innovative strategies in higher education and technical and vocational education and training (tvet)...
DESCRIPTION
These twin reports share on the outcome of ADB's joint study with Australian Aid which aims to find innovative ways to improve the human capital through improved higher education and technical and vocational studies in South Asian nations. Coverage: Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, and MaldivesTRANSCRIPT
Innovative Strategies in Higher Education for Accelerated HRD in South Asia
Innovative Strategies in Technical and Vocational Education and Training for Accelerated HRD in South Asia
(Get the full-text PDF of these publications from our website: http://www.adb.org/publications/innovative-strategies-higher-education-accelerated-hrd-south-asiahttp://www.adb.org/publications/innovative-strategies-tech-voc-education-training-human-resource-development-south-asia)
South Asia Regional Department Book Launch, 11 July 2014Asian Development Bank HQ in Manila
Presentation outline
• Purpose of the reports• South Asian context• Key findings• Key recommendations
Purpose of the Reports• Explore innovative ways of delivery, and rethink the role of
governments and new financing modalities such as public-private partnerships to inform SARD operations in human development
• Coverage: Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, and Maldives• Funded by Australian Aid• Team involved:
Reports Higher Education TVETRegional William Saint Richard Johanson
Bangladesh Md. Mannan Md. Mohiuzzaman
Nepal Hridaya Bajracharya Devi Dahal
Sri Lanka Sunil Chandrasiri Sunil Chandrasiri
National Coordinator: Nicholas Tenazas and Rhona Caoli-RodriguezTask Leader: Brajesh Panth
South Asian Context
• Rural areas predominate –81% in Nepal, 72% in Bangladesh, 86% in Sri Lanka – but with urbanization now accelerating• Large informal sector:
90% of labor force in Nepal, 80% in Bangladesh, and 60% in Sri Lanka• Low global competitiveness, except Sri Lanka• Young population slated to be a major source of
global labor force (demographic dividends)
Economic Structure and Share of Employment
1990 2000 2010 1990 2000 2010 1990 2000 2010Bangladesh Nepal Sri Lanka
0102030405060708090
3339 41
16 14 16
3440 43
48
37
53
3945
50 4753
58
Services
1990 2000 2010 1990 2000 2010 1990 2000 2010Bangladesh Nepal Sri Lanka
0102030405060708090
13 10 113
10 1019 24 2522 25 29
1217 15
29 30 29
Industry
1990 2000 2010 1990 2000 2010 1990 2000 2010Bangladesh Nepal Sri Lanka
0102030405060708090
54 51 48
8176 74
47
36 333026
19
48
38 35
2418
13
Agriculture % of employment% of output
% to
tal
Rising Remittances
Key Findings: TVET• Major skills mismatches, tracer studies rare• Labor force expanding: still low education and
training, but rising• Large numbers of NGO/private providers• Strongly centralized administration with
fragmentation of public provision• Training capacity only a fraction, with low funding• Policies developed recently and apex bodies
formed or in the process of consolidation
Key Findings: Higher Education• Quality assurance agencies are uncommon
but serious recognition to address this• Specialized universities are few• Enrollment and competition rising sharply• Limited or no use of funding formulas• Public-private partnerships gaining attention• Limited use of technology
Key Findings: Common• Equity: Inequitable access in higher
education and barriers to entry in TVET• Quality: Weak quality assurance
mechanisms• Relevance: Detached from real world
(more theoretical)• Governance: Centralized administration
with limited autonomy• Funding: High reliance on public funding
Key Recommendations• Equity: Flexibility in access, pathways for mobility
(lifelong learning), differentiated system, targeting• Quality: Institutionalize quality assurance (improve
assessment and certification, quality trainers/teachers, accreditation, mutual recognition)• Relevance: Link to economic strategies, sector
priorities, skills-gap analysis, PPPs• Governance: Rationalize management & provisions,
greater autonomy, rethink the role of government• Funding: Use performance-based, diversify funding,
leverage public funds, incentivize private sector
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