innovative facade concepts (august 2004)

Hydro Building Systems

ALUMINIUM 2004World Trade Fair & Conference for the Aluminium IndustryEssen September 22-24, 2004

Innovative Facade Concepts

By Executive Vice President Lars H. RingvoldHydro Aluminium

Date: 2004-05-25 • Page: 2 Werner Jager

Innovative Facade Concepts - Requirements

•Reduction of Heating Energy•Reduction of Cooling Loads•Avoiding Over-heating•Natural Ventilation•Improved Air born Sound Insulation•Use of Daylight•Interaction with the Exterior•Smoke Control and Fire Proof•Life Cycle Analysis•Occupiers Comfort and Ergonomy•Sustainability


Innovative Facade Concepts – Political Conditions

DIRECTIVE 2002/91/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCILof 16 December 2002

on the energy performance of buildings


Innovative Facade Concepts - Political Conditions

Energy Performance of Buildings Directive considers:•Lighting – natural and artificial•Heating and Cooling•Ventilation – natural and mechanical•Sun protection•Solar systems – active and passive

Valid in all EU member states beginning 2006


Innovative Facade Concepts - Technical Conditions

Performance Characteristicfor Curtain Walls in EN 13830

Resistance to fireReaction to fireFire propagation

WatertightnessDangerous Substances

Wind load resistanceResistance to own dead loadImpact resistanceResistance to horizontal loadsThermal shock resistance

Acoustic performance

Thermal resistanceWater vapour permeabilityAir permeability

Dur

abili

ty

Requirements for buildings

1 Mechanical resistance and stability2 Safety in case of fire3 Hygiene, health and the environment4 Safety in use5 Protection against noise6 Energy economy and heat retention

All Innovative Facade Concepts have to be tested and certified acc. toInternational Standards. In addition they have to fulfill country specific requirements.


Innovative Facade Concepts – Application Environment

Architectural FlexibilitySustainability Solar Gains

Cost Efficiency Energy Storing

Standards

Energy DistributionRegulations

Communication Sun Protection

Safety Lighting

SimplicityHeating

Occupiers Comfort CoolingVentilation

All parameters influence the concept and design of an Innovative Facade Concept


Innovative Facade Concepts – Solutions

Green Aluminium


Innovative Facade Concepts – Green Aluminium

Basic idea

Less energy (erection and period of use)

More occupiers comfort (thermal, visual, social)

Ecology minded design (LCA based design)

Demonstrate performance of aluminium based envelope products regarding sustainability, achieve sustainable development

Ferrari Maranello

Use holistic optimisation potential

of office buildings



Objectives

• Ecology minded development

LCA based design: Less material – non hazardous - simple separation - good recyclability

Safety (production, assembling)

• Energy saving

50% primary energy saving against today‘s envelope design (ENEV2002)

Use of solar energy: passive via glass, active via photovoltaic

Avoid air conditioning sytems

Increase daylight autonomy

Optimize embodied energy



Objectives

• Occupiers comfort

<10% of dissatisfied users

Natural ventilation

Avoide overheating risk during summertime

Natural daylighting in buildings

• Flexible office space arrangement

Adaptaible office space (dimensions)

Use as office /residental

Flexible working place concepts (desk sharing, ...)

Lilienberg Zürich



Results: façade

only integrated planing of curtain walls as a functional unit leads to significant

reduction of primary energy demand (façade + glass + panel + blinds)

increased insulation of opace components reduce energy transmission

concentrate on spacer or compound edge and their fixing in the façade

correlation between psi-Value and U-Value

design for recycling + LCA based design

high percentage of recycling aluminium resource indicator, embodied

energy

reduce sight line of profiles increase solar gains



Results: glass

Uglass + light transmittans

double better than triple glazing units

triple glazing use clear glass

warm edge spacer with low thermal conductivity Uglass

use of high performance low-e coatings

Braun AG Kronberg



Results: HVAC

Great potential of energy saving for heating and cooling for both buildings

Net use for cooling can be more reduced than for heating

Accepting 28°C inside air temperature no cooling appliances will be necessary

Influence of activating thermal mass of concrete components (ceiling, floor) and additional natural ventilation during night time are more effizient than mechanical driven ventilation systems

Concept of DuoWall 2 increases thermal comfort significantly compared to standard double skin facades

Innovative HVAC-concept has to substitute the building concept


Innovative Facade Concepts – Examples

Double Skin Facade

Double Skin Window



Double Skin Facade•Improved sound insulation by correct lay-out of the air in- and outlet•Improved heat gain possibilities. Even better by valves in the air in- and outlet•Possibility to ventilate the building naturally•Protected shading device in all weather conditions•Integrated Shading device more efficient than an internal shading device, close

to an external application•Occupier comfort is increased due to possibility to open windows even in high rise buildings


Innovative Facade Concepts – Occupiers Comfort

During a summer day there will be:

up to 95%, with the room climate, dissatisfied people (Room 2: Parallel outward window with inner shading device)In comparison a standard facade (room 1 with outer shading device) will cause only 18% dissatisfied people,a standard double skin facade (room 3) performance like a standard facade.With an optimized double skin facade (room 4) only 10% of the people will be dissatisfied with the room climate.

1 2 3 4

Measured facade types andmeasured results

PPD-Method acc to Ole Fanger in accordance to ISO 7730


Innovative Facade Concepts – Occupiers ComfortDuring a summer day there :

a standard facade with parallel outward opening window leads to up to 7 °C higher room temperatures than the reference facadesThe optimzed double skin facade (room 4) even offers up to 9 °C lower room temperatures than the standard facade with parallel outward opening window.

