“innovation on advanced composite materials for civil engineering and architectural applications:...

“Innovation on advanced composite materials for civil engineering and

architectural applications: case studies”FIDIA S.r.l. – Technical Global Services

Web-Site: www.fidiaglobalservice.com - E-mail: [email protected]

DEVELOPING RESEARCH

University of Perugia

University of Bologna

Polytechnic of Milan

University of Lecce

University of Venice

University of Rome TRE

STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS

University of Padova

University of Cassino

University of Salerno

University of L’Aquila

University of PatrassoGreece

University of Valladolid

Spain

Labein Technology Research Center of

Bilbao Spain

University of Minho

Portogallo

University of BathUK

University of WroclawPoland

University of Missouri-Rolla

USA

University of MiamiUSA

University of SilesiaPoland

http://www.daur.unipd.it/

http://www.pwr.wroc.pl/en_main.xml

http://www.unisa.it/

ON GOING RESEARCH PROJECTS WITH ITALIAN UNIVERSITIES:University of Perugia Material characterization testsDurability testsStructural tests: diagonal compression, flexure, axial compression on masonry and wood.

University of PadovaMaterial characterization of various organic matrices (bio polymer) and non-organic, bonding tests (pull-off e direct shear) on various masonry substrates.

University of Cassino Bond tests (pull-off e direct shear) on various masonry substrates;

University of Roma tre Bond tests (pull-off e direct shear) on various masonry substrates;Diagonal compression tests;Structural tests on masonry walls under dynamic loading (shaking table) to verify the efficiency of a strengthening system to avoid out-of-plane failure.

University of Salento Bond tests (pull-off e direct shear) on various masonry substrates;Structural tests on masonry walls under in-plane and out-of-plane loading.

University of SalernoDynamic test on RC rectangular columns confined with SRP

ON GOING RESEARCH PROJECTS WITH FOREIGN UNIVERSITIES AND RESEARCH CENTERS:

SPAINLabein – Tecnalia

Strengthening of RC beams with various reinforcement solutions;Strengthening of glulam beams with steel fiber sheets;R&D of new matrices for the structural reinforcement with steel fiber sheets;

Universidad Politecnica de CatalunaStrengthening of masonry wall panels with various reinforcement solutions;

PORTUGALUniversity of Mino-Guimares

Strengthening of masonry wall panels with SRG-SRP;Bond tests of SRG-SRP (pull-off e direct shear);Durability tests on SRG-SRP.

GREECEUniversity of Patrasso

Strengthening of masonry wall panels with SRG-SRP;Bond tests of SRG-SRP (pull-off e direct shear);

POLONIASilesian University of Technology

Flexural – Torsion and Shear tests on RC beams strengthened with SRP e CFRP;

Wroclaw University of TechnologyStrengthening of masonry wall panels with SRG-SRP;Bond tests of SRG-SRP (pull-off e direct shear);

GERMANYUniversity of Hannover

Flexural tests on RC beams strengthened with SRP e CFRP;

UKUniversity of Bath

Strengthening of masonry arches with SRG - SRP;

SWIZERLANDEMPA

Material characterization and durability tests

ON GOING RESEARCH PROJECTS WITH FOREIGN UNIVERSITIES AND RESEARCH CENTERS (Cont.):

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH PROJECTS IN WHICH FIDIA IS INVOLVED:

Round Robin Test – RILEM Committee 223 Masonry Strengthening with Composites Bond test on masonry elements of various strengthening solutions with epoxy matrices (on going)

Project INSYM – Intelligent Systems of Structures Strengthening and Monitoring (financed)

Project TERREME – Tecnalia Labein SPAGNADevelopment of strengthening applications with composite materials with inorganic matrix and steel fiber sheets (completed)

Project MISENon-invasive strengthening techniques for the seismic protection of historical masonries (under approval by Italian government)

Project MISESteel and masonry vaults built between XIX and XX century: construction techniques, diagnosis and retrofit (under approval by Italian government)

All the completed and ongoing research will lead to an international technical publication :

