Penguin BooksInside Bo-ss

Gordon ITinterr the son of a Yorkshire pub-keeper, ran awty to London at the age o,f qI"*ana Uicarne a page-boy, wine-waiter, cocktailbar-man, club-tout, poolroom-hustlerr illegal gaminpjoini front-man and burglar. Irt 1955 he wa-e-

sentenced to twenty-one months' imprisonment forstealing silver and property valued at dro'ooo froma milli-onaire's mansion in Sussex. Betrreen 1956

and rs5o he lived in Tangier whert he becafieinvolved in arms smuggling. He was married in 1958

to the daushter of a wealthy Frelch Intelligsnceofficer whd ran brothelg in Morocco; h9--was

divorced in 196r. In an attempt to start a new life he

eettled in South Africa in January 196o and became

a crime reporter on an anti-aparthcid^new-splqeJ in

Johannesbtug. He was recruited by louth-Africanintellisence

-in rs63 after befrieirding the i*rriPremiir John Voiitei. In 1966 he was ofrcially de-po"t"a frlrn South Africa after his eun was used ini *n"a"" allegedly connected wittr the notorigusRi"lt"td.ott gang' The deportation was a cover forBOSS spviie,activities in Britain between 1966

ana rgz+.-HJwas the first journalist qo-interviewmale-model Norman Scott in r97r which led toBOSS promotion of the now world-famous Jeremyitrorp" t"*dal. He returned to South Africa intg74'and in 1976 was appointeqB9lS- propa-

*"dist on The Citizm, an EngfishJangsage

ii*tp"p.t secretly formed and funded by BOSS'Gordon l7inter defected from BOSS in May 1979

and is presently living in lreland. He ls rramied to

iorrner'fastrion editor Wendy- Kochmsn and tbey

have two children, GuY and Katie

Gordon Winter

South Africat s Secret PoJ.ice.'

Penguin Books

Pcngda Loo*r $dl rraraoqribwrth' Midallcielr' EdghndP.cnaub booftr' oat Medeoa Avcnuc, Nes Yoqt' Nc* Yol* rooaa' U.S..LPcoguir Booei Auitralia Lt4 Ringwood, Victori.tAittcdiaPcr*uin BooLs C"ans& Lt4 28ot John Stretr,Mrttham, ontario' ern ds L3n rr{Prnguin soolt (N.Z') Ltd' rSa-r9o pdrru Rord; Aucklaad ror Ner ?.caland

"' ':' ''Fi* Dnbtr*ia4 rgtr

Copyright @ Gordon \finter tgtrAll righo rcoarcd

... Ma& ead prftttd in G!.l' Bdtain bYi Rl&rdchy(TtcChauccrPtc$)I*4,, , Bungey, Sufiolt.r 'S€t ia Moootypc Ptsnti! LiSht

EGFc h thc UDitcd Stalcl d Amice' thit bool fu rotd rubitctbtt €onditio that it thrll !s, by wry of trdc c othcrwng bc lcatr

:' . ta.sot4'hired out, or otbcrrirc circulated without thcpubliehcr's prior mscnt in any form of bindnS or covcr other thaothet itr which it ir publisbcd rnd without e almilcr condition

':. including tr';" cooditioo bciag tnporcd o tlc rubrcqucot purcbercr

t;t, i.'

To nty son Ctto6 alhose birth opmed W eles,

andnry wife WmilY, wlu h6 4 tlraorY.

-St* btli*tt I kept metiaious recor&

dilring my s2litg career

:because i always had a subconscious desire

for the truth to conrc utt.J wou.td tike to belieue shc is.right.

Part One

I2

J

4

5

6

78

9IO

II

T2

r3r4r5

16

,7r8r920

2T

22

23

24

C0NTENTST,"-,.

Introduction 9

The First Beuayal rgJohn Vorster 19

H. J. van den Bergh 34The Black \ffarriors 54

Journalists and Jews 8rThe Truth About That BombBram Fischer rorThe Prisons Act Trial fi4The Ridrardson Gang r3rDetention Dtary rpDeportation r55

A Bad Start r6jInfiltration .168

Jill Evans r84

Wilfrid Brutus r9o

Dennis Brutus 2o3

BOSS Is Formed 2t3Winnie Mandela zz\Adelaide and Oliver Tambo 24rNelson Mandela z1o

Robben Island Jail 256

The Escape Plot 264 ,. ,iThe Four-million-pound ForgryPlot 284

South African Agents in Britain 2gj

%

, i.illffir'il d{,;i

T

,rr,.lit1,.

|t),,iij,i

,.,':.,'A.: I aii:. ,i,1::' 'i.

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, :

,11.r:,:,:,*

25

26

27

28

29

3o

3I32

33

*35

36

37

38

39

40

4rp43

M

BOSS Intriguec' rp1. ,..r,: ' : :

The Smearing of Stan Viner 356Seaing Up Peter Hain 37oBringing Do ,n ]qremy Thorpe 394British Intelligence lVloves In 4ttHong Kong assigment 4zr

, Gatsha Butb€lezi $ld the CIA p7False British Passports for BOSS Mz

Expooed U9R€d Henings +6oThe Citizcn 475How They Banned Tlp Vorld 493Murder aod Mutti=mitlion Fraud 5oo'Deepthroat' jr5Fellow Travdlers 52"6

Military Intelligence Secrets S4zAn Eye for an Eye 5j9Bits and Pieces 568Tornrre in South Africa JBoAchildlsBorn 6o7

Indqr 64

:l ::'1irt'i ..

INTRODUCTION

I am sitting at an old kitchen table in the bedroom bf acottage in Ireland and have just finished this book. V7titingit was the most traumatic experience of my life.'As Ifinished each chapter aqd it wai read by my wife, \Vendy, ,

she said either 'How could you have done such a teriblething?' or ''You must have been insane.'Always condprrinii-tion - but condemnation I knew was decerved. It reachedsuch a'point that I pushed the tlpewriter aside arid 'inthe depths of depressiorr spent seven weeks digging ttregarden and sawing so many logs that I filled a bam to theroof.

It was a mixture of guilt and frustration. The frustrationbeing that I wanted ihe world to know the truth aboui ,

BOSS and the whole South African ser-up as quickly appOss-ible. As a hard news rq)orter of nineteen years; standingI was so used to getting my work published within hours.-that writing a book for publication a year hence was dis-couraging. But it's done now, although it took nine fironths'reseaich, six months'writing and afmy wifets patience. '

At this point I would like to stress, because the SouthAfrica4 government and BO S S see a Communist or a CIAagent under every bed, that no political movement helpedme to compile this book in any way whamoever. It wis alldone from my own files, notebooks and diaries or fi.les fromBOSS headquartersin Pretoria. I am, however, indebtedto the Intemational Defence and Aid Fund in London,whose publicly iszued fact papers helped refresh my memorywhen writing Chapter 43, 'Torture in Sou*r Africa'.-,r\ndeven that tells only half tire story.

"Imust also thani Sandy Perceval, asplendici Irishfalms _

who hid me away deep in the woods of his Counly q|igbgstate. He kept my secret, and so did sweral other localsin the town of Ballymote

,Ttranks go also to alittle Irish colleen; B€ffiadetteMahoa,

who tj'ped mcxrt of the manuscript. Enen if she did insiatmrwelltng,pri€st with a capital P atl the time, she madeup for it by saying a nine-day (Novena) prayer for thisbook

Thgy sey that once 1nu have dined with the Devil it is

difiA{t to learrc the banquet, My answer to that is that it's' I *pifiard when the peop-le at the table start tomake you vomit.i:. Thal is hixr I feel about South Africa. I do not know where

I am going or how I shall make a living. But I knwl one*ring. I shall continue disclosing Sorrth Africa's secree.This brings me to make one requesl,Ifimything umrsual orrrnhappy happened to snyone after drev met me (durirqg theseven years I spied for BO S S in Britain), I would appreciateit if they would write to ne, care of my Publishers.

..- Aplogi* '

Throughout this book I have constantly put apartheid-typeI :sracial labels' on people by describing them as Africans/Kafr rsft{gtives/B antu/Coloureds/Bushmen/Blacks[ftrites IPinks an$ even Reds. But not to hqve done so would travemadE"it aimcr.rtt for the uninitiated reader to oomprehendthe,thini<ing processes of BOSS/the Afrikaner/Pretoria/

, the Souttr African govenunent and all those ufhite votem, who keepr that regime io power.

" itnother irpology should perhaps go, to some of tlre, 'individuals-nanoed in various etrcerpts I have taken from. .' BOSS files. \t(/.hile most of them will no doubt feel,,' bgtroured to be on BOSS's hate list, it is important to,r :eqdphasize that the BOSS asses$rcnt of a person wa$ @'.'",t[!says dght. My use of thece BOSS e:(€rpn is' a88b'',... 'nlaiflly intended to dernoqstrate the often strange thinking: orodss€s of the men who rule 'u0hite' South Africa- The

iinal and most important apolog must go to all iournallsm, , d0ywhete in ttre world. I betrayed their profe*siorr an'd'I &, noi etpect m be forgiven for thbt. To thern t can orllf,ttg; that, inspiteofmy disgracefutprofessi,onalcqnduc&.,&:real

1:)

': :t:

. ,';.. .;

rxrh.ooucrloN' rr

iorriralist surfaced.ln lrre at"last. As ttrcy'say-in iournalism: ,

'The tnrth will alwErs out.' And that is exactly what tttisbook is all about.

Dublin,3o January rgSr

i,'.,,:fl,',r1:

Port One , :, , :

I . TH E FIRST BETRAYAL

'My name is Campbell,' said the man on the phone, spesk-1ng so quietly it sounded as though he was afraid of beingoverheara. 'Vould you like to come and have a cup of teawith me in the tearoom at the corner of Kruis and Cqmn,rnissioner Sueets? I've got somettring very important'to,discuss with you.'

,'All right,' I said. lBut what'sThere are two on that corner.'

The caller hesitated for a few seconds then stammercd:'Er - it's, er - it's called Campbell's.'

It was a bad start for a cloak-and-dagger rendezvous. But'Mr Campbell' recovered quickly.

'I don't have to give you a deociption of myself. I knq$iwhat yo-u look like. I'll,stand up when you enter dte tea-room.t

As I walked into Campbell's, a tough-looking baldingblond rose from behind a rubber plant in the far cornErandsmiled at me. I knew him. It was Colonel Att Spengler' whohad built up a fearsome repirtation as head ofthe Johannes'burg section of the Sectrrity Police. Rumour had it ttnt hehad been traqsferred to Pietoria after a personality clash

with senior officers and had been pushed down into somcboring police training programme. '

'Agh, man. That's all rubbieh,' he told me when Iraisei the subiect. 'I'm working with H. J.:van deeBergh in sening up a completely new secret service. HI'sasked'me to find out if you would be interested in ioiningus.t

I was filted with orciternent and pride at thethought of'k;Ihad come:to Sorrth Africa frcm Britain in 196o - not ss 8s:ordir1ary immigrant but ae a burglar with ttuee corruictloneand anrenty-one-month iail sentence behind me iu Lonfu:-

the name of the caf6?

My intention had been to start a new life, and the countryhd been good to me.

1r' 'r As ltrt* would have it, I had become iivoh'ed with a richr, rniddle-iged woman who had porverful connections in ths

South Af,rican publishing world. Knowing my backgroundand my wish to go straight! she had suggested I,should try

", woqkingas a crime rcporter for a newspaper. Through a top-'' ltvel introductionr from her, I had landed a iob on the anti':; apartlreid rewspaper, ttre joUnnesi"ng Sr;"doy gwa:

: tainly no shortage of crime to reporr. South Africa is arincredibly violent society. There is an assault rcported b thepolice everytwo minutes, a rape wery half-hour; a burglaryevery horrr, a robbery wery threehor:rs arrd a diurder qreryninety minutes. ' l

In three short years I had becomc a ivell-known iournalist, So hsd theMinister of Justice as a personal coniact; NowLyp bemg offered cream on top of the cake in the form of

r: ' a iob an a secret agent.It had all really srarted in 196r, when I had betrayed two

young lovers to the Johannesburg police.

:The @cere had ilieir revolvers drawn as they burst into thetiay one-rmmed flat that sunny Noverrber aiternoon. Thehraid was a mrplete success. In ftont of them, sitting on asingle be4 were a yonng couple errbracing. They were fullydr€ssed, yet'one ofttre policernen spat on ttre floor anddrnrted'You disgr:sting little bitch! How could you debaseyourself by kissirrg an animal like ttrat?' ,

: T.lere was no more talking. The police grabbed thecourrterpane off the bed along with the sheets and:tlrennrshed the youn6ters downsairs to a squad car par*ed onthcr p$/erncnt outside the front door. The car sped themround to the Disuict Surgeonls office where they were zub-iected to what ttre potce rnockingly call the 'racial purltyFstf. They wete undressed and srnears were taken fi.dntbem" ,Tlreir rmderrgear: was oramined and so werc dlc$bee$ and. the countcrpane. , ' '1r. ,', ;

': :'.:'

Thc young mur q636 rrrimal^ On 6c coTgrertilF ry a

roohirti*t.j and handsorne )'drng tournalbt Hb _TiFeo* tU"t tr. UuA a Bhck ekin and the girl he loired w1s wu1te, '

His narre qflss tse'Ijluw He was-nnerry{o{ and wor*err '

us "

r*po"ret on Sou* Africa's famans'Black netffiPapsfi

Forr: ttte gitl wac "tuotitn",

niaeteen*yer-o$.Pan@i;i;,; oftrto unirrcreiry sbrdcot frm a niddlFchs*Jenrisfr;familY.' ' :: '

Any mmance scross dre colorrr line is ilry* in,Sq*Afri;r the laod of :r,mial ptrity'; so Jog sod Pamelahsl

l*oGat*,"ry otarL vi*":ilibt park wereott of't&F: ,

,qt*tio". For-dreor to be.s€€q.in publig ia any'wa.V n'lq; ,

ie$d"- tbey wereon equaltermgwould trs\rc s$$ in81ag1"

ffi. \id;;tftt *"tk d T +"-'r"'T toqqther, Ioe,f.,il*J-":ai"creet nro pas behind psmelal.with a largp

;il;; i" his.trands: This g:dne tbe imprtssiur he was thslMadamtst s€rvant.-'iil;6;"i;

i*" ,t*v met secretlv at \Erious hmec d'h;d"';Viti"'ei*d".'rnit u*-" ioo aangerotrs bccatsL

" **lo gH visitor to any mlect Whirc srea soo{r beco$es

kro;vn" Then they found a perfect meetinglplace' ll.*Tonlv a tatry, oneroorned flat in an old, r€nt-cffrgollecl blocx

in-ientrat Jotrannesburg, but to them ay-*-" gf- come

""t*.tlttu U"*Aiog had iiany tenans' so Black deli*cr5r P

**" i. *A out -all

Oay aeUvering groceries and ttre rrSn*'

fnit *otnn th€re wer; no raised-eyebrours wlrenever'fop:

wanea in carrYing a Parcel. ' :

" Til"**1 i*itt Lr *," flat was a'pr€tty.little. bboqs'model, Joy de Koc*" Stre was a grest nmarfric Pd fi rytrer 6&aous pleasure to let Joe'end Pamr{a use her

il;; -*$- ;"d";"*-gut iov made sc cristake of;.lit"" mc auout thelovcrs b*-ina &e lcase for tbc dct':

;;'ii ili ttalrre *a trt" * nrv grrl-ftiend I- had'giveo

il rh" flL. when I mord to a:bfuger one a few moo6q'

,.. 'l:;:;::-..

eirlier.dief. . ' '. i ,''..,.-i-;,k ob inr-orrntion' $ry.,*.11|lTjl m',ef ;'." t"high-renkiug'olD officer''I'trad noqhi4€; p6-*rI

"g"tttc ei&,"r of'*Jbvem;'It wasp* 4F f rylnr"I

aeeded.ts makgsome high-l€vel cantace in the,police folce

librarian at theBv an astonishing coincidence, Sue Deas, a young,riii* at the Rani Daib Mail offices in JohannesburgDaily Mail offices i

" if'I was'going to succeed ss a erime feporter. :

i.l ',1oe anl Pfri:la never stood a chance. They were atfesd

' .eaa charged with cortraveering the infamous knmoralityAct" whiJh forbids sex betrreen persons of different raceI grctrps. Because they were a good-looking youns couple the

. , @se receiled wide cwerage in the press.-1 : Pamela Beira iunped 6ail and fed from South-Africa

before the trial. Joe was found guilty and sentenced.,to-*k$onths. He appealed and was released on {loq bail.'ButJoe had no iniention of waiting for the appeal to come uq.ell ne wanted was time to plan his eccape fronr Sout]t

' Africa. And,. paradoxically, I was to asgist hifii in thia

approached me dnd asked if I would be willing to help Iqeleave the country illegally. Vhen I agreed, Stre invited rae

to a pat'ly beinghelilto celebrate Joe's departure. My girl-friend, Joy de Kock, was not invited because, to protect

myself from suspicion when Joe and Pamela were arrestedI irad spread a false rumour that Joy had betrayed them tottre police in order to get herself off- a drugs charge. - :.

Ioe Louw gave rne a bear-hug embrace when I arrivq{ a1

tfri pa"ty. ffe aia not suspect for one moment that I.hadAeeti

"e*ioroible for his arrest. There were ten other-people

lhere, Nbt one of them was a mernber of any po-litical party'Aubrey, a well-known comrnercial photographer, tre$: hisca so-that Joe could be driven out ofthe country. Stevewho became a leding Black iournelist himself several yqars

later, agreed to drive Joe to a remote spot neaf SoBttr.Afrlia's-border with Bechuanaland (now Botswana). Tbeothers clubbed together to provide Joe !n& eneoeqgrnoney once he had left South Africa. I paid {lo towards his

oetrol and food costs during the five'hour iourney.As a iournelist working on an anti-apartheid newspapor I

.van aslied also to,write s gtory about !oe's dramatig esepero frecilom. Thie suited me perfirtly. By helpiagihim Iwouldbe gbining arqrutatrion 8s a'liberal', end qe;aboils I

'i, : ::.r l

.l r,tr8 r tn$.f,trxn*aff 4L' :!7

l' 't;-rilti"t Wtti* lived. He broke away and lirred with

r gtu"kt in Black townships. By doing this he 1'as byryng

ifrf fi*,-f, ""t", " efa& are; a V,hite must first obtain.a

sss settfurs an exc[site- The story turned drn to be better

;;.iHfffiffi;**. anottrcrrnsn fled from sotntr

;tr; #;-ff'ffi. H.."t*P*e- dc Lisetoy,t$rb{tlv-8;;fo -iiO"."r"tt hmity in Chicago' Arrrerican f{e'w

*ianl"n rtioow ad econfucs at Hannrduniv€rsity'andffi;;ifii;'f".h Africa with eighten other r{arvadsi.ra.tttt on a six-rnonth study tour'

-

Feter de Lissovoy ** ot'ty ninageq -but he rvas'old

*;;;h .o-t ro* ttrat tre toattrid apartheid the msment he

;;."i;;;;;;#;irh ir n" *"joot interestedin *@

soecial permit. Peter did not bother'"";;;;;a;a u u"a" union meeting io Natal an4-eeve 1

m-io-Cttief Albert Luthuli, the l9d9r 9f the banned

efti""" N"tlonuf Congress (ANC), whohad been lwardldii;; ii;il i;c. Priziin rebo' tie south African.seouitvtiit-,*t:" dim view of itris young Vnitq Araerigan w{n

ffiil;;-"rtatr"* to a Black man' Thev plled hip'inlilt*akr*ule alienr category and ordered him to leave

tlie countrY within seven days'*'i'ii* *-**uv *nted this, and, when he heard through

.hb;i;"k$p""ine that Joe Lourr.was ptannilg P ql*;*t

-Sou,fi-e'rti"", thought {t would b9 wetic iustice {or

ili* *" "*"*p*v i"a ndp Joe during hig escape' Whgl the

il;;;"tedfreedom dev senlqe a photograph show-

i;;;;-**ai"g tog"th.t ai the Lobatsi border post lfpiuit a few feet outside South Africm territory. I used |Iu8

il;;;;; irr"*.r" mv stgrv about their dramatic escape'*

Ioe Louw went on to become a successful iournalist in

d;;. H" ""tti.uea

fame when he took the photographs

#fi;[" L-;iG Kins's bodv lving on a Memphis motel

iJ"""u.*"nds after iire assassination in 1968':S#d" ;J;; niiitt" south ALrican headlinee a4q iatot"tW-*-**"g pt Marcetino dos Santos' drf .:*l"ii*ia"ira

of the Mozambique freedom movenrent l'r€rimo''Tl* jJ"oo"sjbtme sndivExdeis,'rs'Aprili9d'*'';''rj'i"' ' ' :'; I i'i'

".1

,,it:i:;

'/,

'. .'I ^; tr '

fS, i IltSI,Dts BOSS

My betrayal of Joe Louw certainly helped to convinceenior police officers ttrat I was a valuableinformer whowas'well ih' with Blacks turd'fibprals. That is how I first rnade

top-level contacts at Police Headquarters in Pretoria -which started me on the patlr towards beeoming a full+imespy for South African inielligence.

