innovation ecosystem: informational evaluation of ... · e-mail: [email protected] tel: 55...

European Journal of Scientific Research

ISSN 1450-216X / 1450-202X Vol. 147 No 4 November, 2017, pp. 378-388

http://www. europeanjournalofscientificresearch.com

Innovation Ecosystem: Informational

Evaluation of Recurrence in an Index Base

Aline Bianca Zanoni Post-Graduate Program in Urban Management (PPGTU)

Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná

(PUCPR – Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná)

Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

E-mail: [email protected]

Tel: 55 41 99994-4984

Rafaela Aparecida de Almeida Post-Graduate Program in Urban Management (PPGTU)





Tel: 55 41 99956-9651

Letícia Peret Antunes Hardt Post-Graduate Program in Urban Management (PPGTU)





Tel: 55 41 999719858

Abstract

The present article aims at identifying the occurrence of the term ‘innovation

ecosystem’ and its connection networks in the specific context of the Google Scholar

Index. In order to achieve this objective, the data were submitted to the UCINET software

to generate grids and links. The methodology used was based on classics criteria, which is

characterized by descriptive, qualitative, outlined, non-experimental, and bibliographic

forms. The variables studied – keywords, authors, and repositories – showed differentiated

results that indicate dispersion, specifically in the search of the keywords, whose

conformation was presented with low linkages. On the other hand, the variable ‘repository’

demonstrated connections and network structure, earning centrality in the productions on

the theme, considering the specific base of the research.

Keywords: Technological environments, Scientific production, Indexed works,

Connection network analysis, Infometrics.

Innovation Ecosystem: Informational Evaluation of Recurrence in an Index Base 379

Introduction In an innovative organizational context, it is possible to perceive the dependence of a relational

network between companies, allowing the advancement of scientific research aimed at discoveries,

which in turn can become an innovation and capture value from them (Gow, Oliver and Gow, 2008).

Corporations need structures that transcend geographical boundaries, bounded by clusters, because

newness is a dynamic construction, and in high technology sectors it is not created in isolated form

(Fagerberg, Martin and Andersen, 2013). This locus was denominated ‘innovation ecosystem’ that,

according to Adner (2006), comprises a collaborative arrangement which the enterprises combine their

solutions orientated to the consumers. Still in this context, Niosi (2005) quote that the innovative

production is polarized in a group of few industrialized countries, largely due to public policies aimed

at it, which have supported innovation systems at various levels, such as Japan and USA (Fukuda and

Watanabe, 2008; Ferasso and Gimenez, 2015).

Conceptually, the innovation ecosystem is more comprehensive and flexible because it deals

spaces designed to contribute to the formation and growth of companies based on the knowledge. They

are also characterized as spaces conducive to innovative entrepreneurship (Krama, 2014). Thus, it has

its structuring axis in the socially responsible and competitive regional development focused on a

globalized economy, as well as the promotion of conditions for local creation, attraction, installation

and expansion of innovative enterprises (Lemos, 2011; Krama, 2014; Ferasso and Gimenez, 2015).

On the other hand, global innovation networks emerged as a new approach to the study of

geography, initially based on universities (Lemos, 2011; Ferasso and Gimenez, 2015), thus, its origin

lies in the universal flows of experience, circulating among globally dispersed countries, firms and

small suppliers, such as engineers, product developers and research activities (Zahra and Nambisan,

2011; Parrilli, Nadvi and Yeung, 2013; Ferasso and Gimenez, 2015). These global networks are

responsible for sustaining the competitiveness of globalized economic sectors, as well as being

considered as the result of an evolutionary, non-linear and crisis-generation process (Cooke, 2013).

In this theoretical context, the central problem of this research is to identify, in the index base

Google Scholar, the coupling of the variables surveyed, as well as the possible formation of a citation

network about the ecosystem innovation theme. The restlessness is also justified by the curiosity to

analyse points of convergence or dispersion of academic production on a free basis of unrestricted

access.

The methodological proposition of this study is constituted by means of an applied nature

approach of a circumstantial theoretical reality, with emphasis on the deductive method, favored by the

bibliographical and documentary survey. The purpose of this research is to establish linking elements

for the formation of networks or points of dispersion of said base, using for that purpose, the

elaboration of cross tables and the application of specific software for the nets construction.

