INNOVATIONS FOR GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2016

ANNUAL REPORT

VISION: A world free of poverty, hunger and environmental degradation

MISSION: To advance agri-food science and innovation that enable poor people, especially poor women, to increase agricultural productivity and resilience, share in economic growth, better feed themselves and their families, and conserve natural resources in the face of climate change and other threats

Clockwise: Ollivier Girard/CIFOR, Neil Palmer/CIAT, Neil Palmer/CIAT, Georgina Smith/CIAT, CIAT

WANT MORE? GO ONLINE TO HTTP://ANNUALREPORTS.CGIAR.ORG/2016

1 INTRODUCTION2 ALIGNING WITH THE GLOBAL GOALS4 OUR WORK IN 2016 PRODUCTIVITY, NUTRITION AND RESILIENCE RESTORING GLOBAL FOOD SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT AND DECISION SUPPORT FORGING GLOBAL PARTNERSHIPS20 ACCOUNTABILITY AND IMPACT23 FUNDING PARTNERS24 FINANCE28 ABOUT US

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2016: Looking forward for future generations The 2016 CGIAR Annual Report demonstrates the pivotal role that CGIAR’s 15 Research Centers collectively play in reducing poverty, enhancing food and nutrition security and improving natural resources and ecosystem services.

CGIAR is the largest global partnership addressing agricultural research for development. CGIAR Research Centers work on the ground with farmers in developing countries alongside partners, including national and regional research institutes, academic institutions, development organizations and the private sector.

INTRODUCTION

Sunny Mbeeta Abwooli, a small-holder farmer in Uganda, joined with CGIAR partners to �nd better, more resilient beans for her community. The resulting high-iron, drought resilient beans were released in 2016 in Uganda and distributed to Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, South Sudan and Tanzania. Photo: Georgina Smith/CIAT

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CGIAR2030 TARGETS

350 million more farm households have adopted improved varieties, breeds or trees, and/or improved management practice

100 million people, 50% of them women, assisted in exiting poverty

Improve the rate of yield increase for major food staples from current <2.0 to 2.5%/year

150 million more people, 50% of them women, meeting minimum dietary energy requirements

500 million more people, 50% of them women, without de�ciencies of one or more of the following essential micronutrients: iron, zinc, iodine, vitamin A, folate and vitamin B12

33% reduction in women of reproductive age who are consuming less than the adequate number of food groups

20% increase in water and nutrient (inorganic, biological) use e�ciency in agro-ecosystems, including through recycling and reuse

Reduce agriculture related greenhouse gas emissions by 0.8 Gt CO2-e yr–1 (15%), compared with a business-as-usual scenario in 2030

190 million hectares (ha) degraded land area restored

7.5 million ha of forest saved from deforestation

CGIAR STRATEGIC GOALS

BIG WINS

CGIAR’s three goals and 2030 results contribute to 14 of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.

ALIGNING WITH THE GLOBAL GOALS

• Climate change: 4 million farm households with increased resilience to climate related risks

• Aquaculture: 5 million tons of farmed �sh produced more sustainably, and 2.3 million poor men, women and youth with access to improved livelihood opportunities

• Livestock: more productive and adaptable chicken strains – bene�ting 1.5 million households

• Maize: drought tolerant, disease resistant and nutrient e�cient maize – bene�ting 7.5 million farmer households

• Roots, tubers and bananas: 2 million ha converted to sustainable cropping systems and 1.5

million farmer households helped to recover from pests and diseases

• Food safety: Helping smallholder farmers in 11 countries produce more than 1 million tons of low-a�atoxin maize and groundnut from 500,000 ha of �elds treated with A�asafeTM

• Forestry: an additional 25 million ha of forests across the tropics subject to sustainable forest management practices, avoiding the deforestation of 2 million ha

• Raise investment in agricultural research: an additional USD1.5 billion invested in agricultural science in Sub-Saharan Africa

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In 2017 CGIAR embarks on a new program of innovative research programs and platforms, with a renewed emphasis on nutrition and health, climate change, soils and degraded land, food systems waste, food safety and the global stewardship of genetic resources. The portfolio is designed to contribute signi�cantly to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals through CGIARs’ 2030 targets: 150 million fewer hungry people, 100 million fewer poor people – at least 50% of whom are women – and 190 million hectares less degraded land by 2030. The new portfolio is structured around three groups of challenge-led research programs:

Agri-Food SystemsPrograms

• Fish • Forests, Trees and

Agroforestry• Livestock • Maize • Rice• Roots, Tubers and Bananas • Wheat

Research Support Platforms

• Platform for Big Data in Agriculture

• Excellence in Breeding Platform

• Genebank Platform

Global Integrating Programs

• Agriculture for Nutrition and Health

• Climate Change Agriculture and Food Security

• Policies, Institutions, and Markets

• Water, Land and Ecosystems

Thanks to our funding partners, CGIAR research has transformed the lives of hundreds of millions of people through tangible research outcomes, and will continue to do so in the future.

Transforming global agriculture and food systems

THE CGIAR RESEARCH PORTFOLIO 2017-2022

Photo top row: Sylyvann Borei/WorldFish, Yusuf Ahmad/ICRAF, ILRI, M. DeFreese/CIMMYT, Georgina Smith/CIAT, Neil Palmer/CIAT, J. Cumes/CIMMYT. Bottom row: GlobeMed at UCLA, Prashanth Vishwanathan/CCAFS, S. Mojumder/Drik/CIMMYT, Prashanth Vishwanathan/IWMI, Neil Palmer/CIAT, Georgina Smith/CIAT

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CGIAR is uniquely placed to catalyze a transformation of the global food system. With a strong history of delivering impact at scale and a dynamic global network, CGIAR works to reduce poverty, strengthen food and nutrition security and improve natural resources and ecosystem services. Through research and innovation, CGIAR works in four key areas to achieve these goals:

• Productivity, nutrition and resilience• Restoring global food systems• Management and decision support• Forging global partnerships

In the following pages, we explore each of these areas, by highlighting a few remarkable examples of our research and program achievements in 2016.

PRODUCTIVITY, NUTRITION AND RESILIENCECGIAR creates new improved plant varieties and develops publicly available genetic improvements in crops, livestock, �sh and trees to strengthen nutrition, livelihoods and resilience in the global food system.

OUR WORK IN 2016

111 MAIZE VARIETIES 61 WHEAT VARIETIES 49 RICE VARIETIES

EXAMPLES OF IMPROVED VARIETIES RELEASED WORLDWIDE IN 2016

Tana river watershed. Kenya. Photo: Georgina Smith/CIAT

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CGIAR SCIENTISTS AWARDED 2016 WORLD FOOD PRIZE

In 2016, four CGIAR scientists were awarded the prestigious World Food Prize for their �ght against malnutrition. These bioforti�cation pioneers were recognized for having improved the health of 10 million rural poor in Africa, Asia and Latin America.

CGIAR scientists Dr. Maria Andrade of Cape Verde, Dr. Robert Mwanga of Uganda, and Dr. Jan Low of the United States – all from the International Potato Center, the lead center of the CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas – and Dr. Howarth Bouis, the founder of HarvestPlus at the International Food Policy Research Institute, were awarded the prize for their work to implement bioforti�cation as an agricultural and food-based approach to increasing vitamins and minerals in staple crops through conventional breeding methods. Their groundbreaking work, which integrated scienti�c breeding, extension training, nutrition education and marketing, has reduced malnutrition and improved health by introducing critical micronutrients into the diets of millions of rural poor in the developing world.