,i,1.1'' .f i:].l

' Li- ,i"' :-. /'t!l+

. ,. '; i;'M,

J'

JOH N VORS.TER

Not all.Englistrmen were bad, according to South Afrlqld'newly appointe4 tough Minister of Jryri* Balthttzs!'

i*t""Voitt t, in an intErview shortly after he took officc inf.ig"qtt96t. I" f"ct, there was one in panianlar he woirl'cl

ltd; #* again, hi added.Vorster had-been placed in an internmem camp in South

Africa during the Seoond rU(/orld \Mar because l" qT u

mernber of ihe Ossewabrandwag (Ox-waggon Guard), atigbt"li'iag movement whieh was viotently anti-Semitic and

aieea wittr Hitler's ideas ol racial purity'.I|" ry{ Fnt"-ctoni"t hoped for a Nazi victory and tried to hin{e1Oi *.t etrort by urging Souttr Africans not to fight wtt!B;ittt" .gtttt"t rS"t"i"nv.-',iilttitu--in erned, a Gptain varchadr Fd be* oue bfv;G;t.J;il*" iru *u"^ such d decent ctrap that

-ttS hla

knitted V6rster s blanket or overcoat during gne bitter.ly

ffJ*i"qo. That was the Englishman the itrstice &Iin-isier wanted to meet again and chat to about the olddays.. i w* a lowly crime reporter at the time and assuch would

.'iiardly be allowed to interview a top politician like ]ohnVorsier. But I was ambitious and always kepi my eyes'opery

f,or ways to ingratiate myself with any 'senior govemment, men ia Pretoria. Seizing on Vorster's comments about

'Captain lFatcham, I telephoned Army Records and askqd

iitre was still listed on ttre Officers' Reserve.-- Y*. ie was.'His narre was Aubrey Trevor Tfarchaq and

I he owned the Grand Hotpl in Kwuman, a small town in''f . Se.Caf Frovinoe. Vhen I phoned C"pJ"i" Watcham said;-.r, he would like to meet Vorster for a chat about old times, so I' ohoned the Minister's office and a meeting was ar-ranged;

,- Vorrt"r *as tickled pink that amesrberof ttrebarcd English-

,it,

'';;

,rt,;

' eglr.:rr*s}$F.BCIgs

him or from his deparunent.

Flgtgge press should go to nrctrtrouble in tracing Captaictffatctram. He was so pleased he said I could writJabout it.Vtrg the stoty appeared,* Vorster phoned me to say fcluld contact him at any time if I needed information from

. , . IOFI{rfo.lS[8*',2tr,16 96e,'hin to discuaeit- An,rypointrneat{uro {!tnng$ forg'prrq.,on Thursdafi t6'July I&. ,,.

Weiring a dark suit and sombre tie, with my hair rcwlycut to a short bd and sides; I arrhrcd flfteebminutes Gerly atUnion Building, a massive oe$ent-shaped edifioe, wbichls the seat of govemment in the Tra$vaal. John Vomtersas bury, lmd I $at in the umiting monl until3..2? p.h,,'Ihsd,been.nerrrdus wben I arrivd, and that:errtra wait,mdpne feel worse.

.tt last l:wm ushered in o se the gleat mar, IIis 06A9was the size of a cricket pitch' with a high ceilingi boohcasesItning the walls, and beaqy red velvet drapes framing thcvfordow$, thmugh one of which I ould see across &e city 6the Voornekker Monument, the Afrikanere'sacred rnem.orial to Piet Retidaad his followss who in 1836 riade theGreat Trck frsm,thegrowing English influence in tt€ Cape

Vsrster stood up behind his masgive, old-fbstrioned car-vd desk, stiook hands with me and eaid he could glrc ncemctly,fiftepn'ridnutes. Hc was tall and tlrick-set - the onlyman I have ever known to have a sqrffrre pot be[y. Hie,tmdy.lnoved in ii hcavy, lumbering way. But not hismind.'"harmqved viciously fast.' He wastd,no time with pleasantries.

'{'ve ehecked with ttre SecUrity Branchr'hesaid, sgnkingslowly and precisely. 'Because Sdby is overseas you oa!r, ifyou wish, publish details fmm his lef,ter.'

, His precision,flumrnoxed me. Itleft mewittrorn a qtreetionts_ask.'This was e@barrassing, so I resorted,to honesty. ;

'That's a piry;'I $aid. 'It would havebeen a much betterstory if I had obtained speciat pemrission from you to qurrtca banned rnan. That's what I came hoping f,or. . .'

,Vorstef, was deltghted by sny plain-speaking and pleasedthar I, *n Bnglistmtm woiting.on aa anti-governrner*newspaper, was clearly keen to befriend him.

I was again'frank and told Vor*er that I was not Iunbiased as hemig&t thtnl(

'The truth is Itm acnrally quite ignomnt atout Sen&.Aeican politicsr" I said, 'All I reatly care about istop€dnurs in epvgtpqfnt ee thgt I caq g* gq€d,ctotlc$,l

:Although I phoned John Vorster several times durinetlrc months that bllowed, it was not until May rq6z that icurld take full advantagB of his "f*.-ifr" oppornrnityarose when I rwived a letrer, omi{aining about-a story'l,had wrinen,.from'a South African

"i*ua .G"ofa S"fUy-#fro

lived in East Berlin.

Excapt fron senet BO S S filx: ' , I

'SELBY, Arnold Herbert Alfred White nrale aduk,Known as Cornrade Arnold. C,ard carrying merrber of

':$esouth African Communist Iiafiy tSdeFl. Infltttedfre.African Tertite \Porkenst Uiid,u and'became itsgeneral secretary in r95 r. Later was organiser of N"rt*"tUnion of Distributive Workers, pretoria. Fted ftornSouth Africa fearing arrest on Immorality Act chargclin196o. He was known to be having an illicit relatioriship$ith leannene THOMAS, a.Coloured wolnaa fm;,Cape Town They now live as nran and wife at FrirzHeckert Strasse r, Brcrnau bei Berlin, East Germany.Sdby was awarded.Communist *peace Medal. (lg6g)Sr his political propaganda work as an editor iii-Ai

..A&ican Section of Radio Berlin International.,

Vhen I received the letter from Arnold Selby I kncw-Icould no1 write a story about it because he was-bannCd i1rlSouth Africa and nothing he said oi wrote coU!{ be,pub-.lished. Then I hit on a Jnrnt, never done beforc. I wLUaask ttrc Minister of Justiceto grant me special permission to,euote from the letter. I phoned John Vorster and told him I,. , ,:,

r. ';:wanted to gtlack",funold Selby and his letter in a lerrg$h1 . ,,,

Ibcturc article. Vorster liked the idea and n ggestcd i6&1,.,!:,, .,' .:t*$obrnncsburg Serd,q, Etcprat, ro Scptenrber 196r. .. , :'"i1.11'11J11 , I

.,,-.,;,

- ,ir

. :.;ii*ti";'Fi?' lltilrr+:.

, r. ,:l::!i:

,':"i,.

,.;sffi

,. ;.t'Amd,lf.I give you good stories, would you present thefacts to your readers eractly as I gave them to you7 hredemarded.

, ,,r,;, ,\[hen I assured hirn that not one word would be changed,Voruter srniled Crfunly, shaking his head.

I ,,, , lYou can't give me that guarante€r'he said. 'Most of the.iileniqr people working on your newspaper and its sister

1 :,.paperg tlte Rand Daily Mail and the Sunday Times, ateCommunists, Communist fellow-ravellers or iust plain'dumb fools being duped by the Communists.'

I was astounded. I knew all the political writers in my,corqpany opposed apar*reid and most of *rem hated tlre: Nationalist government. But I was surprised that Vorsterthought they were all Communists or Comrnunist dupes.

As if to prov€" his point Vorster challenged me to.narpeiust one political correspondent or columnist in my news-paper group who was pro-government. I coqfounded hftnwith one name - Meyer Albert 'Johnny'Johnson who hadtaken wer as the editor in chief of my newspaper one yearearlier.

Before driving to Prqtoria to see John Vorsrer I had toldJohnson the reason for my trip. He was thrilled ttrat I hadmenagedto get a privateinterview with Vorster and told meI should do my very best to cultivate him. As editsr hewould allow me to publish whatever Vorster said. TheSttndoy Express would even build Vorster up as a strongman. Johnson r4ade only one proviso - that he must be fteeto criticize Vorster editorially when he felt like it.

. John Vorster looked astonished when I told him this. 'Areyou quite'sure your editor said that?'he asked.

For a moment I was scared. I wondered if Vonter wasangry.,In a moment of panic I visualized hingiving thestory to the Afrikaans press. But Vonter sensedmy dismayapd reassured me by pulting his:tall.backed wooden ctraifmtrnd the dsk and sitting down nsrt to me. He smiled and,Fattd r-lY,knee paternally.

,'Afii I right in, this assessment?' he asked. 'JoltmyJpbnsoa is relativdy new as the editor of the Stew

, p4 : lNS!..sE BO$.8 "afternoor'5 and if there were any stories he would give themto nre. To start the bdl rolling he gave rne the,first bigscoop. He said the National,ist govefnment was tired of allthe,ami-South-Africa hatred, published in ov.erseas news*papefo andmagazines. Muoh ofthis hatred, he sai4 origrn-anedfrom banned people who had left South Africa and wereliving overseas. In 'future the government would make itillegal for any oveffieas newspaper, book or.magazine m be

. distributed in South Africa if it contained any statementsmade by a banned person.

Johnny Johnson was delighted with this censorship storyand published it over a page.* Vorster had also given meanother important story about a list of benned people v,'hichwas.to be released later. This story \ras front-paged. ,.r ,

', It was the start of a secret political love affair which wasto contioue for many years. Iohn Vorster gave me'exclu*iraeiutqrvrews or lcaked fmnt-page.r,rews,stories to rrte tqularhfsofi ttren on. Editor'Johnson repaid Vorster m prornisedW,building him up as a tough, no-nonsense Minister ofJustice. This made Vorster the most popular member of tlreCabinet as far as most Afrikaners were concernedandgained*re government man)t new voters in the English-speakilrgcamp.

Johnson rardy atracked Vorster in his leader columns,but when he did he gave him a vicious pasting. But Vorstersat ba{k b€nignly and hardly ever cornplained. In Octobertg6z" iust three months after Jotrnson, Vorster and I hadset up our deal, Vorster made history by allowing anEnglish-speaking journalist to enter a prison.and onduct anindependent inquiry into allegations of vicious brutality. -

I was tliat isnrnalist, and ttre man Vorster let me inter-view' was the Pgn-Afticauist Congrese leader, RobertSobukwerrwho was sendng a thlee*yaor eentence forinciternern which led to the infamous Sharpeville shootings,

Allegetions liad been published, in London's wee,klyTr*uru, then edited by Labour MP.Miotrael Foot, tlw$,obuhrye,was criticalty iU qfte(.beif,g bcateo and brutalid

ri Johemcsburg Wy Ettrassrzg Jr{Sl962^ r , r . . 1, r.

IS.K"!I VORSfBR ' 25 , ']- . r-:'.i

by \ff'hite warders,! Being hamperod:bfilhcr tgggrr!'risons 1.,|#Act, South Afi.ican newspapers could not publish Ti*tntAs ., 't6claims. : 1, ,. .. i

John Vorster gave me permission to see Sobukqrcj.in ' .iil

Pretoria Prison. I interviewed him for an hour, durhlg ,':which he denied being beaten or ill-treated in any way. T{i& , .,

intervierv rvas embarrassing.because Sobukrre AenUerqlf ' ,,,jioverdid it. He said he had no complaints to make aboutprison. The staffwere decent to him. His cell was clean andwafirt- He was allowed.books to read and study. He was r

learning French. What Sobukwe was telling me was ilrst too ,',i,nigood to be true. He was an implacable enerny of the South , :t it:

African goyernment and everything it stood for, and hewae :rl

trying to tell me he had nothing to complain about. : i,' ,',t'

It'c no secret that the "food rations given to Blacks in iail ,',,

are diabolical. Even Whites complain, and their food is far ' ,l

superior to the food given to non-Whites. But when I asked ,, r.i

Sobukwe what his food was like, he refused to knock it. This ;

rdgghd rne because he was obviously tying. In desperationI tried a trick question.

tAre yorqsaying it's,better ttran the food your wife qaolGdfor you?'

'Oh no. It's not the kind I would ,choose outsider? tiereplied. 'But itos sufficient to keep me of sound mind andbody,' he added dipl,omatically.

As he said this Sobulave looked cautiously at eolonel'Thys' Nel, who had been assigned by the Prisons Corn-missioner to sit in during my interview. Colonel Nell€ftmy side dnly rwice as I talked to Sobukwe: onee whdrliheordefed tea for me and Surtday Express phqtograph€rJimmy Soullier, and the other time when Jimmy went to*re toilet. As Colonel'Nel *atked to the door and pointedthe way for Jimmy, I leant forward and whispered toSobnkwe: ,'..iji

iI dont understand,why youte saying life in prieon bsnrch a bed of roses.'

Sobul*ve replied: llet's face it. There's no polnt in me* Trfume, 19 October 1962. 'i,l

ii ;jt.: I l. ',:'l

i;,i'. rffi .* i119gI0G.ii$6S3 il

:pritid.fuiry wnditisrag:' If. t;beharc mytelf, rtr'll' bo att ih,'*t@nthc.',r: .1C4n f quote you on'that?':I asked.. I ',i; .' IIe wad ahocked. ' No, fitr God's sab, dontt do tha! LookiThe,truth is that Colmre*Ncl cameto see ntson Tuesdry;me.Trih,sru was righq. I was besten by warders,widdingpick handles. But thbt uxs two years ago. I'rr better'now.ArlCNelsaid he would fix parole for.dre of my.colleagugefihrhePAC n'ho erc sen'ing long sentences if, I deni€d dte.ff:ribtfiir.story when you cartre to interview me. I ag6eed for.dre sake of my three friends. Don't spoil that.''I

was unable to ggt further d*ails from'Sobuhre because Colonel Nel returned to sit n€f,ttome st that moxnerrt"Later, when I.had finished the intervicw and Sobukwe hsdgone back to his ell, I got e shock. C-olonel Netrtold nretosit sad write tbe story I intended pubfibhiqg in thc Johsueebrsg .Sflndq, Express ; I told hiin'X,ould not do dris as tr l*ass teffibly slsw writer and it would take me at l€ast tsohonrs. NA smited and said time did not m€tter in prison, Iwould not be allowed to leave the prison until I had writrcnttre story and submitted a oopy of it to him for vetting. Hgadded that once he had approved my story I'would have toeigrr.e etaternent Cgaranteeing that it would appear withoutone word being dunged

Jimrny $oirllier and I werc aUocated a room where Imditwrite the story. I was not tlre slightect'bit worried by;w- censomhip aspect of all this. My personal panic was.thatiltnigbt writethe story in a way whkh would displease myeditor; who would be unable to change it. because I hadst$ed a sta&rn€nt promising that not one word would bealter,c.d., As'it happened' I had nothing to worry about.Cmemrin'n |imrry Soullier had worked on the SundsyFe1nas fsr serreral years and losril tlhg,pafler'sstyle p€r-foctty: In fact he dictated most of the story to me as he:read

,&p, ny notes. Wh€o theeditori $ohnny tohneon, read thesiogy he ,said it was.one of the best tr had ever wrinen l,ifeplasrs.dfqy tricks'like,thatl ,. i

The story ran as.,a: splash 'froot page.lead,aadt;aooss

Io.rtN,:YORSTEn'. ry

anotherpage instde ths paper.* Five photographs ofSobukwe were"used. All editors, whatever ttreir politics,will find it hard to repress- a smile when I explain thatJohnson broke the agreer-,nent I had signed with ColonelNel 'that the story be publisbed without any ctranges. Ihad started my story with the fact that Sobukwe had d€rlidoverseas brutality allegations. But Johnson changed,theihtroduction so that it read: 'The doors of Pretoria Prisonwere opened for the Stmdoy Express last week by the Mini-ster of Justice Mr B. ]. Vorster,. .' Johnson was givtngVorster his promised plry and there was nothing dreColonel could do about that.

The South African government got massive mileage outof the story. Through a front man secretly working in-

Germany for the South African Departnrent of Informatior5the story and pictures were given to Deutsche Press Agentur(DPA), which sent it out to about a hundred papers iaGermany. At least thirty of those papers gave it a mentisrthe nent day. At'the same time the South Afrien gove$1.ment republished the story in the weekly Digest oJ SwthAfncan Afrairs which is sent free to thousands of pople rillover the world. At that time I acted as a Johannesburg'stringer' for the British Smda5t Pictorial, so I pho:red thestory through to its news editor, Clif Pearson. \ But theSwiaq, P:b somehow sensed there was something fiohyabout it and never published a word.

The allegations that Sobukwe was critically ill had ori'ginally been made by a senior menrber of the Pan-AfricaabtCongress, Mr Pottako Lebalto, and he was intending toaddress a United Nations committee. ]ohn Vorster stymmLeballo by air-freighting several dozen copies of &e SmdatE4tress to Eric Louw, South Africa's Foreign ltinister atthe United Nations. He in turn handed the copies of thepaper - with pictures of a hale and hearty Robert Sobul$reon the front page - to many delegates at the UN, say!ry::'This is ,€n anti-goverqEtent, anti-apardrei{ neryryapcrin Souttr Africa. Read the tnrth about Robertr8obulfrbe,t. *Jobannesbug Srdq Exprasrz8 October tg6z i .' .::' ' '

his prsnise.

1$t;ffit"l8os;^ ,t,

lt*'ddntt,,knonr, how lixrch dmr@e.;thb 'did to Pod@L*iin'u *a*iutv, u"i-ii cett'ifrv cwld not have helped

,him.'brlo*f 'Thvs' NeL tlrc officer who had yulth{-:-:3

*Sl#*;,i ;ih s#-il. e ff*l:*TY^ *fffffiffi',;"k"ffi t" ou rni'*' D.PryAl:,:-:1":Sffi t**fi;;*:"''iiv-igi:-*"^?-111" :f::'#-Sffi;#'H.'ol"-"r*"v.?"t*ti1r lo *:.tu' 6: tPl n *'ilfrffit il ffi"k;;ff]'-h-4 given his cart? Tll^"jg,H';":illli""ii. fr; ;,;;d.' Mfit y.q' gaT ::*fffi ,"iJlalffit-,"p"a-tnvl"lerviewwith-s,ob'larct*l

toriN \toa8T8n' 20

ttrat I dominated tlre whole ebow' The'other two t"Ydt"il;e ilf*d srild pr+gqverrunent queetions qsd Vorster

;;-J;i""*b;d"tt.-vu"o it came to answering:ne" riilr.