2. Previous Research In this chapter are presented the concepts used that subsidize the understanding adopted for the

researched topic on the basis of specific indexing.

2.1 Innovation Ecosystems

According to the definition of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD,

1997), an innovation is a new or significantly improved product, service, process or method in the

practices organization of the workplace or in external relations. In addition, in accordance with the

same source, innovative activities are scientific, technological, organizational, financial and

commercial steps that lead to its implementation.

It is worth stressing the importance of considering innovation from a broad perspective, focused

on interactive processes of knowledge exchange between companies and other organizations. In this

sense, the experience economy and the innovation dynamics nurture a relationship of mutual cause and

380 Aline Bianca Zanoni, Rafaela Aparecida de Almeida and Letícia Peret Antunes Hardt

effect, becoming a force for economic growth, social development, and competitiveness, not only in

industrial and business systems, but also in urban environments. In this case, innovative solutions can

be considered as a strategic asset to improve concurrence in the marketplace or promote regional and

national socioeconomic evolution (OECD 1997; Spinosa et al., 2015).

In this context, an ecosystem can be understood as a way of highlighting the interdependence of

actors who seek a common goal within a perceived opportunity and may be the result of a joint effort

by various actors such as universities, schools or business, funding agencies or political managers. The

union of the intents of these agents can be taken as a strategy capable of aligning knowledge

production and innovation in a harmonious way for social and economic development (Spinosa et al.,

2015; Ikenami, 2016).

The environments called ‘innovation ecosystems’ are spaces with characteristics conducive to

the continuous development of productive practices, in exchange of knowledge and synergy between

the actors involved, thus allowing innovative solutions to occur according to a process sustained in a

given territory. This creative medium allows a greater interaction of the agents at the local level and is

cited within the literature, more usually as technology, science, innovation or business parks (Krama,

2014). The scientific and technological universities and institutions, in turn, collaborate for innovation

ecosystems, transferring the knowledge they produce to organizations and society itself through

specialized technical training systems, research bases, or reservoirs public of technical expertise

(OECD, 1997; Spinosa et al, 2015).

In this context, innovation ecosystems are an option for strategic development, contributing to

competitiveness in a knowledge-based economy. In long-range conception, they are linked to

innovation policies. On the other hand, these are connected to the performance of public power, with

the purpose of encouraging the production, diffusion and use of creative practices, aiming at

socioeconomic development, involving, therefore, an integrated effort of the government, academia

and companies, the so-called triple propeller (Viotti, 2008; Borras and Edquist, 2013; Krama, 2014;

Spinosa et al., 2015).

2.2 Network Analysis

A social network can be understood as a structure of society composed of individuals (or

organizations) that are called ‘we’ and are interconnected by specific relations of interdependence

between them. Its analysis perceives associations through a net composed of nodes – individual actors

– and ties, or links – connections between them (Wasserman and Faust, 1999). Still in the same

context, the nodes can represent the organizations and the links can express the social relations and

interdependence between those (Muniz, 2010).

The main characteristic of a network is its function of the connectivity between the actors and

the way they exchange resources, such as data, information, products or services (Muniz, 2010). Each

permutation can be considered as a relationship in the social network that constitutes the elements that

connect the nodes. When expressed through net and represented by means of graphs such relations can

be seen as links between the actors and depending on the strength and intensity of their connections,

they can vary from fragile to extremely strong (Procopiuck, 2007).

The mapping of the information flows exchanged between the actors, through their

connections, allows the analysis of behavioral patterns of those involved. The use of graphs, among the

main tools used in social network analysis approaches, allows the quick visualization of the

configurations and relations between certain points. In this methodology, the nodes are identified as

actuators and the links as connections thus allowing the visualization of the degree of connectivity of

them (Muniz, 2010).

In linking network theory to ecosystems, Ikenami (2016) points out that although both act in the

same context, they differ in their purpose, since that theoretical conjuncture proposes to analyze the

behavior of the actors in an attempt to predict future movements. The ecosystem, however, seeks to

formalize its processes by defining the roles of each node and their importance within a net.


Nonetheless, the ecosystem can take hold of the concepts of that theory, which will serve to structure

it. Through the interconnections of the actors that form an ecosystem, it is possible to indicate

influence positions or relationships and levels of connectivity within it, in addition to identifying what

is more relevant in the process.