Through the combined e�orts of these four Laureates, more than 10 million people have now been positively impacted by bioforti�ed crops, with the potential for several hundred million more to have their health and nutrition enhanced in the coming decades. As such, the CGIAR scientists were considered truly worthy to be named as recipients of the award that Norman Borlaug created 30 years ago, and which is widely seen as the ‘Nobel Prize for Food and Agriculture’.

The impact of the work of all four winners will be felt around the globe, but particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa.”

Ambassador Kenneth M. QuinnPresident, World Food Prize Foundation

Dr. Jan Low, Dr. Robert Mwanga, Dr. Howarth Bouis and Dr. Maria Andrade. Photo: World Food Prize

A family enjoys a meal of bioforti�ed orange-�eshed sweetpotato in Kenya. Photo: Helen Keller International

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Pulses, on which nearly 300 million people depend worldwide, are key to CGIAR’s approach to improving food and nutrition security in a sustainable way. For CGIAR, pulses have yielded especially high returns. According to a 2008 study, bean improvement had an estimated economic value of US$200 million – more than 12 times its cost. In 2016, the International Year of Pulses created a unique opportunity for CGIAR to promote better use of pulse-based proteins and further global production, and address trade challenges to ensure that pulses deliver their full potential as a critical player in the global food system.

PULSES: NUTRITIONAL POWERHOUSE

Why pulses?• 100 grams of raw lentils contains 25

grams of protein• Pulses have a small water footprint,

making them a production smart choice in regions prone to drought

• Pulses can be stored for long periods without losing their nutritional value

Pulses are remarkable: nutritious, a�ordable and good for the environment, and yet so often overlooked. In 2016, CGIAR joined with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the lead organization for the International Year of Pulses, to celebrate these important crops.

CGIAR programs respond to emerging threats to crops and livestock with strategic research, tested solutions and roll-out to those most in need.

Caprine pleuro-pneumonia is a contagious transboundary disease threatening the health of sheep and goats in Africa and Asia. The CGIAR Research Program on Livestock & Fish developed a rapid, inexpensive field diagnostic tool which is a prerequisite to controlling the disease. The tool includes a simple read-out device, powered by a car battery and produces a diagnosis in less than 45 minutes. The next step is commercial development.

Wheat blast, a highly virulent and little understood infection, has long been confined to Latin America, but appeared for the first time in South Asia in 2016, damaging crops on some 15,000 hectares in Bangladesh. As part of an initiative led by the CGIAR Research Program on Wheat, researchers from nearly a dozen institutions worldwide will join forces to develop high-yielding varieties with resistance to blast, reducing the risk of catastrophic crop losses. A related cultivar, Borlaug 100, was shown to perform well in Bangladesh, and seed is being multiplied.

Fall Armyworm, an insect pest, causes damage to more than 80 crop species in 14 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, posing a signi�cant threat to food security. An estimated 13.5 million tons of maize, valued at US$3 billion, are at risk in the region in 2017-2018 – the equivalent of more than 20% of its total production. CGIAR institutions, including the International Center for Tropical Agriculture and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, have signi�cant strengths in building the region’s ability to respond to transboundary pathogens, and are contributing to a quick and coordinated response.

RAPID RESPONSE TO CROP AND LIVESTOCK DISEASE

Photo: David White/ILRI

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In India, pigeonpea is a wonder crop and smart food, providing a�ordable protein for millions of families, especially the poorest. It can cope with drought and poorly fertilized soils, while still producing a decent harvest. But local varieties are low-yielding, slow growing and susceptible to disease. Annual production of around 2.4 million tons does not nearly meet domestic demand, and India is both the world’s largest consumer and importer of pigeonpea.

To address this challenge, CGIAR researchers at the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes are working directly with farmers and the seed sector to develop and scale up disease resistant pigeonpea hybrids that can yield 25 to 30 percent more grain than local varieties. One farmer, Praful Mundada, became a pigeonpea champion after harvesting a record yield of 3,375 kg/hectare. He achieved this impressive result by planting a hybrid that resists Fusarium wilt and Sterility Mosaic Disease, perfecting yield-boosting practices such as transplanting and nipping, and using micro-irrigation.

More than 300 producers from across Maharashtra came to his farm, resulting in a huge boost in demand for the new pigeonpea hybrids. Farmers like Mundada are crucial to ensuring that these technologies are demand driven, and to facilitating the adoption of improved varieties among peers. The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) is working with the public and private seed sector in Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Odisha States to promote the pigeonpea hybrid.

DEMAND DRIVEN INNOVATION: PIGEONPEA www.grainlegumes.cgiar.org

www.drylandcereals.cgiar.org

Harnessing Opportunities for Productivity Enhancement (HOPE) brought new technologies to increase production of dryland crops, reaching more than 180,000 households in some of the world’s poorest areas of India and Sub-Saharan Africa. Some of the major milestones:

49 cultivars released183,421 farm households reached

8,579 tons of seed produced3,280 National AgriculturalResearch Systems scientists trained

50 researchers received advanced degree training (15 PhD and 35 MSc degrees completed)

178,447 mini-packs of seed distributed (partial cost recovery approach)

244: Finger millet

11: Finger millet

6,251: Sorghum

25: Sorghum

2,084: Pearl millet

13: Pearl millet

HOPE FOR DRYLANDS

Ms Elizabeth Azaria in her sorghum farm in Tanzania. Photo: ICRISAT

Pigeonpea. Photo: ICRISAT

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The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) requested the �rst ever withdrawal from the Svalbard Global Seed Vault in 2015. Although con�ict had induced ICARDA to move its research facilities in 2012 from outside of Aleppo to other locations in the Region, sta� staying behind protected the large collection of genetic material and continued to ship seeds internationally until this was no longer possible. ICARDA needed to regrow and multiply part of its collection in other locations.

The seed vault, on Norway’s remote Svalbard archipelago, houses the world’s back-up supply of seeds to ensure crop diversity. It contains deposits of nearly 865,000 varieties of which the collections of the CGIAR Centers held in trust for the world’s population, make up the lion share. The collections are buried deep within a mountain to be available should catastrophe ever strike.

SYRIAN WAR PROMPTS GLOBAL DOOMSDAY SEED VAULT’S FIRST WITHDRAWAL

I was in awe, as I walked down the long corridor deep into the mountain carrying a box of seeds grown from species 1000s of years old. As I reached the perma-frost protected walls to the Vault the sensation of holding one of the world’s most priceless possessions in my hands was almost overwhelming. These seeds, I suddenly understood, will be essential to human survival in the decades and centuries to come.”

Margret ThalwitzICARDA Board Chair

RESTORING GLOBAL FOOD SYSTEMS

CGIAR builds and maintains a global store of seeds, which houses more than 750,000 accessions across 35 global collections, as well as a diverse collection of crop wild relatives, recognized as one of the most important resources available to plant breeders in the �ght against climate change.

When typhoon Haiyan destroyed most of his coconut crop, Filipino farmer Felicito Montano turned to growing Green Super Rice (GSR). This range of improved varieties produces high yields and can thrive in harsh environments, such as areas prone to �ooding, drought and salty soils. Just as important in the long term, GSR is kind to the environment, thriving with less water and chemical inputs.

Helping to develop sustainable solutions for rice farmers is the Sustainable Rice Platform, which provides growing standards, data collection methodology and performance indicators on grain yield, net income from rice, nutrient and water use e�ciency and levels of greenhouse gas emissions.

Rice is the daily staple for more than 3.5 billion people Rice uses 34-43% of the world’s irrigation waterRice is responsible for up to 10% of global methane emissionsRice production must increase 44% by 2050 to feed a global population of 9.5 billion

www.grisp.net

Rice facts

A GREENER FUTURE FOR RICE

Dew drops on rice crops. Photo: Neil Palmer/CIAT

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Like many farmers in the Zaka District of Zimbabwe, Appolonia Marutsvaka has su�ered from lower yields in recent years, as drought tightened its grip on the land. But drought tolerant maize seed is giving this smallholder farmer, and others like her, fresh hope.