MATERIAL & SYSTEMS

Mechanical Properties Comparison

FLAX

BASALT

HS-CARBON

UHTSSTEEL

Innovative Connectors

An innovative system to prestress composite

materials without mechanical anchorages

Active Strengthening - “Pretendi l’Italia”

(Patented)

“Pretendi l’Italia” (continue)

MOST SIGNIFICANT PROJECTS

Historical Masonry Structures

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Chiesa_san_gaetano_Padova.jpg

Structural Retrofit - Ex Cloister of SS. Trinità – (Orvieto)

Location: Orvieto - ItalyObjectives: Structural retrofit for rehabilation and transformation in high class hotel .Duration of work: 139 daysFibers installed and type of retrofit: Strengthening of vaults: 2050 sqm of vaults with 500 sqm of unidir glass fiber;Strengthening of ring curb beams with 300 sqm of UHTS steel fiber;Floor Interconnection and strengthening of arch portico with 196 m of pretensioned GFRP bars.

Structural Retrofit - Ex Cloister of SS. Trinità – (Orvieto)

Glass Fiber Sheets

Strengthening cross and barrel masonry vaults using unidirectional glass fiber sheets

Structural Retrofit - Ex Cloister of SS. Trinità – (Orvieto)Strengthening of ring curb beams using FIDSTEEL 3X2 12-12-500 steel fiber sheets

impregnated with epoxy (SRP)UHTSS Steel Fiber Sheets

Structural Retrofit - Ex Cloister of SS. Trinità – (Orvieto)Retrofit and consolidation of the Arch portico using pre-tensioned glass fiber bars.

Glass Fiber Bars

Seismic Upgrade – Generali Palace – (Florence)

Location: Florence- ItalyObjectives: Structural retrofit for seismic upgrade .Duration of work: 211 daysFibers installed and type of retrofit: Strengthening of straw soffit floors: 2000 sqm of floors with 8200 sqm of unidir flax fiber;Strengthening of floor timber joists with 1820 ml of pultruded glass profiles;Floor Interconnection and facade overturning prevention with 1450 sqm of carbon and UHTS steel fiber sheets.

http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Firenze.PiazzaSignoria02.JPG

Structural strengthening – Generali Palace – (Florence)Floor interconnection and façade overturning prevention

UHTSS Steel Fiber Sheets

UHTSS Steel Fiber Connectors

Structural strengthening – Generali Palace – (Florence)Strengthening and retrofitting of the straw soffits and timber joists

Glass Fiber Pultruded Profiles

Carbon Fiber Sheets

Flax Fiber Sheets

Structural strengthening – Salviati Palace – (Florence)New Historical Archive of the EU

Location: Florence- ItalyObjectives: Structural retrofit of a depressed barrel vault .Duration of work: 7 daysFibers installed and type of retrofit: Strengthening of the barrel vault: 30 sqm of unidir carbon fiber sheet;Strengthening of the frenum membrane wall with prestressed UHTS steel fiber sheet (1.5 tons);

- 0,92 - 0,90- 0,89

- 0,92 - 0,90- 0,89

- 0,31


Strengthening of the extrados of the barrel vaults using carbon fiber sheets


Strengthening of the frenum membrane wall using prestressed UHTS steel fibers

Reinforced Concrete Structures

University of L’Aquila - Faculty of Engineering – (L’Aquila)Strengthening and repairing of the masonry walls and RC circular columns

Location: L’Aquila- Italy (Earthquake April 2009)Objectives: Strengthening and repairing of façade walls and RC circular columns.Duration of work: 132 daysFibers installed and type of retrofit: For repairing façade walls: 2300 m of glass channel pultruded profiles, 2100 basalt connectors and 820 sqm of flax fiber;Wrapping top and bottom of RC circular columns with 200 sqm of UHTS steel fiber sheet;

University of L’Aquila - Faculty of Engineering – (L’Aquila)

Strengthening System

Glass Fibers Channel Pulltruded Profiles

Flax Fiber Sheets

Double Thread Basalt Fiber Connectors

Strengthening and repairing of the masonry façade walls to prevent overturning and improve out-of-plane stiffness and strength


Glass Fibers Pultruded ProfilesFlax Fiber Sheets




Flax Fiber Sheets



University of L’Aquila - Faculty of Engineering – (L’Aquila)Strengthening RC circular columns by wrapping using UHTS steel fiber sheets

University of L’Aquila - Faculty of Engineering – (L’Aquila)Experimental validation by dynamic testing of a masonry façade before and after

strengthening and repairing using composite systems

Installation of external and internal tri-axial geophones for determining vibration mode

shapes and deflection of the façade.