"r,o"*lt"J to hear Vorster hesitate, tenrporize sPd ev'q

i;;;;;; p"ints. The questiong Geryld Refilv'hsd s€ft pqt

;;;;;# clerrer - but not thet clever' 't'oo*"'qr{'$::e

iltilfi*, a.u"*t, and no iournalists, not^ev€n the sqpcrtg'

;;;;,;i-.rf"';o"ra have wiped the floor with rne if'hnqanted. But he did not.mtec. 5ut Il€ qM llL'L'

\iihlthe-;t"gtamme ended, Vorster shook my hqndand

trt,ar r& rEs evv-vF --r - hispered conl.*rrltipt"v*g the iape back, had |tq*d Ty *

;;.ffi;fh oc ri,""L rtabit' Nel cad'rmed that he'had

;il# ,. p*"r" three of Sobukwe's friends if Sobukwe

ffiffiilJlai" "uo"i prison conditions, and he had k€pt

*{t**, the libcrals to ttrink you're a gyd.gu{.: If .Set

dtd"{b"lt*- your Sobuhn'e story tast week' they'll bclieire

vou now.'';;J;; it was, vhen ths broadca* was used the next

ar"-*" i.u*alist coUeagues were delighted' Th Lib€ral

i;""y ?il; d;funcq inviied me to tea' Mv editor gave me a

iir".'ittl l"hannesburg Srar splashed a smry "bolt .th"

;;;;il who trad giv6lohn Vorster a lard time' And to

ff,ffi:ti#;;.[ "" io" *" Progressive Partv^ i$ued a

A;ec;;;-;;G -*tt"tt which nraise{.mv '*iltuI cross-

*"*l""ti* of Vorster'.* I nerrer told anyoge ttrat my

ffi"it n"abeen dwised by someoneelse'*F# d;;uo;th" ;dt" b-roadcast' Vorster allowed me

.oiliffi-hira sn the subiea of hougg.ayest' He had iust

;;;d; n"o lott-"oburg rnen' Michael Harmel an{

;J;H;act";, tJ t***'rntti-tto* house arreet' wtleo *;.k;t";""r about Hodgson he sai$.he cotld not answer

rrnr ouestions because he-knew .nothing about the msf,t.

'iil""i,?J*"*"""nr* "a*it*iott' because in parliament

vffi;;ilF*tt.d Piogressive Party M P Helen Suzrnan

;;il;;;.id applv his-mind to'each and.ev{ gflU"O* s"bi*rittg: anyone to house arrest' Yet here he was'

i* -"*

.i"v adet i,taoing Hodgsgn under house antst'

i.nt"c -" tt" t o"t nothing about the man!

I knew it woutd *r["rE* vorster if I quoted him cor-

'* progrsiivc Pafty Poucy Directive No' 33, darcd p l-foiddryef

r#2.

-Iliirr-li :

{.1

*fffif;rdays arter th€.qoblk.u/e T:y 1ryj}I,{l1 '

v#'-fi.ft;; -i *gini.'.d *1t9 g:.ITl-T^?I"ffiT#iSJ;;ti'ii'J i"-'"ia T" * dt* -:t:-l"i.^:j[ffih

".ffii n.i.*;i:"1,"d :+9 h:-'T:*:tr::iYg

iilffl"ita it"i ri"n"-*," ai"tot idea what q'estt"T:1*

.. :..,): -.1{:r:::

;'i';;;# th. "ti"b ;i ; senior'iournalist named Gqald

Reilly.,iilJ*fO U"A a fine political mind and coached me for more

iir m-h"* "t *" i"t in the Rst'd Daily Mailcgnr.eenorrc

il.ff;". He drew up a list of questions to trap Vorster

iff'ffit;;; ,t"i tir"roarresr orders were served on

.$ipDle-',in.,*go'""be**ettregovernmentcouldnotfi;-;t htnd"g"t* them in a court of law't'i'dr;;; ir,Ju*"a*tti"g snrdio in Pretoria and met

p"i,&# 5;;**, political -coyes,nonlent of the' pro'

govsnment **rpop""fr-vaow4 '"ac'arl Nofte of

:th;:.go,r{e$unent-*"ooU"A Souft African }roadcasurryffir"rion, who was later to become a;slick propqgan;

H11+ ffih iiti." *ott"*' Atl three of us had to tnod

ffiilestioi.t ionn.V*rt n b-efore we w€nt on ttre-atr..-Jier t""airrg.y questions vorster gave me a g{-andbefore I knew it "'"

iit" on tlre air' Vorsts haridld it so

,.tO,lr :lNgrtrbB.BOSS r

,:

',6ctly so I eqmmittedtheworst sin in iournalism - I changedVorster's quote. I wrote &at he had said ' I am not fully con.versant with Hodgson's,case.1 No&ing illustrates my politi-cal naivery better than'this. I thought this watered-downquote would get Vorster offthe hook. But it did not. As soonas it app"a"ea;* the ori$rienced politicat writers were atVorsteds throat. One iournalist strongly suggested thatVorstet eould not have rnade such a ridiculous statementaod that I had lied., :,,Hodgson rreacted by iaking legal advice. Soon after,Vorster tipped me off that Hodgson's lawyers were goingto subpoena meto give evidence for Elodgson in a court case.Vors-ter.told me the only way I could avoid this would betotake leave at the time of the case. I did so and spent a weekin Swaziland, with the result that Vorster got awa]r with hisrniatake and Jack Hodgron stayed under house atresc

Excerpts fron sectu AOSSf/esr

'HODGSON, Fercy John alias "Jack".Vhite adultmale. SouthAfrican Communist Party (SACP) merrrber..Was taught orplosive and demolition techniques as hDesert Rat in North African campaign during WWz.

' After therrar returned to SA and beiame active in under-groundiBlack politics on behalf of SACP. Arrested for

:, high meason 1956, charge later dropped. Taught bomb-: making to members of the secret Black sabotage group

n"Spear of the Nation". Vas involved in the Rivoniambotage conspiracy. Listed as a Comrrrunist in 1963.Fled from SA after being served wittr z4-hgur housearreEt older. In Septeinber rg6: the British government,prsedbfued him from staying in British ltot€ctorate of

,1.:$edruanaland after he had refused to give an undertaking," that he would oot embarrass Vhitetrall by using Bectr:' rranaland as a base for his sabotage activities against SA.

$€ttled in London and in collusion with Joe SLOVOgad Dr Yqsuf DADOO contirtr,led tus actMties against* jobanneeburg Sundty Express, rr November 1962.

ii'riji li:'lt'r'rl''r1r1:1: 1)il;,il' Ii'/r:{ilrl$

JOfiWrCOn3r,8R.

,8,A. trs krrotrn to, :@ntmut6 ;batif,gen. tondon, and EastBerlin recruiting and training Blacks to be sent to SA as

terrorists. Lives at zo Eton Hall, Eton College RoadLondon NW3.'*

IHODGSON; Rica. Adr*t Wtrite female, Wife of*Jack'? Hodgpon- Long-standing rrrember of the $AComrnunist Party, $erved on :the Financial Conrmittee ofthe SACP with,Communist treasurer. Julius FIIR.$T.

. She was also a member of the Johannesburg Dist{ttr, Comrnunist P,arty Comrnittee. Accused of high teasori in

1956, charge later dropped. Was aetive in the Rivoniasabotage conspiracy. FGd from SA with her husband in,963,, She presently works-for Canon Collinsl Inter-national Defence and Aid Fund at its head,office: ro4

. Newgate Sueet, London ECr.'

Vorster got his revenge on Jack Hodgrson nine monthslater when Jack and his wife Rica escaped from their Hill-brow flat and fled to freedom across the border'.intoBechuanaland. He sent me to interview thern in Lobatsi.Although ttre Hodgsons were both banned persons, whocould not be quoted by any newspaper, Vorster's dqrlwith me was that tr could quote them botli if I smeared themas Communists. That was enactly what I did. I quoted Jackand Rica as saying they wce Reds and proud of it. I alsosuggested they were sabotage e<perts who had caused manyerrplocions in Sqrth Aftica. The story appeared on ttlefront pagef and the Flodgsons never forgave me. ' '

A strange aspect of life in South Africa is that moetS[rhites gossip to]ether in front of their Black rnaids sldctrauffeurs. The servants ohly speak when spoken to. Thismakes Whites forget they are there. Ttre Blacks becomeinvisible"people. I was no o<ception, I did not (see'Blacks

either. Bof I learm my lesson the day I went to interviewthe Hodgsons in Lotatsi. : " t.

' '- :"' "'* Jack Hodgson died of ill-health in London in December rg77.f Johmnesbue Su.@ Eryess'.a5 Aqust 1963": .''''. ,r: r 'r' ,

'r''. : i' ll':.,p."'1ItF6!F8AO.$kri ' :r': '

. ,On the wry I told my Black.cbauffcrr to stop the car * a

ho&l,bura,r"; I wantedto mske e phone call As. we entst€d

'tbe,foyer'.[.told hin td f€f;Fh q]e s:sold.drink. I try* tel€'pnoneA ]onn Vorster at his office. Vhile- tr was talking tol*or$e" ;he driver,returned with, mf_,cold,dcinlL I tav_hi1brF ittst did not register; tr kept'on talking to vorster' I didsot lnow.that my iespe4fui Black chauffeur was secrecly a

mernber of the banned Africap National C.ongr-ess (ANC) '

gd-gn admirer of'Jack ard RicarHodgson"

'. .\Hhen we arrived in L,oba$i qnd I went pbook a rpom indre msin hotel, the chauffeur quickty sogght out-Jd and

Rica Hodgson and warned them that I had'stopped tg $ryethe Minilter of Iustice Jobn Vorster. No wonde'r thgHodgsons treated me as ttrough I had rabies

Tfiree weeks after the Hodgpon story appeared' IohnVorster asked me if I'would like to interview a ninety-day

erinee in prison l:etuldinot believe my ears. It was'the, .qts:r e\rcry- iournalist dreamd of geming at the tirng. '

Detiin€es were in the news, and nobody knew what cor,r

ditims they were subiected to in iail. Vorstei sai4 I -aquldgo and inierview and- take of Mrs Hazel

brotareicU, as atsastive Jewish house$tife whose btrsband

Arthur had escaped froo iait qnd fled overseas

I Vorster had a good fQasoa forgiving me this plum inter-vitgr A&s' dap earlier aoother ninetry-day detainee Mrs

:.i&r$b Slovo,,haA managd to srnuggle out of her cell a.$eesagp,€xposing some of the bad conditirons sufefed by ''Hazel-Goldreicf,- and other detainees. Her message was

poeted to England by a friqld.and was^published in tttebbt*tn,It was very bad publicity for South Africa, andVorster wanted thlc;:.&sertter story denied

Ilazel Crotdreich was in a very bad meotalctate whesr-Iisterviewcd h€r in thc filthy ells at Johannesburg'sMarstlell $quare police station' She had bcen kept in totalsolitary confinement for sixty-six days with only one bmk to*sd. Because she was suspected of being a Communist herSccurity Police interrogamrs had given her, what theythoqhi was a iust puaishrnent - a Bible. But llazel Gold-

3 ,|il J" qAN DEN,, Ef RGH

' ,. ''.' "r

lrT'kooi was a Black apiv. Hlghly irrtelig€nt butl:zy, he pr+fered tolive byhis wits. Asrnallskinnyman in hjs twentics,hr had a panicular taleot for urrellipg olt'titbits of infor:n+tp" froqr th€ Black townships and seling them,to Whiriourndists. Arriving at my desk on z5 June 1963 he askedoeif tr was inreted. in a batch of explosives hi<lden'rear

-Johannesburg's Black townstrip of AlsendraBging anxiotx to ingratiate myself further s'ith thc

gover-nment, I gave Nkosi de5 and he showd me wherethe.explosives.wse burie4 \Xfheo I telephoned Juqthe&.!ini$tq John Vorster rc.tell him abfl$ it, h€ unerpdiust one sentence:

'I thfu* it's time you met the Tall Man 'Vorster made the appointment for me, and I drove to

Pretoria to"keep it early the next day. The Tall Man wasIleqd{i-k }. van dm Bergh, who had takea ove.r as the headof South Africa's Seolrity Polioe six moqrhs earlier.

He was sx foot Sve (r.96 m) and had to bend whcnegtering aorm!+ized ftorways. In polioe circles he was&sonrn as'Loag llendrik'n but his frierrds calld him HJ.I het bim in the execnrtive siqn at Wachthuis, ths h€ad-quarters of the South African police in Pretoria. He knewall about my close association wittr John Vorster and com-plimented me on some of the articles I had written. He waiso relaxed and channing that I found it difficult to belicvcthat he had also been a Nazi sympathizer and wc internedwith Vorster during the war..

Vhen I told him about the orplosives he said he wouldeend ou1 a bomb dispbsal team to unearth them and give methe story afterwards. Two days later he called me to PretoriAerd told me ttrat eight four-gallon drums of gelignite hadbeea discovered. They had not been found exactly at the

H. J. VAlr rb_brs:$*x,crr . 35

epot pinpointed by,Nhi, but the politetr*l experiecrced'littlc uouble in locating thern with mine dcfrectors,

r Shen pdice officers had interrogated Nkosi*t$,had dis*closed the name of the Black politico wtro had'tdd himabout ttre buried explosives. HJ said I could write i nc$sstory on the subiect-provided,tris narne was not mentid@in it, Instead l,sas to'state drat the information had,b@givm to me by tlre chidof the CID. The story was a'front-pager:and appeared under the headline'Explosirrcs HotrdUncovered'.* It disclosd that the illegal cacln had eon-taind enough gelignite to blow'up half a larige towtl. i :

The explosives belongedto theAfr.ican National Congloos

{ANC), the oldest Black politieal movbment h Sdnh*eica.It was founded in rgre to promote Black advasc$m€nt by peaceful and lqitirnate:tneatr$ tnrt' when it wgbannd in April 196r, a sabotage wing called 'Spear of theNation' was set up. This started operations in Decernber196r rvith a series of explooions at governfirent office8tqlectricpylons and post offices, The bla$s were deliberatelyset off at about midnight so ttiat passers-by should $ot'bekilled oi injured. The ANC clearly did not'beli€ve inmusing *re d€aths of ianocent people. But whert k cam0 tgtraitors and stool pigeons its vengsance was swift. My'Blackinformant, Nkosi, was found stabbed to death shonly a&erthe story appeared. I doubt if he had found time to spendthe rwenty-five piecs of silver I had paid him.

It was trpo days after the orplosives story wae publishedthat I receivedlthe mysierious telephone call frorn Att

r':r Spender, aliss !Mr Campbell', who was setting up the 'ilew: secretservicc for H. J. van den Bergh. When hetold me tlfwas offering rne a job as a spy *rag day in Campbett's te*i'rooln, I told Colonel Spenglet that, not only would I workas a spy, I would be willing to do it without payr'rerit. That'f cnplained, would be my way of repaying Sotrth Africanekindness to me. I tried to get more details about dte ittll*scoee service.frorn Spenglerr:but he wal as tight ae

"{ryn:* Jolraonesburg Swdat Ex?r'Gst;3o lune 1963.

jr'!iii1

.:r'.'ijljj:ij:!j!.,

.::.,itf

36 . rNsror,Boss "saying only that tI: ]. van den Bergh would explain every:thlag when,I'nortlnet hin; , 'i. ; . :

That me€trng toohirlace rk days later, on Monday, 8 July.1963; HJ was in a jovial mood ss I walked into his offibcst polici headquarters inPretoria. He sprang from his chair,.,emi.ling,broadly, hand outoffetched,as he walked round hisdesk. It was an unusually warm;gesf.urei and his handshake.was even more unusual. As his right palm met'miner'heclasped my wrist with his left- hand, resting his fingertipson rny pulse. I was fil1ed with curiosity, .Is that some kind of secret handshakg like the Free.

rnmons use when theSr meet one andter?r I asked., HJ chuckled. 'Not at all. Thar's my psychologpc€dhana-

shake. I use it to put,people at their ease. It sets up a feelingof warm intimary suaight aw-ay.'

Nothing explains the strange character of H. J. van,denEergh better than :thae. He wss, highly',intdligent, devious"a*d cunning. Fifteen yearsr later, in 1978, when the fulltuth about-him started to leak out, the Progressive PartyIVIP Mrs Helen Suzman described Van Dein Bergh asl'$outh Africa's own Heinrich Himnler'.* It was only *reo*rat the South Af,rican public.began' to comprelrend thediabolical,$&trrre of the rnan who hadrdfficially forrnedBOSS in 1959.

Btrt BOSS really came into being in June 1963, not inrg6p,as, the ofrcial records show. This is one of Pretoria'g

:hqt-kept secrets. It all started on 14 lamra4l 1963, whenllpndrik van den Bergh was appointed the head of SouthAfrica's Sectrity Police. He quickly realized that its intelli-genoe-gathering apparatus was, in his own wofds, 'lament-

,,.., sbly old-fashioned'. One of fie biggest problems was that, iournalists on South Africa's liberal,English-languagi news-p4pers oftm knew about anti-apartheiil and B1ack under-gfound activities several days, even weeks, before theSecurity Police.,,,:AsrI sat in his office, HJ exp-lained that this:was a firatt€rof,tnueme annoyance to the government and to Justice

* South African llaunrdr'8 Deeenber 1978.

'':{..5,':

{grpa 6 ,"t as 'inforrration gatherers', as HJ **{f,prt it.

Thdr Eisin ftnctioa l'as to igfltrete liberal -end l€fffrffi'

3$. rusur ao$s

-$a&rp.,As,,,a.fums,,ioqrnal!tt he knery what a sst'mtioq'

wanld be caused if't'hprscheme was eapomd. :' :'.: Virwoerd was finally perstnded, but be'and trohn Vorstes' 'hd a private bet widf, n. I. vm a"n Bergh that' bdore af

Ooa* i""Aulists had Ueen rec".titea one of them yguldbtrst iino print with,the shock discloourc drat he bad been

asked to spy for a new and zuper-secet inte[ige!rc ou$ttThe bet w"t a

"ase of vintage cabernet wine. H' tr' vae dgn

Bergh wm it and gave meone of &e bottl€s a ftwmoot'belaler.' -

io,'io" Joo" 1963, lRcpublican Intdligrnce? was created

with the specific aim ofenlisting iournalists as ffiet ag€nc'

Its nic}name was RI. It was sup'posd to be aseparate wing

of the Security Police. It may have been so 9n p-aper, !t4IIJ went to erritenre lengths to 9nsury that only a few senftx

Se""rity Police ofrcers knew of its existence. Astonishing$t

|t lvas 6orlr withtxrt aay legisladon Ueirig passd' No me*tion whatsoqrcf was made of it in the Budget or in any

official publicudoctrment of the South African govemment'

Whd DrVerwoerd gave him permission to form Reptrb-

lican Intelligence, H. J. rntr don Bergh sarted scrutinizingSecurity Police files on aU iournalists in South Africa whohad written,articlee.sf a politicel nanrre. He selected tbe*ho h"d,,*itten anti'apartheid stories but 'had balanced

them by puning the govCrnment point of view. He ge{lerally

.fotorcd iu tttJ t"pott ns who had written articles with aJetit"t"t anti.governmeot bias.' I{e found twenty-five zuitable iournalists - firenty-fotrrrnen ana one woman. All were tfThite. In-dgpth researctl

was carried out on all of them - their standards of living,theirfricnds, salaries, bank balances, spending and dri*iaghabitsr'their pcrsonalitic, political attitudesr and the typespg.pefue *rey naa married. If they were sfugle,-their

"arint*'and erien their girl-friende were veued' H' J' van

if"" gogh did his researcn we[: all twenry-fiv-e-purnaliste

;,,,tffi , i

' " n. I. vat$rfiiiff ssGE' gg

gltsups so ttrat information could be gF@ 8d dt€bhadcrs identified. I{. f. rran den Berg$ feffd @t'hbiouuialist spies were perftct for this.task Tfuy*irc uiiurat .

hct-finders- and ould assess the significane of a'trriF@ rifg5$ip, following it up until dt y'h"d eoltected enorigb'@io p""se"t a creaiUb story. But instead'of n'riting *orbtlrey submi*':dsccre lepornr to Rtpublicm Intetrigence. r

,, 'iLese rcports no'rnrally comained enough fetual €vi-dence for HJ's security men to mount an official investigltion. Thib usually meant that ttre suspect's telephone,qag:bqgged, his mail was intercepted and his movmsts ii€tc

i.*oiiitor"a. : '.i' , Iournatise could also move intQ any situation and qtxx-

nibn people rurder the pretext drat tlrey were looking: fof+'',rerrs-stori"s. This proved invahpble for HJ'when lreil ,rraned a qui6ft tpmfile'on a zuspecied p€f,son. Tlre iournal-: ise who had good liberal contacs were able to give him

advance information about any political dernonstratfun. tdng mourned' wh was bddtld it and rphat tlre ulterkit' srotive wag if any.,' Even 6emer- the purnalists acted asl{fs eyes and entsjilr ttre offices of the nervspapers they workd for. Newsdrd$; are amazing hives of gocsip wherc'mnch is known abort tltaprivate fives and frailties of promineit socialites and leading

'"hsinessrnen re well as political figures.