New varieties are producing tangible bene�ts, providing more stable yields and higher revenues for producers. Adoption in 13 countries of Sub-Saharan Africa is estimated to have produced total bene�ts of US$395 million for farmers and consumers.

“High temperatures directly a�ect yields, so breeding for the future climate predictions is absolutely essential to maintain current levels of food production,” said Biswanath Das, a maize breeder at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). “Some of these new varieties are yielding up to three times more under heat stressed conditions.”

Despite the clear advantages, one major challenge remains getting drought tolerant maize into the hands of smallholder farmers. A recent study found that while adoption rates are high in some countries – 61% in Malawi – they are still disappointingly low in others. In Zimbabwe, where take-up rates are just 9%, knowledge sharing at seed fairs is being used to present the maize to farmers and help them make informed decisions in coping with drought and climate change.

DROUGHT TOLERANT MAIZE PROVIDES BIG BENEFITS – PASS IT ON!

www.maize.org

Ruth Andrea and Maliamu Joni with her daughter harvesting drought-tolerant maize in Tanzania. Photo: Peter Lowe/CIMMYT

http://on.cgiar.org/GenebankPartnership

Svalbard Global Seed Vault. Photo: The Crop Trust

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CGIAR creates new tools – such as energy-e�cient machinery – and new approaches – such as management of soil carbon and precision application of fertilizers – to help farmers and food systems become resilient, sustainable and productive.

MANAGEMENT AND DECISION SUPPORT

In rural Bangladesh, �nding low-cost, good-quality �sh feed with a high content of protein and vitamins is a challenge for many rural farmers. Swanpan Kumar Biswas used to travel 23 kilometers to the closest city to purchase commercially made feed, which he discovered was falsely advertising a 32% protein content. It actually contained just 22% protein.

That changed when Swanpan and members of the village’s Shapla Fish Farmers Association attended training on �sh feed production, provided by the Aquaculture for Income and Nutrition project. After learning about feed composition for di�erent species, feed-to-body-weight ratios and how to operate a semi-automatic feed mill, they decided to purchase equipment for a village mill and produce their own feed. Farmers pay a small fee for using the mill to compress the ingredients into pellets for mature �sh, or to grind them into powder for juveniles. The project has established 62 feed mills and trained 430 farmers in feed production.

With this improved mill, I can assure the amount of protein in the feed, and ensure that it is of good quality. After using this feed, my �sh have good growth. Now, in 10 days they grow as much as they used to in 15 days. I also don’t pay as much for the feed as I used to.”

Swanpan Kumar Biswas

QUALITY, LOW-COST FISH FEED MADE BY FARMERS

www.aas.cgiar.orgShantona Rani cleaning mola �sh in preparation for cooking. Bangladesh. Photo: WorldFish

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Two initiatives developed by the CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Systems o�er a valuable contribution to research in drylands. Dr. Richard Thomas, a CGIAR scientist who led the work, explains:

“Dryland communities face daunting challenges to ensure future food, nutrition and water security, particularly in the face of climate change. Agriculture needs to be transformed in order to address these issues, and around 100 million new jobs will be needed by 2020. Our work on the new Drylands Development Paradigm proposes a model of participatory research that builds on a set of three guiding principles, which require greater involvement of local communities, better knowledge sharing and the identi�cation of new employment opportunities driven by agricultural development.

In addition, we created a web-based tool, called the Global Geo-Informatic Options by Context framework, as a concrete application of the main principles behind the paradigm. We wanted to provide land users, development practitioners and policymakers with plausible and well evidenced options for making better decisions on sustainable use and management of biophysical resources. The scaling-up framework is included in the United Nations Convention to Combat Deserti�cation Global Land Outlook, a sentinel publication that will guide the 195 countries signed up to the convention to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.”

A�atoxin – highly toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxins that contaminate certain crops in warm regions – can cause massive damage to farmer revenues, trade and public health. A�asafeTM, a biocontrol product developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service, and adapted by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) for use on the African continent, is proving highly e�ective in controlling a�atoxin. Field trials by IITA conducted in Nigeria through the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health have shown that A�asafeTM consistently reduced contamination in groundnut and maize by more than 80%.

Applied directly in the �eld, A�asafeTM continues to protect crops after they are harvested and stored, safeguarding consumers from established health risks of consuming a�atoxin contaminated foods – such as liver disease and liver cancer – and potential risks, including suppressed immune systems and stunted growth in children. The number of farmers using A�asafeTM in Nigeria, where 25 to 60% of maize is contaminated, more than doubled in just one year. The surface area treated and volume of safe maize produced more than trebled. In Kenya, following application of A�asafeTM on 3,000 acres, 98% of the harvested maize was classi�ed as safe by European Union standards.

GEO-INFORMATICS FOR DRYLAND DECISIONS

www.a4nh.cgiar.org

drylandsystems.cgiar.org

1/3 OF THE GLOBAL POPULATION LIVES IN DRYLANDS

COMBATING AFLATOXIN - THE SILENT KILLER

Strain development in progress

Products under testing in farmers’ �elds

Products registered

Products ready for registration

SENEGAL

THE GAMBIA

BURKINA FASO

GHANA NIGERIA

ZAMBIAMOZAMBIQUE

MALAWITANZANIA

UGANDA

RWANDABURUNDI

KENYA

STAGES OF AFLASAFETM PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AS OF AUGUST 2016

Source: Bandyopadhyay et al. (2016), IITA

41% OF THE LAND AREAON EARTH ARE

DRYLANDS

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In New Delhi, 19 million inhabitants are under siege from a noxious haze generated by tra�c, industries, cooking �res and the yearly burning of more than 30 million tons of rice straw from harvests in the neighboring states of Haryana and Punjab. However, farmers who deploy a sustainable agricultural technique known as zero tillage to sow wheat in rice-wheat rotations, the region’s chief cropping system, can help reduce smog in India’s capital, allowing urban dwellers to breathe more easily.

Traditional tillage for sowing wheat in northern India involves removing or burning rice straw and driving tractor-drawn implements back and forth over �elds to rebuild a soil bed from the rice paddy – a costly and protracted process. In zero tillage, wheat is sown directly into untilled soil and unburned rice residues in a single tractor pass, a method now practiced on some 1.8 million hectares in India. This successful technology builds on decades of work led by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and national partners in South Asia.

Zero tillage: many wins• Increases income by 6 percent • Reduces greenhouse gas emissions by 93 kilograms

per hectare• Saves on labor, tractor use and fuel costs, signi�cantly

increasing farmers’ incomes• Reduces water use by 20-35 percent• Fosters healthier soils, including increased organic matter

Besides triggering costly respiratory ailments in humans and animals in farm regions and urban centers like Delhi, burning rice residues depletes soil nutrients, with estimated yearly losses in Punjab, India, alone of 3.9 million tons of organic carbon, 59,000 tons of nitrogen, 20,000 tons of phosphorus and 34,000 tons of potassium.”

M.L. JatCIMMYT

STOP BURNING AND INCREASE PROFIT WITH ZERO TILLAGE

Rice-wheat rotations South Asia account for nearly a quarter of the world’s food production

www.wheat.org

India. Photo: Neil Palmer/CIAT

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In Senegal, a successful climate-smart project is providing climate information to 7.4 million rural farmers using community radio and SMS. The project drew interest from the Colombia and Honduras Ministry of Agriculture and growers’ associations, who visited Senegal to learn more. Following these South-South exchanges, in 2016 the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) worked with the Rice Growers’ Association of Colombia and the Secretariat of Agriculture and Livestock in Honduras to design and implement climate service projects.

