insecticide resistance: genes for pest?
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Insecticide Resistance: Genes For Pest?. Donnie Day. Overview . What is a GMO? What is Bacillus thuringiensis ? What is Bt Crops? How does it work? Bt Safety Concerns . What is a GMO?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Insecticide Resistance: Genes For Pest?Donnie Day
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Overview What is a GMO? What is Bacillus thuringiensis ? What is Bt Crops? How does it work? Bt Safety Concerns
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What is a GMO? When a gene from one organism is purposely
moved to improve or change another organism in a laboratory
It is also sometimes called "transgenic" for transfer of genes
GM techniques also allow traits from different organisms to be applied, such as pest resistance.
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How its done Isolation of the gene(s) of interest Insertion of the gene(s) into a transfer
vector Plant transformation Selection of the modified plant cells Regeneration into whole plants via tissue
culture Verification of transformation Testing of plant Safety assessment
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What is Bacillus thuringiensis?
Bacterium that produces crystals protein (cry proteins), which are toxic to many species of insects.
Bt belongs to the family of bacteria, Bacillus cerus
Bt is also used in urban aerial spraying programs, and in transgenic crops.
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What is a Bt Crop?
Plants that have been modified with short sequences of genes from Bt to express the crystal protein Bt makes.
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How does it work?1. Insect eats Bt crystals and spores. 2. The toxin binds to specific receptors in the gut and the insects stops eating.
3. The crystals cause the gut wall to break down, allowing spores and normal gut bacteria to enter the body.
4. The insect dies as spores and gut bacteria proliferate in the body.
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Bt Safety
Bt products are found to be safe for use in the environment and with mammals.
Bt has not been shown to have any chronic toxicity or any carcinogenic effects.
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Concerns Resistance
Cross-contamination of genes
Invasiveness
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How? In a population of insects there may be
a few individuals that carry the genes for resistance
With every generation the number of resistant insects increase.
Unavoidable?
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diamondback moth is the only insect found to have developed resistance
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Minimizing Resistance Alternate Bt applications with synthetic
insecticides
Crop rotation
Refuge Planting
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Refuge Planting
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Summary What is a GMO? What is Bacillus thuringiensis ? What is Bt Crops? How does it work? Bt Safety Concerns
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Questions ?