Innovators in Innovators in EnvironmentEnvironmentJohn James Audubon, Thomas Malthus, John James Audubon, Thomas Malthus,

Roger Tory Peterson, John Muir.Roger Tory Peterson, John Muir.

John James AudubonJohn James Audubon

Lived from 1785-1851Lived from 1785-1851 Famous for his Birds of America Famous for his Birds of America

CollectionCollection Contains 435 life size portraits, Contains 435 life size portraits,

and other American artists are and other American artists are measured against this measured against this collection. collection.

Thomas MalthusThomas Malthus

Looked closely at the world Looked closely at the world population.population.

Was the first to suggest that the Was the first to suggest that the human race has carrying human race has carrying capacity.capacity.

Once a population gets to high Once a population gets to high the resources will not be able to the resources will not be able to support themsupport them

Roger Tory PetersonRoger Tory Peterson

((August 28August 28, , 19081908 – – July 28July 28, , 19961996))

Developed the Peterson Field Developed the Peterson Field GuideGuide

Visual descriptions of animals, Visual descriptions of animals, so that animals were more so that animals were more easily identifiedeasily identified

John MuirJohn Muir

Famous conservationistFamous conservationist Founded the Sierra Club- one of Founded the Sierra Club- one of

the most important the most important conservational organizations in conservational organizations in the U.S.the U.S.

Writings influenced the Writings influenced the Environmental movementEnvironmental movement

Innovators in DiseaseInnovators in Disease

Jenner, Lister, Pasture, FlemingJenner, Lister, Pasture, Fleming

Edward JennerEdward Jenner

Realized people that contracted Realized people that contracted cowpox did not contract cowpox did not contract smallpoxsmallpox

Took fluid from a cowpox blister Took fluid from a cowpox blister and injected it into his son.and injected it into his son.

Vaccine comes from the Latin Vaccine comes from the Latin word for cowword for cow

Received first medical research Received first medical research grants grants

Louis PasteurLouis Pasteur

Developed vaccines for Rabies and Developed vaccines for Rabies and CholeraCholera

Developed the Pasteurization Developed the Pasteurization processprocess

1879 realized that old or weakened 1879 realized that old or weakened cultures of cholera produced an cultures of cholera produced an immunity in an individualimmunity in an individual

This process is still used to today to This process is still used to today to develop vaccines (Flu, Chickenpox)develop vaccines (Flu, Chickenpox)

Joseph ListerJoseph Lister

Realized a need for better Realized a need for better sanitation practices in medicine.sanitation practices in medicine.

Suggested the use of Carbolic Suggested the use of Carbolic acid on bandages and surgical acid on bandages and surgical tools.tools.

Developed the first aseptic Developed the first aseptic techniquestechniques

Considered the “Father of Considered the “Father of antiseptic surgery” antiseptic surgery”

Alexander FlemingAlexander Fleming

Realized that certain body fluids Realized that certain body fluids (sweat, tears, and saliva) could (sweat, tears, and saliva) could kill bacteria.kill bacteria.

Discovered the antibacterial Discovered the antibacterial properties of penicillin.properties of penicillin.

However found it very difficult to However found it very difficult to produce penicillin in large produce penicillin in large quantities.quantities.

Innovators in DNAInnovators in DNA

Rosalind Franklin, Thomas Hunt Morgan, Walter Rosalind Franklin, Thomas Hunt Morgan, Walter Sutton, James Watson and Francis Crick, andSutton, James Watson and Francis Crick, and

Michael Crichton.Michael Crichton.

Rosalind Franklin Rosalind Franklin

Famous for a X-ray process that Famous for a X-ray process that isolated the DNA molecule.isolated the DNA molecule.

Her results and process were Her results and process were given to Watson and Crick, and given to Watson and Crick, and enabled them to complete there enabled them to complete there model of DNA.model of DNA.

Was Was notnot awarded the Nobel awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her part in the Peace Prize for her part in the discovery of DNA discovery of DNA

Thomas Hunt MorganThomas Hunt Morgan

Studied how Genes are passed Studied how Genes are passed from on generation to another.from on generation to another.

Used fruit flies to study how Used fruit flies to study how certain genes are linked to one certain genes are linked to one another.another.

Awarded that Nobel Peace Prize Awarded that Nobel Peace Prize in 1933in 1933

Walter SuttonWalter Sutton

Provided evidence that Provided evidence that chromosomes carried the cell’s chromosomes carried the cell’s units of inheritance.units of inheritance.

Showed that chromosomes will Showed that chromosomes will separate during meiosisseparate during meiosis

Discovered that chromosomes Discovered that chromosomes contain genes.contain genes.

James Watson & Francis CrickJames Watson & Francis Crick

Developed the correct structure Developed the correct structure of DNA.of DNA.

Used a double helix to Used a double helix to accomplish this. accomplish this.

Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their accomplishments in the for their accomplishments in the field of DNA.field of DNA.

Michael Crichton Michael Crichton

Author of the book Jurassic Author of the book Jurassic Park.Park.

Book used new DNA Book used new DNA technology, and cloning to technology, and cloning to create a story of an island with create a story of an island with Dinosaurs.Dinosaurs.