insect pests of vegetables and their management...insect pests of vegetables and their management...
TRANSCRIPT
Insect Pests of Vegetables and
their Management
Powell Smith,
Extension Associate
Lexington, SC
Clemson Extension Service
OverviewVegetable Crops – tomato/pepper, cucurbits,
cabbage/leafy greens, beans
Principal Insect pests – caterpillars, aphids/
whiteflies, beetles, sucking bugs
Chemical Management
Natural enemies – What? Predators and
parasitoids
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Tomato and Pepper Insects
Green Stinkbug
Brown Stinkbug Leaffooted Bug
Yellow Striped Armyworm
Tomato Fruitworm
Beet Armyworm
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Tomato Pests That Are Disease Vectors
Western Flower Thrips - TSWV
Green Peach Aphid –
CMV and others
Whitefly – Tomato
Leaf Curl Virus
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Tomato Pinworm -
A fall pest on the coast‘Blotch’ mine from
young pinworm larvae
Typical mine from serpentine
leafminer
Mature Larva – rice grain size
Typical fruit damage
Pheromone available for detection and
mating disruption
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Cucurbit Pests
Aphids
Pickleworm larva
Squash bugs
Striped and
Spotted
Cucumber
beetles
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Pests of Cabbage and Leafy Greens
Diamondback MothLarva Adult
Normal Pupa
Pupae parasitized by a wasp
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Cabbage LooperEgg
Larva
Adult
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Imported Cabbageworm
Egg
Larva
Adult - Butterfly
Pupae – no cocoon, a chrysalis
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Cutworm
Flea Beetle
Wireworms
Cabbage
aphid
Other Pests
Clemson Extension ServiceBean aphid
Cutworms
Thrips
Foliage and Pod-Feeding Caterpillars
Bean and Pea Pests
Stink Bugs
Cowpea
curculio
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Chemical Management
Caterpillars – Bt products, pyrethroid sprays,
spinosad (Entrust – OMRI), DE? for cutworms.
Aphids/whiteflies – spray oils/soap, pyrethrins,
malathion, neem
Thrips – spinosad, spray oils/soaps, pyrethrins
Stink bugs – pyrethroids, neem
Beetles – pyrethroids, spinosad, malathion
Grubs/Wireworms – entomopathogenic
nematodes, Bacillus popilliae (Japanese beetles)
Drawbacks of Insecticides
Non-target effects – broad spectrum
insecticides kill indiscriminately; eliminate
natural enemies that may keep other pest
species in check; damaging to pollinator species
Pest resurgence – from above effect; pests
proliferate due to lack of predation/parasitism
Effect on humans and other vertebrates – both
chronic and acute effects
Long term effects on ecosystems
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Natural Enemies
Predators – immatures or adults actively seek out
prey. Most adults can fly. Beetles, wasps, flies,
spiders, bugs, & vertebrates.
Parasitoids – Adults usually do not consume pests,
although some do. Eggs are laid in or on pests;
developing larvae consume pests. Reduce feeding
and prevent development into an adult.
Very important in natural population control. Usually more
so than predators.
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Parasitoids
Copidosoma in cabbage
looper larva
Trisulcus basalis on stink
bug eggs
Trichogramma on an
earworm egg
Voria, a tachinid fly parasitoid of
many caterpillarsAphid parasitoids
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Minute pirate bug
Lacewing larva
Assassin bug
Ground beetle
Nabid
bug
Big-eyed
bugSyrphid fly life cycle
Ladybird beetle life
cycle
Predators