3. Research Method The methodological proposal of the research about innovation ecosystem is constituted through an

approach of an applied nature of a circumstantial theoretical reality, with emphasis on the deductive

method, favored by the bibliographical and documentary survey (Marconi and Lakatos, 2010). Thus,

starting from the different perspectives of methods classification, in this article were adopted the

classic criteria established by Gil (2010), based in their nature, the approach to the problem, the

objectives and technical procedures.

Considering the nature, the present research is classified as applied descriptive, since it aims to

generate knowledge in a delimited theoretical scenario. Its way of approaching the problem is

characterized as qualitative, delineated by non-experimental procedures and of bibliographic character.

The adopted research procedures were applied with the purpose of identifying and recovering

the occurrence of the term ‘innovation ecosystem’ and its variables, to identify the formation of

networks or convergence bridges in the Google Scholar Index base in the period from 2011 to 2016.

For to identify connections and the net formation in the collected data, it was used the software of

University of California Irvine named ‘UCINET’, a package for the analysis of data of social networks,

that includes the visualization tool of NetDraw (Teixeira, 2015) and has been used by researchers and

companies to develop this kind of studies, specifically in organizational investigations to identify the

occurrence of connections and nets, in a specific database.

3.1 Data Sources

In this work, the analyzed index was chosen for convenience, because it represents free and open

access means of communication and for researchers, authors, and students of the theme of the

innovation ecosystem in Brazil, whose research was conducted exclusively with the terms in

Portuguese. The data collected are indexed in a specific and intentional five-year consultation period

from 2011 to 2016. The intentionality of the temporal cut is in agreement with the classical statistical

criteria adopted, however, it should be emphasized that the chosen time may influence in the indexer

evaluation.

The element indicative of the presence of the subject, in the Google Scholar Index, was defined

by the demand of the following variables in the indexed works: keywords, authors, and repositories.

Regarding the conduct of the study, a certain difficulty was encountered with reference to the

identification and collect of the data, since the verification of all published articles according to the

established criteria led to the individual analysis of the same, which, in turn, composed a worksheet for

initial tabulation. The data collected and tabulated for each article identified in the database were

submitted to the UCINET software, in order to identify possible networks or convergence in said base.

4. Results Discussion

The data collection procedure resulted in a cross-worksheet, indicating the variables studied, which

was preliminarily adjusted, so that each research activities on the index base returned with the

respective indication of the cited three variables. In this way, a database was generated relating

different authors, with their respective works and keywords of their indexed texts, as well as the names

of the repositories in which they are located.

After treatment of the tables generated by the informational interpretation of these data, they

were submitted to the UCINET software, previously described, in order to find, in the base searched,

382

indicatives of convergence, dispersion, or pattern of scientific behavior. As results of the combinations

and associations, it was presented an inter

structures of contact and rupture betw

the present study: the dispersion indicated by the isolated variables, or even with only one connection,

and the network concentration and conformation for a specific group of variables.

Source

Notes:

analysis

as they do not present convergence or nodes in the consulted database. The consoli

phenomenon, lack of connection in the key words for the subject studied, is evidenced and

characterized by the number of unconnected points. In this context, it is recorded that it is not the

object of this study to raise the motivators of t

connection, isolation, and network conformation marks. The dispersion or isolation

382






Figure 1: Diagram of connection network for innovation ecosystems generated with the three study variables

Sources: Prepared on the basis of ALTEC (2015); ANPROTEC (2016); APDR (2016); FCMFMPEP (2016); FEPESE

(2016); FUNDACE (2016); PUC

(2016); UFMG (2016);

(2016); UNINOVE (2016)

Notes:

Repository

Keyword

Translation of terms on Figure 1

Innovation Environment; Capacidade de Inovação

Capabilities; Capital Institucional

Creative Class;

Communication; Desenvolvimento Territorial

Ecossis

Empreendedorismo Social

Jornalismo

Management; Governança Hídrida

de Empresas

Informação

Innovation; Inovação Tecnológica

Investidores Anjos

Planning

Resiliência

As commented

analysis (keywords), point to a dispersion of the researched theme of the innovation ecosystem, insofar






Aline Bianca Zanoni, Rafaela Aparecida de Almeida and Letícia Peret Antunes Hardt






Diagram of connection network for innovation ecosystems generated with the three study variables

: Prepared on the basis of ALTEC (2015); ANPROTEC (2016); APDR (2016); FCMFMPEP (2016); FEPESE