UPSCALING CLIMATE INFORMATION

In Colombia, we helped establish two regional committees that coordinate between scientists and farmers. They check previous forecasts against data from weather stations and satellites, and visual observations by the local community, and produce bulletins for the farmers. Colombia committed in its Nationally Determined Contributions to scale up the program to reach about 500,000 farmers. In Honduras, we helped establish six similar committees around the country, providing tailored climate information on staple and commercial crops to more than 300,000 farmers.”

Ana Maria LoboguerreroCCAFS

South-South exchange for climate-smart services – from Senegal to Latin America

www.ccafs.cgiar.org

Cassava farmer Quang Binh, Vietnam. Photo: Georgina Smith/CIAT

www.rtb.cgiar.org

An innovative study of cassava diversity in farmer �elds, supported by the CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas, revealed that 90% of the cassava grown in Vietnam involves improved varieties developed using germplasm from the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT). The use of DNA �ngerprinting dramatically increased the precision of the crop adoption surveys, providing valuable insights into which varieties are preferred by farmers, and in which regions. This allows researchers to better tailor future breeding programs and interventions.

More than 3,700 samples of cassava planting material were collected from 82 farming communities scattered across Vietnam’s main cassava production regions. DNA analysis revealed that the majority were improved varieties related to CIAT germplasm, and just two varieties – KM94 and KM419 – cover almost 70% of the country’s cassava farming area. Developed by a breeding program in partnership with CIAT and several Vietnamese institutions, KM419 was chosen using participatory varietal selection and released in 2013. Scientists attribute the rapid adoption of the variety to its high yield and starch content, adaptability and short growing cycle. DNA �ngerprinting has great potential for improving adoption assessments and the conservation of crop diversity, among other applications.

SURVEY REVEALS WIDESPREAD CASSAVA ADOPTION IN VIETNAM

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The United Nations has set ambitious targets to meet 17 Sustainable Development Goals, but choosing a particular intervention to achieve a given goal in a speci�c context – and measuring progress in meeting it – remains a challenge.

A new survey tool, the Rural Household Multi-Indicator Survey (RHoMIS), solves the problem neatly by analyzing the information needed quickly and cost-e�ectively across diverse rural contexts. RHoMIS is a �exible open-source digital platform for data collection, analysis and visualization. It can be easily modi�ed to meet a range of needs, while collecting a core set of reliable data that informs global discussions, intervention strategies and policy options. Uptake of the tool has been remarkably rapid. Less than two years after its launch, it is now being applied in more than 40 sites in 16 countries.

www.humidtropics.cgiar.org

livestock�sh.cgiar.org

Now a two-pronged approach is improving control of the deadly disease. The �rst harnesses the latest advances in biotechnology to develop a next generation vaccine, which will be cheaper, safer and easier to manufacture and administer.

The second scales up use of an existing ‘live’ vaccine that is registered and on sale in three East African countries. This uses an infection-and-treatment method (ITM) to infect animals

East Coast fever (ECF) is a devastating tick-transmitted cattle disease caused by a single-celled parasite (Theileira parva). Typically killing animals within just three weeks of infection, ECF occurs in 12 countries of Sub-Saharan Africa, costing the lives of more than 1 million cattle annually and the continent annual losses of at least US$300 million.

with speci�c strains of the parasite, while simultaneously administering a long-acting antibiotic, leading to lifelong immunity. Since 2012, 1.5 million cattle have been treated with the ITM vaccine.

Research in Kenya has revealed higher milk yields and cattle prices, as well as increased household investment in education and health services for the family.

RHoMIS is designed to:

• contribute to the standardization of indicator sets and procedures for data collection and data analysis at smallholder farm household level;

• develop time- and cost-e�cient tools that link agricultural management and production options to income, food security and nutritional status;

• use these tools to identify and track the di�erent development pathways that can improve the income, food security and nutritional status of di�erent groups of smallholder farmers, within and across sites in the developing world.

IMPROVED TARGETING FOR AGRICULTURAL INTERVENTIONS

LETHAL LIVESTOCK DISEASE: A DUAL OFFENSIVE

A Tanzanian Maasai man helps administer the infection-and-treatment method of immunizing cattle against East Coast fever in Tanzania. Photo: Stevie Mann/ILRI

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FORGING GLOBALPARTNERSHIPS

CGIAR convenes and participates in global and local partnerships that ensures new knowledge is adopted, and plays a critical role in major international initiatives, such as the Global Landscapes Forum, the Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture and REDD+.

Globally, foodborne disease is responsible for an enormous health burden. Food safety challenges require the crafting of speci�c or more generic cost-e�ective solutions. Coupled with broader policy research these steps could in�uence tens of millions of consumers, millions of farmers and thousands of market agents in Africa and Asia.

FOOD SAFETYA GLOBAL BURDEN

In 2016, the Government of Vietnam requested assistance from the World Bank and partners to assess food safety risks and provide policy recommendations on how to improve food safety risk management. CGIAR mobilized a thorough review of the food safety situation in Vietnam, which analyzed the risks for selected key food value chains, and provided recommendations to improve food safety.

This partnership with the World Bank follows years of collaborative work, which the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) has conducted in Vietnam to build awareness and capacity for using risk assessment in food safety management. Risk assessment, a scienti�c process for identifying the known or potential adverse health e�ects of being exposed to hazards that may come from

food production, preparation or consumption, is widely accepted as the gold standard for assessing, managing and communicating risks. However, in Vietnam, there was limited capacity for using risk assessment approaches in food safety. In 2013, ILRI, as part of the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health’s work on food safety, helped to establish the National Task Force of Food Safety Risk Assessment. The initiative, which was institutionalized by Hanoi University of Public Health in 2016, seeks to strengthen the capacity of national researchers, particularly at the Ministry of Health and Agriculture and Rural Development. Recently, the project has helped to produce country speci�c guidelines for chemical and microbial risk assessment, and published the �rst quantitative microbial risk assessment for pork in Vietnam, as well as a complementary chemical risk assessment.

Urban food systems. Vietnam. Photo: Georgina Smith/CIAT

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GROUNDWATER HOLDS PROMISE FOR SMALLHOLDERS IN ASIA AND AFRICA

Green solar irrigation o�ers incentives for sustainable useGroundwater o�ers the potential to boost agricultural production, improve rural incomes and strengthen smallholders’ resilience to climate shocks. However, understanding where and how to develop and use groundwater is essential for sustainable agricultural intensi�cation, now and in the future.

In India, although the use of groundwater for irrigation has transformed agricultural production, overuse has led to groundwater depletion. Recently, solar power has been introduced as a more versatile, green alternative to electric or diesel pumps. Since this technology o�ers dramatic reductions in pumping costs, groundwater sustainability could be further threatened. In Gujarat, the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) helped pilot the world’s �rst solar cooperative, where overpumping is avoided by o�ering farmers the opportunity to sell back excess solar power to the grid. As soon as farmers began selling surplus power, energy use for irrigation – and groundwater use – began declining.

This pilot, with strong farmer involvement, is contributing to India’s ambitious target of establishing 100 GW of solar energy by 2022, which could be fully achieved by solarizing India’s 15 million electric pumps. The Gujarat Energy Minister has announced that the model will be replicated immediately, and its bene�ts will be extended to 20,000 farmers.

In Africa, WLE researchers have developed maps showing, for the �rst time, the potential for groundwater irrigation across the entire continent. The maps show that the practice could be expanded from the current area of just 2 million hectares (ha) to 40 million ha, much of this in the semi-arid Sahel and eastern regions, stretching from Ethiopia to Zimbabwe.

