inland peloponnesus most powerful descendants of dorians lived military based life
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Inland
Peloponnesus
Most powerful
Descendants of Dorians
Lived military based life
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Slave workers from conquered lands owned by Sparta
4:1 Helots to citizens
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War time:
2 kings from different families
Shared authority
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Peace time:
Oligarchy
30 elders older than 60
Proposed laws to assembly
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Law making group
Adult male citizens
Passed laws of elders
Elected ephors
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5 wealthy landowners
Took care of
everyday governing
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Boys
Age 7 sent to training camps
Age 18 began 4 years of military training
Ages 20 – 30 allowed to marry
Age 30 became a citizen
Age 60 time as active soldier ended
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Girls
Trained to be strong
More freedom than in other city-states
Highly respected
Handled household
Raised children
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Everyone
Travel and trade discouraged
Dressed plainly
Simple meals
Strong sense of honor
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On harbor off Aegean Sea
Many trading partners
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683 BC oligarchy replaced monarchy
No written laws until 620 BC
(Draco)
600 BC many in debt, forced into
slavery
594 BC Solon brought reforms
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Lawmaker
Wrote first written laws for Athens
Laws were very harsh
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Respected and fair leader
Authority to deal with debt crisis
Made reforms (changes)
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Canceled all debts
Freed all who had put themselves into slavery
Replaced harsh Draconian laws
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Rights based on wealth, not birth
Male citizens divided into 4 classes
All males could attend assembly
Council (400 citizens) established to support assembly
Majority rule
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Boys
7 – 14 spent day in school
After 14 wealthy had private tutor
Learned father’s trade
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Girls
Studied at home
In charge of home life
Learned spinning, cooking, etc.
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Slaves
1/3 of Athens
Many educated
No rights
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5oos BC Mesopotamia
Cyrus II (Cyrus the Great) began the empire
Cambyses added Egypt
Darius I made the empire the largest in history
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Empire divided into 20 regions
Each had governor
Built a 1,500 mile road to connect empire
Wanted to control all Greek city-states
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Feared the Persians and Athens
Sparta created a league (group of allies)
Peloponnesian League
•Formed to protect members
•Became large fighting force
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