(2016); FUNDACE (2016); PUC

(2016); UFMG (2016);

(2016); UNINOVE (2016)

Repository

Keyword



Capabilities; Capital Institucional

Creative Class; Cocriação de Valor


stema Empreendedor

Empreendedorismo Social

Jornalismo: Teaching Journalism; Fatores Estratégicos

Management; Governança Hídrida

de Empresas: Business Incubator; Incubadoras

rmação: Information; Inovação

Innovation; Inovação Tecnológica

Investidores Anjos:

Planning; Plataformas Tecnológicas

Resiliência: Resilience; Sociedade do Conhecimento

commented before

keywords), point to a dispersion of the researched theme of the innovation ecosystem, insofar














(2016); FUNDACE (2016); PUC-

(2016); UFMG (2016); UFRGS (2016);

(2016); UNINOVE (2016); USP (2016);

Translation of terms on Figure 1 –


Capabilities; Capital Institucional:

criação de Valor


a Empreendedor: Entrepreneurial Ecosystem; Ecossistemas de Inovação

Empreendedorismo Social: Social Entrepreneurship;

Teaching Journalism; Fatores Estratégicos

Management; Governança Hídrida:

Business Incubator; Incubadoras

Information; Inovação

Innovation; Inovação Tecnológica:

Angel Investors; Parque Tec

; Plataformas Tecnológicas

esilience; Sociedade do Conhecimento

before, the isolation criterion or a connection









and associations, it was presented an inter-relation diagram represented by Figure 1, which shows the

structures of contact and rupture between the different elements surveyed. Two elements stand out for





-Rio (2016); PUCRS (2

GS (2016); UFSC (2016); UFSCAR (2016); ULUSOFONA (2016); UMINHO

USP (2016);

– Administração de Em


: Institutional Capital; Cidades Inteligentes

criação de Valor: Value Co-Creation

Communication; Desenvolvimento Territorial: Territorial Development; Economia Criativa

Entrepreneurial Ecosystem; Ecossistemas de Inovação

Social Entrepreneurship;

Teaching Journalism; Fatores Estratégicos

Hybrid Governance; Habitats de Informação

Business Incubator; Incubadoras:

Information; Inovação: Innovation;

Tecnologic Innovation;

Angel Investors; Parque Tec

; Plataformas Tecnológicas: Technological Platforms; Processos de Inovação

esilience; Sociedade do Conhecimento

isolation criterion or a connection





object of this study to raise the motivators of the occurrences, but rather to point out their structurally




relation diagram represented by Figure 1, which shows the

een the different elements surveyed. Two elements stand out for





Rio (2016); PUCRS (2016); ResearchGATE (2016); SciELO (2016); UCS

UFSC (2016); UFSCAR (2016); ULUSOFONA (2016); UMINHO

Administração de Empresas:

Innovation Environment; Capacidade de Inovação: Capacity for Innovation; Capacidades Dinâmicas

Institutional Capital; Cidades Inteligentes

Creation; Comunicação Interorganizacional

Territorial Development; Economia Criativa


Social Entrepreneurship; Empreendedorismo

Teaching Journalism; Fatores Estratégicos: Strategic Fa


: Incubators; Indicadores de Inovação

: Innovation; Inovação Aberta

Innovation; Inovações Tecnológicas

Angel Investors; Parque Tecnológico: Technologic Park; Planejamento Urbano

Technological Platforms; Processos de Inovação

esilience; Sociedade do Conhecimento: Knowledge Society

isolation criterion or a connection





he occurrences, but rather to point out their structurally










016); ResearchGATE (2016); SciELO (2016); UCS


presas: Business Management; Ambiente de Inovação

Capacity for Innovation; Capacidades Dinâmicas


; Comunicação Interorganizacional



Empreendedorismo

Strategic Factors; Gestão da Inovação


Incubators; Indicadores de Inovação

Inovação Aberta: Open Inno

Inovações Tecnológicas

Technologic Park; Planejamento Urbano

Technological Platforms; Processos de Inovação

Knowledge Society

isolation criterion or a connection,

















Business Management; Ambiente de Inovação

Capacity for Innovation; Capacidades Dinâmicas

Institutional Capital; Cidades Inteligentes: Smart Cities; Classe Criativa

; Comunicação Interorganizacional


Entrepreneurial Ecosystem; Ecossistemas de Inovação: Innovation

Empreendedorismo: Entrepreneurship; Ensino de

ctors; Gestão da Inovação

Hybrid Governance; Habitats de Informação: Information Habitats; Incubadora

Incubators; Indicadores de Inovação: Innovation Indicators;

