innovations in resiliencemichael ungar ph.d. canada research chair in child, family and community...
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Michael Ungar Ph.D. Canada Research Chair in Child, Family and Community Resilience, Dalhousie University
Linda Theron, Ph.D. Professor of Educational Psychology
University of Pretoria www.resilienceresearch.org
Nine Things Troubled Kids
Need From Their Parents
Innovations in
Resilience
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“You can’t stop the waves but you can learn to surf” --John Kabat-Zinn It’s easier to learn to surf if you have a surfboard, a coach, and a lifeguard
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Resilience is the capacity of a dynamic system to adapt successfully to disturbances that threaten system function, viability, or development. The concept can be applied to systems of many kinds at many levels, both living and nonliving.
Resilience in theory…
Masten, A. (2014). Global perspectives on resilience in children and youth. Child Development, 85(1), 6–20.
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In the context of exposure to significant adversity, resilience is our capacity, individually and in groups, to navigate our way to the psychological, social, cultural, and physical resources that sustain our wellbeing, and… our capacity individually and in groups to negotiate for these resources to be provided in meaningful ways.
Resilience in practice…
Ungar, M. (2011). The social ecology of resilience: Addressing contextual and cultural ambiguity of a nascent construct. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 81(1), 1-17.
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An Expression of Resilience In the context of: • above normal exposure to adversity
(load=A) where ∑A > average A for a population,
• and with attention to the severity, chronicity and relevance of the adversity
• R1, 2, 3…= f(SCV, E) (OAv,OAc)(M)
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Rsystemb
Rsystema
Rsystem1, 2, 3…= f(Scv E) (OavOAc)(M) Rsystemc…
Adaptation/Transformation Adapted from: Ungar, M. (2015). Social ecological complexity and resilience processes. Commentary on ‘A conceptual framework for the neurobiological study of resilience.’ Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 38, 50-51.
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1. Each system’s resilience influences the resilience of other co-occurring, supraordinate and subordinate systems
2. There are common principles across systems that explain how each develops and sustains resilience.
Two Hypotheses
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1. Resilience occurs in contexts of adversity 2. Resilience is a systemic process
1. Persistence 2. Resistance 3. Recovery 4. Adaptation 5. Transformation
Principles and Processes
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1. Resilience occurs in contexts of adversity 2. Resilience is a systemic process 3. A resilient system is open, dynamic and
complex 4. A resilient system promotes connectivity 5. Resilience requires experimentation and
learning 6. A resilient system includes diversity,
redundancy and participation.
Principles and Processes
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Co-produced pathways of resilience:
South African insights
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Agency
• Future orientation
• Altruistic aspirations
• Investment in education
Relatedness • Family system • Flocking
Cultural belonging
• Cultural pride • Ubuntu-values • Spirituality
(E.g., Casale, 2011; Dass-Brailsford, 2005; Ebersöhn, 2012; Greeff & Lawrence, 2012; Malindi, 2014; Mampane, 2016; Theron, 2016; Van Breda, 2017)
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Urban exemplar
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Theron & van Rensburg, under review
No parent-‐figure warmth
Ltd ‘mother’ warmth
Much ‘mother’ warmth
Ltd ‘father’ warmth
Much ‘father’ warmth
Ltd ‘mother’ & much ‘father’ warmth
Much ‘mother’ & ltd ‘father’ warmth
Much ‘mother’ & much ‘father’ warmth
Resilience process
Resilience process
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No parent-‐figure warmth
Ltd ‘mother’ warmth
Much ‘mother’ warmth
Ltd ‘father’ warmth
Much ‘father’ warmth
Ltd ‘mother’ & much ‘father’ warmth
Much ‘mother’ & ltd ‘father’ warmth
Much ‘mother’ & much ‘father’ warmth
Goal-‐directed agency
x x x x x x x x
Invested in educaDon
x x x x x x x x
Theron & van Rensburg, under review
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Pro-education community “At school we had preachers coming and telling us, “You are the answer to your family ... you might sleep with no food ...but you are the answer ... by going to school you might get a bursary, by working hard and then you’ll be educated and you’ll help your family”
15
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No parent-‐figure warmth
Ltd ‘mother’ warmth
Much ‘mother’ warmth
Ltd ‘father’ warmth
Much ‘father’ warmth
Ltd ‘mother’ & much ‘father’ warmth
Much ‘mother’ & ltd ‘father’ warmth
Much ‘mother’ & much ‘father’ warmth
Goal-‐directed agency
x x x x x x x x
Invested in educaDon
x x x x x x x x
AltruisDc agency
x
x x
RelaDonal supports x x
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17
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18 Linda & Adam Theron_ICAP 2014_www.Lindatheron.org
Rural exemplar
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Voluntary use of services
Physical and psychological caregiving
19
Voluntary resource F df p Helplines 3.91 4 .00
Support groups (e.g. Soul Buddyz) 3.43 4 .01
Support educators 4.59 4 .00
TradiDonal healers 4.99 4 .00
Van Re
nsbu
rg, The
ron, & Rothm
ann, in press
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Mandatory services
Physical and psychological caregiving
20
Van Re
nsbu
rg, The
ron, & Rothm
ann, in press
Mandatory service F df p
Substance abuse programs 9.62 4 .00
Mental health services 3.90 4 .01
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Connectivity Adolescent
ßà Social ecology
Parent-figure ßà
Adolescent
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Taylor, Z. E., & Conger, R. D. (2017). Promoting Strengths and Resilience in Single‐Mother Families. Child Development, 88(2), 350-358.
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Differential Impact Theory
A impact of a protective factor/process depends on a
system’s level of risk exposure and the nature of the factor/
process.
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Biop
sych
osoc
ial
Dev
elop
men
t
Time Change in resource or intervention
Optimal development
Expected development--low risk
Expected development--high risk
A
B
Figure 1a: Differential Impact of Protective and Promotive Factors and Processes
(PPFP)—Model 1
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Biop
sych
osoc
ial
Dev
elop
men
t
Time Change in resource or intervention
Optimal development
Expected development--low risk
Expected development--high risk
A
B
Figure 1b: Differential Impact of Protective and Promotive Factors and Processes (PPFP)
—Model 2
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Biop
sych
osoc
ial
Dev
elop
men
t
Time Change in resource or intervention
Optimal development
Expected development--low risk
Expected development--high risk
A B
Figure 1c: Differential Impact of Protective and Promotive Factors and Processes
(PPFP)—Model 3
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‘Mothers’ maRer
28
My mother takes care of me. She feeds me and protects me and she always be with me
My grandmother is like a mother to me. She is always there for me … one day is one day that I am going to [re]pay her for that.
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‘I am OK because my mother is strong’
29
Mme
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Thank you!
Michael Ungar, Ph.D. Canada Research Chair in Child, Family and
Community Resilience School of Social Work, Dalhousie University
@MichaelUngarPhD www.michaelungar.com
www.resilienceresearch.org
Linda Theron, Ph.D Centre for the Study of Resilience,
Department of Ed. Psychology, University of Pretoria
@TheronLinda www.Lindatheron.org