SOUND BROADCASTING

1001

541

166 1520

BROADCASTING STATIONS

LIMA PROVINCESSERVICE USERS

MOBILE SERVICES

109

1015

TV BROADCASTING

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Non-ionizing radiation environmental quality standards radiation (EQS-NIR) [0-300 GHz] are

being developed.

Maximum permissible limits for telecommunication activities (MPLs-NIR for telecommunications) [9

kHz-300 GHz], D.S. 038-2003-MTC.

II. NATIONAL PROVISIONS

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For workplace exposure

Frequency range

Electrical field strength (V/m)

Magnetic field strength (A/m)

Power density (W/m2)

For public exposure

Power density (W/m2)

Magnetic field strength (A/m)

Electrical field strength (V/m

Frequency range

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Technical Standard on Radiofrequency Restrictions in Public Places

As a directive supplementing D.S. 038-2003-MTC, on February 28, 2005, the Technical Standard on Radio Restrictions in Public Places (R.M. Nº 120-2005-MTC/03) was published.

This technical standard establishes reference levels for public exposure in public places, defined as those places where it is considered that the public might be exposed to electromagnetic fields, such as:

Schools (pre-school, primary, and secondary)HospitalsHealth centers, and Clinics

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Frequency range

Electrical field strength

(V/m)

Power density (W/m2)

Reference levels for public exposure in public areas *

* Either magnitude in the table above may be utilized: electrical field strength or power density, in

accordance with frequency range.

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This ordinance is a broad initial approach to the environmental impact of This ordinance is a broad initial approach to the environmental impact of radio stations, taking particular account of:radio stations, taking particular account of:

Impact of non-ionizing radiationImpact of non-ionizing radiationImpact on the landscape and urban environment Impact on the landscape and urban environment Impact of noise and vibrations Impact of noise and vibrations

Considering as prevention and mitigation measures instruments such as the Considering as prevention and mitigation measures instruments such as the Environmental Impact Study (EIA), Environmental Improvement ProgramEnvironmental Impact Study (EIA), Environmental Improvement Program (PAMA), compliance with the MPLs, consistency with the urbanization PAMA), compliance with the MPLs, consistency with the urbanization regime, minimum distances between stations, height limits, visual regime, minimum distances between stations, height limits, visual integration of towers and poles with the environment, authorization from integration of towers and poles with the environment, authorization from owners’ associations in cases where facilities are installed on lots subject to owners’ associations in cases where facilities are installed on lots subject to the ordinary property regime, sworn accountability statement regarding the the ordinary property regime, sworn accountability statement regarding the infrastructure’s capacity to withstand extreme risk conditions (earthquakes infrastructure’s capacity to withstand extreme risk conditions (earthquakes and tremors, high wind, etc.), including the great weight of base radio station and tremors, high wind, etc.), including the great weight of base radio station (BRS) facilities.(BRS) facilities.

ORDINANCE REGULATING THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION ORDINANCE REGULATING THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF BASE RADIO STATIONS IN SANTIAGO DE SURCO DISTRICTOF BASE RADIO STATIONS IN SANTIAGO DE SURCO DISTRICT

ORDINANCE Nº 182-MSSORDINANCE Nº 182-MSS

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Objective:Objective:To regulate the installation and operation of BRS in the district.To regulate the installation and operation of BRS in the district.

Scope:Scope:Establishes the licensing requirements for installation, within the Establishes the licensing requirements for installation, within the jurisdiction of Santiago de Surco district, of BRS with electromagnetic jurisdiction of Santiago de Surco district, of BRS with electromagnetic fields in the 9 kHz-300 GHz range.fields in the 9 kHz-300 GHz range.