Open Innovation; Inovação Social

Inovações Tecnológicas: Technological Innovations;

Technologic Park; Planejamento Urbano

Technological Platforms; Processos de Inovação: Innovation Processes;

as the first topic of
















Business Management; Ambiente de Inovação

Capacity for Innovation; Capacidades Dinâmicas: Dynamic

Smart Cities; Classe Criativa

; Comunicação Interorganizacional: Interorganizational

Territorial Development; Economia Criativa: Creative Economy;

: Innovation Ecosystems;

Entrepreneurship; Ensino de

ctors; Gestão da Inovação: Innovation

Information Habitats; Incubadora

Innovation Indicators;

Inovação Social:

Technological Innovations;

Technologic Park; Planejamento Urbano:

Innovation Processes;

as the first topic of variables


as they do not present convergence or nodes in the consulted database. The consolidation of this




represents the low










Business Management; Ambiente de Inovação:

Dynamic

Smart Cities; Classe Criativa:

Interorganizational

Creative Economy;

Ecosystems;

Entrepreneurship; Ensino de

Innovation

Information Habitats; Incubadora

Innovation Indicators;

: Social

Technological Innovations;

: Urban

Innovation Processes;

variables


dation of this




represents the low


convergence of the keywords searched in the published works and, in this way, a dispersion of the

theme that does not present links or convergent points.

This time, it was identified in the indexed and researched works, that there are different topics

addressed, however, attributed to the innovation ecosystem. This condition, the dispersion of the

subjects, may indicate that the aforementioned theme is still under construction, as diagnosed by

Spinosa et al. (2015), without the presence of structuring and convergent axes of support and coupling.

Figure 2, resulting from the application of the software UCINET and the visualization tool of

NetDraw, represents the infometry of the said dispersion in the base, through its diverse themes in

different works related to its repositories.

Figure 2: Diagram of dispersion of the researched themes

Sources: Prepared on the basis of ANPROTEC (2016); PUCRS (2016); FCMFMPEP (2016); UCS (2016); UFSC (2016);

ULUSOFONA (2016); UNINOVE (2016).

Notes:

Repository

Keyword

Translation of terms on Figure 2 – Administração de Empresas: Business Administration; Cocriação de Valor:

Value Co-Creation; Gestão da Inovação: Innovation Management; Governança Híbrida: Hybrid Governance;

Habitats de Informação: Innovation Habitats; Incubadoras: Incubators; Incubadora de Empresas: Business

Incubator; Informação: Information; Inovação: Innovations; Parque Tecnológico: Technologic Park; Resiliência:

Resilience; Sociedade do Conhecimento: Knowledge Society

The dispersion or isolation of the themes represents a misunderstanding in the respective works

indexed in the research base, insofar as they do not coincide with their predecessors or successors of

the same line. This feature of isolation or dispersion corroborates with the understanding of the lack of

thematic convergence in the publications attributed to the innovation ecosystem (CTR, 2017).

Considering the network conformation criterion, as the second topic of analysis, the database

submitted to the same software, previously described, presented in its repository, the indicative of

confluence for a net structure. In its convergence model, Figure 3 shows highlights based on the

interpretation of the recidivism of the repositories in which the works on the theme are virtually

deposited. In this analytical context, there is a tendency of choice, in particular the Fundação para

Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento da Administração, Contabilidade e Economia (FUNDACE – Foundation

for Research and Development of Administration, Accounting and Economics), as the place of

384

preference of submission of the articles, referring to

be remembered that this foundation is linked to the University of São Paulo

São Paulo)

universities

Sources:

Notes:

of the total of works indexed in

the periodical for the submission of works of this research, from 2011 to 2016.On the other hand, the

Genesis repository, under the d

RJ

384



São Paulo), which occupies the highest

universities (QS, 2017).

Sources: Prepared on the basis of ALTEC (2015);

(2016); SciELO (2016);

Notes:

Repository

Keyword



Territorial

Entrepreneurship; Empreendedorismo Social

Journalism; Fatores Estratégicos

Innovation; Inovação Aberta

Inovação

Considering the works surveyed in the




RJ – Pontifícia Universidade Católica




, which occupies the highest

(QS, 2017).