'Therp isnt a iournalist aaywtrere in ttre world who'isdt

:.of strne interest to an intelligence orggrd"ationi HJ'ecc

oriw to some kind of secret or a fascinating titbit o,f infor-mntion about a prorrirrcnt person or politician that would bc

totd rne. rNo matter what $ny iournatist might write abou!a personor zubiect, something is always left out,' he added,

-Att iownalists will confirm the tn4h of thst; \[etiane all

, h€ard, a thousand times, our anguished colleagues corrr

trNgIDE,3oSS

\c,to{rstfiHt sourge of delight, and often amusement, to,tlr,gshadowy men who compile South Africa's intelligence files.,, The news desk of any large newspaper \ilas and still is a'key targgt, as Pretoria'knows that valuable informati,on of.both a criminal and political nature flows in to these desksday and night. South

".-{frican Intelligence works particulady

hard at plantirig dgents'on the news desks of the liberalEnglish-language newspapers in the country. The agent can

, be a deputy news editor or even a woman assistant whoanswers the news desk phone, acting as a brrffer for thenews editor.

Such agents quickly 'discover the-names of people whoact as secret informants for the paper. This can be im-"rnensely important for the' jigsaw puzzle' experts in BO S S'sPretoria headquartersr' who need to assess the accuracy.orsourc€,d a particular news item published by the paper. Inthis way Pretoria has often ferreted out newspaper infor-mants who work in the.government service. In Britain theycall these people 'moles'. Sometimeg the mole's motlve ismoney; he gets paid a tip-off fee by the newspaper. Oc-casionally he is leaking information about happenings in hisdepartment because he is jockeying for power and wants toembarr*sq or get rid of the official above him.

' The news desk agents are also valuable because they have

,aceess to news stories hours and even days before they are- gublished. Pretoria likes that kind of advance information., It gives them the chance to jump in and block or reduce the

danger poteiltial of the story before it is published: As H. I.van den Bergh would say, 'We'd be stupid if we didn't.'

Another key target in newspaper offices is the editor?ssecretary. She can eavesdrop when irnpdrtant political con-tacts telephone her editor. She also has access to theedi'tor?s confidential files..Almost as ipportant, she knowsthg narnes and addresses of all readers who write 'Letterstg. the Editor'" This r.nakes, a mockery of the honouredIlfsctice in iournalism that the editor of a newspaper auto-aedcally guarantees confidentiality to readers who wdte inand iosist on rmraiuing anonyrnous.

; .rl r:", r.i,

.it:: :':

*s'..'ffiSl$E','3OS$'i.'', . jI

:have.a'nepofter sitting at g1g:press:desk; scribbling away in{gho{thand or rhaklrig a tape recording? But even these taetlcsare thorv old hat. If'three Black men delivet speeches at epublic meeting in South Africa today the spy is not in thea*ai,*.e. Hb'J one of theiBlack speakers.

",- Republican Intelligence was a phertornenal.successl theiournalist spies wreaked havoc in' underground politicalrirovernents. They helped Van Den Bergh break the back ofthe African National Congress (ANC). Aeting on a tip-off,I{J?s uniformed men made a surprise swoop on ANCleaders at e country house known as Lilliesleaf Farm ininfr***Uttg's Rivonia distrlct, The case which followedLou*" world-fa*ous as the 'Rivonia trial', and most ofthe accused,:includihg Black advocate Nelson Maridela,were jailed for life.

n"i"Uli"* Intelligence also helped to srrash 'Poqo', a

tnilitint offshoot of the banned Pdh:Africanist Congress(?AC). It wiped out the superbly organized 'Sperar of thei{ation', the iop-secret underground sabotage wing oftheANC. It infiltrated the African Resistance Moventent(ARM), a group of intellccnrals, iournallsts and universttyitua""ii w[o trad decided that sabotagirtg government in-stallations (without causing loss of life) was the only waytoattack apariheid. The iournalist spies also helped Pretoriatocomoilcmassive, detailed dossiers on all the leading Whitemembers of the South African Liberal Party so that theyb$n U" banned, res-tricted or [arassed into leaving SouthAfrica. This resulted in the Liberal Party being forced outof existence.

As I sat in'H. J. van'den Bergh's officeon the day of myrecru'itment,'I realized I was the seventh iournalist to be

erirolled because Ht offered me a choice of code numberstfrom'sevefi to one hundred'. f chose my lucky number's€venteen, and was given the code numberRorT - the'Rrprefix meaning Republican Intelligence. I signed the Offieialiieercts Act in fiont of H. J. van den Bugh and his staff

"ffi6;M;t"" Terry Terrebianche. Ttre omciat Seoets Act

rdirirnedrmethat I could be heavily'6164 oi imprisoaed fof q

long period if I publislred or comrntrnieid61^any-sg$ftt5fGAG preiudiciaf to the safety or interestsof $outh Africa'-'f ;; t6 ou p"ia Rrzo (then worth {6o) h;tnonth:for

Wiroc', and this'money wouid be given to- 1nc in ash on t*rc

i#r f"i'of every mooih. HJ said-I should ryl aectg ttbmonefto the tax man. Vhen I said I would 6s \ililllng toil;k ;ti&;i a wagei HJ gave me a delighted smile but said

;

I had to acoept thimoney].otherwise tr'would not be'subiectto the Official Secrets Actt. I was told I could claim reasot

;il;;;ahttexpenses for any rneals, drinks, tipsor'tralrelooets f might in'cur while making friends with liberals sr't ti.tt wtri migtrt be r'uefulto my spying activities'-

Suangety foia man who was so security-consciorrs, Htr

rr. J. vAt{,riDsN',D88G!I '' 43

i toH me itrat I would be working for Republican trntelligen*'

;1,, This was probably because l-was his--blue'eV9d p9f lghtfrom the ti"tt

"tra had been personally rectuited bV llm'

ihe other iournalists who were recruited were led tobelieve their'enrployment was with the Security Polio'Tt.rii,wm a ehrewd mooe on HIts part''Quite rightly he realized

that this would reduce the rist of any iournalist tecruitorposing the whole thing.

5t i"po"t"t could rush to his editor and claim he'had

been ippioached and asked to spy f,or the Security Police'gut ttre editor would have been reluctant to run such-a

storywithout proof. Howerrer, ifthe rypo$.r had been able

.to dir"tot" a*aits about being recruited into-1 nery 11d*np"r-t o", intelligence outfitr.his-editor would probably

i.,h6" i.t*ped at thJstory, knowing he could get a queetion

', pllsh6d in parliament to force. the matter :)ut lnto tr9 op*:I got it ali remained a well-kept secret fon the next sernen

y."tr. fU" ttame Republican Intelligence was notrn6ntionedio tft" South Af'rican media until r97o - rrore than a year

j "fto

that narne had been dropped and we agents ha{ beeg

f rmerged into BOSS, the lastar{--9hild it had ryt1"ry'- uT asteO me if I would be willing to turn violently rn$'" gqu;;."t in mysto{es. S" gl he cguld arrarue folgrq

.', ffi;;a; taiiei by securitv Police offie,en and I qq16;''igj, i*irh"d; go iot 'q nice holilay in iail' for,midot otrcqces

-_:

wetr as being in a B@.wnship widronan official FerlrytitrT , he explained, uruu3d,hdpoe to ercst a,strong cov€rana marc mc acceptabh,,to thc hftists- I said no thanks. .At

-thg.time I was getting:pcmendotrs stories and tip:offs fromIusde,Minister'Iohg, V.ffier and other top governmentqfficials I had toadied to ovef, the past &ree years. I did nsrwaot these important oources to dgy up.

H. J. lran d€o'B€rgh stroked his nose for a few momentthen said: l

,,,.'$t(; You can have a differcot cov€r to all drc rcct. Per-hape it unuld suit pur personality better if you pretend to'be an oppornrnist type of iournalist who sits on the fmeand writes w-th sides on any political subiect.'

I irnrped at this: 'Yes. And I can ontinue to slip poo-govemment details into my stories whenever you and theMtnister of ]'ustie feel it?s necessary.'. ,I"iking the id€a that I muld still,be rsed toslip pro'

"govcrorn€nt propaganda into the anti-apanheid StoldoyEr?W, HJ agrced. Thank goodness. I quickly fourd thatbcing a spy and leading a double life was difficult eoougluTo have maintained a full leftist cover would have driven reround the bend and twould never have been abletoopaateas a spy for sixteen Years.

After l,had,signed the Ofrcial Secrets Act, H. |. vao denBergh told mg.ttrro handlers worrld be assigned to me inffiimcSurg. One ryould be a full-time rran and the otlrer

'll&parewfro was to be contacted only inan ernergency wheo,, qy full-time handler was qot available. If I learnt something,T&ich called for immediate action by the Security Police I:should telephone H. J. rran den Bergh at his office or hornc.

I was tsld to avoid ustng my real narne if I had to phoare

ily ftro hgdlers. To my full-tirre handler I rltottld use theodrnme lDingo' and to the spare man I lvas {Johnnyl

If, during aay telephone cnnv@tionwith either of thcrn, tr:

fffird it:rqpsto callit 'ny company' or rour company'. H. |.'van denBe{gh wss to be deecribed as 'the managitg diretor'} sy

,&Il-tirne hasdler ,as '*rc branch'mmagBfi and the,:ip*f. , ' ,i;i#@r as 'the spare tYre salesrnant.

,,: ' HJ said I ehould a$€od nlgtrt dasse d thc&ffis of try " .f,:;,,6t11-6o" handhrr who would brid me on indlbeerce' ';' ''':!-;'i

;49";g i9"1*t.i"g and procedures. Mv firs1 full'drnc , 1,

.f,andlerln Iohannesburg was tohan Coetzee, who is td&y ,;'

.*re heaa oi South Atrsb Secrlrity $_tice.-aner a sfo$, :,,!t,whil" n" was transferrcd to Durban and his place was takea . r, lti"*U* Johannes Kenrp, known to H. J. van den Bergh

, fr .'["*;, ;;tomeuyttre-odsrame'Jaet('.fgaar-$ur$',,;;,,1iG*gBtt"*i *d is headof SouthAfrica's Counter-Intelhqee.Unrt Uasea at BOSSHeadquarters in Pretoria.,Two:ofrnyottrer handlers werc Alf Elouwer, today the head of the

,Bos^S oqeTlgn.-l* r3lstei' 1r$ ffe.cetccn$nt I

,'";rrnw Souih Africa's C;ornmissioner of Folice.At my very first night class I was taughtAow m compile

a secret repott. Ot e o?the most important things I was toldto include was ttre date arrd plae of birtlt of the percon Iw6 reDorting on. This was vitat as Pretoria had many

. people on its-political files and ttrose with Tffit:n.ry-Hi';;cf,as Bmwn, Smith orJones could easily be mistaken: Ifii.included the date'of birth dre desk men based at Pretorisr,rbadquarters could doublecheck that person's-identity' I', rras a'avisea to snrdy ttre signq of ttre,zodiaclo $at l-could:',tglk to people aUout the socalled inflrcnce their birth sfgn

,:bad on'thesr. This wils a very useful trick. Stalt-talkiag-fi)i iomeone about the star he is born unds and it is quite

i:mrri"g how easily he pals-wlt! li". +t" of birth' women:

lr,av UJaUout thiyear-of tbeir birth but they never akctr

tbe dav or the month.It tmt headquarters about a month to realize that so'tlls

,""r"t "g*tt were being sloppy in their rePorcs' One agent

,mua" ni"tr "

ssrious err& thit a bad blunder was committed

l,Uy u"*tiay ofrcers who later investigated the case' Im'r

li,"i*icOiatelv a[agents n'ere warned that they must be scnlppl',

.y e;*at"-*tten typtng out reports in.fuiure. lVe uttl'io *u-i. t eon t i,i tno.lgh we were giving.eeid€nmio

46.I$iltr!,BO$Sr ... ": .'

a court of law and e*pected to be crqss-examined by a veryhostilc lawyer. If we were not sure of any particular fact'nle had io say so. Ifwe wished to nrake any personal observa-tion or assessment it rntrst be placed only at the very end oftlre report, under the heeding'My Comment'.; The idea was thst the intelligence assessors at head-quqrters would then be able to sort out fact from fiaion.Fut it did not always work ttrat way. If the person beingreported on was a liberal, the desk men at headquarters stillqccepted wild statements made under the 'Comment'section as fact. As a result some innocent people wereharassed or detained for questioning by the Security Police,even though their'only ocrime' was to speak out against

thapc'of lread, ftre, any noticeable de.fta/dcformiticslbirihmarks, and habits. I was also to ststc &c snrbiectls

octuDation, his incomehnd his attitude toweidc,&e pi:ople

he wbrked with. Other categories were the subiect's brrehfe, sor life, religious attitudes and political affili+tions' if

, rrrv. I had also io give a brief outline of his hobbieq &o"*tp"p."t he read-and his general desreanour in puHic"

:,., [Pas hi ittt"rio""t or €tcrovert? What arnbitions, if'ary?, Pessiinistic or optitnistic? Vas he a winner in lifc cr$i Oerebtisrr Did he have any known or obvious-oomploreel

inhibitions/obsessions or phobias?. The most fascinating part of my night clssse$ rilas'beitrg

taugh to be keenly aware of body tariguage. Vhile telkir1g

to isuspect I should take special care to watdt for repeatdmdints of hands, shoulders or fae *hetr dfficult or peg' -So,rilrl questions \ilere posed. Vheq this *as first exphincdto *" i found it hard to understand, btrt when I grasped --,

the subiect fully I became an avid observer of body kiq"cuase in much ihe same way as a professional poker ptsyer

iad*tcr his opponents' faces and hands when a bid is made.'I was gi\rc; iome fascinatingtipe. Mal'ehomosexuals een-

not whiile: one in a thousand might iust be sble to foiea.ffat note through his lips, but never a nrneful whi*le. Mecl

cl,ose their legs if a small obiect ils throvvn ton'ards tlrern' yetI womafl oplns her legs slightly to widen the catchrncntaira of her skin in case her hands miss the thrown oblxt'This, I was to14 might be useful if I met a man dressed a5's

woman or even a se:t-change. Staring steadfastly at the hi{ge

H. J. vAr{lltB$ l8*CE - ft

apartheid.During my initial training at night classes I was told to

rerlqmber that if I was submitting a report on anyone who ..

Fe€rned to.be a leftist, or wag knosrn to be connected withwell-known liberals, I must give hightry deraiied information 'ebout that person whenever possible. No m.atter how remoteit might seeml an1l snippet, however insignificantn could beusefbl, as even the tiniest fragment of personal informationsometimes dovetailed into the overall jigs4w being compiledby the desk rnen at security headquarters in Pletoria. Inaddition, these seemingly trivial details helped the desk mento mako a better assessnrent of the person being reported on.

'I once included in a report a brief mention that a leftistcouple in Johannesburg knew a young nurse who acted as ababy,sitter for them when they weni to the cinerna. Pre,toria monitored the nurse and found she was receivingl,etters at her horne from political figures in Britain. Theseletters were secrbtly interiepted bV th" Security Police andit was discovered that they were not for the nurse. She wasallowing her home to be used as a 'cover addr.ess' by thel€ftist ooupl'e., tr was given a list of details to use as a gurde whenever Ipbmitted a feport. Roughly, ttre list asked me to opecify,v,bercpossible, the following: sen, 4ge, height, colour ofhair,general appearance, neamess, cleanliness, over/underweiglrt,

48r'; rNsrDs Boss : '

the light metef,, whictr tmded to go on the blink whenmeessing a Coloured.

In Souttr Africa Coloured and Black ardtotally different.A Black is an African. A Coloured person is a South Africanof rnixed descent, meaningthat oni of his parents or grand-parents was a \fhite who married a non-White. Suchmariages were possible in South Africa until 1949, whenthe,Mixed Marriages Act prohibited any marriages betweenTfhites and members of any othe.r racial groups.

South Africans, whose minds.have been bombarded bythe zubject of race, can usually'recognize a Coloured per-son, But newcgrne.rc to the countfy c:urnot. To them someofthe Coloured people are so light-skinned that they apppaqVhite - particularly the pretty young Coloured girls in theCape. That is why seamen on visiting ships are warned tobe:veff carefirl when they_go ashore. Itls so easy to breaktlie Imrorality Act if yotr don't haye a light meter in yourey€s., Nanre being what it is, a few Coloureds appear to be

Vhite and are able to slip across the colour bar and 'plsy'Vhite', mainly to take advantage of the rnuctr higher wagesand privileges. The racial fasatics ruling South Africa havetheir own gobbledegook for this kind of problem. This isttre official definition of a lil?hite person: 'A person who inapllearanee is, or who is ggnerally accepted as a ttrThite per-scn5 but does not inclqde a person who, although in appear-ance obviously a White person, is generally accepted as aColoured person.'

Ilr my secret reports to Pretoria, Indians were to bedescribed as 'Asiatics?. In later years this was qhang'ed to'Asians'. Chinese had to be clearly stated as such; becausetlre 8,ooo Chinse in South Af-rica are desigpited as non-White, Yet the fqpanese fall in the White category. Therffion forthis ridiculous state of affairs ie ttrat Japan is anin portam trading paf,'trier and has mr:lti-million-dollarpig iron contracts wittr South Afrie. fn recent years the$onlth African goverffnent has derreloped massive and&sdy,secret lint<s with Taiwan, which,it describes as'Free

,,:trri.:11 l:

IL; J. VAN;DEN Sne@II' 49

Chinan, This has created problems.for ryartheid. Inrpnrtattbusinessmen and pliticians from Taiwan, .vipiting' SouthAfrica, resent being tagged as non-\il7hites. That ie why noaction is ta(en today when South African Chine* go toW$ite cinernas and fashionable restaurants. Therds nodoubt that in the near future the South African gevernrment's growing econonric and military ties with Tsi$a$willforceit to officially promote all Chinese to White statqsl

Anothervitally important thing I had to remember whentyping out a report wa,s never to mention the name of anyoqqwho had given me information of a political nature. rln-:'$ead, I was to state in the main body of the report:.'SOURCE tells me . . .'The name of my sowce was to betyped at the end of; my report on a separate slip of paper. Iwas also,told never to mention my name in any report. lf Ifound it necessary to repeat what smreone had said aboutme, I had to describe myself by my codename, Dingo.This rigmarole was based on the 'need to know' principle,The'rnain reason was to stop junior desk men based etPretoria headquarters from finding out too rnuctr- But Ifound this was generally a waste oftime. The iuniors quicklylearnt to recognize each agent's style ofwriting and I oftenfound myself being greeted as Dingo by minor SeouitlzBranch men I had not met befoie.

H. J. van den Bergh was careful in his choice of officerswho were to act as handlers for the journalist spies. Hebrought in only policemen who were known to him per-sonally or lryere on record as being die-hard right-wingem;Some of them were from the CID and were supmbdetectives on the criminal beat but knew little aboutpolitics. One was Jack Kemp, who was transferred from theMurder and Robbery Squad in Natal. ]ack was ambitiousand deterrrined to succeed in intelligence work. He wotrldsit studying Communism at his home every night afterwork. Once when I visited him he said wearily: 'Gordoq,this is one hell of.a job, man. I've been reading altr aboutdialectical materialism for ttrree weeks now and all I can say -is that it's all so convincing that I have to,.take,'a".firr[ gpip

,.,..,t. \ilo' rNmtr}B',8o88,,:i!,'ir ",,.,il 1.

m mvtelf srd keep repinding,my$elf tbot this is the argu-

meot-used by the &crdie*ofmy couritry which I must ats$eosts find the strengtlt,@ resist.l

Irr ctroosing lack Kmp, H: J; vffi da Bergli showed rare

i$sirftt Jack Jtudied Gommuniem so mueh that his col-

Cfu i."t.a him with the nicknatne 'Red Profeesdrt.

nul tre worked like a Troian and wcnt on to cpy ia Lorrdoncnd at the United Natiotrs. In my opinion he is one of SouthAfricds best spies, whictr probabty explains why he is noyhad of BOS-S's Counter-lnrclligen@ set-up. Yet he ievirnre[y unknourfl to t]re South African public.

For tle first four months of my spying career I was paid

{@ a month in castr. Then, in Novesrber 19613 T *"t p*ig6y cheque. It was made out to me for Rlzo strd 3r cents: Inlver found out what the 3r cents were for. For purely s6'tinental reasons I madc a photocopy of that cbeque whi&f''etill have. I was intrigged *rat ttre cheque was made outbsc by a firm calliry itself the'F. A. EotateAgency'.It*ssntlisted in any telephone book or business directory. Ofeourse, it was a non-qistent company - a conduit Stqr8bwhich all the iournalist spies received the! nar.