Instruments and measures:Instruments and measures:EIAEIAPAMAPAMABRS licensing, location, installation, and requirements BRS licensing, location, installation, and requirements Land use planLand use planUrban development planUrban development planInfractions regimeInfractions regimeMPL certification MPL certification

ORDINANCE REGULATING THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF BASE ORDINANCE REGULATING THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF BASE RADIO STATIONS IN SANTIAGO DE SURCO DISTRICTRADIO STATIONS IN SANTIAGO DE SURCO DISTRICT

ORDINANCE Nº 182-MSSORDINANCE Nº 182-MSS

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III. PERUVIAN NATIONAL EVALUATION OF NIR IN III. PERUVIAN NATIONAL EVALUATION OF NIR IN TELECOMMUNICATIONSTELECOMMUNICATIONS

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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

1. 1. To measure the strength of the electrical field generated by the To measure the strength of the electrical field generated by the most important services in the 30 MHz-2 GHz band, including most important services in the 30 MHz-2 GHz band, including FM radio, television, trunk service, and mobile cellular FM radio, television, trunk service, and mobile cellular telephony, in five districts of the city of Lima: Chorrillos, telephony, in five districts of the city of Lima: Chorrillos, including the Morro Solar telecommunication site; La Molina; including the Morro Solar telecommunication site; La Molina; Miraflores; Puente Piedra; and San Martín de Porres, and in six Miraflores; Puente Piedra; and San Martín de Porres, and in six major cities: Cuzco, Huancayo, Ica, Iquitos, Pucallpa, and major cities: Cuzco, Huancayo, Ica, Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Trujillo. Trujillo.

2. To evaluate such measurements to determine compliance with 2. To evaluate such measurements to determine compliance with the ICNIRP recommended public and workplace exposure the ICNIRP recommended public and workplace exposure limits.limits.

3. To recommend prevention and mitigation measures where 3. To recommend prevention and mitigation measures where necessary.necessary.

III. 1 NATIONAL EVALUATION OF III. 1 NATIONAL EVALUATION OF THE MAIN SERVICESTHE MAIN SERVICES

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GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF MEASURMENT POINTSOF MEASURMENT POINTS

CITYCITY NUMBER OF POINTS SELECTEDNUMBER OF POINTS SELECTED

CuzcoCuzco 1919

HuancayoHuancayo 1414

IcaIca 1111

IquitosIquitos 1313

Lima-ChorrillosLima-Chorrillos 3939

Lima-La MolinaLima-La Molina 0909

Lima-MirafloresLima-Miraflores 1515

Lima-Puente PiedraLima-Puente Piedra 0808

Lima-San Martín de PorresLima-San Martín de Porres 1515

PucallpaPucallpa 1010

TrujilloTrujillo 2121

TOTALTOTAL 174174

INICTELINICTEL 1313Figure 1: Figure 1: Type 1 measurement schemeType 1 measurement scheme

Equipment utilized: Spectrum analyzerEquipment utilized: Spectrum analyzer Spectrum analyzer: 9 KHz-3GHzSpectrum analyzer: 9 KHz-3GHz Log-periodic antenna: 30 MHz-1800 MHzLog-periodic antenna: 30 MHz-1800 MHz Portable Pentium computerPortable Pentium computer

Antena Logaritmica30 - 1800 MHZ

Antena Horn1.8 - 3 GHZ

Analizador de EspectrosMS2661C

Analizador de EspectrosMS2661C

Laptop

Laptop

Cable Coaxial

Cable Coaxial

Esquema de Medición utilizando el Analizador de Espectros

Polarización: Eje Y

MEASUREMENT METHOD

INICTELINICTEL 1414Figure 2. Equipment utilized in Type 2 measurementsFigure 2. Equipment utilized in Type 2 measurements

Equipment utilized:Equipment utilized: Electromagnetic field Electromagnetic field

analyzeranalyzer 10 kHz-60 GHz10 kHz-60 GHz 300 kHz-40 GHz probe300 kHz-40 GHz probe Portable Pentium computerPortable Pentium computer

E M R - 3 0 0

F i b r a O p t i c a

L a p t o p

Esquema de Medición utilizando el Analizador de Campo Electromagnético

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RESULTSGraph 3. Average Public Exposure Coefficients by Service for Cuzco,

