insect pests diagnostics - ncsu
TRANSCRIPT
Insect Pests Diagnostics
Stacey Jones
Area Specialized Agent (Central Region)
Commercial Greenhouse and Nursery
What is an Insect?
Insect Orders
Complete Metamorphosis
Incomplete Metamorphosis
Complete Metamorphosis
List of Orders
• Coleoptera-Beetles
• Lepidoptera- Butterflies and Moths
• Hymenoptera-Ants, Bees, Wasps
• Diptera-Flies
BUTTERFLY OR MOTH
Chewing Mouthparts
• Two mandibles
Exception: Bees
Chewing Mouthpart Damage Leaves
• Defoliation
– Caterpillars
– Beetles (adult and larvae)
– Grasshopper
Chewing Mouthpart Damage Leaves
• Shotholes
– Caterpillars
– Beetles (adult and larvae)
– Grasshopper
• Margin notching
– Caterpillars
– Beetles (adult and larvae)
– Grasshopper
Chewing Mouthpart Damage Leaves
• Skeletonization
– Caterpillars
– Beetles (adult and larvae)
Chewing Mouthpart Damage Leaves
• Leaf Roller
– Caterpillar
Chewing Mouthpart Damage Leaves
• Leaf mining
– Caterpillars
– Fly larvae
Chewing Mouthpart Damage Leaves
Is it a Beetle or Caterpillar?
• Silk
Is it a Beetle or Caterpillar?
• Frass
Is it a Beetle or Caterpillar?
• Protective cases
Is it a Beetle or Caterpillar?
• Silk
• Frass
Beetles
• Hard elytra
• Line down the back
• Larvae no prolegs
• Branch/Trunk Dieback
– Beetle larvae
Chewing Mouthpart Damage Branches and Trunk
• Shoot dieback
– Caterpillars
– Beetles (adult and larvae)
– Cicadas
Chewing Mouthpart Damage Branches
• Girdlers
– Mesquite Girdler
Chewing Mouthpart Damage Branches and Trunk
• Exit Holes
– Beetle (adult and larvae)
Chewing Mouthpart Damage Branches and Trunk
Borer Eggs
• Eggs laid on or below the surface
• Tiny larvae bore into the wood
Flat Headed Borers
• Metallic Wood Boring Beetle
• Meandering galleries
• D shaped exit holes
• Fine saw dust
Round Headed Borer• Longhorned Beetle
• Tunnels into heartwood
• Round exit holes
• Course saw dust
Chewing Mouthpart DamageRoots
• Root feeding
– Scarab Beetle larvae
Incomplete Metamorphosis
List of Orders
• Hemiptera-True bugs
• Homoptera-Aphids, Whitefly, Hoppers, Cicadas
• Orthoptera- Grasshoppers, Crickets, Katydids
• Thysanoptera-Thrips
• Blattodea-Roaches
• Mantodea-Mantids
• Isoptera-Termites
• Odonata-Dragonflies and Damselflies
Sucking Mouthparts
• Homoptera and Hemiptera have probiscis
• Rest in this group have chewing mouthparts
True Bug Wings
• Half leathery/ half membranous
http://schmidling.com/lfbug1.jpg
Main Pests
1. True bugs
2. Aphids
3. Whitefly
4. Thrips
1
2
3
4
Main Pests
1. Scale insects
2. Mealybugs
3. Leafhopper
4. Spider mites
4
3
2
1
Sucking Mouthpart Damage
• Stippling
– Aphids
– Whitefly
– Thrips
– Leafhopper
– Spider mites
Sucking Mouthpart Damage
• Yellowing
– Aphids
– Whitefly
– Thrips
– Leafhopper
– Spider mites
Sucking Mouthpart Damage
• Streaking- Thrips
Sucking Mouthpart Damage
• Cupping
– Aphids
– Whitefly
– Thrips
– Leafhopper
– Spider mites
Sucking Mouthpart Damage
• Fecal Spots
– Lacebugs
– Thrips
– Leafhoppers
Sucking Mouthpart Damage
• Honeydew
– Aphids
– Whitefly
– Scale/Mealybugs
Sucking Mouthpart Damage
• Sooty mold
– Aphids
– Whitefly
– Scale/Mealybugs
Sucking Mouthpart Damage
• Exoskeletons
– Aphids
– Whitefly
– Leafhopper
Sucking Mouthpart Damage
• White wax
– Soft Scale
– Mealybugs
Sucking Mouthpart Damage
• Brown Scabs
– Armored Scale
Sucking Mouthpart Damage
• Webbing
– Spider mites
Disease Vectors
– Aphids
– Whitefly
– Thrips
– Leafhopper
Miscellaneous Damage
Egg Laying
• Leafhoopers
• Cicadas
Galls
• Egg laying
• Saliva injection
Not a Pest
• Leaf Cutter Bee
Not Insect Damage
• Wood Pecker