Pretoria discovered this was a rnsssivc blunder when one

of ttre iournalist qgeats ehargedhis mind aborrt spying and

told his handler that tre wisbcd to resign. Vheo a refrrsal

cane throtrgfu from Pretoria, he threatened to show theF.A. Egt*teAgcncy cheque to his editor. Faed with this'

ktsclo'ma no option but to tret him resign hrt not bdore* *rad aereed to do three thingF. One was to renrm tbedrssue. The second was to see a psydrimist nominated byns6tir*d, thirdly, to sign an sffidavit stlitingthat he wa

:'.*Sder o doctor'e care because he rsuffered from deh$ions,i,l'sf,beiog a secret ageirt'. In *ddition, he ww vnrrrcd thattoush rneas,rres would be sdap'ted by Pretoria if he ever

' oodraveqed the Official Secrets Act" That ionrnalist ws';$rsicalty a gentle type, and all $is terrified him. Shortly','t&cr resigning he left South Africa and settM in.Carlada

trIcasrcipuUUay disclosed that he had be€n a spyrndtheSwthA&itm'Sccrrity mco tgft him slonp.

H. J. VANr.r,!'gN.BERGI| ' tr

I may have giverr the impression that H. I. oln den Sergb** th" first t6 recruit iourndists as spies in South 4frica"He was not; he set up a secret service which iaitially was

composed only of iournalists. Long b-9{ore HJ canre oo-the

scene South Africa's Military Intelligence nern'ork had

realized the valud of having reportefs as informantg "gr ,

agents. So had the Security Branch. Several attempts wW '

ttirA" to enlist iournalists, and some must have been succegsr - 'ful. But I know of two approaches which failed' ' ":, I. J. 'Oosie' Oosthuizen was a liberal Afrikaner who

,

*o*"a as a repofrer on the Johannesburg Sunday Exprass

in the early r96os. He was approache! by the Searity.Sranch and asked to spy. $7hen he enCrily refirsed to betray

his many Black friends, Pretoria leaked a rumour that he

z,os a r"Lr"t agent. This shattered Oosie, who was a gentle,

lovable hulk of a man. He rushed round trying to convince

his liberal friends, Black and White, that he had been

*amea as a spy because he had refused to work as one.

Sadly, few people believed him. I certainly didn'tEverythiig was against him. He was a typical rugby:

playing type who actually looked like a policeman. In tho.se

.itays a U6&at Afrikaner who worked 'for an anti-apaf,theid'paper and had many Black friends was extraordiryW. foincr""se the rumours and further damn Oosie the SecurityBranch made a point of harassing several of his close Blackfriends who were known to be politically involved. Duringinterrogation sessions the Security men cunningly droppedfalse clues which suggested their information had comefromOosie. As a result many Blacks avoided him. Oosie became

tf€mendously depressed startpd drinking heavily and thengassed himself. At the time I was completely unaware thatih" S".urity Branch had falsely smeared him, and Idiscovered the tnrth only years later, from one of mytrandlers. Rest in peace' Oosie. The truth finally came

ollt. t; )

Another man killed himself after being asked to spy.' ltVhen he refused, the Security Branch leaked' a rulaour toii his editor that he was secretly sleeping with a,Black wornsn

- I ' '1 '

ti " l**rU: Bog6:i:::-:i | .:^ij

who workod as a 'tca ghl' aqd trat an arrest under theImmorality Act was imrrrinent Vhen hr,was confrontedhyhig editor and warned that his iob was at risk, he walkedinro hie newspapet's photographic darkroom ard gulpddown a large quantity of ctremical 'fi:<€r'. His relatirres werebtally mystified by his zudden and horrible suicide. I was .

told about this incident by a senior BOSS official a longtime ago, and the only.details I can remenrber are that thevictim was a photographer on an Afrikaans newspaper inlohannesburg, but his deatlr was reported by at least onenew\paper, so his case can be inrrestigated.

lFhen I first started spying I was told to inake as manyBlsck friends as possible - particularly among those whoseemed interested in politics. For a reporter on an etrti-apartheid newspaper this was easy. Not only did I msl$Blacft friends, I earefully sought out thqse who co.ulde&rcate me a6out the various underground nrovenrerits iaSouth Africa.

One of the first comacts I made was Raphael Tshabalala,eecretly a regional ornmander of the banned Black movement the Pan-Africanist C;ongress (PAC).,Raphael workedin the circulation dep.artment of the Rmd Daily Mail *ndlwss able to tslk to him every day; He expleine4 to rne thatthe PAC was.a moderate Black moveirrent whictr wasfighttng for tbe equaltty of Blacks in South Africa.., llf we came to power we wouldn't push the White manintothe sea. Ve realize that wend still need the expertise ofthe lVhite man and anylVhitewillingto work alongside-us,in harmony, to build up a new and better regime would bemore than welcome in the peaceful and multiracial socierywe hope to achiever' he to$ me.. I found it hard to,believe that ttre PAC was stnongb

opposed to C;mtrrufsm' but Raphael proved it to me byproducing docunerts; Theee showed the PAC had bwQrnred in rg5g when several leading members had broken-away frm the other maior Black underground move.rrcnt,t&e A&icao National C,orgress (ANCJ. They had done sobecause ths ANC had entered imo an alliane with Vhitee

' rr. I. vauriix BERctr. 53

who were known to be meinbers of tlre. Sotit$;Aftic{$ C"oqimunist Parry (SACP).

Raphael explained this simply: 'Ve ih the'FAe wercbitterly opposed to this alliance, because we didnt waflt rs-

come to power with the help of \ffhite Communists. Tlleywould have connived to take powgr from us and cre*ite,'c"Communist society. lWe Blacks would then still be rutdeff ,

the domination ofVhites and would never be able to rise,u$.qgain, because under the suict Communist cell principki.it's impossible to gather a filass of men togethef, in arevolution. As soon as anyone stands up to protest they iustchop offyour head.'

I{aphael told me that the leaders of the PAC had re.ceivcd several offers offinancial and political support flomPeking.

'If we had wanted to enter into an agreement with Com-munists, we would have done so with the Chinese, becauseat least ttrey, are Easterners. But we refused because wswanted no track with Communi.sm of any description t' ,

.

Shaking his head in prizzlernent Raphael oontinud-:,'Yet, although it's patently clear we in the PAC are totallyopposed to Communism, the South African govef,nfirentbanned us under thq Suppreqsion of Comniuriism Act: Ifthat's not ludicrous, I don't know what is!'

;,tl r.il.'l;'lii,, iir

:, i:r' 1..i : il,r 1ff iffi itrtf il.fry

4. ..THE BTAOK WARRIORSfvyrult yt- -rft-su r H r! i i r t I rtr r tu-rsr r' -yur r r r r vt- _uly

tn the first few weeks of Republican Intelligence, H. J, van,$t l":gl y*_onty interested in recruiti"iWt ii" i"r*J:lS as ag:nts. He told rne he did not trusiBlacks. ff" *ia.nrs experience as a constable o1 the beatin Johannesburg atthe beg^inning 9flris career ln tt eigi", n"ti *aO" him verywary of Black informers.

.'They're very unreliable and mostly inveterate liars,, hesaid.

hl tt9 s_o_on changed his mind, and several Blacks wererccrurted. Not all were reporters. Some were well_knowngrlqi-apaxtheid activists and a few *e*;r*;-#;:+;I^{,gpts pT::d lc:l:ate l" r'i',."*i"giy *ilJs";"r;vatlon that most Black informers were unreliable. TIme andagain evidencg given by Black informers *d,g";w*;;;accepted by the corrts.

The rnost'notofious example I can remernber concernedI ptg$ agent rrtro

ryrs_ lnitially "i"*iiJbv n"prtfi-*"Intelligence. When B O S S was formed i" i gO9 h" *;tro" toW*I"r it as-1spy with a higher grading. ftis code numberwas.Xs+,.Td T r97o he appeared in th-e Cape;";il;&t the trial of twenty-one Blacks accused of sabotage.|gq"l*i"g atl rhe ac"rrs"4_the tud;;in rh"iii"L m" JusticeThergn, descrite{ agent X!4 as a'terribte tiar,'sayiriJ;Hewas the centfe of the whole State case and fri* a"i.ercunder cross-examination were false.,

The judgg added: otrt makes one shudder to think that$omeone with the line of .thought and mentaltry ;f X;pdd 9: glaced in the positi;;h"*,;,

" poti"" witness,

he could have an interest in the arest of members of thipubl.ic.'

. Unbeliwably, agent X54 was never charged with per.jury: \trhen this maner was aired in parliu-.n[, the Minister,I

r,:,:,.e{1t, yesr' replied Minister Muller. .But if a iudicial

il.'.Of Police, Mr S" L. Mullen aqtrall), spoke in favour of X54.il;,,Ittwas of little consequenie to him ihat a Suprerne Coirt'F, iudge had found the agent to be an out-and-o:rrt liar. . .

i, offic9r has doubts about the credibility of a witness in any'particular case it does not necessarily follow that suctr, n

r,i witness has committed periqry.'i lhe Minister was unperturbed that agent Xj4 had ali'q

THB BT,ACS WARRTORS . 5t

edmitted lying during a similar trial in port Elizabeth. Even, wors€r wfgn h9 wgs asked to state whether agent:X54 ryassrill working for the security services, Minister Mu[er

:,refusgd to answef. I know that agent X54 did, in fact,, continug to spy and is altnost certainly still spying today.

The Minister's defensive comments in pariiarient gqve, policemen all over South Africa a tremendous boost. Cldrlv"lying spies were acceptable in rhe never-ending battieagainst liberalism and Communism. Hitler *o,r]d h"oerry49d wryly at this Gestapo Charter of the Seventies,which gave the'Soirth African policeman an e:(cuse to con-nive and lie in order to gain a conviction.

Vhile H. J: van den Bergh did not worry overmuch abqgt, the credibiligy of his Black agents when trhey appeared asstate witnesses, he did care whether or not they were loyalto Republican"Intelligrcnce. When he started recruiting,Blacks he called me to Pretoria and gave me a special secreiassignment. He wanted me ro ver Blacks whjwere beingconsidered for recnritment.

My iob was quite simple. Whenever HJ had any doubtsabout a particular Blac$, he would get uniforrned SecwiqyPolice officers to approaih the man and ask himto spy. TheiHJ would give me the man's name and address and ask meto check him out. Off I would go and interview the manunder the pretexr that I was a lournalist compiling a bigstory which would expose the fact that the Security eoJid'were trying-to recruit Black spies and informers. gxihiqing.:that the editor of my anti-apartheid newspape, wa, fuflo?'indignation about this, I would then ask the man if hekfiafln,any Black who had been approached and asked to spy. I

f6'txsrg.s'Bos8. I ;," :

wodd girrc tte ma$ a guaraatee of abeolute confidene, and .

pr.ofiiisethat his nme would nocbepublishedinthe paper.If 'he disclosed that he had been approached hioogg f -

silbmitted a report to H. |. van den Bergh waming him thatfic man was a bad risk. But if the man claimed not toknow about anyone being asked to spy he was clearlytnrstwonhy and HJ would give hi4 clearance for positiverecruianent.. Withto six moaths of vetting Blacks in this way H| gaveme an qrchrsive interrriery in whictr he deniedaying torecnrit Blacks as s€cret agents. The story appeaed as a$Bhsh front-pager under, the headline lSA Spy Rings?Defirtitely Not, Says Security Chief',*

'Orle of my fust victims was Raphael Tshabalal+ thc manwho taught me about the Pan-Africanist Congress and,iganti*Coromunist pohcy. I asked Raphael if he kncw of,mySlad< who had been approached. Trustirg me he'saidSeEufity mpn had interrriewed him one wee[ eartier.:.,'AlthouBh they adopted a false politeness, they still

treated me like a servant. They told me I'd be well paid if Ihelped root out what they called Black C,ommtrniyrs andsaboteurs. But if I refrrse, it'll be taken as. a gesture ofdefiance because Pm known to be a'menrber of a Blackuoderg3ound movement myself, although tlrey know I'mno Commtmist.'.''She Sectrity Police officers had told him that he wouldb6 given one month to decide whether he wished to spy.ornot If he did not,rhe would be detained without trial brphc€d under house affest. Raphael Tshabatala was a toughold politicd warrior, but he admined ttrat the threat ofdetention or house arrrst scard the daylights ogt of hfun.Efther of these puni$nrents would stop him, earning aliving, and his wife,urd ehildren would sufrer. But to hellwith the Seanriry Polie I IIe uns going to refuse, He eimplyould not betray hie Black political friends.

One week later a posse of Security Police cowbrys bursti& Raphael Tshabalala's co,ncrete egg-box of a home d

* tohannesbtrrg Strday Er?rac;zR&ttrrrry ry64.

[:i]';';:rr:tl:

Iti.i

:;''.,...'',.,.:]'..,''].

58'xrlot$&:B0sg .

rnd Rashael had to be t"elasd' in tetrms 9f thc t8% tbc&&titi*.q gave him a shmtbreather and ttren d€tain€d

hil"-danotn& bng spell. Northing appearedinthe nervs-

Lo"*r about Raphaefs doubite doee of detention' This was

l6U"Ufr because hundrds'of Blacks were being detained

it *r" tiit". Fressmeo had no-wary of fnding out ebotrt most

of thesr.-- n"pfrot ftn fchh stilt refusedto work as a spy an4 !es-

Dit til*""*mental strain caused by total solitary confos'i"*i,-tr" refused to tell ttre polie interropton aoythiqg

eG; trt" political associates. vhile hc was incarcerated

H. i. "* den Eergh autlrorized me to give money to his

*id to help her buy food for her children' There was oo

**ttitt*ttuiity invoived in this. The idea was ttrat Mary

fshaUalala wbufa tefl her Black frieods about ury kindreas,

;Jihi", $aid HJ, would'strenglhen my cover amongstthe

Itb*l-'.td leftifo'. He was rigttt. The news spread and

Uno"Sht me dre friendship of many other Black politicos'

rrho oould then be sPied on"''Vtfr* nuphael came out of detention, his aormally

cfruUty fae was gaunt. Under tlre terms of the ninery-day

ffi h6 wife coutl have taken him food e'ch day' Bnt thc

&stattce sne{ould hsve had to travel, quite aPqt fuF:h:d-"f,*" food, made this imBossible Raphael-h*g

;;"d t*i"ty on mealie pap,* which YT-gwe1 tqBt"*m;;-tto&with a ctrpof water md t-ralf ag-btqT.uqbilh"i;*t ut&a. He lost forty pounds in weight while.in

;;ittl"-Ht" cheekbones stoodout, and his fine Black skin'

**Tl"tr'"o"-t*Uy shone like matroggny, was a sickly ydlow'

*li i fett no pity ror nim that I remember' In those days any

Sh"k *it"t& ** th" efremy. I belierred in and fully ryq;;;A;Pt -*t" Yi€w ttlsi anyone rockiog the boat had

inlv himself to bhoe when caught-Jt"t"A Raphael to tell me what it wqs like under ninety*

a"v JetenAon as a Black. I will never forget his answer: -

-&';;.t "

irnposible to describe. Try locking yourself inl'l *A ooft puby porridge rludc ftom Esize'E€sli alao tqowns ilnrtltf a ncet,6&W.ii adtlcd. -:

6 Iltsr.EB,Bo$S' r "'. ':

ii:

ll,1':lii.,

*refewreal Black &inhunists I metwhile spying'in SouthAfitca.|He neveldenM that'he was a Communist andvirnrally forced the govemflieltt to list him as one. lle was

ferocious in his haued of the ttr(rhite Nationalist rulers andtheir policy of apartheid. .Hj thought Aaron could bete{nedd inio spying if,he was offered a large w4ge. f wentto vet him at his home at 5986 Orlando East, Sowetor andasked him ifhe knew ofany Blacks being approached andasked to spy. As it happened, Aatbn,had taught me all aboutthe airns and obiects of the banned African NationalCongreesrso he *usted me. Admitting he had been asked tospy he said he would never agee. A f,ew days later he waspulled in by Seouity men, who gave him a hiding,and toldlhim hE would be placed under house arrest if he.still reftreedto spy. They gave hirn one month to decide. One wek

$eforo the deadline he fled acrus the bsrder into Swaziland.Again I p-layedlthe part of White benefactor and gave hiswife, Lydia, money to help her. I retrieved the mouey fromRepublicm Intelligence by charging it rlp as 'expensesr.

Richard Tliegaardt was a Coloured teacher widely knoqmas 'IJncle Dick'; His big mistake in life was that he taughtnon-White children to hate the systern of apartheid. ButDick did not.see it as a mistake. He was a member of thebanned African National Congress dnd devoted every wakingmolnent to propagandizing hie cause. Pretoria stopped muchof that by listing mrrr* as a Communist. That put paid to histeaching careef, arrd he had to take a menial storeman's'iob'far beneath his intellecnral capabilities

Excerpt from secret BO S S fi'les (rg78):

'TRIBGAARDT, Richard George Bernard. AdultColoufed,nale aged 68. Home address zo OudtshoornStreet, Coronationville Colour-ed Township. Active

,i member of theAfrican National Congress and suspectedof involvement in sabotage. Was recruited into the'South

,,African Corhmunist Party by Edward e'Eddie'? Rotx,fbimer Cambridge'botanist and author of "Time Longer

6a . rxsrps toss

{6-*week wage earned by bis daughter Denise, a divoroeewith a,little daughter aepd€ight.

As atisted Communist, Dick could not be guoted by anynewspaper. But, in a story disclosing his house arrect' Iqu ted his daughter, who stuck her neck out bravely andsid rI find it vdry straqge that the Minister of Justice shouldas$uf,ne that I will keep my father in food and clottring forthe next five yeare. I a4 not interested in politics but I ampUlded tok[ow how the Minister thinks I can zupportrnyfsthef, my daughter and myself on f,6 a week.'*',But tbc bully boys in Pretoria were not interested in sob

otodes..They took the attitude thet anyone who lived in thesarne house as a 'subversive scherning Comrnie' deservedwhx they got: During my sixteen years as a spy for SouthAfrica I rarely felt sorry for anyone. I always found.aoexgqse for what happened and'it was usually:,!I rnusn't weaken. These people are the enernies of the

coitntrjl Irve adopted. They wouldn't have sufered if they'dbetravd thernselves.'

During the few weeks before the house-arrest order wasimposed on Dick Triegaardt' I became very friendly withhim and often went to his house for meals. I provided thebrandy - which I clained on s(petrses from RepublicanIatelligence - and Dick's daughter gave me either babotiefor fsh and chips, which was all they could aford. I spentcmrndess hours ririth Uncle Dick, drinking and talking untilthe earty hours of the moming. IIe did most of the talkiiggad'was a fabulous racooteuf,. Most of his stories werebmed on his experiences a a youth in what he called'theStruggle' for Black_ frecdom. By the time the house-arrestorder was irnpos€4 I liked him trtmendously and wasimpresoed by the oourageous way he refirsed to knuckleurder to tbe regirne I was spying for.'.:;,Wlheer'the houseareet mder was senred on him, f was

* Jobannesburg Smday Express' 6 June rg65.t A ttsaitional disb prepared by Colorued pe6ple in the Cape. ft

@iir$ of qffted mincc with raisins, dricd epricots and/or almondrwitb I srioury c8s toEping.slighdy bumt utder r f{st hot Btill r

,,rr:64 . rNslor,BosB r. .., :

-

to stay under tweoty-four-hout house affest. Uncle Dickwas ecstatic, but his joy was short-livcd. Whenever he got a

'iob the Security boys went to his employer and put thelnife inr sapng 'This bloody bushman who's working foryou is a dangerous Commie. You'd be well advised to getrid of him.' \ffhite businessmen in South Africa do not liketanCling with the Sectrity heavies, so Dick kept findinghimself out of work.

trn 1959 Dick heard that his mother, Mrs Maria Trie'gaardt, was seriously ill. He broke his banning order andrabed to her home. She was a delightfrrl old lady-'old' beingno exaggeration: she was then roz. She cried her heart outwhen Dick walked in and comforted her. She knew theSecurity Police would find out that he had broken his ban:ning order. She was right. Dick was arrested, found guiltyand sentenced to one month in jail.

I That,really made Dick mad. On returoing home he wrstea letter to one of his political friends. In it he stated'Youhad better come and get that special bundle of sticks in mycoalshed. They are starting to sweat and I'm getting wof-ried.'

