innovations in wildlife rehabilitation - cdn.ymaws.com · literature review ... bbl turns down most...
TRANSCRIPT
3/7/2019
1
Innovations in Wildlife Rehabilitation
Bird Banding, Research and More!
Dr. Renee Schott, Wildlife Rehabilitation Center of MN [email protected]
Halley Buckanoff, North Carolina Zoo’s Wildlife Rehabilitation Center [email protected]
Disclaimer
✘ We are not PHDs✘ Not enough time → information is
not exhaustive✘ Trying to keep it practical
1
2
3/7/2019
2
What is Research?
Research is diligent and systematic inquiry or investigation to...✘ Discover new knowledge✘ Revise facts, theories, applications, etc.✘ Answer a question✘ Solve a problem✘ To inform decisions✘ A way to prove lies and to support truths✘ Nourishment and exercise for the mind
What is Research?
Research produces evidence
We use evidence to make decisions toimprove animal care and outcomes
3
4
3/7/2019
3
Evidence-Based
Practice
What are some types of research studies?✘ Retrospective: retrospective study looks backwards and examines factors
in relation to an outcome that is established at the start of the study✘ Prospective: Watches for outcomes, such as the development of a disease,
during the study period and relates this to other factors such as suspected risk or protection factors
✘ Randomized: ex: treatments are randomly assigned to participants✘ Double-blind: neither the participants nor the experimenters know
who is receiving a particular treatment.✘ Controlled: group in the study that does not have/get a
variable/treatment; often human placebo groups are control groups✘ Case study: a process or record of research in which detailed
consideration is given to the development of a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time; “N” - Sample size
5
6
3/7/2019
4
Hierarchy of Evidence
MEDICINE
Natural History
Identification
Evidence-Based Practice
?
7
8
3/7/2019
5
Ethical Considerations surrounding research
✘ Subjects/patients: ✗ Species, age, injury, etc✗ Negative impacts:
✗ Extra handling✗ Anesthesia✗ Procedures✗ Delayed release✗ Pain✗ Etc.
✘ Useful outcome✘ Your resources
✘ Oversight ✗ IACUC - Institutional Animal Care and
Use Committee✗ In-house/external research review
committees
Ethical Considerations surrounding research
9
10
3/7/2019
6
Who can do research?
✘ Anyone!
How to participate in research
✘ Reach out to other institutions/facilities/universities/zoos
✘ Be professional✗ They need to trust you and your data✗ You need to prove yourself✗ Offer samples✗ Be easy to work with✗ Be up front about your limitations✗ Have good records
11
12
3/7/2019
7
How to start your own study
✘ Learn !✘ Classes✘ Participate in other studies✘ Find a mentor
✘ What? What question do you want to answer? What hypothesis do you want to test?
✘ Develop a plan✗ Literature review✗ Resources needed✗ Step-by-step SOP for the study
How to start your own study
✘ Have your mentor, others, etc review the plan in all aspects but especially biases, rigor of the study, ethics
✘ Ethics review
✘ Just the beginning….
13
14
3/7/2019
8
Example 2013
0
3
10
8
15
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Sunday Monday Wednesday Friday Saturday
Total Glo-germ Levels
Days of Experiment
Day 1
Transfer of glo-germ to sensitive species room
Example 2016
✘ No transfer to sensitive species room!
15
16
3/7/2019
9
What Research is being Done?
✘ Keep up on the literature✘ Google scholar, etc✘ Email the primary author
✘ Network!■ “I got a guy…”
https://www.nwrawildlife.org/page/Research
https://theiwrc.org/resources/research
Questions so far?
✘ On to bird banding!
17
18
3/7/2019
10
Bird banding
✘ Application of permanent metal (and occasionally plastic colored) bands to the legs of migratory birds for the purpose of scientific study✗ Longevity✗ Monitoring populations✗ Determining migratory routes✗ Breeding/nesting patterns✗ etc.
✘ Found bands (bird died, number read from afar) can be reportedto the BBL
Why band rehabilitated birds?
✘ To get band returns! Really the only way we know we are doing our jobs well
✘ Current rehabilitation studies/permits:✘ Post-Release Survival of commonly hand-reared
Songbirds (HDB)✘ Oiled Birds (many)✘ Raptors (many)
✘ (IME) BBL turns down most rehabilitation applications for permits- why?
19
20
3/7/2019
11
(recent) History of Bird Banding in NA
✘ Before 1909: chaos✘ 1909: American Bird Banding Association
formed to try and organize and assist (private)
✘ 1918: Migratory Bird Treaty Act✘ 1920: Too much banding for ABBA to
coordinate → Bureau of Biological Survey (now USGS)
✘ Today: Bird Banding Lab & Canadian Wildlife Service work together
Bird Banding in Wildlife Rehabilitation
✘ Banding of birds for release✗ Federal permit BBL +/- state permit✗ Only official federal bands may be legally
placed on birds that are released to the wild within NA
✗ Approximately 2000 Master Banders in NA; 3000 Sub-Permittees
✗ Must apply, have experience, and well defined research
21
22
3/7/2019
12
Obstacles:✘ Past: Dilution of data
✘ Current: rehabilitated bird categories✘ Past: some rehabilitators have give
poor, incomplete data
✘ BE PROFESSIONAL
Bird Banding in Wildlife Rehabilitation
Getting your permit to band
✘ Work with existing banders to learn the process✗ Learn the ID/aging/sexing✗ Learn the skill of putting bands on and equipment✗ Learn the handling✗ Learn the paperwork/recordkeeping/data entry
✘ Become a sub-permitee on a study✘ Apply to for a Master Bander permit for a
specific study✘ BE PROFESSIONAL
23
24
3/7/2019
13
Skills
Find a bird bander near you!
✘ Wildlife agency✘ Universities✘ Birding clubs✘ Email BBL✘ MAPS
REMEMBER - BE PROFESSIONAL
25
26
3/7/2019
14
Rehabilitators currently banding
✘ Post-Release Survival of commonly hand-reared Songbirds (HB)
✘ Oiled Birds (several)✘ Raptors (many)✘ Found bands reported to:
✗ https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/BBL/bblretrv/
Resources
✘ https://www.birdpop.org/docs/pubs/Pyle_2008_Birding_by_Feather_A_Molt_Primer.pdf
✘ Books: Identification Guide to North American Birds, Part I and II, Peter Pyle
✘ https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pwrc/science/bird-banding-laboratory?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects
✘ Book: Molt in North American Birds, Steve Howell✘ copies: Tabular Pyle
https://www.klamathbird.org/resources/tabular-pyle✘ To report a band:
27
28
3/7/2019
15
Questions...
• Thank you!
Recent Research by Rehabilitators
Mcruer, Dave L., et al. "Free‐roaming cat interactions with wildlife admitted to a wildlife hospital." The Journal of Wildlife Management 81.1 (2017): 163-173.
Saunders, S., et al. "Outbreak of campylobacteriosis associated with raccoon contact at a wildlife rehabilitation centre, Minnesota, 2013." Zoonoses and public health 64.3 (2017): 222-227.
Smith, Abigail E., "Prediction Factors for Release of Wildlife at a Midwestern Rehabilitation Facility" (2018). Honors Thesis Projects. 69.
29
30