From surface water irrigation

From sustainable groundwater irrigation

From groundwater depletion

2,043M tons/year

7 %

56 %37 %

WATER SOURCES FOR IRRIGATED FOOD

PRODUCTION WORLDWIDE

wle.cgiar.org

Zimbabwe. Photo: David Brazier/IWMI

Source: Villholth et al. (2017), Nature Communications.

17

In Brazil, large areas of Brazil nut trees, some of the tallest and longest-living trees on earth, were being cleared for farming and mining, putting livelihoods and forests at risk.

By generating biophysical evidence and setting empirically-based timber harvesting limits, the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry optimized timber and non-timber forest product uses in Western Amazonian forests. The work contributed to reducing the risk of 100,000 hectares (ha) of ‘con�ict land’ being cleared for agriculture, and avoiding about 30 million tons of emissions. In Peru, 1 million ha of Brazil nut-rich forests were managed on a concession system granted to local harvesters, where logging was forbidden, but rampant. The �ndings generated a forest policy change in 2016.

BARKING UP THE RIGHT TREES

EQUITY AND EMPOWERMENTIN AGRICULTURE

A sustainable future for everyone depends on both women and men being included in research activities. CGIAR developed Gender Strategies for the CGIAR Portfolio 2017-2022, and the CGIAR Research Programs are re�ning these to ensure a strategic framework for integrated gender research. As CGIAR moves forward, implementing e�ective gender responsive research methods and activities will include continued investment in research capacity, enhancing the quality of gender research, and facilitating interdisciplinary collaboration.

• The CGIAR Research Program on Wheat improved women’s access to microcredit in wheat-based systems, reduced workloads through mechanization and improved access to inputs in Ethiopia, Nigeria and Sudan.

• The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture collected data on sex-disaggregated cassava trait preferences and is mainstreaming these into partner breeding programs.

• The Stress-Tolerant Rice for Africa and South Asia project targets women’s inclusion and provides systemic development, capacity-building and livelihood enhancement, with the overall vision of establishing women as recognized farmers, seed growers and agents of change.

• The CGIAR Gender and Agriculture Research Network ended in 2016, but this valuable work continues in 2017 through the new CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research, which is hosted by the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets and coordinated by KIT, Royal Tropical Institute in the Netherlands.

www.foreststreesagroforestry.org

Brazil. Photo: Kate Evans/CIFOR

gender.cgiar.org

WOMEN AND MEN TRAINEDSHORT TERM: 431,207

WOMEN: 191,711 - MEN: 239,496 LONG TERM:

WOMEN: 909 - MEN: 1,439

18

FORESIGHT MODELING SUPPORTS DECISION-MAKING

Third Global Conference on Agriculture for Development

In 2016, International representatives from key sectors in agri-food research and innovation pledged to ‘leave no one behind’, committing to create more opportunities for rural women and youth, equip tomorrow’s farmers and researchers with the skills they need, and push for more increased investment, so that rural communities can grow and �ourish. These were just some of the commitments made at the Global Event of the Third Global Conference on Agriculture for Development (GCARD3), jointly organized by the Global Forum on Agricultural Research and CGIAR in Johannesburg, South Africa, and hosted by the South Africa Agricultural Research Council.

NO ONE LEFT BEHIND

Bangladesh. Photo: Felix Clay-Duckrabbit/WorldFish

Climate change is expected to a�ect the price of food and the quality of diets around the world, causing an increase in annual deaths of over 500,000 by 2050. This projection, published in The Lancet, was just one result of foresight modeling work led by the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) and various partners, as part of the Global Futures and Strategic Foresight (GFSF) project.

“We work with all 15 CGIAR Research Centers and other partners, using foresight modeling tools to analyze alternative climate, demographic, market and investment future scenarios and explore how new agricultural technologies and policy options can best help to reduce poverty and hunger while protecting natural resources,” explains Keith Wiebe, senior research fellow at the International Food Policy Research Institute and head of the GFSF initiative.

For example, work from the team has already helped to inform decision-making in The Philippines, where government partners used the International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade system of models to support national discussions on climate change. Projections of the e�ects of climate change on global food security – and how sustainable approaches such as climate smart agriculture can help to mitigate them – were also presented at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 22nd Conference of the Parties and the Global Landscapes Forum in Marrakech.

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) used results from foresight work supported by PIM to prepare FAO’s �agship 2016 State of Food and Agriculture report on climate change, agriculture, and food security. www.pim.cgiar.org

POLICIES, REGULATIONS AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES PASSED AND IMPLEMENTED

22

19

2016 Global Landscapes Forum: Climate Action for Sustainable Development

More than 5,500 stakeholders working in forestry, agriculture, water, energy, law, �nance and more came together for the fourth annual Global Landscapes Forum (GLF) on 16 November 2016 in Marrakesh, Morocco, to forge solutions to the planet’s greatest climate and development challenges through sustainable land use. Participants were drawn from over 95 countries and included more than 20 Ministers and Heads of State, with more than 45 di�erent organizations facilitating discussions.

In the closing plenary, the German government announced its partnership with GLF from 2017-2020, as GLF seeks to engage with one billion people in embracing the landscapes approach as the optimal scale for climate and development action. The Global Landscapes Forum 2017 will take place in Bonn, Germany on 19-20 December.

The Global Landscapes Forum undoubtedly is the global platform leading the debate on sustainable land use and sustainable forestry. I am convinced that GLF work is in the center of the implementation of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development.”

State Secretary Jochen Flasbarth pledges support to the long-term future of GLF on behalfof the German Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Economic Cooperation

2015|2016GCARD3GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH FOR DEVELOPMENT

If we are to get research out of the labs and into the hands of resource poor farmers, it is going to require a concerted approach across di�erent sectors, and targeted investment in national agricultural systems."

Mark HoldernessExecutive Secretary of GFAR and Co-Chair of GCARD 3

GLOBAL LANDSCAPES FORUM

Welcoming plenary and roundtable. Left to right: Elwyn Grainger-Jones (speaking), Bambang Permadi Soemantri Brodjonegoro, Blairo Maggi, Matt Hansen, Hindou Ibrahim, Wanjira Mathai. Photo: CIFOR

20

The Independent Evaluation Arrangement (IEA) is an independent unit established to advise the System Council by providing accountability, contributing to learning and supporting decision-making through the conduct of evaluations on the overall performance of CGIAR research, and functions and structures of the CGIAR System.

INDEPENDENT EVALUATION ARRANGEMENT

In 2016, IEA: • Completed the entire CGIAR Research Program

(CRP) evaluation series: 2016 brought to a close 15+1 CRP evaluations (requested by The CGIAR Fund Council), resulting in a body of knowledge on research and organizational performance of CRPs since their formation. The evaluations provided independent expert assessment on relevance, quality of science, partnerships, governance and management. They have been used by Research Centers, the Consortium O�ce, the Independent Science and Partnership Council (ISPC) and donors for changes in management of current programs, proposal development and decisions about the second phase of CRPs.

• Completed a synthesis study of lessons learned from CRP evaluations: identi�ed patterns and lessons for System-wide learning focusing on relevance, quality of science, impact, partnerships, governance and management. Overall, the study found that CGIAR has improved on production of international public goods re�ecting science excellence, articulation of research‐to‐development theories of change, and partnerships.

• Initiated three thematic evaluations: on key areas of Gender (research and workplace); Capacity Development; and Partnerships.

• Completed evaluation of ‘Strengthening Impact Assessment in CGIAR’, assessing achievements of the ISPC-led project.

• Enhanced evaluation quality in CGIAR through two technical workshops: ‘Assessing Quality of Science’ and ‘Use and Assessment of TOC’.