Dick, the old rogue, knew that the lctter would be inter-cepted by the Security Police. Sure enough, three \[/.hiteSecurity men raced round to his house the n€)rt day withtwo Black constables. Their mission was to look for sticks ofdynamite which were obviously hidden in Dick Trie-gaardt's coalshed and were starting to 'swoat'. Dick pre-tended to be dismayed as the White Security men orderedttre rwo Black constables to shovel opt all the coal in the shed.

It took two hours, because Dick's daughter had bought acomplete supply for the winter at specially reduced sutn-mer priges; As the last few shovelfuls were throrrin out, Dickqouldn't restrain himself any longer. He_bu1s1-i1tto laughter.: 'Tbat'll teach you to read my personal mailr'he grinned at

,itre three Vhite Security men.The cops got their ow:r back by leaving all the coal out-

sidc the shed; Dick had to hurnp it all in again. But he didn'tmind. He ctruckled with every shovelful.

66 . INsrnP soss :

of theBlack matl unless,they knorxr the truth about his livingaonditions. Everyone has 89en slums, but Soweto is horrific'il;s a fsrbidden area..Whites have to obtain a special permit

befqte they can drive into it, and they are never allowed inun"i A"tt. As a secret agent for Pretoria I wab free to go

tlrire any,time and I did - hundreds of times, often qleeping

in Black homes.. About one and a half million Blacks are estimated to be

livins there, but the true figure will never be known, as a

i"eo" n"*UEr of undeclared relatives and fiiends qay

iifE"[y.-S"*",o was bor,n out of White selfishness, greqd

a"d" ietite to perpetuate racism- It.is a vast resgrvoir ofBlack labour whiCh keeps the businesses and factories

throbbing twelve miles away in the fabulously rich Vhiteciw of Tohannesburg'

tft tr"*. Soweto is a bastard one taken from the fircttwo letters of the words South Western Townships' The

Black residents derisively pronounce it 'So Where To?l It

"o""rc "inttw-nroe squutl kilometres and is composed of

t*"tt y-rii different areas known as locations. Thgse hayg

ouaini names such as Zola, Jabulani, Mofolo and Zondi'.itti"t might welt conjure up an image ofBlacks wearing

beaded tr-ibal gear and carrying spears. But nothing is

nrrttt.t from th'e truth. A11 the residents wear European-

"ryf" *itt and dresses, and the youth favours blue ieans and

t'-*tdtttr They drink tea' eat fish and cliqs. lnd a$9re

w,*iCl,i"g football matches - iust like-the British Yotking^rriqn. nit there the similarity ends. Soweto is a place ofh.ia, eriodi"g poverty of the sort that causes ils-residents to

search"through-municipal rubbish dumps i" Wh{ ar9as inthe hope of finding wood to burn-or etnpty Pepsl-cola

bottles-for the few cents deposit o1 then-o' -

,, The Blacks in South Africa spend nearly half $ei-r ry3qe**n , ott food (which only takes about one sixth of a $0hite

i*iirv" earnings), and a sid indicationof this can be drawn

?ffi'*h* lrt*tfditto which shorv that in 1978 Baragwanath

ff*oi uf, which-sewes Soweto, treated r,ror cases of mal-

;nE id itt t"uio alone. Thirty-eight per cent of the

ri 68'. lx3,tDB,socoi' ivel$, wi$"be Blackehililren of school-going age reading'cecribbling away furiously. They are doing ttreir homerwor.kSqlyeto mothss urge thern to do this because it?s better tharfscr*ining 6eir eyes

"sading by inside the hornes.

For miles and mitss in Soweto all you gan see are endlessriuffs of govemment-built, singlestor€y, concrete housesratlrer like enrde oblong army pill-boxes with small win--dows. They are identical, apart from the big white numbersdapped oathe doors by government officials using stencib.

There is a shortale of nearly 3orooo houses in Soweto. Anaverage of eight people live in eactr three-roomed house,but lt is not unusual for twelve people, gpanning thresgensations, to share. Ofrcials quite often disoover twentyUying in one house, with ten kids streeping ori ttrefloor adfour adults to each double bed. The South Africso govGlrpmetn makes sure ttrere is always high unemployment inBlack areas like Soweto. This makes ttie Black workingfurce zubmissive and desperate to keep their iobs, howeveiu€oiat. If onemenrber of a Blackfamily is out of work, theothers rally round and support him until he finds a ibb.

The world has been conned on the zubiect of Soweto. In1955, in a brilliant prop4mda manoeuvre, the South ,

Aftican goverament crtated.an areatlsecalled Dube. Here,middleclsss $ld,white-collar Black'workers were dlowed tobuild their own houses. A few ofthese are double-storey*&lrq rdth three or for.lr bedmoms. One, owned by a.*i*rorr even has a privare swimming pool. The srraller,'Siilrses usually have pretty litde gardens ar the front with a

, profirsion of oolonrful flowers and sometimes a grep€vine,.'trdned to grow across a trellis over the front door. -

Neariy all overseas tourists ahd VIPs are taken to Dtrbe$r an offidsl government gurde or a uavel agent who actsa8 ai Becret front for the high-power prnpaanOa meo in: &trth Africa's Departmeot of Informatioar.* No wonder

':. i,:1.:1..' *.BOSS hqs several utvel agents ready to esort irnpor,taot visitorg

to plsccs like Soweto. One of them is Mrs Moray Franz, who runs asindil'sgcqcy in Bedfordview, tohannccburg; telephone numbii6t6-'<4+

.tl

I r /-r -4*ry:-A. ;1.."iljtit-n:|!.l4;l . .v. . r,, ;,:'.', ':-

'r :j-

7.O' t'N$fDE- qOSs:' Ir:r 'i l

policemenr stormed in-with automatic weapons and htrd;dreds of tear-gas canisters; Official figures admit to a deachtoll in Soweto, and other places to which the riots sprea$of 4gg, with at least 3;907 people injured. That spells ornPretoria's real attitude towards Blacks: 'Shoot the kaffirs ifthey get cheeky.'

As a former propagandist for Pretoria, I know the. SouthA-fricangovernmentwill pull out its hairy old argument thatSouth African Blacks are much better off than those inBlac.k African states up north. This is typical misleadingreasoning. The Black in South Africa does not comparehimself with Blacks in other parts of Africa. His frame ofreference is his immediate environment. He sees the luxur-ious life led by South African Whites - the six or ten timeshrgher wages they get, the freedom they have tb travel aodlive where they like, and the fact tha! no White SouthAfrican worker ever has to work on a iob whictr calluseshis hands. An4 of course, there's that alf important votethat only the I7hite person has.

. Pushed into a corner, the South African government willthrow another slice of twisted logic. It goes something likethis:

'In terms of the officially stated separate developmentpolic-y thE urban Bladss are only temporary residents inSoweto. Their real home is in their homelands.', \trfhite South Africa would not survive withoqt such con,vgnient pools of cheap Black labour. Not for a month.White businesses and industries rely totally on the Blacksand canriot manage without thern. '

Soweto is South Africa's time bomb where dre clock isremorselessly ticking away against the apartheid regime. Itnpeds iust a spark to set it off, and when that happens shareswill plqmmet, iust as they did at the time of the Strarpeville*hootinp. A massive Black uprising is inevitable in South

iAIi"ica. More than half the Black population is underilf€nty-one, and these youngsters are not stupid. Despite

draoonian censorship of their political reading mafier, th€yhqve an ever-growing awareness of politics and of ttreir

:-

72,'' :INSIDE 8OS8.,,. .

1293 Dube. There he told me how he had taught his three

elder sons to fight against iniustice. Pa*ick, aged twentpfive, and Timothy Roy, eighteen, had fled from SouthAfrica. Patrick was training as a guerrilla in Cuba; Timotlry'Roy was in Cairo and also involved in the liberation strug-sle asainst South Africa.- Ofi William then introduced me to his son Tom, aged

nineteen, who also wished to escape from South Africa.When I told H. J. van den Bergh about this he said:, nlffhy don't you smuggle Tom out of the country? It'll

gfye you an even better reputation as a kaffirboetie.'*-,Ota Wilianr thanked me profusely when I said I wouldtake his son out. On the night before he was due to leaver

Tom stayed at my flat in Hillbrow. I talked to him forabout four hours as we sat drinking brandy in the lounge.Tom dropped the names of several Blacks who worked fottlre under$ound and of Vhite liberals who helped tlrem inralrious ways. Torn did not know there was a tape recorderhidden in the bookcase.

The ne>rt morning a problem cropped up. My handler inJohannesburg at the time was Jack 'Koos' Kemp. He blew afuse when{ tdd him HJ had approved Tom's escape.

'Oh, no. Not on your life!' he growled, going red in tlieIbce. 'You can drop the Black swine iust before you reachthe border fence. Drive away quickly and. I'll have fourSecurity men hidden in the bushes to grab him.'

With only an hour to spare before I drgve Tom Letlalooutr'I went over Kemp's head and phoned HJ in Pretoda'complaining to him that I would be the prime suspect ifTom was captured at the border. Van Den Bergh agreed

and said he would call offthe four Security men who wseto have hidden in ttre bushes.

According to plan, f drove Tom to South Africa's:border with Bechuanaland. We travelled in my red Renaultqnrts coup6 fitted with false number plates. These were

t f An abusive Afrikaans term meaning'kaffir-brother" In the same

way as the American :'nigger-lover', it is applied to any 'White vhowsiks for, or attadres impofinnce to, the welfare of Blsck people.

t4 - rNcn}l soss

Oe fstecnatlonal Sdroot, Cceka 5, Opletalorn*, Pragga, Crectroslovakia. Address then e/o Mrs E. -O-,i?pn' q'

,Strarrikova, Prague 3. Now works as a publicity aad

research officerior the ANC. Present address: z6 AvenueafUot Sarraug Dakar, Republic of Senegal.'

Old William ktlafo mrsted me ompletely after I had

takenhis son out of the courtry. He inroduced me to many

crther Blacks in the r.mderground. It was through him thstElgar Motau came into *y lift. Edgar was a short stocky

Blick who had been arrested early one morningashehandedout illegal pamptrlets to Blacks on their way to wgrk' [{ewas takin i,r a

-Security Polirje office in Pretoria, where he

was interrogated by mb \Yhite officers, one of them named

Ferrcha, Ai noon-the nn'o security men called in a Black

eosstable, saymg they wene going to lunch' Fointkry toEdgar Motau they rold the Black constable: '

r, 'l,ook after ttris ctrap umil we get back; you hear.'

Edgar was very b"ight indeed. RealizlnS those words

'I,oo[ after this ihap'-were ambiguous, he betraved ia avery coclsy manner, putting his feet up on tle desk as \e sxba&; relixed. He 6egan io talk about Ofr-ce1 Ferreira;whaia nice chap hewas, howfriendly hewas withhim Thisttrew the gta& mnstaUte ompletely. Puzled, he asked

Edger:'What are you in for, then?'

'Are you cl:azy?'replied Edgar, feignhg anger. 'I'm nota crirninal. I'ni one bf *re best Black informers on the

Securit t Branch payroll.'.,So saying EGd adopted an officious attitude, p-ulled

xirne mon{:out of his pocnet and ordered the cursteble toi"tctr rrm dt*a*icn aha a coke. The Black copfdtr for itsnd *rcnt to set Edgarns lunch. Edgar scrarrbled thmughtftc window ina escapea. A massive searctr was launched

Sr him. IIe was brought to Johannesburg in ttre boot of .a"Asad rnade mntact wittr Oe Letlalo family, who told him*xxit meand asked rne if f would take him out of the couitryae quiekly as possible.

6 r r.}lsiqB,Bossr'r, ,: :] i

- Fish'Keitsirrg was very frimdty towards pe wbcn q$qMil;;ffiffiaroot il! 'uon"tv" and r picked up a lot of

ft;;.# from hinr. He gave South African retugees

ffiilffi ;;g"d frc th€* to stay in Bechuanaland

ilt*ttt.rri "rio aded as a oonduit for funds from over-

;;';;"pt lnt"testea in helprng politi* retugees-fron

il"r,fr-A6i.a. With dlese funOs-he pgid-for air tickets

:;;tid;h" refrtgess'to flv north' FT,l q* vettd new

erriva!$ to rnake sure tfrey trery genqn" and not South

,ffr;;6..yi"g to infiitrate ttre rants of the ANC' '''lGffi'd$io;tt"id otsu"ds of mento safetv o'er&e

"*ti. H""Gtt oi ttt"- went up norttr-fo^r .1*1",9-3ffi;orii-fich** who would renun an$ fight for- the-

il;;;";?iii".kt in South Africa' r took ph91:tP,T{Fistt-'*A several mernbers of his secret -group

whrcn r;btttil; * rr. J. van den Bergh. for identity-chcking

;;;;;;. d"" "rin. oittgt Fishiold me was ttrat he had

iust boueht a van to us! when ferrying south African

H,nl;"ro;oi il""t'"*trand. H' J' van de19qs| *gt'd;;"ii.d;;i-"-;hen r reported alt b."*.to him' Two

South African agents slipped across the border a few dayo

later and blor uP the van.:- It"iT"* ldmo naa ueen smuggled out ofthe country'

ff. f. t"" Oen Aetgft decided to tryiecruiting Old yitliTt;;il:-s;*tity"officers made an official approach and.r

iru"i'li tt it ,tp it trre usuat way' old william told me all,16*,ft"Git ty ttre Security men and the spying ofer''-'Ttrcr, must bL mad' was his only comrnent'

v;-ffi;;dh was certainlv midwhen tre n9g-{1hx'r#;;;;-nionthslater, on b March 1965' old-williern'ffi ;";w-fi;"; was placed under trn'enty-four-hour

;;;;;:F;t-ih" nenrfour vears he nser left tfs ttltte

;#;'b";*.. t*iut"rno for him was sad and intolerable.

'fiact fA not talk to anyone in his home-except his family'

iirfib*'arrlt"d; mti to his wife, rrilliam had to so rydeit in another room until they left' To talk to him 9Ye"3eA; ;ffi ilv g"ta* wouid have constinrted a visit' The

il;"hJ;u""tT"oom "na was lit bv oil lamps' It had two

78 . rNstor,ross

him what had happened. Bridge confessed to spying for-the

Security Branch in order to get money for his pargtg. \ilheni aeftci"a in 1979, Old William l"etlalo was. qill living *rz93 Dube. But he is a cripple. Doctors say,lis legs^became

ioiio" after being confined to such a small area for eight

]tears." Lazarus Zwane was a fifty-tn'e'year-old Black messenger

errployed in the Rand' Daily Mailburld@,Johannesburg.Hiwds a secret member of the African National Congreswho trusted me completely. One day in late 1965 he walkedinto the news room and said a political associate had intro-duced him to an unusual Black man in a small non--V'hite;E-;;by.the gtact had told him that he had iust come

fto* n*.iu, where he was trained in guerrilla warfare ahd

*Uoug"r and he was looking for a safe place to slay. -,ltftte-** had shown Lazaru$ a,_South Aflican half:qo*tt *itt which was really a mictofihn container. I foundthe story hard to believe, but the ne:rt morning Lryqussfrived at my desk and handed me a 1955'South Afriganhutf.oo*o *tti.tt looked genuine but came apart whelrunscrewed. It was a work of art. Unabl'e to believe my luek'I showed it to my fellow repoftefs on the SffidgY Express,

one of whom, Bili Smith, held the co-in,!s Phgtographs were

Aen J it. Tully Potter' a keen young liberal who later. had

hls press pass withdrawn by Pretoria in vengeance for an

anti-government story he had wriften, was very astute'

E:<ariining the half-crown carefully, he sai{t, 'It's dehnitely a microfilm container. I'd be careful if Iwefe you. This could be oftremely dangerous''

Hii remark was prophetic. After the police laboratory

had examined the half-crown, H. J. van den Bergh told tae

i, -frui

f""". *achine'ground with great prechion'

'I'm keento trace the man wtro owns itr' he said' 'I don'ttriuk 'he's a sabotew; he's more likely to be a spy' A Russian

ncent active in South Africa can't afford to be caught with

ilt".f "f his spying. He'd therefore microfilm all his secret

iJ"po* to Mosiow and keep them safely tucked ay.qv-i1th3tiJttowed-out coin. There'sa ornning reason f,or this. Ifhe's

orer arested by accident, for being drunk, let's say, or onsuspicion when found in a resuicted area, it would be vitallvimportant for him to get rid of the damning widence.,

-

fn most countries, and cenainly in South-r\frica, s/hen amaq is taken to a police station he is told to empty out hispockets. All his personal possessions, including 6ank notes,cigarette lighter, watch, etc., af,e placed in what is known asa private property bag bearing the prisoner's name. If thEman being searched has a few loose coins in his pocket$"these are thrown into a petty cash box and a receipt-for thatamount is placed in his bag, which is given to him on release.

'The beauty of this little trick,' said HJ as he handledthe microfitn half-crown, 'is that once it's been throrun intothe petty cash box there's no longer any proof that the manwas ever carrying that coin. The chances of it being detectedin the police station are slight. It would probably get pardout to another prisoner, and it could be months"before itaccidentally unscrews and falls open.'

H. l. van den Bergh told me I could ofer Lazarus Zwaneup to {z,ooo if he helped the Security Police uace the manwho owned the microfilm container. I told Lazarus and,although he was a staunch ANC supporter, such a hugereward tempted him. He was very poor, with five childrento support. His wife, Ida, earned dz a week doing the weeklywash for a White family. When Lazarus agreed to help thepolice, I passed him on to H. J. van den Bergh.

I never saw him again. About ten days later his body wasfound lying across the railway line at Ikwezi, less than onemile from his home at rz58 Zondr in Soweto. His head hadbeen ctushed by the wheels of a train. I don't know whokilled Lazarus, but he was definitely murdered. His headhad actually been split open by an axe and was placed onthe railwqy line afterwards in an artempt to make his deathappear accidental. f do not believe he was killed as a traitorbI hir Black political associates. I am sure he changed hismind about betraying his comrades and an over-zealous,Black police agent killed him by accident or design. ..

I have several good reasons for making this claim. The

5 , ]OURNATISTS AND JEWSffl-fYw YffYIr Y--f A-TgYLtrAr YY-Y-Y!-YYYfUYYUI

Another speclql assignment for H. J. van den Bersh was*:J."tttTq ot fbreign journalists visiting South Afriia. i

- rne btg problernr' .he told me, ,is that all over$eas ,

journalists take a definite stand when they come to this.,.,{"country. Somb come ap genuine friends and write stori;t"our favourrparticutarly when they ,"it" fb" {il;i";plpers. The others come here with itre deliberate Intentioiof attacking us. But they sll claim to ue unuiasea

""a eviil

well-disposed towards us when ttrey matce i#-;ffi;i"iapp- ligation to enter the country.. 'That's rlhere you can be ujeful. Vhen f,ve any doubts

about any_foreign iournalist, I,ll ptant you on him and it,ll .

be your job to find out if he,s up t" """*"r. "-r,plfi"g *ti]

apartheid srories. If he is, I,ll quickly have him fli"G8 o"i,One ofthe well-known journalists i u*tt"a *", ia"A;;L ,

Beiclrman of the Neu york Herald Tribirc, who visitedSouth Africa_in July 1965. But in rhat case ffldiA notiianime on him; I met him quite by accident. Iiwas;id;rrn;and the first edition of qry ryyspaper hadgon" t" U.O

"-"iwent to have a drink with friends on theitatr "iA;';;;Johannesburg !?d"y Times, There, t" .h" i;;;;;,;"

room, was Mr Beichman, talking to ihe then J,"" "i;il;Times, Mr Joel Mervis.When Mr Mervis introduced me to Mr Beichman, Iwasted no time in asking if he had experienced

""v trouitiyltf the securitv police since his

"tiiuuri"-so"rit ffi;:This was a trick question I always p"t to oi.1ii"g d;il;;as it gave me a chanceto make i q.ri"t *..".rrr"rrr. you canalwaystell the right-winger. rris unrw.r t; .Wdffiffi;; .

police. be interested h p"? In- any care, tnislirrl;;;6 l

state, is it? ' The liberal iournalist usuaUysays . D;nt ;;;if'm aware of the problerns.' ' ,

THB TRUTH ABOUT THAT BOMB. gp

wardef, recrrived a broqn-paper parcel contaiqdng banknotesto the value of {rrooo. The parcel was sent monymoudybut I understand *rat a short note inside it told the warderthat nobody outside the prison would be contsdable and,that the warder must affange the escape with John Harrb.:The note added that if Harris succeeded in his qcape afurther {6rooo would be posted to the warder. ,;..irr'

Harris and the warder hatctred an escape plot whieh'lwould be mounted one or two weeks before the date Harris.was due to hang. On a particular night the warder gave hirna suit of civilian clothing, a toy gun and some black shocpolish. The polish was for Harris to daub over his face sothat his skin would not reflect the moonlight as he sneakedout ofhis cell, climbed a rope over the wall and iumped intoa car parked near by which he would use to drive to fleedom.