Exterior temperature 4

1

2

3

Room temperatures in the test rooms

Daytime

Tem

pera

ture

in °

C

1 2 3 4 Measured facade types andmeasured results

Measured Facade Types:Room 1: Standard Facadce with Turn/ Tilt Window

and exterior Shading deviceRoom 2: Standard Facadce with parallel outward

opening Window and interior Shadingdevice

Room 3: Standard Double Skin Facadce with Turn/ Tilt Window inside and fixed single glazingoutside. Shading device between inner and outerfacade

Room 4: Standard Double Skin Facadce with Turn/ Tilt Window inside and fixed double glazingoutside. Shading device incorporated in the doubleglazing of the outer facade.


Innovative Facade Concepts – Occupiers Comfort

An optimized double skin facade design can reduce overheating bymore than 40% compared to standard double skin facades.

DW 1 DW 2

1012

605666

307

381

151214

62118

19 471 23 0 7 0

0100200300400500600700800900

1000110012001300

Hou

rs p

er y

ear

>24°C >25°C >26°C >27°C >28°C >29°C >30°C >31°CRoom temp. above

Wicona

Feeled room temperatures

Sommer Standard year Würzburg

DW 1, window ventilation,without parts cooling,with night cooling

DW 2, window ventilation,without parts cooling,with night cooling

Measured facade typs andmeasured results


Double Skin Facades - Project Solution

Braun Kronberg in Germany

Architect: Schneider + Schumacher Frankfurt, GermanyMetal builder: Magnus Müller GermanyDouble skin facade area: 3,500 m²

Glashaut außen,öffenbar

Abschattung

HorizontalschnittReinigungsflügelinnen Holzklappe

Schmale

Doppelfassade

BürogebäudeFa. Braun, Kronberg



Max Planck Society in Munich, Germany

Architect: Graf/Popp/Streif Munich, GermanyMetal builder: Trube and Kings GermanyDouble skin facade area: 6,500 m²

MPG MünchenMax-Planck-Gesellschaft in MünchenDoppelfassadeVertikalschnitt

Innenfassade(auch als Fluchtbalkon)Fassadenzwischenraum

FassadeAußen-



ERGO Insurance in Mannheim, Germany

Architect: Albert Speer und Partner Frankfurt, GermanyMetal builder: Lindhorst GermanyDouble skin facade area: 9,000 m²



University of Leipzig, Germany

Architect: Architektengemeinschaft Augustusplatz Leipzig, GermanyMetal builder: FensterKeller GermanyDouble skin facade area: 3,000 m²



Ferrari Headquater in Maranello, Italy

Architect: Fiat Engineering, ItalyMetal builder: Lorenzon ItalyDouble skin facade area: 4,000 m²



Double Skin Windows•Improved sound insulation•Improved heat gain possibilities. •Possibility to ventilate the building naturally•Protected shading device in all weather conditions•Reduced depth of the complet system•Integrated Shading device more efficient than an internal shading device, close

to an external application•Occupier comfort is increased due to possibility to open windows even in high rise buildings


Innovative Facade Concepts – TOP Window

Performance:

Thermal insulation:

Window U value = 1,2 W/m²K

Sound insulation:

up to 57 dB(A)

Peak Temperatures:

The TOP window can reduced the peak temperatures In the room up to 6 K compared with standard facade solutions.

Overheating hours per year:

The TOP window can reduced the overheating hours up to 800 hours per year compared with standard facade solutions.

Cooling Load per year:

The TOP window can reduced the cooling load (=energy)up to 50% per year compared with standard facade solutions.

The TOP Window at the NordBYGG 2004:



0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

30 35 40 45 50 55 60

Sound Insulation in dB(A)

Thic

knes

s of

the

wal

l in

mm

Concret wallBrick wall

TOP Window, 195 mm depth

TOP Window, 57 dB Closed Ext: 8 mm tempered glassInt: 8 mm lam/16 Ar/ 10 mm float

57 dB of Sound InsulationThe TOP window (less than 200 mm depth) can achieve sound insulation levels of

a 270 mm thick concret wall (density 2000 kg/m³) ora 450 mm thick brick wall (density 1200 kg/m³)



Standard Facade vs. TOP Window (LCool version) :

The TOP Window (LCool version) can reduce peak temperature 1. by 4 K, compared to standard double skin facades and2. by 6 K, compared to standard facades (Curtain wall)

Temperature distribution

TOP window with LE insulation glass insideAnd sun protection insulation glass outsideWith incorporated shading device

Temperature distribution

Standard Facade with LE Insulation glass and incorporated Shading device



0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Standard Facade Double SkinFacade

TOP WindowLcool version

TOP WindowStandard version

Prim

ary

Ene

ryg

Con

sum

ptio

n [k

Wh/

(m²a

)]Ventilation

Lighting

Cooling

Heating

Primary Energy Consumption

TOP window Lcool version has 30 % less primary energy consumption than a Standard Facade.



•Integration of systems to•Heat•Cool•Ventilate•Light the room by the facade

•Modular design enhances•Flexible architecture•Fast installation•Fast errection•Easy to maintain

•Self-Sustaining•Energy needed by the facade is produced by the facade


Innovative Facade Concepts –

Photovoltaic Moduls

Pre-fabricated facade units

Sustainable Design

Natural Ventilation

Facade integrated heatingAnd cooling device

Media Facade

Lighting of the room

Facility Management and Building Automation


Innovative Facade Concepts –

Unitized facade concept

Double skin with integrated sunshading

Sun shading with combined day light guiding function, Anti-glare protection insideNatural ventilation via window openingsDecentralized systems to heat, cool and ventilate the room

Energy gaining systems

Drive and fitting are one units

Plug-In concept with link to facility management

Sustainable Facade conceptCost efficient unit regarding investment and operation costs

innovative facade concepts (august 2004)

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