Drought tolerant ‘magic beans’ developed and released in Southern Africa by CIAT and PABRA. Photo: Neil Palmer/CIAT

As an international research for development organization with an ambitious mandate, learning from the past is critical for CGIAR to achieve its goals. Equally important is the need to ensure high credibility and provide accountability to donors, partners, and all those the System Organization aims to serve. Evaluation is an essential mechanism to address all three needs (learning, credibility, accountability) for e�ective change, as it helps CGIAR to learn from successes and failures, while also building trust and con�dence for the future.” Rachel Sauvinet-Bedouin Head of IEA

ACCOUNTABILITY AND IMPACT

21

The Independent Science and Partnership Council (ISPC) is a standing panel of scienti�c experts who work to strengthen the quality, relevance, and impact of CGIAR science. The ISPC provides independent advice and expertise to the funders of CGIAR and serves as an intellectual bridge between the funders and CGIAR.

2016 Highlights: Program Review: The ISPC commissioned 50 in-depth reviews of the eight CGIAR agri-food system programs, four integrating programs, and three coordinating platforms. The process followed international standards of peer review, with a range of experts assessing either individual proposals or cross-cutting themes (e.g. gender) across all proposals. The criteria used in the assessments were published in the original ‘Call’ document, and ISPC Council members served as a moderating panel.

Science Forum 2016: The biennial ISPC Science Forum brings together scientists, practitioners, policymakers and funders to examine emerging challenges and recent scienti�c advances, identify key researchable issues where there is real potential to deliver impacts on development goals, and form new partnerships to address them.

In 2016, 200 participants gathered in Addis Ababa for the ISPC’s fourth Science Forum on ‘Agricultural research for rural prosperity: Rethinking the pathways’. Co-hosted by the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, the event encouraged re�ection on the pathways for agricultural research to stimulate inclusive development of rural economies in an era of climate change. Papers generated during Science Forum 2016 on the causality along impact pathways, from agricultural research to poverty reduction, will be published in a special issue of Agricultural Systems later in 2017.

INDEPENDENT SCIENCE AND PARTNERSHIP COUNCIL

The ISPC was impressed by the signi�cant progress made by CGIAR Research Centers to deliver integrated research outputs, which are essential for contributing evidence to achieving the CGIAR Strategy and Results Framework 2016-2030. The ISPC would like to congratulate all those involved in the preparation of the full proposals on the progress made in such a short time and to recognize the huge e�ort involved.”

Maggie GillISPC Chair

Rice production in Eastern Uruguay.Photo: Neil Palmer/CIAT

22

Information and data are crucial raw materials to catalyze innovation and increase the impact of CGIAR, but they must be �ndable, accessible, interoperable and reusable, or FAIR, in order to do so. In 2016, Open Access/Open Data/FAIR e�orts focused on promoting culture change and extending support to Research Centers and CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs), and enhancing data interoperability and quality. The inclusion in 2016 CGIAR Research Program proposals and platforms of how information assets will be open and FAIR, language on data integration and interoperability, and budgets for these, represents a step forward in mainstreaming Open Access/Open Data and assuring that CGIAR and Research Center leadership recognize and support the need for resources to be FAIR – and that they are in turn supported in ensuring progress. Another major advance is the ability for CRPs to report relatively easily on progress regarding the FAIRness of their knowledge resources.

Global Nutrition Report 2016, the go-to reference for decision-makers, implementers and researchers for nutrition data globally, was published by the International Food Policy Research Institute. According to Altmetric, the report is in the top �ve percent of all research outputs ever tracked.

Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security produced 134 peer reviewed papers on climate change and agriculture in 2016, which had a wide readership. For instance, an article on setting a global target for emissions reduction in agriculture was in the top �ve percent of all research outputs measured by Altmetric, and was number one of 2,316 articles in the high-impact Global Change Biology.

Livestock and Fish, Humidtropics and Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security researchers co-authored an article published in the prestigious Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences (USA), showing that targeting poverty through improved market access and o�-farm opportunities

OPEN ACCESS

HIGH IMPACT PUBLICATIONS

Bioforti�cation is improving the nutritional content of staple crops to tackle malnutrition. Photo: Neil Palmer/CIAT

313

1,837

may be a better strategy for increasing food security than exclusively focusing on agricultural production and closing yield gaps.

Agriculture for Nutrition and Health, the International Livestock Research Institute and partners produced the �rst ever global mapping of antimicrobial use in livestock, building on momentum generated through publications on antimicrobial use and resistance in agriculture in high impact journals, including The Lancet.

23

Thank you to our partners who contributed to the CGIAR Fund in 2016

BANGLADESH

CHINA

INDIA

AUSTRIA THAILANDMEXICO

MOROCCO

The CGIAR 2011–2016 research portfolio would not have been possible without the generous support of the following funding partners.

ABU DHABI

AUSTRALIA

AUSTRIA

BANGLADESH

BELGIUM

BILL AND MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION

CANADA

CHINA

DENMARK

EUROPEAN COMMISSION

FINLAND

FRANCE

IDRC

IFAD

INDIA

IRAN

IRELAND

ITALY

JAPAN

KOREA

LUXEMBOURG

MEXICO

MOROCCO

NETHERLANDS

NEW ZEALAND

NIGERIA

NORWAY

PORTUGAL

RUSSIA

SOUTH AFRICA

SPAIN

SUDAN

SWEDEN

SWITZERLAND

THAILAND

TURKEY

UNITED KINGDOM

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

THE WORLD BANK

KOREA

IRAN

CGIAR deeply appreciates the contributions from all our funding partners and we thank them for their significant investments in our work to build a food-secure future for all.

FUNDING PARTNERS

DENMARK

ABU DHABI

24

TABLE 1: SYSTEM REVENUES AND EXPENDITURES, 2016 AND 2015 (US$ MILLION)

FINANCIAL OVERVIEW

With an annual research portfolio of just over US$900 million, involving approximately 11,000 sta� working in more than 70 countries, 40% of them women, the 15 CGIAR Research Centers are supported by Funders, countries, private foundations and regional and international organizations. These make a range of �nancial, technical and operational contributions, enabling CGIAR to pursue its strategic direction, follow agreed plans and deliver on promised outcomes and impact.

CGIAR funding is delivered via a multi-donor trust fund and on a bilateral basis. Harmonized funding is channeled through Window 1 & 2 of CGIAR’s multi-donor trust fund, with Funders providing Window 1 pooled contributions and designating Window 2 contributions to speci�c CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs). Funders also allocate funding to particular CGIAR Research Centers through Window 3 of the Fund, or bilaterally to Research Centers (outside the Fund).

In 2016, CGIAR System revenue declined to $919 million. This represented a decrease of 5%, or $52 million, in total System revenue, compared with 2015, when System revenue was $971 million. Also in 2016, CGIAR System expenditures decreased to $930 million, compared with $985 million in 2015, representing a reduction of 6%, or $55 million. CGIAR System expenditures included System entities costs of $16.1 million, or 1.7%, and $4.5 million for special initiative projects. The net result for the CGIAR System in 2016 was a shortfall of $10.4 million, compared with a shortfall of $13.8 million in 2015.

CGIAR greatly appreciates the contributions made by all its funding partners, and would like to thank its valued investors for their support, without which none of its work would be possible.