Figure 3

Prepared on the basis of ALTEC (2015);

(2016); SciELO (2016);

Repository

Keyword



Territorial: Territorial Development; Ecossistemas de Inovação


Journalism; Fatores Estratégicos

Innovation; Inovação Aberta

Inovação: Innovation Processes





cia Universidade Católica




, which occupies the highest

Figure 3: Diagram of convergence of the repository variables

Prepared on the basis of ALTEC (2015);

(2016); SciELO (2016); UFMG (2016);



al Development; Ecossistemas de Inovação


Journalism; Fatores Estratégicos: Strategic Factors; Indicadores de Inovaç

Innovation; Inovação Aberta: Open Innovation; Plataformas Tecnológicas

Innovation Processes


of the total of works indexed in its base


Genesis repository, under the domination of the

cia Universidade Católica




, which occupies the highest position

Diagram of convergence of the repository variables

Prepared on the basis of ALTEC (2015); FEPESE (2016); FUNDACE (2016);

UFMG (2016); UFSC (2016); UMINHO (2016); USP (2016).

Translation of terms on Figure 3 – Capacidades Dinâmicas

Institutional Capital; Cidades Inteligentes: Smart Cities; Classe Criativa


Entrepreneurship; Empreendedorismo Social:

Strategic Factors; Indicadores de Inovaç

Open Innovation; Plataformas Tecnológicas

Considering the works surveyed in the indexation database, said foundation

base. This percentage demonstrates the convergence in the choice of


omination of the Pontifical Catholic University

cia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro),


preference of submission of the articles, referring to the main


position relative to Brazil in the international ranking of


FEPESE (2016); FUNDACE (2016);

UFSC (2016); UMINHO (2016); USP (2016).

Capacidades Dinâmicas

Smart Cities; Classe Criativa


Social Entrepreneurship; Ensino de Jornalismo

Strategic Factors; Indicadores de Inovaç

Open Innovation; Plataformas Tecnológicas

indexation database, said foundation

. This percentage demonstrates the convergence in the choice of


Pontifical Catholic University

do Rio de Janeiro), accounts for 11% of the total work indexed


the main thematic


relative to Brazil in the international ranking of


FEPESE (2016); FUNDACE (2016);

UFSC (2016); UMINHO (2016); USP (2016).

Capacidades Dinâmicas: Dynamic Capabilities; Capital Institucional

Smart Cities; Classe Criativa:

al Development; Ecossistemas de Inovação: Innovation


Strategic Factors; Indicadores de Inovação

Open Innovation; Plataformas Tecnológicas: Technological Platforms; Processos de




Pontifical Catholic University

accounts for 11% of the total work indexed


of the present study

be remembered that this foundation is linked to the University of São Paulo (USP



FEPESE (2016); FUNDACE (2016); PUC-Rio (2016); ResearchGATE

UFSC (2016); UMINHO (2016); USP (2016).

Dynamic Capabilities; Capital Institucional

Creative Class; Desenvolvimento

: Innovation Ecosystems; Empreendedorismo


ão: Innovation Indicators; Inovação

Technological Platforms; Processos de




Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC



he present study. It should

(USP – Universidade de


Rio (2016); ResearchGATE

Dynamic Capabilities; Capital Institucional


Ecosystems; Empreendedorismo

Social Entrepreneurship; Ensino de Jornalismo: Teaching

Innovation Indicators; Inovação


indexation database, said foundation accounts for 21%



Rio de Janeiro (PUC



It should

Universidade de


Rio (2016); ResearchGATE

Dynamic Capabilities; Capital Institucional:


Ecosystems; Empreendedorismo:

Teaching

Innovation Indicators; Inovação:


accounts for 21%



Rio de Janeiro (PUC-


Innovation Ecosystem: Informational Evaluation of Recurrence in an Index Base

in the Google Scholar base

and Latin America leader in Industry Income

diagnosed in the scope of this article

appears.

Sources: Prepared on the basis of ALTEC (2015); FUNDACE (2016); PUC

(2016); UFSC (2016); UMINHO (2016)

Notes:

Repository

Keyword


Cities; Ecossistemas de Inovação: Innovation Ecosystems; Empreendedorismo: Entrepreneurship;

Empreendedorismo Social: Social Entrepreneurship; Fatores Estratégicos: Strategic Factors;

The keywords

elements of linkage

highlighted in Figure 4, that suggest their

is fundamental to note the importance of innovative solutions for most of the enterprises (Galuk et al.,

2016).