Huancayo, Ica, Iquitos, Trujillo

ServicesServices

Average byAverage by serviceservice

1.62

28.76

1.651 1.29

0.03 0.03 0.01

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

Exposure

coeff. (%

)

TV(2-6) (51-88MHz)

FM (88-108) MHz TV (7-13) (174-278) MHz

TV(14-69) (470-805) MHz

TRUNKING (850-869MHz)

CELULAR (850-894)MHz

PCS (BANDA A)(1930-1950) MHz

Service

Average by service

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View of the main RF radiation centersView of the main RF radiation centers

PHOTO 1: PHOTO 1: View from the top of Morro Solar, Chorrillos District, Lima, looking WestView from the top of Morro Solar, Chorrillos District, Lima, looking West

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PHOTO 2: PHOTO 2: View of the South Side of Morro Solar, in Chorrillos, LimaView of the South Side of Morro Solar, in Chorrillos, Lima

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On instructions from the Ministry of Transportation and On instructions from the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, INICTEL has made measurements of MF Communications, INICTEL has made measurements of MF radio stations in Lima and Cuzco. Graphs 4 and 5 show some radio stations in Lima and Cuzco. Graphs 4 and 5 show some of these results. of these results.

III. 2 EVALUATION OF MF/AM SOUND BROADCASTING

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Graph 4: Maximum Electrical Field Strength for All Stations, Measured at Different Distances (%)

829.20

509.77

278.05

48.7125.20 24.85 13.60

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

2 10 20 50 80 100 150

Measurement distance (m)

Ele

ctr

ical fi

eld

/MP

L (

%)

RESULTS

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Graph 5. Average magnetic field strength for all stations, measured at different distances

0.4572

0.1331

0.0741

0.0251 0.0234 0.0181 0.0124

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0.400

0.500

2 10 20 50 80 100 150

Measurement distance (m)

Ele

ctri

cal f

ield

(A

/m)

RESULTS

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III. 3 EVALUATION OF MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL

INICTEL has made measurements at 140 base INICTEL has made measurements at 140 base stations of Peru’s three mobile operators, totaling stations of Peru’s three mobile operators, totaling 380 measurement points for mobile services in the 380 measurement points for mobile services in the 800 MHz and 1900 MHz bands. 800 MHz and 1900 MHz bands.

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Public Exposure Coefficient in the 800 MHz Band with regard to the ICNIRP Standard (302 points)

0.0000001

0.0000010

0.0000100

0.0001000

0.0010000

0.0100000

0.1000000

1.0000000

10.0000000

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Points

Average level: 0.1271%

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Public Exposure Coefficient in the 1900 MHz Band with regard to the ICNIRP Standard (78 points)

0.000001

0.000010

0.000100

0.001000

0.010000

0.100000

1.000000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Points

Average level: 0.0483%

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Graph 4: Maximum Exposure Coefficient Values at the Cerro Camacho Base Station

598.

5

593.

5

201.

5

136.

5

22.4

20.8

2.6

3.8

3.8

1.4

1.50.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

600.0

700.0

0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 9.0 19.0 20.0

Measurement distance

Public

exp

osu

re c

oef

fici

ent (

%)

Serie1

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Graph 5: Public Exposure Coefficient vs. Distance at San Martin University Graph 5: Public Exposure Coefficient vs. Distance at San Martin University Base StationBase Station

0.000.00

0.100.10

0.200.20

0.300.30

0.400.40

0.500.50

0.600.60

0.700.70

0.800.80

00 2020 4040 6060 8080 100100 120120 140140 160160 180180

Measurement distanceMeasurement distance

Pu

blic e

xp

osu

re c

oeffi

cie

nt

Pu

blic e

xp

osu

re c

oeffi

cie

nt

(%)

(%

)

Max.Max. Max. Av.Max. Av.