  2016           2015        Revenue Total   CRPs   Non-CRPs   Total   CRPs   Non-CRPs

CGIAR Fund Window 1&2 219.5   200.1   19.4   259.6   242.3   17.3CGIAR Fund Window 3 323.4   281.6   41.8   294.4   245.9   48.5  542.9   481.7   61.2   554.0   488.2   65.8Bilateral 346.5   270.9   75.6   388.6   295.6   93.0Sub-total income 889.4   752.6   136.8   942.6   783.8   158.8Center own income 29.8   19.3   10.5   28.2   18.2   10.0

Total revenue 919.1   771.9   147.2   970.8   802.0   168.7

Expenditure                      

CRPs 771.9           802.1        Other Programs 137.1           162.6        Systems entities 16.1           17.2        Special initiatives 4.5           2.6        

Total expenditure 929.6           984.5        Net result (10.4)           (13.8)        

Photo: Neil Palmer/CIAT

25

Notes:

The complete 2016 Financial Report is available at: http://www.cgiar.org/resources/cgiar-�nancial-reports/

The �nancial information contained in this report is based on the 2016 CGIAR Financial Report, which is aggregated from the 15 Audited CGIAR Research Center Financial Statements and the System Organization Financial Statement.

The International Center for Tropical Agriculture and the World Agroforestry Center have converted to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), and most of the remaining Research Centers will comply with IFRS in 2017.

FIGURE 2: SYSTEM EXPENDITURE BY ACTIVITY (US$ MILLION)

FIGURE 1: SYSTEM REVENUE BY FUNDING SOURCE (US$ MILLION)

1000

800

600

400

200

02011 20162015201420132012

CENTER OWN INCOME CGIAR FUND W 1&2CGIAR FUND W3BILATERAL

187

22

510

16

284

27

498

78

343

21

503

140

382

23

473

238

260

28

389

294

219

30

346

325

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

02011 20162015201420132012

SYSTEM ENTITIES AND OTHER ACTIVITIES CRPNON-CRP

13

477

221

14162

700

17161

806

20160

887

20163

802

21137

772

In 2016, fund transfers to Research Centers from the CGIAR Fund (Windows 1, 2 and 3) represented 59%, or $543 million of total funding. Bilateral project grants represented 38%, or $346 million of total funding. The remaining 3%, or $30 million, was drawn from Research Centers’ own funds. Window 1 & 2 funding declined from $260 million in 2015 to $220 million in 2016, a decrease of 15%, or $40 million. By contrast, in 2016 Window 3 funding increased to $323 million from $294 million in 2015, representing a 10% growth, or $29 million. Bilateral project grants declined by 11%, or $43 million, from $389 million in 2015 to $346 million in 2016. Research Centers continued to use more of their own funding, increasing Center contribution by 6%, from $28 million in 2015 to $30 million in 2016.

CGIAR Research Program or portfolio expenditure represented 83%, or $772 million, of total CGIAR System expenditure in 2016, while non-portfolio research accounted for 15%, or 137 million. Research outside the Strategy and Results Framework remained minimal, accounting for just under 2% of total CGIAR System expenditure.

In 2016, CGIAR System expenditure by cost category remained similar to that of 2015, with personnel costs accounting for 42%, supplies and services for 27%, partnerships for 20%, travel for 6%, and depreciation for the remaining 5%.

26

FIGURE 3: CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CGIAR FUND AND DISBURSEMENTS TO CENTERS (US$ MILLION)

Financial summary of the CGIAR Fund

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

02011 2016

DISBURSEMENTS TO CENTERS

2015201420132012

CONTRIBUTION FROM FUNDERS

252

811

573

528

503458

379

463

581674

523512

Relatively higher volumes of expenditure were incurred in Sub-Saharan Africa, at 49% in 2016, compared with 45% in 2015. Expenditure in Asia, the Americas, Central - West Asia - North Africa (CWANA) all witnessed a slight decline, to 27%, 16% and 5% respectively, while that in Europe remained at 3%.

CGIAR System �nancial performance indicators have, on average, remained stable compared with previous years. Unrestricted net assets for the CGIAR System declined from $269 million in 2015 to $264 million in 2016, and days of operating reserves (as a long-term stability indicator) increased from 111 days to 118 days, a �gure that is signi�cantly higher than the minimum range of 75 to 90 days. The increase is a result of reduced operating expenses. The short-term liquidity indicator increased from 133 days in 2015 to 145 days in 2016, which is well above the minimum range of 90 to 120 days. The indirect cost ratio was lower in 2016 at 14%, compared with 15% in 2015. The current ratio is healthy and has remained �at at 1.4, while the cash management indicator on restricted operations is 0.57, indicating that bilateral activities are generally not pre-�nanced. The Financial Statements of all 15 Research Centers and the System Organization received unquali�ed external audit opinions. The Cost Share Percentage of 2% collected from all funding sources covered 97% of CGIAR System entities costs.

In 2016, funds received by the CGIAR Fund totaled $463 million. Of these, $448 million was accounted for by 2016 contributions, $11 million by 2015 contributions received in 2016, and $4 million by Cost Share Percentage collected from bilateral grants. Contributions allocated by donors in 2016 were $538 million. Of these, 83%, or $448 million, was received within the year, 17%, or $90 million, was received in 2017 for 2016, and $10 million was received for 2017. This represents a reduction of 3%, or $18 million, compared with 2015. Window 1 & 2 accounts for 34% of the CGIAR Fund, while Window 3 represents 66%. In 2016, Window 1 & 2 declined by 27%, or $65 million, from 2015 levels, while Window 3 increased by 15%, or $47 million, over the same period. The strengthening of the US dollar against other currencies accounted for 27% of the reduction from non-US dollar contributions.

27

TABLE 2: SUMMARY OF RESEARCH CENTER EXPENDITURES 2016 (US$ MILLION)

TABLE 3: SUMMARY OF CRP EXPENDITURES 2016 (US$ MILLION)

  From Financial Statements of Centers % of Individual CRP funding % of Total

CGIAR Research Program/Platform on: W 1&2 W 3 Bilateral Own

Funds Total W 1&2 W 3 Bilateral Own

Funds Dryland Systems 2.9 16.0 11.5 0.2 30.6 9% 52% 38% 1% 4%Humidtropics 6.2 12.2 7.6 0.3 26.3 24% 47% 29% 1% 3%Aquatic Agricultural Systems 2.0 - - 0.1 2.1 96% 0% 0% 4% 0%Policies, Institutions and Markets 20.9 25.2 26.5 0.3 72.8 29% 35% 36% 0% 9%WHEAT 11.9 13.5 17.3 - 42.7 28% 32% 41% 0% 6%MAIZE 11.6 27.1 27.6 - 66.3 17% 41% 42% 0% 9%Rice (GRiSP) 15.6 23.0 31.5 2.9 73.0 21% 31% 43% 4% 9%Root, Tubers and Bananas 14.1 44.6 24.3 1.2 84.2 17% 53% 29% 1% 11%Grain Legumes 3.2 24.3 14.9 0.2 42.5 8% 57% 35% 0% 6%Drylands Cereals 3.5 7.0 4.6 0.0 15.3 23% 46% 30% 0% 2%Livestock and Fish 14.8 17.3 7.2 1.2 40.5 37% 43% 18% 3% 5%Agriculture for Nutrition and Health 10.1 42.5 25.5 0.3 78.3 13% 54% 33% 0% 10%Water, Land and Ecosystems 18.1 3.8 24.3 1.1 47.4 38% 8% 51% 2% 6%Forests, Trees and Agroforestry 11.0 14.4 31.4 9.7 66.5 17% 22% 47% 15% 9%Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security 26.4 10.8 12.6 2.5 52.4 50% 21% 24% 5% 7%Genebanks 27.4 0.0 3.9 0.3 31.5 87% 0% 12% 1% 4%Total 199.7 281.6 270.9 20.3 772.5 26% 36% 35% 3% 100%

  Revenue Expenditure Surplus/ (De�cit) Center CRP Non-CRP Other Total CRP Non-CRP Total