Convinced he was going to cheat the hangman, HarrtsIrvin bed wearing the suit and waited for the warder to op€nthe door at z a.m.,as arranged. Thd door did open, Bu1instead of the warder it was a smiling H: J. van den Bergbwho walked in and said: 'Come on, John, give me ttrudring you have in your pocket.' Astonishe4 John Harrishanded HJ the toy gun.

The warder had been planted on Harris by HJ rightfrom the start. He had been told to offer an escape plan to,Harris because HJ wanted to capture Harris's other,associates in the underground African Resistance Movement. But Harris's friends on the outside had foiled LIJt,cunning plot (although they may not have realized that &e,escape plan was a set-up) by sending the warder his {rrooopayment anonymously.

In this way, only John Harris knew the identities of hisfriends outside the prison. As he stood in the death cell thatnight, H. J. van den Bergh offered to let Harris escape if heagreed to spy for South African intelligence when hcreached Britain.

But even this was a trick. If Harris had agreed to spy forSouth.{ftica, HJ intenrded asking him to disclqse, a$ trosfof 'good faitr', the names of the people involrrcd 6 trc

hilidSIDElBrbsi.S;',,:,r : if ':

, ;Sdry,Qrols allrrost certainty irwolved.'I think we migtn hnrc",ps,,arr$t in the,nert twenty-four hours. Keep it to yourself

,cud lr'll gwe you first news of the arrest.' ',,r,:'Iv1y tr,eart leapt. I knew Johnny Bradbury. He was aOockney aged thirty-three who had worked for Charles

'Richardson in London. Not only that, Bradbury knew thatRichard Aubrey had borrowed my gun on the night of thekifling. Now I really was in a desperate situ'ation. TheMurder and Robbery Squad section of the South Africanpolice is composed of huges tough. men who rnake rugbyptuyo" look like pansies. Unlike the Security Police they

'don't have to woffy about leaving totture marks on asuspect'$ body. If they think you are Cuiky' out come thenutcrackers. They apply them to your testicles, and there'isno man in the world who can withstand that kind of'painfor more than five seconds. Ifthey grabbed Johnny Brad-,bury, it was definite he would tsll them about Aubreyborrowing my gun on the night of the rnurder.. ,Ihad no.choice. I had to do something at orlcer But I didnot contact the CID. I contacted the most powerful police'man I knew - my spy-master Hendrik van den Bergh. Hewns out of town when I tdephorted his home but tr uacedhim and asked for an urgeot meeting. Tlhensrt day, whenI sat in his office, L poured out my problem' holding nothingback. I was almost in tearc when I mentioned my criminalpast and how I had genuinely tried to start a'new life andgos$aight. He was fatherlY.-

'Donit get upset. Whatever you've got involved in wecan sort out. There's always a wa,y.'

He was surprised and concerned when I mentioned thatThomas Waldeck had been ttre front rratl for a government

ofrcial. Hl, obviously knew the govemm€nt official was a

ioglre, becarme when I mbntioned the man's narne, he-cighsd. , i

'Oh, no. Not again. We've iust got him out of one mess

and now he dsks beingnamd in a mutder case.t .:

r' Xt was only then ttrat I realized I had nothing to lryomyg$qut.,,fiving,to Pretoria my mind had,been full of,self-

l0,," D.g1ENTIOM DIA,RY' ' '

,i,,,

:ili

Dtrihg the 116 days I spent as a r8o-day detainee I ex-periiaried prison cbnditi-ons in three different establish'ile"t".:aU *"te the sarne and were still the same when I lsftSouth Africa in ry79.;:

'Most of the cells are kept spotlessly clerr by Black con-

victs. All offices'and corridors, io prisons and poiice cells

have floors so well polished you can see yorrr face in theq,kept ttrat way b'y squads of Black cleaners who slithgltgundwi'in *i* piec& oi cloth tied to their bare feet. All Blacks

in orison have their hair shaved off, Yul Brynner-fashion.All orison blankets for Blacks are fitthy and they ofteniernained unwashed for years.'The date of issue is usuallystarnDed on each blankei. Some are twenty years oH. Allprisoners, whether Black or White, sleep on thin rope mats.I haa a bed, sheets and a pillow.

The qtrarniry of food gi-ven to White ptisoners is pre-

scribed bythe ifealtn Departrnent and is sufficient to keep a

man fit. buite often, 1g[i,ls ftrisoners who are overweight'on entering iail leave as slimmer and fitter men with'longulife expectations. But the food in iail is mostly overcooked,

repetiiive and depressing, q(cept fol th9 meat, whlch is out-*anAingly good. It is from cattle raised on prison farms and

is mainly served as curry or stew. Prison butter is rancid'potatoQsaf,e third grade and puhy - and the beans are fullof smd, although they are tasty. The once.a-week boiledrfish dish smells high but tastes all right and prisoners !,row1p like it, as they do the iancid butter. Prison coffee isspsb, if you like it black and stong. The nightcap cocoa

is -like

brown mud but hot and sweet. Englishmen hatepri$bn tea but.sonth Africans seem to love it It is calledhooaUoe (Bush Tea) and has a strong sweet herbal taste.

,

trt fu '€b€ap, too*s'li*f frc: dippingp frou*e:qryii'tfo hcdhb;.'incltrting the trpigp, and ib baid to be & tcddr- '' ' r, ,

Ttlhie prlsoaers €ff eveqrthifig trith a''spuif,i;,',8t8#,usually have to use ttreir hands. The food I saw givq toBlacks always looked like oongeded poffidge with e.fi&d .

of thin meat soup poured over it. The prison diet given fiE;t ",Blacks is far inferior in guatity and quantity.to that supplla*l',i - |to Wlitea. Unbelievablg thieWhites nile is offigially approved by the,Health,r;Dflir*b*,:,.ment. The idea is that Blacks do not need the same'srddi$iiiof nutrition as lVhites. It is e strange af,gufierit, partiri$*bl#i':in,viewof,ttre fectdrat Btack conyicts do allthe h€tr;rla6o#i"in jails. I askd a head warder'hbcrt tbis and he told'adet ,

'Ah. You see, Bl'acks don't like the Vhite man's food or hb.cgokingnrcthodsr' - r, ' i,'',:.,'' Vhaterrer thcy sa5 the tnrth is th6t tackg rrc,alwltt.

hungry in iail. The South African gwernment will strooglydeny that and might iust ctaim that things have changsdriince 1966. For thot resson I include an,er(oerpt frffi"tbe'new and revised prison rations gc*lesr l&ictr,crme,,fuill;i"'&rse"in 1972. According to an official annorrnocmoutr made' 'by dre Minimer of South African Prisons on r7March t94d1*White prisoners were to be given 2,352 grams of bread schweek. Blacks were to be given az4 giarrg. * . ,. , : ' "i.

Whites giet 85o grams of meat a wedk. Blacks 435 gra6*,Whitee get 34o grams of fish a week. Blacks r45 grems.

,.Whites get 5oo grams of mealie meal porri*e: Bladrg,fro3o gfems. :' : .: "' ' '

Vhites.get r75 grurls of powdered milk. BtackE nil..,Whites get &uit, p€ailrt buttci osts and dreree. Blsck$

are rrot allonrcd any of thcse items.All racee get an equal amount of pcatoes and beens,White superiority is rigidly observd in iaits. Wher e

Vhite prisoner pa$€s a Black convist the Bhck alwayestcps oqt of his path and pays homage by putting the tipq :-:

of,his fingerg tggether in prayer fashion:with a r*Eixff[$i'obow of his head or a polit€'Crood morning, my boeeio'.^,*

*. Prisog't'rcad ig hmrqmda and veqi, goOd:t . , : i. ; r,' r .t";i i i ,:' :

:i::,1,._J

i:, i;.1"1

l ii:ri;,ifl.tl,'ir;r:ilr

,t,"

i r:rl';',j

,:,:j).f

1j

,'$ocll,pii*otrcr aIuryFE ssmds,tthffi[ioCIl if:a"!ffhrte' vqau&n

wncs alxt\rh€se :s*rr:lnirii'a:nd if, 'thc warder haad* my-r &:,ifgr:to,himr"'the,Blaek' glust sh-o$r':total subcewimce,b;,b&,out both,,hirnds* clrpged togerher; To 'stretch otttlust dne hand is rqerdied:as chowing:total disrespect fot'a-Shr.rc

skin, and a tnurcheon,blow definitely fbllows. There'ts'afiother strange nrlc,.for the Black rnan in prison. A'fter e

,',serdor has spofien to'hid he must walk away backgtards'

tmiw,as',hE does so, For a Black,to,tura his hck oo'aVBrhe malr,is ircrcdible che€k. ' , , ,- :

';:,Mith ftw errceptions the attinrde of Wtita lv€t'd6rs'tolBkek prieoners ii atnocisus. Tihc ctanmonosr-*49.!*tdia iail are 'Black bastar{t"'Yorr,biloody,kaffirl and 'Kwdak*"L'.* Every o4der given to a Black is shouted and ninetirre$ out of ien goes with an accompanyrqg'.shove' quff

1*ffi,thi.ba& of,trn, geek or kkk,r.rp the baekside. I$h-en aItf&*, t$ hit,llko dtir he ahrayo laqghe'with" lgt;never-gi

j,i;:,#i L t* ,r*ffi'White,bod$., F$r gorne stoange reasonn aod. I never dis-:,,sip{pqqred, ifur &e, wmd{ur actually acpect' zuch laughter and,irte:angry if ttre"y do.not get iL

'OsJwarder always swung hie,tnracheon ag&i4st Bls*lcosvic-tsl baaksides when he gave,an order.-'All tke Blac&s

knew this, and some of thenr werc rccnarkatly adroitratekipping to avoid his,'blqffs" I asked him one day why he

did irlBlacks me like ehildretr* man,' he replied. 'They love it

when You PlaY garres.o, Another-warder, a habitual neck-cuffer, sirid llt breaks

the monotonY for thgm.'- 1h;'r."y-hotut thing about prison,life is the rnedicEl

tt".tr"""t ii"* to BlaFks - or tir*fd I say the 14rk of 1t.This. is not the fault, of the Vhite doctors who visit the

ndson every motqinS. Thepare decent and conscientious

ineer.tApd tlere is no doubt,that the South African Prisons''Eepartnrent buys only the bestgnd most e!(qglsive me$i-:eilrm'and drugs,,I know because I spent several days pltttiqghrndreds of iupply dockets into some form of order forther ' * Mcqniry: itrmp; gEt ug therct otr daneq"

DETBNTTOF DTARY. r+5

la4y Wiite warder {n ctrarge of the si*.tiey,:hrt it is fteWhite convicts who are looked after so weflrrlffit&c Blackai

Every rnorning all prlsoners have the O,pqrnlni,y;to_r€port to the sick bay if they feel unwell. They are,Srrptpt'o.,cessed by the warders in their section. A V/hite with arlililheadac*re always gets ro see the doctor. B-ut, as the,drjki&ris,usually kept busy attending to the Whitm, the numbwilisBlack:patiene is deliberately,kepr to a minimuni. A.Bl*&'sutrering paln is meated by a medically unskilledwho doles out headacte pills and rreats rninsf, curs and bhih;rashes. A Black can only be sure of seerng tfe Big..{$l!$ge,Doctor if he is screaming in pain and cannot ger:upr Ttitreis an added aspect to this whictr is hair+aising. If Whltcwarders @rinot see anything wrong with a Blagk, theyiend.to presume he is-shamming to get offwork. The outy'til.6gall races get equitable treatment in jail is when e dis.s"ebreaks out. Then it is action stations for everyonel add,€,**rhaustive precautions are taken in the kitchens.'6L!YE P,tg&;itLltl.(-}l&s ilIE IAI(€II I.Il IIfE Klfcnens. . . .:; ] ,.r rl,lr i.r..,,{:j

Not all White warders are brutal. Thd oldcr.oncsr.tend.ttP,.r'j,;tbe more relaxed. It is the youn& u:reducated.rtmeorr*tg,.l,':ilibeats up Blacks all the time, particulanly if,the Btgckspqa**;, '. t..il.iwell and knowe three languages, as is often the'case. Thcmore educated the Black, the bigger the risk. Ther. is,whry ,. 'nearly all Blacks €tre past-mssters at playing snrpid: . (

On the fourth day of my detention I was moved .to:Johannesburg's Fort Prison. The governor there had beentold by the Prisons Department headquarters in prrtotib

_ :' l

that I mrrst be well treated as I was a State witnerrs. $qe, ' :

that reason I was placed in the sick-bay area. On my rigtrtwas the qrcellent hospital iection for tVtiites which had terrcomfortable beds, toilets and bathrooms. On my,Ieft wss. ,

'The Madhouse', a series of dark cells each containing,onlya rope sleeping mat, two blankets and an ordiqary kitctrenbucket which acted as a toilet. This was the .-hospital,

sestion for Blacks.As a privileged prisoner l was allowed books, penp,.pcffi:

and even my diary. To relieve the boredom of prism.r,oir-tine and the long lonely nights when all prieoners,are loeked r ,

...:||!

. !.,i, i

;ti&fhe, B.lark cenviets, I watched and lisrened,cardully for:lj*&Ur.il1-treatment of Blachs, Occosionally I was unable to,

tliiltdbtai.r the,full. names of certain prisonms because tr couldiii":Oot rttke the:risk of interviewiag Blacks while the \[/hiteil:,;.ufardffi werE in the vicinity. L still have the diary and it

t";,Hff:p.* 8.. "Ff;

a t .i' Ii : j

,ps. throrg& 1o,S *n0.I:k@t e tnetierrls$of e\rcrythiaghappg*ing arpund rne. In keep;

my cover as a liberal iournalist who worked on antbeid newspaper, and also beca$e it endeard me

:rrr-Xryglr(h beyond doubt that Black .rpnvicts are .treatedlrri 8!@pu$try.

' i,,, Ii choosing excerpts from the diary I have ignored dailydetaile which are repetitive.' I wish to mahe it clear thatw.hen compiling the diary lwas careflrlto leveout hundr€d,go.f iocidente of a hearsay nature. I only entered thing$ I had

,'6an m, heard myself, or thoce confirrned to;me by at least.trr&witnesses. Ir is.also irrrporturt to str€cs that I was in aernall section moetly cut off frorn the rest of the prison. God

.&ngw*what hormrs happend in the main area.to Janrlary rfi: I have been moved fron Macshall

$quare po.lice cells to the Fort iail in Hillbrrour- 3,ooopri3oners are held here. The govqrnor shook my haad artdsaid he hoped my stay would be a'happy one'. I learnt twoncw phr-ases used in prison; Pony Expres&rneans theprisongrapw.ine; Donkey Prick is the name given by Btack con-victs.to the truncheons carried by all White warders.

rr January: Discipline is ked by prisoners being pro-motd to groups known as A, B, C and D. The higher yougo up drc scale the more privileges such as lettersn visits andto-bacco. Any rnisbehaviour and you are demoted. I haveiust been,told a convict named Gray broke,bmtr'anklcsesceping over the wall, although,he was, vre"ring'lq ironsb@$e hc had tried a previous €Bcape" He was recapturedthis morning,,,':t14 January: 6 a.m. T.ong and loud scre.ams and thumpingnoisee. We were all kept loeked up uritil l.(J a.m; Carse:Aa s-ld man bad died of a'heart attack'- Race not known:

DB"E!6T&0N D!'ARY . r.4?

16 January: Early morning. Another flurry of activity.Three long-tertn Blacks made a break foi {teedom. Tbo I ,

were caught as they clqmbgred ovs the wall, A otre"hgurr, ,.

period of thuds and scrtarns ,,,, !r,,"r : ',17 Januaqy': Late yesterday or early today Black prisoner

beaten up by Black warders as he lay on the floor screbruis[ii .lr ,r

A senior warder hit and kicked him, claiming he wss diahl# .,, :r

ming. Thrown into cell and left. Found dead this mornipg.,Body placed in cell next to mine. This death may be rdd .

to escape bid on 16 January? ':ri:ri;r:r,,,

t8toz7 January: I spent each day at Hospital Hill Foli@', ,,

Station typing a roo-page statement for the CID on thEBradbtrryfffaldeck case. The statement was abobt my pa$t

l

and how I met Richard Aubrey, the Richardsonsand |ohnny .,Bradbgry. :

28,|anuary: Captain Piet van den Heever and SergeantPat du Toit drove me to Pretoria to see H. J. van den Berghi ,.

He told them I \il.!s one of his agents and,they should,look:,r'rafter me. HJ said he had arranged for Bram Fischer to vlsitr. ijthe sick-bay area for a blood-pressure check late 'in th*,,evening. I qm to quiz him, if poseible. At 8 p,m. I siq ttr:thg ,

sick bay playing draughts with warder Du Flessis :ae

arranged by my handler Jack Kemp. Governor calls ourDu Plessis as Bram Fischer arrives. Bram completes thedraughts game as yre talk. Bram gives me a dog-eared EdgafWallace book which he says he has read five times. I giveBram the book Witnest by Whittaker" Chambers. I try topump Bram. Get nothing. He says he e>rpects to get lifeimprisonment. I ask hirn how he can be so casual about ieHe says: 'Every ounce of me believes in what I have done;They can keep me between four walls but they cant cagemy mind. I can live with myself so I foresee no menral r

problems about staying in jail.' I thought he was stark ravingmad.

z9 January: Meet Bram again in the sic* bay 7 p.m. gqis still in solitary. Tells me how he and his wifeo Mollgr,adopted a Black infant years earlier and brcught her rrp on

d'krms with his childlen- Gave her an orcellent edncr'but,wag ratlsr d-isappoirted:when she took off in h€raad married a Black tCIri driver in Pretoria-

fli;' i..gerlanqary: Meet Bram again in the sick bay. \Ve talk;.ilr fu1td-n'aninut€s and warder listens. Bram gives me another

f1,,, 1 :;${gar W,allace book. I do nol know how he managed to get

E"r: fmuary: f snrpidly, tell warder Greyling that Brsnl:*:; :geve *: th: secdnd-Bdgar Wallace Pl. {::rto tlft'."*

me saying he will give it to the Security Police as it.may: ontarn some secret code made by pinprick holes onertein

,;:.' pages!,g. February: Black conlict Michael Matthews' aged

trventy-six, came into madhouse" section' He is from 695Ztilu Sec*ion, Morocco, Soweto. [Later address-2517 Rock:rd$qrSciw-eto.l IIis i*w was broken,when police beat hirrr in

, ,'bydenburg.:4 February: Captain Piet van den Heever took me out of

the prison with sergeant Pat du Toit and we went to myflat for tea. Vhile there I paid the caretaker, Mr Voigt, thercnt for my flat. Piet cashed a cheque so that L corrld b*y a

radio to use secretly in my cell. Sergeant du Toit drovemeto Magidsons Electrical store in Hillbrow where he watchedmti selec-t a tiny transistor radio, batteries and a long erten-sion cord with a plastic earpiece' The owner of the shop':'Bernard Magidson, said, in front of Sergeant du Toit:

, i*Iow come you're {lowed to buy a radio? I've read in theoeiwspapers ih"t yod'r" doing r8o days.' Sergeant du Toitreplied'I'm going to stand outside. So I didn't see him buyany radio.'

