innovative engineering solutions to reduce the stress on natural water resources brook hill chief...
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Innovative Engineering Solutions Innovative Engineering Solutions to reduce the stress on to reduce the stress on Natural Water ResourcesNatural Water Resources
Brook HillChief Environmental Engineer
Minerals & Metals
WorleyParsons Services Pty Ltd
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Why we have to act (Green)
Population: 6 billion rising to 10 billion by 2050 Forest: over 50% of all forest cover lost Between 1 – 1.5 billion people without access to clean water Ocean Health: claims that 75% fish stocks destroyed worldwide Biodiversity: largest species extinction in 75 million yrs Climate Change: $10 trillion in economic damage
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We can’t just continue burning more coal
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and we can’t continue wasting water !
Fresh water use by industry, Gladstone, Central Queensland
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and an old solution isn’t going to help
11/04/236
Burn Coal
Drought
Desalination
CLIMATE CHANGE
OUR RESPONSE
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We need to develop new approaches
Which put costs against previous ‘externalities’;
Which incorporate these costs into business models;
To enable us to secure management support and ‘buy-in’;
And which drive behavioural, process design and operational changes.
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What can we change?
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11/04/239
What can we change ?
11/04/239
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First Step to Resilience is Future Proofing
Move the accounting perspective (decision window) out to the future.
11/04/2310
Expanded Decision Window
Normal Decision Window
Future proofing of projects
Now 20 Years
$8/T $20/T $85/T? Cost of CO2 emissions$0.1/m3 $ 1.0/m3 $5/m3? Cost of Water$0.05/kWhr $ 0.50/kWhr $1/kWhr? Cost of Energy
Cost of Waste Disposal Cost of Compliance
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Second step – measure and analyseSecond step – measure and analyse Gladstone Region Water Demand by End UseGladstone Region Water Demand by End Use
Cooling water and Transfer losses by customerDecember 2003
Callide C, 30.1%
Callide B - 29.2%
Orica Chemicals , 2.2%
Stag Creek Transfer losses, 16.4%
Boyne Smelters, 1.4%
Queensland Alumina, 15.1%
Comalco Stage 1, 5.6%
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Next steps – review all usageNext steps – review all usage
Do more with less – evaluate increased solids Do more with less – evaluate increased solids density in slurries / pastes / filter cake depositiondensity in slurries / pastes / filter cake deposition
‘‘Future proofing’ means putting ‘future’ cost rather Future proofing’ means putting ‘future’ cost rather than ‘historical’ costs into water pricing modelsthan ‘historical’ costs into water pricing models
Best Appropriate Practice – value engineering Best Appropriate Practice – value engineering examines the contribution of water in the process – examines the contribution of water in the process – and examines and examines qualityquality of water required. This often of water required. This often encourages use of lowest quality water / seawater encourages use of lowest quality water / seawater for low value uses such as cooling ;for low value uses such as cooling ;
Total Quality Management - excess material useage Total Quality Management - excess material useage (incl water use) is a variance from TQM - zero (incl water use) is a variance from TQM - zero defects and zero waste are now key business defects and zero waste are now key business drivers;drivers;
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And start to widen the perspective
11/04/2313
Sustainability
Impact Reduction
Efficiency
Conventional project
engineering: NPV focus
with Strategic Economic Analysis
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To enable a Whole Project Cost Benefit Analysis
11/04/2314
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CCBNPV
0 )1(
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Whether you take a social view (Green)
11/04/2315
World is changing− Inexorably rising population− Huge stress on natural world− Massive resource demands− Species extinctions− Changing climate− Significant global risks for humanity
To meet challenge:− Build in business resilience− Facility modification− Increase efficiency− Reduce energy consumption− Clean up, reduce emissions− Engage stakeholders
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Or a financial view (Black)
11/04/2316
World is changing− Increasing energy costs− Increasing resource costs (water, etc)− Tightening legislation− Public opinion and community attitudes changing− Increased costs of environmental and social compliance− Volatility
To meet challenge:− Build in business resilience− Facility modification− Increase efficiency − Reduce energy consumption− Clean up, reduce emissions− Engage stakeholders
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Client’s Perspective – API Sustainability Reporting
11/04/2317
Social Progress Environmental
Stewardship
Socio-Environ
S
SocioEconomic
Eco-efficiency
New Solution
Economic Growth
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New Paradigm
11/04/2318
Customer’sProcessing Plant
Inputs
Sid
e E
ffec
ts
Products
Typical Inputs• Raw Products• Energy• Water• Chemicals
Plant Types• Power Stations• Refineries• Hydrocarbon production• Waste Treatment
Secondary Effects
• Flue Gas clean up – potential CO2 recovery
• Heat recycling and recovery• Solid and Liquid Waste reuse and improved disposal• Spent Chemicals recycling and recovery
Outputs• Electricity• Refined products• Crude Oil / Gas
Increased focus on efficiency, lower energy and water use with reduced environmental impact
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EcoNomic Evolution
Long pastYesterdayEcoNomics
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Branding
11/04/2320
Nomics - …from the Greek ‘nomikos’ meaning lawWikipedia… Laws of logic and natureShorter Oxford English Dictionary‘Nomic is a game in which changing the rules is a move. - Peter Suber, the creator of Nomic, The Paradox of Self Amendment, App 3 P362
Economics…The science that deals with production, distribution and consumption of goods and services or the material welfare of human kind.
The maximization of human welfare.
Eco -…from the Greek ‘oikos’ meaning house.
Used as a prefix (as in ecology, ecosystems) concerned with living thing in relation to their environment.
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EcoNomics is a whole new way to deliver projects
Select and design for sustainability from the outset Look outside the facility limits Look over the longer term Explicitly monetise all environmental and social risks, impacts
and opportunities Mandate the entire project team to achieve sustainability
objectives Train wide range of staff to contribute to sustainability within a
project Embed best available technical capabilities within project teams Proprietary tools and systems to support the project
11/04/2321
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Working examples
Filter cake residuals
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Working examples
Thickened tailings and central deposition
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Working examples
Dry stack tailings
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Working examples
Dry tailings disposal LaCoipa Atacama