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Graph 6: Average Public Exposure Coefficient by ServiceGraph 6: Average Public Exposure Coefficient by Service

0.09331

0.55080

0.01947 0.02801 0.038530.01546 0.00539

0.0000.000

0.1000.100

0.2000.200

0.3000.300

0.4000.400

0.5000.500

0.6000.600

TV VHF TV VHF (2-13)(2-13)

FMFM(88-108)Mhz(88-108)Mhz

TV UHFTV UHF(470-805)Mhz (470-805)Mhz

NEXTELNEXTEL(851-869) MHz(851-869) MHz

TELEFONICATELEFONICA(869-891) MHz(869-891) MHz

C. MOVILESC. MOVILES(880-890) MHz(880-890) MHz

TIMTIM(1930-1945) MHz(1930-1945) MHz

ServicesServices

Pu

blic e

xp

osu

re c

oeffi

cie

nt

Pu

blic e

xp

osu

re c

oeffi

cie

nt

(%

)(%

)

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Graph 7: Maximum Public Exposure Coefficient by ServiceGraph 7: Maximum Public Exposure Coefficient by Service

1.49652

3.58874

0.50045

0.197640.37143

0.08426 0.05602

0.00.0

0.50.5

1.01.0

1.51.5

2.02.0

2.52.5

3.03.0

3.53.5

4.04.0

TV VHF TV VHF (2-13)(2-13)

FMFM(88-108)Mhz(88-108)Mhz

TV UHFTV UHF(470-805)Mhz (470-805)Mhz

NEXTELNEXTEL(851-869) MHz(851-869) MHz

TELEFONICATELEFONICA(869-891) MHz(869-891) MHz

C. MOVILESC. MOVILES(880-890) MHz(880-890) MHz

TIMTIM(1930-1945) MHz(1930-1945) MHz

ServicesServices

Pu

blic e

xp

osu

re c

oeffi

cie

nt

Pu

blic e

xp

osu

re c

oeffi

cie

nt

(%)

(%)

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EVALUATION OF MOBILE TELEPHONES

Utilizing the Ministry of Transportation and Communications’ list of approved equipment, a list of the 367 types of mobile telephones utilized in Peru was drawn up, and, utilizing information contained in international web pages, such as: http://www.sarvalues.com and http://www.mnfai.org, among others, the specific absorption rate (SAR) was obtained of the mobile telephones utilized in Peru, and exposure coefficients were calculated for a total of 205 mobile telephones.

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Mobile telephone maximum exposure levels are much higher than those of base stations.

All mobile telephones authorized for use in Peru comply with the ICNIRP maximum permissible SAR limits.

The exposure coefficient listed in each case is the maximum obtainable with the device.

In most cases, to establish a connection, only a fraction of the maximum is required, as mobile phones are designed to work with the minimum power required to reach the mobile network.

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ManufacturerManufacturer ModelModel Exp. Coeff. (%)Exp. Coeff. (%)

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•The ICNIRP Non-ionizing Radiation Exposure The ICNIRP Non-ionizing Radiation Exposure Recommendations are accepted by the WHO, the ILO, and the Recommendations are accepted by the WHO, the ILO, and the ITU. They are the same standards as those implemented in many ITU. They are the same standards as those implemented in many countries worldwide. After a process of bringing its standards countries worldwide. After a process of bringing its standards and maximum permissible limits into line, Peru has accepted said and maximum permissible limits into line, Peru has accepted said recommendations as environmental quality standards and recommendations as environmental quality standards and maximum permissible limits for telecommunication activities.maximum permissible limits for telecommunication activities.

•The national evaluation showed that the vast majority of values The national evaluation showed that the vast majority of values measured comply with the ICNIRP public exposure measured comply with the ICNIRP public exposure recommendations. Of a total of 174 measurement points, only recommendations. Of a total of 174 measurement points, only nine points on Morro Solar exceeded the MPL, that is, 5.2%.nine points on Morro Solar exceeded the MPL, that is, 5.2%.