AfricaRice 17.3 6.0 0.7 23.9 17.3 8.9 26.2 (2.2) Bioversity 21.9 9.4 0.5 31.8 25.3 5.3 30.6 1.2 CIAT 68.9 2.2 1.5 72.5 70.4 2.4 72.8 (0.3) CIFOR 27.4 3.8 0.4 31.6 32.1 4.3 36.4 (4.8) CIMMYT 104.7 16.9 0.7 122.3 104.7 19.2 123.9 (1.6) CIP 48.8 1.9 0.7 51.5 48.9 3.5 52.4 (0.9) ICARDA 27.5 11.7 1.2 40.4 27.5 12.9 40.3 0.1 ICRAF 52.4 6.4 3.1 61.8 58.3 5.1 63.5 (1.6) ICRISAT 50.4 4.1 8.0 62.5 50.8 4.0 54.9 7.6 IFPRI 106.9 7.5 1.2 115.6 106.9 8.4 115.4 0.2 IITA 88.0 9.2 0.3 97.5 88.0 10.9 98.9 (1.4) ILRI 45.1 14.7 8.5 68.4 46.9 22.4 69.2 (0.8) IRRI 56.6 2.2 1.2 60.0 58.9 3.7 62.7 (2.7) IWMI 25.7 1.6 0.8 28.1 25.7 4.1 29.8 (1.7) WorldFish 8.4 18.6 1.0 28.0 8.4 21.1 29.5 (1.5)

Subtotal 749.9 116.2 29.8 895.9 770.2 136.1 906.4 (10.4) Other program partners 2.3 - - 2.3 2.3 -  2.3 0.0

Total 752.2 116.2 29.8 898.2 772.5 136.1 908.6 (10.4) Systems entities/special initiatives 0.4 20.6 - 20.9 0.4 20.6 20.9 (0.0)

Total 752.6 136.8 29.8 919.1 772.9 156.7 929.6 (10.4)

Financial summary of the 15 CGIAR Research Centers

Financial summary of the CGIAR System Research Programs

Compared with 2015, in 2016 Research Centers’ revenues declined by $52 million, or 5%, to $898 million. While most Research Centers reported �at or declining revenues, the Africa Rice Center, the International Potato Center (CIP), the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), and the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) reported modest revenue growth. Research Center expenditure showed a decline of $55 million, or 6%, to $909 million. In 2016, 11 out of 15 Research Centers reported a loss, which was similar to the results for 2015. However, ICRISAT reported an extraordinary non-operational income of $4.3 million which increased their surplus.

In 2016, the Programs that made up the CGIAR 2011-2016 Research Portfolio came to an end. Additional information on total contributions and spend by CRPs for the period 2011 to 2016 can be found in the CGIAR Financial Report for 2016. Overall spending on CRPs decreased by almost 4%, year-on-year, from $802 million in 2015 to $773 million in 2016.

Additional information on 2016 CGIAR Fund contributions can be found in the 2016 CGIAR Financial Report, available online at: http://www. cgiar.org/resources/cgiar-�nancial-reports/

28

ABOUT US

With e�ect from 1 July 2016, following agreement with the CGIAR System’s Research Centers and Funders, revised governance arrangements came into e�ect. The CGIAR System Framework provides for a CGIAR System Council and a CGIAR System Organization. The CGIAR System Organization, made up of the System Management Board and System Management O�ce and governed by the Charter of the CGIAR System Organization, provides governance to the CGIAR System in collaboration with the CGIAR System Council.

CGIAR System CouncilChair: Dr Juergen Voegele

The Council consists of up to 20 voting members, comprising up to 15 representatives of CGIAR’s Funders, and 5 developing country representatives. It meets at least twice per year to keep under review the strategy, mission, impact and continued relevancy of the CGIAR System in a rapidly changing landscape of agricultural research for development. A list of members, alternates, ex-o�cio non-voting members and other representatives, along with information on meetings, committees and decisions, can be found on the CGIAR System Council page of our website.

CGIAR System OrganizationInterim Chair, System Management Board: Prof Dr Martin Krop�Executive Director: Elwyn Grainger-Jones

The Board, with its Interim Chair Prof Dr Martin Krop�, is responsible for providing strategic direction and e�ective governance and leadership of the CGIAR System Organization. The Board provides a mechanism for CGIAR’s 15 member Research Centers to participate in decisions that impact the operations of the CGIAR System Organization and the CGIAR System as a whole. Details of its members, meetings, committees and decisions taken can be found on the System Management Board pages of our website.

The System Organization’s Executive Director and non-voting ex-o�cio member of the System Management Board, Elwyn Grainger-Jones, heads the System Management O�ce. Montpellier-based, the O�ce carries responsibility for the day-to-day operations of the System Organization and for providing support to the System Council, System Management Board and the General Assembly

General Assembly of the CentersMeeting at least once each calendar year, the General Assembly of Centers is  a forum for  CGIAR Research Centers  to discuss issues related to the CGIAR System and CGIAR System Organization. Among their important functions is nomination for election of voting membership of the System Management Board.

Learn more at: www.cgiar.org/about-us/our-governance/

GOVERNANCE

29

IFPRI

CIMMYT

CIAT

CIP

BIOVERSITYINTERNATIONAL

ICARDA

IITA

AfricaRice

ILRIICRAF

ICRISAT

IWMIWorldFish

CIFOR

IRRI

CGIAR Member Center Headquarters

The 15 CGIAR Research Centers and their partners generate and disseminate knowledge, technologies and policies for agricultural and rural development.

The Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice)

www.AfricaRice.org

Bioversity International

www.bioversityinternational.org

The International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)

www.ciat.cgiar.org

The Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)

www.cifor.org

The International Potato Center (CIP)

www.cipotato.org

The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)

www.icarda.org

The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)

www.cimmyt.org

The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)

www.icrisat.org

The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)

www.ifpri.org

The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)

www.iita.org

The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)

www.ilri.org

The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)

www.irri.org

The International Water Management Institute (IWMI)

www.iwmi.org

WorldFish

www.world�shcenter.org

The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)

www.worldagroforestry.org

RESEARCH CENTERS

Afric

a Rice Center

Centre

du riz pourl’A

frique

A r f caR ce

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Photo clockwise: Ricky Martin/CIFOR, Georgina Smith/CIAT, ICARDA, Neil Palmer/CIAT, IITA. Back Cover: Neil Palmer/CIAT

Citation: CGIAR. 2016. Annual Report 2016, Innovations for Global Food Security. CGIAR. Montpellier, France.

Published: 2 October 2017

Front and back cover photo: the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security Farms of the Future project uses exchange visits to connect farmers with their “future climate” and learn how to adapt and manage their practices in a variety of changing climate conditions. Nepal. Photo: Neil Palmer/CIAT.

Special thanks for the many contributions from CGIAR Research Centers and Research Programs. Compiled by the CGIAR System Management O�ce with design and editing by Michael Dougherty; editing by Clare Pedrick; coordination by Samuel Stacey and Sara Quinn, CGIAR System Management O�ce. Online interactive version developed by Samuel Stacey, CGIAR System Management O�ce.

This report was printed on paper certi�ed by the Forest Stewardship Council according to the high environmental standards of Imprim’ Vert speci�cation, which ensures the use of only nontoxic products and the proper containment and disposal of hazardous substances.

http://annualreports.cgiar.org/2016

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CGIAR is a global research partnership for a food-secure future. CGIAR science is dedicated to reducing poverty, enhancing food and nutrition security, and improving natural resources and ecosystem services. Its research is carried out by 15 CGIAR Research Centers in close collaboration with hundreds of partners, including national and regional research institutes, civil society organizations, academia, development organizations and the private sector.

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CGIAR System Organization

HTTP://ANNUALREPORTS.CGIAR.ORG/2016