On the other hand, in the present research, the recurrence of the variables surv

the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) Index, that covers selected collections of several

international scientific journals and it is not part of the scope of this research; however, it appears in

the repository of


in the Google Scholar base



Figure 4

Prepared on the basis of ALTEC (2015); FUNDACE (2016); PUC

(2016); UFSC (2016); UMINHO (2016)

Repository

Keyword




The keywords

elements of linkage –






the repository of Google Scolar


in the Google Scholar base. PUC-



Figure 4: Diagram of


(2016); UFSC (2016); UMINHO (2016)




The keywords ‘entrepreneurship

– or convergence points






Google Scolar indexing criteria.


-RJ is the best placed in the ranking of private Braz

and Latin America leader in Industry Income (THE, 2017)

diagnosed in the scope of this article. Adding the two largest indexers, the network shown in Figure 4

Diagram of network formation through the repositories


(2016); UFSC (2016); UMINHO (2016).

Translation of terms on Figure 4 – Capacidades Dinâmicas: Dynamic Capabilities; Cidades Inteligentes: Smart



entrepreneurship’ and ‘innovation’, inserted in the theme of this study, are

or convergence points

highlighted in Figure 4, that suggest their relevance and frequency in the current interpretation. Thus, it





indexing criteria.


the best placed in the ranking of private Braz

(THE, 2017)

dding the two largest indexers, the network shown in Figure 4

network formation through the repositories


Capacidades Dinâmicas: Dynamic Capabilities; Cidades Inteligentes: Smart



and ‘innovation’, inserted in the theme of this study, are

or convergence points – of the repositories identified in the research, and

relevance and frequency in the current interpretation. Thus, it





indexing criteria.



(THE, 2017). Again, the relevance of university quality is



Prepared on the basis of ALTEC (2015); FUNDACE (2016); PUC-Rio (2016); ResearchGATE (2016); SciELO





of the repositories identified in the research, and








Again, the relevance of university quality is



Rio (2016); ResearchGATE (2016); SciELO











the best placed in the ranking of private Brazilian universities







Empreendedorismo Social: Social Entrepreneurship; Fatores Estratégicos: Strategic Factors; Inovação: Innovation





On the other hand, in the present research, the recurrence of the variables surveyed appears in



385

ilian universities






Inovação: Innovation





eyed appears in




5. Concluding Remarks

The research aimed to identify the occurrence of the term ‘innovation ecosystems’ and its connection

networks, authors, repositories and keywords, in the specific context of the Google Scholar Index base.

In order to reach the objective, the data were submitted to the software UCINET, with a view to the

formation of nodes and links. The methodology was based on classical criteria and its procedures

presented different preliminary results, since they indicated that there is dispersion, for the keyword

variables, that behaved with low interactions.

On the other hand, the search variable “repository” presented indicative of connections and

network structure, when crossing the keywords with their respective repository, obtaining the

indicative of centrality of the productions on the thematic ‘innovation ecosystem’. This is specifically

highlighted in the Fundace and Genesis-PUC-Rio repositories, related to important Brazilian

universities in the national and international situations.

Thus, it was possible to visualize the formation of a network structure and coupling between

repositories and keywords of the indexed productions in the Google Scholar base, establishing, also, a

central point, indicated by the term ‘entrepreneurial’, indexed in the first repository, which joins the

second. However, considering the complete context, the net formation code for the repositories, in

isolation, does not give the citation structure enough for a convergence evaluation in the researched

base, since all other variables behaved in a scattered manner.

In this way, it is concluded that the researched base, Google Scholar, did not present a

sufficient number of convergent structures, to assign a conformation of net structure. Therefore, it is

suggested that the theme is in construction and its publications, specifically on this basis, are partially

dispersed or with low coupling unit or network formation.

Acknowledgment To Prof. Dr. Luiz Márcio Spinosa, from Post-Graduate Program in Urban Management (PPGTU,

Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná – PUCPR – Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná) for

his teachings and scientific supports about the theme, and to Alex Volnei Teixeira, doctoral student in

the same program, for his contributions to the development of this article.

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