V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

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• The maximum values of electrical fields generated by mobile The maximum values of electrical fields generated by mobile services are relatively low, of the order of 5 V/m (1.5% of the ICNIRP services are relatively low, of the order of 5 V/m (1.5% of the ICNIRP

recommendations). These values are much lower than the maximum recommendations). These values are much lower than the maximum values found in broadcasting and are consistent with values measured values found in broadcasting and are consistent with values measured in other countries, such as in Belgium, Spain, and the United Kingdom.in other countries, such as in Belgium, Spain, and the United Kingdom.

• As regards geographic distribution, the city with the highest levels of As regards geographic distribution, the city with the highest levels of both electrical field strength and public exposure is Lima, on Morro both electrical field strength and public exposure is Lima, on Morro Solar in Chorrillos District, where points exceeding the ICNIRP Solar in Chorrillos District, where points exceeding the ICNIRP maximum recommended public exposure limits may be found. This maximum recommended public exposure limits may be found. This site is followed by Mount Picchu, in Cuzco, where points of up to 60% site is followed by Mount Picchu, in Cuzco, where points of up to 60% of the maximum permissible public exposure limits may be found.of the maximum permissible public exposure limits may be found.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSCONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

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• Measurements of MF sound broadcasting stations yield relatively Measurements of MF sound broadcasting stations yield relatively high public exposure values. This is currently the case for station high public exposure values. This is currently the case for station engineers and guards who do not know how much exposure they engineers and guards who do not know how much exposure they are receiving and do not necessarily have access to company-are receiving and do not necessarily have access to company-provided medical care. However, this situation can be overcome by provided medical care. However, this situation can be overcome by utilizing workplace exposure limits, resolving these problems.utilizing workplace exposure limits, resolving these problems.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSCONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

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• At our current state of knowledge, and taking account of research At our current state of knowledge, and taking account of research on effects carried out under the WHO International Electromagnetic on effects carried out under the WHO International Electromagnetic Field Project, and measurements made by different countries Field Project, and measurements made by different countries worldwide, the evaluation showed that the risk of the effects of worldwide, the evaluation showed that the risk of the effects of mobile telecommunication base stations is not significant. However, mobile telecommunication base stations is not significant. However, studies of mobile telephones under way worldwide must be followed studies of mobile telephones under way worldwide must be followed very closely – especially those conducted in the framework of the very closely – especially those conducted in the framework of the International Electromagnetic Field Project – and precautionary International Electromagnetic Field Project – and precautionary policies applied. policies applied.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSCONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

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• It is recommended that buildings where mobile stations are It is recommended that buildings where mobile stations are installed be fenced off to prevent access to antenna areas. installed be fenced off to prevent access to antenna areas.

• In addition to the problem of perception of NIR, installation of base In addition to the problem of perception of NIR, installation of base stations implies other environmental impacts that must be taken into stations implies other environmental impacts that must be taken into account, such as visual impact, excessive weight of the structure on account, such as visual impact, excessive weight of the structure on its lot, and others. Accordingly, it is recommended to co-locate its lot, and others. Accordingly, it is recommended to co-locate mobile stations, since this will not detract from compliance with the mobile stations, since this will not detract from compliance with the ICNIRP standards but will mitigate environmental impact aspects.ICNIRP standards but will mitigate environmental impact aspects.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSCONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

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CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSCONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

In general, the problem of non-ionizing radiation from In general, the problem of non-ionizing radiation from telecommunications is essentially one of perception of risk. telecommunications is essentially one of perception of risk.

To manage public concern, it is recommended to conduct an To manage public concern, it is recommended to conduct an ongoing mass media campaign on the topic of NIR, in order to ongoing mass media campaign on the topic of NIR, in order to avoid misperceptions of risk, and to implement precautionary avoid misperceptions of risk, and to implement precautionary policies consistent with the likelihood and scale of potential policies consistent with the likelihood and scale of potential harm. harm.

Lastly, it is recommended to establish an interdisciplinary team Lastly, it is recommended to establish an interdisciplinary team of experts on NIR who can issue reliable views and advise the of experts on NIR who can issue reliable views and advise the general public and the government. general public and the government.

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THANK YOU VERY MUCHTHANK YOU VERY MUCH