Geofono

SMAX

[mm]

G1 0,13

G2 0,17

G3 0,15

G4 0,09

G5 0,08

Deformation Before

Geofono

SMAX RINFORZO

[mm]

G1 0,08

G2 0,09

G3 0,07

G4 0,06

G5 0,05

Deformation After

Frequency of principal mode Before

Frequency of principal mode After

Seismic upgrade - CTO Careggi Hospital – (Florence)Seismic upgrade by wrapping column and beam column joints using carbon fibers

and UHTS steel fiber sheets for shear walls and columns with b/d >2

Carbon Fiber Sheets

Location: Florence - ItalyObjectives: Seismic upgrade of the RC frame structure.Duration of work: 281 daysFibers installed and type of retrofit:Beam-column joint wrapping with 1900 sqm of unidirectional carbon fiber sheets;Column wrapping up to 4 layers of carbon fiber sheet for a total of 8500 sqm;Wrapping of shear walls and rectangular columns with 1000 sqm of UHTS steel fiber sheet;

Seismic upgrade - CTO Careggi Hospital – (Florence)Seismic upgrade by wrapping columns with b/d >2 and shear walls with UHTS steel

fiber sheets – experimental validation

CNR-DT 200/2008 Design Guidelines

Seismic upgrade - CTO Careggi Hospital – (Florence)Seismic upgrade by wrapping columns with b/d >2 and shear walls with UHTS steel

fiber sheets – Shear and concrete confinement increase

cls co

nfina

to

Seismic upgrade - CTO Careggi Hospital – (Florence)

UHTSS Steel Fiber Sheets

Seismic upgrade by wrapping columns with b/d >2 and shear walls with UHTS steel fiber sheets

Seismic upgrade - CTO Careggi Hospital – (Florence)

UHTSS Steel Fiber Sheetsrs

Seismic upgrade by wrapping columns with b/d >2 and shear walls with UHTS steel fiber sheets

Fire Damaged Warehouse – DubaiRepair and strengthening of fire damaged RC columns and two-way slabs

Fire Damage

Location: Dubai - UAEObjectives: Repair and Strengthening of a fire damaged RC warehouse in construction.Duration of work: 20 days (including concrete repair)Fibers installed and type of retrofit:Flexural strengthening of the two-way slab with 310 sqm of UHTS steel fiber sheet medium density;Wrapping of most damaged columns with:

Galvanized low density UHTS steel (ext columns) – 37 sqm; Brass low density UHTS steel (int columns) – 37 sqm

Wrapping of less damaged columns (ext & int) with 60 sqm of basalt fiber sheets;

MEZZANINE FLOOR AT OFFICE AREA

EX

PA

NT

ION

JO

INT

EX

PA

NT

ION

JO

INT

EXPANTION JOINT

EX

PA

NT

ION

JO

INT

EXPANTION JOINT

LC O

F R

IDG

E

GROUND FLOOR LAYOUT & FIRE AFFECTED AREA

FIRE AFFECTED AREA

Fire Damaged Warehouse – Dubai

ZONE "B"

CROSS-SECTION OF THE SLAB

ZONE "A"

ZONE "A"

ZONE "B"

LEGEND

ZONE "A" : FIRE AFFECTEDAREA: LOW LEVELOF DAMAGE

AREAS INTERESTED BY FRP FLEXURAL RETROFIT OF THE SLABLAYOUT OF THE RETROFIT SYSTEM OF THE SLAB

FLEXURAL RETROFITTING:1 LAYER OF HIGH STRENGTHSTEEL FIBER SHEET - MEDIUMDENSITY - BRASS COATEDFIDSTEEL 3x2 - B 12-12-500.STRIPS 30cm WIDE @1m

