insecta (subphylum hexapoda) - horticulturebc.info orders.pdf · insecta (subphylum hexapoda) head...

Insecta (subphylum Hexapoda)

Head + thorax + abdomen One pair of antennae Adults may have wings on thorax Thorax with 6 walking legs Pests, predators, or benign to horticultural crops Collembola‡, Dermaptera, Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera^,

Homoptera^, Isoptera‡, Odonata, Orthoptera, Thysanoptera^ Diptera*, Coleoptera*, Hymenoptera*, Lepidoptera*,

Neuroptera*

‡ Not tested in Apprenticeship or in HORT 1217. ^ Note that some newer resources may now include Homoptera and Thysanoptera as suborders

of Heteroptera or refer to all three orders as belonging to the “Hemipteroid Assemblage”. * Be able to distinguish between larvae of these orders with complete metamorphosis.

Insect Orders s © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture

Class: Insecta

Collembola

Springtails No metamorphosis: E, P >> A Chewing mouthparts concealed in head Antennae variable: and with 4-6 segments Abdomen with fork-like tail and clasp Wings absent Small (most < 2 mm) Found in soil, duff, growing media ‡ Not tested in Apprenticeship or in HORT 1217

Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture

Collembola‡

Collembola ‡ : springtails Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture

Dermaptera

Earwigs Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A Chewing mouthparts Antennae thread-like (filiform) Tip of abdomen with large pincers (forceps-like cerci) +/- wings (forewings short and leathery) Small to medium (5-25 mm) Soil, duff, foundations, on plants, in fruit


Dermaptera

Dermaptera: earwigs Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture

Ephemeroptera

Mayflies Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A# Mouthparts chewing on larvae & absent on adults Antennae small and bristle-like (setaceous) Elongate abdomen; tip with 2-3 caudal filaments Forewings triangular & 2-3x size of hind wings Adults with conspicuous abdominal appendages for

balance on water Small to quite long (5-35 mm) Aquatic (naiads); adults in wet areas & short lived


Ephemeroptera

Ephemeroptera: mayfly Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture

Ephemeroptera: mayfly nymphs Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture

Hemiptera

True bugs Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A Piercing-sucking ‘beak’ (originates on anterior of head

and folded under abdomen - opisthognathous) Antennae variable, most with 4-5 segments forewings modified to hemelytra (half leathery) Hind wings entirely membranous Wings form a triangular pattern on scutellum Very small (< 1 mm) to large (> 3 cm) Many habitats; very few are major plant pests


Hemiptera

Hemiptera: Dicyphus hesperus: predatory on whitefly, spidermite, and aphids Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture

Hemiptera: lacebug Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture

Hemiptera: lygus bug Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture

Hemiptera: stink bug and western conifer seed bug Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture

Hemiptera: Podisus maculiventris (predatory) Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture

Hemiptera: egg hatching Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture

Hemiptera: Macrolophus caliginosus (predator of whitefly) Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture

Homoptera

Aphids, scales, cicadas, leafhoppers, etc. Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A; (scale incomplete) piercing-sucking ‘beak’ but head orientation varies Antennae variable; usually setaceous Abdomen appendages: aphids have cornicles Most: four uniform membranous wings; variable Most small to medium (1-15 mm); cicadas big Habitat variable; many important plant pests and no

beneficial species

^ Note that some newer resources may now include Homoptera and Thysanoptera as suborders of Heteroptera or refer to all three orders as belonging to the “Hemipteroid Assemblage”.


Homoptera^

Homoptera: aphids Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture

Homoptera: cicadas Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture

Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture Homoptera: whitefly

Homoptera: mealybug Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture

Homoptera: scale Insect Orders © Kwantlen.ca/Horticulture

Isoptera

Termites Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A Chewing mouthparts Antennae straight, bead-like (moniliform) Abdominal-thoracic connection is broad +/- 4 wings (all similar in size) Small to medium (5-20 mm), different castes Rotting wood, soil, foundations

‡ Not tested in Apprenticeship or in HORT 1217


Isoptera‡

Odonata

Dragonflies and damselflies Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A Chewing mouthparts on larvae & adults Antennae small & bristle-like (setaceous) Abdomen long & slender Four large wings, about equal is size, many cross

veins Large insects: most 15-100 mm Aquatic predaceous naiads; adults in wet areas


Odonata

nymph head


Odonata: dragonflies

Orthoptera

Grasshoppers & crickets Gradual metamorphosis: E, N#, A Chewing mouthparts Antennae thread-like (filiform) Large hind legs (especially the femora); +/- cerci Leathery forewings hide membranous ones +/- Relatively large insects (10-100 mm) Terrestrial plant feeders


Orthoptera

Thysanoptera

Thrips Gradual metamorphosis: E, N1, N2, PP1, PP2, A Rasping-sucking, asymmetrical mouthparts Antennae bead-like (moniliform) Abdomen torpedo shaped; no appendages Wings (+/-) large & feathery (long hairs) Very small insects (< 3 mm long) Habitat: on plants (a few are predators of other thrips)

^ Note that some newer resources may now include Homoptera and Thysanoptera as suborders of Heteroptera or refer to all three orders as belonging to the “Hemipteroid Assemblage”.


Thysanoptera^

insecta (subphylum hexapoda) - horticulturebc.info orders.pdf · insecta (subphylum hexapoda) head...

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