ZONE "B" : FIRE AFFECTEDAREA: HIGH LEVELOF DAMAGE

CROSS-SECTION OF THE SLAB

FLEXURAL RETROFITTING:1 LAYER OF HIGH STRENGTHSTEEL FIBER SHEET - MEDIUMDENSITY - BRASS COATEDFIDSTEEL 3x2-B 12-12-500.STRIPS 45cm WIDE @1m


Flexural Strengthening of RC Two-way slabs

Repair and Strengthening of RC Two-Way slabs to restore flexural capacity

UHTS SteelFiber Sheets


Repair and Strengthening of RC columns to restore shear capacityBasalt Fiber Sheets

UHTSS SteelFiber Sheets


0

4000

8000

12000

16000

20000

24000

28000

0,00 0,25 0,50 0,75 1,00 1,25 1,50 1,75 2,00 2,25 2,50 2,75 3,00 3,25 3,50

Loa

d F

[daN

]

Displacement [mm]

Prima Dopo

Test Before Strengthening

Test After Strengthening

Cyclic Load Test

NDT testing for quality Installation control


Seismic upgrade - School – Taranto

UHTSS SteelFiber Sheets

Seismic upgrade - School – Taranto

Seismic upgrade – Sanofi Aventis – L’Aquila

Seismic upgrade – Scuola – S. Demetrio nei Vestini (AQ)

Seismic upgrade – Scuola – L’ Aquila

Strengthening and confinement of masonry vaults to realize a hole for elevator using

FIDSTEEL 3X2 12-12-500 fiber sheets impregnated with epoxy resin (SRP)

Contucci Palace in Montepulciano – Siena – (Tuscany)

Use of SRP sheets to wrap the hole

Strengthening and confinement of masonry vaults to realize a hole for elevator using

FIDSTEEL 3X2 12-12-500 fiber sheets impregnated with epoxy resin (SRP)

Contucci Palace in Montepulciano – Siena – (Tuscany)

Strengthening and Confinement of the masonry cupola using FIDCARBON and FIDSTEEL fiber sheets

San Gaetano Cupola – Padova – (Veneto)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Chiesa_san_gaetano_Padova.jpg

Strengthening of the masonry cupola using FIDSTEEL 3X2 12-12-500 fiber sheets and connectors impregnated with mortar

(SRG)



(SRG)

Connectors

Drilling

Injection

Inserting

Spreading

Impregnation



(SRG)

Connectors


Confinement of the masonry cupola using FIDCARBON fiber sheets


PATENTS

INNOVATIVE BLAST RETROFITTING SYSTEM BASED ON FRP & POLYUREA

An innovative system to prestress composite

materials without mechanical anchorages

Active Strengthening - “Pretendi l’Italia”

Italian Police Headquarters, Nassirya - Iraq (2003)

The ”E.S.D.R.” System

Devastating consequences of a blast charge on a masonry panel, built with clay bricks, strengthened with a grid of Aramid FRP sheets only.


E.S.D.R.Elastic Systems for Dynamic Retrofitting

The strengthening/protecting ESDR system has born from coupling/overlapping together advanced materials such as FRP

with a new material, Polyurea (a polyuretanic resin with an incredible toughness and deformability), with the double role

both of matrix for either aramid or steel fiber grids, and to improve the elasticity of the system.


F

v

FRP

Load (F) – Deformation (v) Plot


When the strengthening and dissipative layers break, reaching

their ultimate strength, the external layer made by solely

polyurea, will play its airbag role, by allowing large deformations

without breaking.


Laboratory Static Tests



0

30

60

90

120

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Displacement [mm]

Lo

ad [

kN]

Comparison between different Strengthening configurations.

Rupture of the AFRP sheetsDeflection of the wall

Deflection of the wall Delamination of the ESDR

Load-vs-Deflection Curve

Load-vs-Deflection Curve



0

30

60

90

120

150

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Displacement [mm]

Lo

ad [

kN]

Load-vs-Deflection CurveShear rupture of the AFRP anchorsDeflection of the wall

Comparison between different Strengthening configurations.


To simulate the same blast tests and pressure conditions of previous panels, with respect to the position of the pressure transducers, 3 blasts

have been performed over the transducers and 3 above the perpendicular of the centre of the panel (identical to previous tests).

This configuration has allowed to determine the peak overpressure above the transducer and also the effect of angle of incidence.

Blasts Sr.1 Blasts Sr.2

Pressure Transducers

10 cm

25 cm

25 cm

50 cm50 cm

25 cm

25 cm

80 cm

20 cm

Displacement Transducer

Blast Tests


Pressure transducers location on side walls of the blast roomPressure transducer positioned on the wall

Displacement transducer centered below the panel

Charge positioned above the pressure transducer

Blast TestsThe ”E.S.D.R.”

System

Blast Tests

RR

Positioning the charge at different stand-off distances.


Blast Tests PS0

Charge Weight (kg)

Stand-Off Distance (m) Damage Level

0.5 1 None

1 1 None

0.5 0.5 None

1 0.5 Marginal superficial scratch of few bricks

1.5 0.5 Marginal superficial damage of 6 bricks

1.5 0.25 Complete damage of central bricks (60x50 cm hole not passing)

1.5 0.25 Complete damage of central bricks (75x80 cm hole not passing)


Blast Tests PS1

www.tecinn.com – [email protected]

Charge Weight

(kg)

Stand-Off Distance

(m)Damage Level

1.5 0.25Complete damage of central bricks but not of the ESDR

strengthening system

AFRP Anchors in tension and holding the ESDR system together


Blast Tests PS2

Charge Weight

(kg)

Stand-Off Distance

(m)Damage Level

2 0.25Complete damage of central bricks but not of the ESDR strengthening

system

The ESDR system is not damaged and yet behaving elastically


Blast Tests PS3

Charge Weight

(kg)

Stand-Off Distance (m)

Damage Level

1.5 0.25Complete damage of entire masonry panel

with rupture of AFRP strengthening

Complete break through the masonry panel strengthened with only AFRP sheets.


INNOVATIVE DESK FOR SEISMIC PROTECTION

San Giuliano di Puglia School

Italy (2002)

Mariele Ventre in Pettino School

Aquila-Italy (2009)

“Safety Desk”

Common desk used in every Italian school made of steel and wood.

“Safety Desk”

?“Safety

Desk”

Static tests performed on assembled Common Desk

“Safety Desk”

Static tests performed on disassembled Common Desk

Frame Top

“Safety Desk”

Tests performed on the existing desks in use in school20kg impacting mass from 3m height

Tests performed on the Safety Desk100kg impacting mass from 3m heightDesk completely intact

Desk completely destroyed

“SAFETY DESK”-Innovative, advanced and safe desk-

“SAFETY DESK” entirely made of

composite materials

“Safety Desk”

Strengthening of primary school of San Demetrio-Abruzzo Earthquake-

1° step STRUCTURES

2° step INFRASTRUCTURES

“Safety Desk”

Common Desk

Safety Desk

“Safety Desk”

• Redesigned Improved frame using more efficient steel tubulares• Connection at the bottom using steel bars• Innovative top cover made of Polypropylene (PP)

Storey building unit for residential purposes, offices, services, hotel, commercial.Are elements in each material pultruded lightweight, easily transportable statically and dynamically flexible and ultra durable, easily assembled and disassembled. The external finishes (walls and cover) are functional, phono insulation, thermal insulation, fire resistant and the high temperatures, excellent functional level as well as plant parts.

ALL-COMPOSITE “MODULAR LIVING UNIT”

Materials

GFRP square tube profiles

ALL COMPOSITE “Modular Living Units”

Materials

Solid foam panel made by phenolyc resin with mineral fillers.

The panel can be used to make thermal and acoustic insulation device.

High temperature resistance makes this panels ideal protection from fires


Substructures


Central node

Angolar node

Steel joints to connect pultruded beams


THANK YOU

“innovation on advanced composite materials for civil engineering and architectural applications:...

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