5 February: Black convict named Isaac Nkosi' agedr thirry-three,

-of t7o Mali Street, Mofolo North, Soweto,

'Ee*ing twenry-month seritence; Pla€d in madhouse today.,Suffering fever. \trfarders will not go near him. Packet of,@in-kiiling pills thrown through his cell door by warder.[++ft'there all day and night. Just: lay and moaned. [He

.',scayed like'that,until rz February and was then moved.' Nothing further known.] Another Black convict' name not

DETB}iFTI'{}N:.EI,ANY .

knoqm, has begl ib,'hadhouse on bread nndr;ymer prmi*imenft for eightda;n I srnuggled liver sandviph:asd tOm*tbto him:

6 February: Disovered todey that Black eonvicfir. .aas Edwin, .aged,ninet€en, .has been kept in madllauw-of$Ftwo weeks in total solitary. A,iunior white warder,L&mout at 7.a.m. today to run dnd empty his bucket;:'"$9.,.

slouched bqck to cell the warder grabbed him by the'$1ffiI|,,:i1;;punched him twice on the left side of his face and once,t4#i.:l,,ttre ribcage on the right. Edwin's face registered noemofiffi,;,i#He iust stood there looking vacant as he was beatfi€i ,,,The warder tells me he is 'a bit mad'. His surname is Roog1 ,.',:,i:1.1r.

dnna; His mother is Susan. She lives at 56r lftagppg., ",i:'Township,Potc\efstroom ; :r:'

7 February: Black convict Jimmy Maseko thrown inmadlrouse section eady today as a ltroublemaker'. Sent for

" i.,psychiatric obseivation later in day. 'He's mad,' says th& ll,warder.

io F.o*""y :''Pnsonef, Gray w.ho broke both enkl€s ttylm , ,, tiiito,escspe on rr January, escaped again today'rpith:hl|i,',,,,1:.ilankles in plaster and using crutches. Escape zuccessfuL ft& j iilwas recaptured on z8 February, escaped again on t5 Marehand was caught again on r7 March. It was his sixteenttrsuccessful escape.]

rr February: About 9oo Blacks arrested in police swgopson Pass Book ofi'enders in lohannesburg.* Rumbliog,gftrucks and bangiag of cell doors kept me awake until:3,&.rD;

r3 Febmary: Helped warder Du Plessis do his papglvork in sick balr today. Sat and watched as trvelve Whi1trand five Blacks queued up to havetheir temperatures takeq.They were in separate queues. Thermometer used foq the

* By law all Blacks in South Africa over tlre age of sixteen rhucte"ry "

P"r. Book. Failure to produce it on demand is a eriminaloffence, and an average of 75o people are arrested every day for nqt,

doine so. Also known as Reference Book, it contains weekly signaturgsr '

by employers, a photograph of the owner." tax receipts and all oficilBl '

endorsements for residential and wort pirmits in speqified iqeb$ttr.u.rav restricts movement and choice of occltpstion:' B1och*'lcrlt',tt

thi Dompass (dom means stuPid).

tT

r4*-

i#

1

r,,ffi i'i,lpai'br, s o$$

"'i '6* was in a'small,bottle containing cleamy-u*titc

I'l'{ieuiA. The one used for the Blacks was kept in a snlall

. 'Urow" iar marked-'For Bantu'. I asked Du Plessisw'hy, He; . - .*pt*""d: 'We have to use a stronger disinfectant for,'- .gla.kr. Their germs are stronger than ours.'

iiii,' ',.Jq

^{*Tg:1,*:^1.LYt t$;P::u.*:"f mv handsj sfter the cat had iumped on it. I kicked the cat.

l: ' 16 February: Black-convict Sydney Buthelezi, aged.' "' twenty-seven,

-kno*n by nickname tJames Bond', suffered

,:. " a fit today at 6 p.m. Other Bla*s raised alarm by banging

,, m doors and shouting. A Vhite warder got up from hisd€sk| * t*=ttW *i"",es laterind threw a bucket Of coJd rryatet over

him o tt" t*y writhing on the floor. Witnesged $ prisoners

fur.mutder.,17 February: Talked to 'fames Bondl Buthelezi..Hewas

,sentenc€d to a irine- to fifteen-yeaps€ntence onzglrolry65.His home address is r35o Dube Village, Soweto. He has a

'tanoo on*ris left arm and a police bullet wound scar in hisileft armpit. Says he will return to crime when he'gets out,ashe has no other Profession. \

zo February: 'James Bond' taken away from madhouse

section.- - ii f**."y :' James Bond rreturned to madhouse covered

in cuts anA fruiies. IIe had been whipped in mistake for

il:'.' Ali,'Latib ? Osman and Charles 'Pa'-: ' Benjarnin' who is in

another Drisoner named SYdneY.

z4 February: HJ wants me to quiz Johnny Bradbury' It,tvas:arranged-I speak to him 'accidentally'. Bradbury tells

mE'that trE is surL a prisoner named Hern< Smith has been

pf"*a in his cell to spy-on.him, Bra{bqf claims he caughi-Smith

going through all hb private letters'az Februarv: ?.?o p.m. A Vhite wa der gnpped the shirt

of dloured *"ii& Gitbert'Cheeta' Bouwer, whirled him,asainst the wall, punching and cuffing him' His ooffence'?

fi. n"a told 'James Bond'Buthelezi that a relative had been

waiting to g"i a visit with him since rr a'm' Buthelezi never

g"tG oit?i iit'relative was told he had been moved to''snother Prison.

DBTENT'IO}I DIAAY . I5r---:------ :z8 February: Taken to Pretoria again to soe tI'. J. van ddn

Bergh. He tells me my problem has been i,&lved. fohnqy,Bralbury has made aiu'llconfession and I will'only.-app$mas a witness ln the case in the event that he rnight de$i,theconfession. On returning to the Fort Jail I was tippc*a'#that White warder Danny Coetzee stole meat, anr {ipq-$q, iand a cream cake from a food parcel sent in to me b1i,a)friend. The theft was witnessed by James Patrick Hartibp,' ,

Cotoured convict working on the fpsnt,gate. Harris is'kb6,itM1

as ''fopeye'. He was born on zzlttlrg34 and is serrrin$.affve- to eight-year sentence for involvement in the shoodryof an alleged, gang leader, Sherrif Khan.,flarris tells mc-ttrhas a.steel brace in his back because his spine was seriouslydamaged by a warder who' deliberately slammed an irongate againsi him. Prisons authorities refused to let'Hafrislpy a charge of assault against the warder. [The warder waslaier jailed along with four other'warders for kicking aBlack prisoner to death in Leeuwkop Jail in Depembbt,'r9n.l

4 March: Warder'Dupe'du Flessis says I seem a debeefi'chap. Would I keep my eyes on the Blacks and,let hklrknow if they are doing anything wrong? 'You be ,'the

stock-keeperr' he said.6 March: 'Cheeta' Bouwer punched in face by, a \[.hite

warder and hit across face repeatedly with rolled-up news-paper. t$(litness Fritz Hesse.- -8

March: Prisoner takes overdose. Stomach purnp ucedto save him.

9 March: Same prisoner takes another overdose. Saved

again. I think his name is Levy.15 March: A White warder stabs lighted cigarette into

face of a Black wearing a brace in his mouth who insisted hewas entitled to pain-killing tablets.

18 March: Coloured prisoner Charles 'Puni' Beniar,nintells me a Black was kicked repeatedly in stomach by oahefconvicts on Christmas Eve. He complained to wur'denv:howas sick. A warder Stephens gave him water and left hfsn-

alone all night. Found dead next morning. Cause ofdeath:'

i. , .jrrir m*ch: Black:cqnvict Andrery Morake, aged twenty-i:' ;

rr i:.,.,gqi6.i&f,dl: Blackrtrustee convjcr lalls* and iniures himsdf'i., bnfly,,,*ci ury. r$(lell treated by Varder Botha in the sick

bt$r;:'

,'' ' **#, prison number 4o8sl64 from Vereeniging district.. SFpg fifteen years.:Thrown in madhouse 16 Mqrch witb, 1.':fterv{ly bandaged anklei Had slashed his artery with razor

fi1l.$rspt to bleed to death' Varders say he.is a loafer whoi{Sditto get offheavy work duty at Ieuw}op }ail. Morake.tgldrme that they left him b the ell for several days withe6ly,a plate of beans, one-blanket and a sleeping mat. Hasatattag over his right breast. Thin scar over.right eye. L.aterin,the day two.rlfhite warders take a l,ong, blswn, realisticrg&bcr,ienake ;isto Morqke's :cell He'b terrified:of soakesma scramUtcs round the cell, screarning.

by ld<nomn, lxirodef '; Wsr&rr Du, Plessis cql-

,.'::i'g*,ldarchi Ar.g.4o &m. a:White warder bmrrght anotheri,:fu:rryatch Morake back away in ftar from the rubber snake.;*[orake deliberately banFd his head on the cell dosr re-peatedly to knock himself,unconscious. This was witnessedby Indian prisoner Ali 'Latib' Osftin and Black convictElias Moloi, aged sixteen, prison number rjgr5l6j, hwead-dress:g31 Tladi Tou'nship, Moroka, Sowefo. Ivloloi wearsa;ailler ring in his left ear, has a circular mole on,his right

'cfusek, scar under his left eye near the nose aad the name.lBbe';tattooed on his inside left arm. His unrbilical cordsticks oul very prominently and he has a scar on tbe cmfteof his left shin.

z4 March: A White warder barks like hyena outsideMorake's cell door. Uses rubber snake again. Now abo hasI gr€ry plastic lizard with white spots- on it. Uses ,this tofrtsh-{€n Morake on three oocasions during the day. All

-inqidpnts witnessed by Puni B€oiamin and Ali-'Latib'.,$mrarr. Ali Osman has a shop in the Indian township ofI*ngsia snd is well known there.':'j,,'5 March: At 4 p.m. a warder arrives with Black witchdffinr to &ighten Morake with stories thatmorister anakes

are coming to eat him tonight after dark. Morake scr@medand'cowered in the corner of his cetl..Ali,Osman qnd'Vilfred Sentso witnessed this. Sentso is a tehcher whcefarrldy lives at 75 Joan Street, Newclare, Johannesbqrg. At4.2o p.m. the warder shouts through door to,-VldterLebanese prisoner Bolus: 'You will stay here for,,,otrniiiNever go o1rt.' Bolus is an old sick man. At +.gS trr,.hg*},warders whispering outside my cell. One said-to the otlw:'Tell him he's got bail.' The first opens door of Bolus's ftttbut says nothing. The second shouts the bail message.'Eo,{ -shouts something rude, Disappointed, the wardersto Morake's cell to aggravate him. Morake screams.

r April: One of the worst warders transferred from FortJail until October.

5 April: Black convict Elliot Simelane (walks on crutches)l ,

placed in madhouse. Kept in solitary and never let out -sot 'even to empty his bucket. The cell can be smelled ten fee[',away. The only time his door is opened is when a pfaqe of..

,

food is pushed in. [He stayed like that until his release rul'',"., r

IS *p.til I yat tota he had been given this punistrment I

for fighting.lrr April: Coins worth {r stolen from my cell while I was

out. Only warders have keys.r8 April: I was helping'Dupe' du Plessis with his paper

work in the sick bay when five armed warders brought infourteen Blacks with serious head injuries. They had beeninvolved in a fight with other prisoners and several Blackwarders had been sent in to quell them with baton blowsacross their heads. All fourteen had long, deep gashes acrosstheir skulls. They lined up in two queues. A White warderstanding on a chair and a Black prisoner narted BensonSeleka (home address rrr5 Naledi, Soweto), standing on astool, stitched up all.the wounds. [The fourteen men werenot given any pain:killers or anaesthetic. Their bravery was:mind-boggling. Not one uttered a sound as the curvedstitching needle was repeatedly dug into their heads.J

zr April: At 9.4o a.m. I saw a White warder grab $ydiley'James Bond? Buthelezi in a neck lock and bang his head*

;:Cbief,I$-arfu,Botttd rralkd roqad the ff!ffit&is.rHe.was $o aogry b€ thresteoed to bedt ths

tp himsclf. :

ir;r,ri$5oap*:,Maior W,olmerarc visited rle to.my I will beilifiiffiring as a witness in the Bradbury trial tohrorrow.

t,;:Sffrdonarans is:a deoent officer and well liked.,"iir':,;','.,.;,6 April: I,givc evidence at Bradbury uial It was rrot

feqlly,naeded. He confirmed his confessiqn'...'r,2g:April: Takerr to see H. J. van den Bergh agein in,,lBretoria, He is pleased with trial and has new plans fo"r myi,filmre. At g,45 p,rn" Johnny Bradbury slashes his wristswhh a razor blade in a suicide attempt" Warder Botha wasvery'sympathetic and treated his wounds in the sick bay.

z May: Bradbury found guilty. Sentenced to dearh. 'I

astreleased at 4 p:rn. Interviewed by the press. I tell them

trri.Eqn@aditions arc.:very good. This wss headlined"by tbe'''*,fr-ikaarn press.* The Rod Daily Mail dtdnot believe me.

* Di6 Transtaler,3 May 1966.

- .1":: '

IT . DEPORTATION{lnfrfiatirrtal!4t' iJ t ll!

'I think it's tirne we deportcd you,' said.H. J. vana few days ifter trry release. I wwastounded.

with;A;f"* "rp"uuatv

* yot can go and infiltrggW,,,li1ii*"*io in London. Ttle rpaHect case has given"nci'd'l r';ili;'r

',#trooT ffi;; *o*. .rtit cover for rd 4''u*+itr;,ii1;1

HJ added. 'And whetr you're tiled of it ovcr ttrerer -'ou @,;'r1 it

deportee from South Africa,'the leftise in Lodon tritti : ,,';

accept yOu wi*r oPen arms.t '' . ';I did not reply irrmrediate$,;Yo" o" ttavi an inseasetin salary'and etftra €!r['etr!sr' .]:;i

always come back.' - -;-;- ,,-.,i:ft

" ntrt ttring to flash through my mind was, o*t* if $,..i

dies while ltm 6'rer there? IU'b€ Stuck. tr'll nerrer 'be ab& ,

to eet back. I put this to him. :

'bon't worry. John Vorster will know about our privr$e

agteementr' he said.--i{""tiriog that I'was stitrl uneasyo HJ chuckled *^d ott$

in General*J. M. Keevy, the Commissioner of Police' who

occupied the office next door.idordon's going over to London to work for us undee :&b

gurse1tr.ise ofbein! a deporteer'he explained to the general' ,;,iG;"ll"A you'in because he wantg a-wiuiess to +"

fact that I\e promised he can come back whenever'he

General Keevy beamed with delight. He slapped m€ on

the back so hard that I nearly fell over.

'Good luck, my boy. Good luck,'was all he said' ,t '.''HJ said tni aeportation papers would take about th*qf

*""iir i" proces, thtough fhe oepartmgnt 9f thg Inq@,1;; [" *gg;tted I spend-that timaworking for tlre'f'anisus

Bllu.t *l!ari* Drun and its sister papr Posr Thisirhe

iinertlr would help'ine,to garn even'better qqn-lacts amoa$$Blacks bdore l left. : ,

':ii1:. .;11t,:,,a

'*'Wotkihg 6n b'uft, and:Posl was a fabulous Bt(peficnce,S&rltes in-South Africa are often touchy about publicity,

,and,getting intemiews with ttem often calls for great skill,cuth-and iven brashness. Not so with ttre Blacks. If you.I*tn

" press card saying you are frsm Dnmt, they pull you

,,iriblde tleit hsmes and rush to put the \ettle on. The Black,aths are phenomenal places foi gathering news stories. InSoweto aione there are between ten and fifteen murders

I iqrery. w6ekend, quite apart from all the ' sepret :politicelaoiiitl'gol"g on. i enioyed,the work so much that I fourdmyself willingly working a sixteen'horu day.

The editoi in chief of DrM and Posr was Scots-borg

'C,ecil Eprile, a hrilliant neurspqpermabwho manfully coped

wlth a gonounced'sfiutter. He appreciated my hard workm *och ihat he offered me the position of chief reporter on

Posr ln Cape Town with a much higher salary. I asked

It. I. van den Bergh for permission to take this iob and he,,tigteed. He had sorne special assignments for me.to carXy

dt i" Cape Town. Buion a6 Aulust, iust as I w'as aboutto uavel down to Cape Town, the Department of the

Interior slapped the deportation order on me.'H. f. van den.Bergh gave tne permission to ignore it!. , Clpi Torrn is a place of great sc9ni9 Eu,toy' with lush

'veg"tatiott and superb beaches svsllooked by the famousritte Mountain. Life is more relaxed there; the hustle and

bustle of commercially-minded iohannesburg is nearly

rlooo miles away. Working for Posr was made more enioy-'a6t" Uy the Coloured people ryh9 livef i" ^Cup9 Tgy"'There are nearly three million Coloureds in South Africa,and,the,Cape Coloureds have a ulique vitality and

"lnT*.Th-ey also havea sharp sense of hutnour-and are quick totell you how they, and not the South African goYe-rn1ent:

, rr" itt" 'real basiards' in South Africa. It is a sophisticated

ioke-.,"The goverrment justifies Vhite rule by saying.SouthAfrica rlghtly belongs to Vhites because nobody lived in

Dsaq*&i[:rr, N:' t$7r

the country penn nefitly before Jan van'Ri&qeck qid hioboatload"of Dutctnnen landed at the Cape os'6,April r65a ,rr"lr,:lto fomr the !first eivilized settlementl. Acsoridiltgrto f$g .';rr'';

Ssuth Aftican goverffnent's propaganda machinpr tklonlyp.eople in $outh A,&ica when Jaq van Riebeeck arrived wcrpnomadic Black tribeg. This is arrant nons€nse but'yotr @[ .1find it published in most history,td:rtbboks used in 8dt#h ' jAfric-an schools. 'The truth is that archaeologists of wqtrfl .,i

repute have, by using carbon-dating techniques, l*l'conclusively that as far back as the fifth cemury.,:R&d$,,',,,ipopulations in South A&ica had established ther,nselveErH-,lar,ge vilages containing houses with plastered walls,'giltfloors. Their technslogy-included the smelting and smtthingof iron and copper, Hardly nsmadic people! , ,,:. 1: ,

The South,Afiican govemmeritls explanation for ,thcexistence of the Coloured people is that they'interbred:withother races and peoples' without actudty saying whictr'other race*s', And that is exactly where the Colourede s@when they call thernselves the 'real bastards', They poim,,out that.the{e was a scarcity of women when Jan f':m,&ig:.,,beeck arrived at the Cape, so somq of,his,\Fhite,setd€rsfraternized with the prettiest of the enslaved Black girlsfound there. Exactly nine months latu the Coloured'ra*ewas born. They do not like that clever joke in Pretoriabecause it elearly suggests that the Coloured people inSouth Af,rica today are the only people indigenous'to,fhscountry.

My spy handler in Cape Town was a handsome youngAfrikaner codenamed 'Abe'. I liked him, but he was,,sosecurity-conscious he refused to give me his zurname. Hewas badly rattled one day when I took a photograph:ofJohn Vorster standing with other cabinet mernbers on thesteps of parliament. In amongst them, standing out like asore thurnb, was 'Abe'. As a joke I asked John Vorster whothe good-looking young man behind him was.

'That's Conradie, one of my bodyguards,'he said.'That's interestingr' I whispered back to Vorster.

also happens to be my handler.'rlle

r1., .' :':.:,: i,i"ll

';.il:'. :'.,ilr,!

:' :i;7...t,ji.\.

'.:iil

r .fS{SIDt:''8{I$s

'. Abe rever focgare me for dratq/ithin five days of my trr-ival in C.spe Tmn, ttre Eor*h

' r Affcan Prine Minister, Dr tlendrik Verwoerd,.was stabbed'rt&'d@h in perliamerm.. Tlre ssassin \ilas a padiamentary.;mg$S@gef ntmed Diisitri Tsafendas. He was found insaneri*nd,eur*nitted.for life, and rny most valuable contact in:::gpYefnrrsrt, Mr Balthmr, John Vorste4, *'ss appointed,,:kcrni€r. It was a red-.letter day for me and I cetebrated it by,rfgikipg fur &loured ioumalists out for dinner.';:;..oltt'l4' October 1966 the deportation order,was firally

..ittrtd and I uras placed in iail pegding erputsion- Front-'irye,,publicity was given to this and ft fras officidly an-nound I would be deported in a rnatter of days.* But twodays later my handler, Abe; rushd into my ell sayirxg I wasbrcitts released as,'&ere trad.bden.c srlddenrfug6 in plan* FI.'J, van:del;l Bsgh- wanted to see me in;lftetsria before I unas depor,ted. This guv.e dre bueaucraticpolice in C,ape Town a peach of a pmblem but they quickty

':solved'it"by gr.vmg me an ofhcial lemer, typed on htxrdedpolice- notepaper, explaimng that the Commissioner ofhlle had granted mi an exension of stay so.thet I mutdosetth my aftirs in Johannesburg srd.Fre.toria' beforebeing deported. It sounded good but in that safire len€r thercat r€ason for,the entension was also spelld out: on my'sriiv:tl in Johannesburg I was to srange an interview withno,n€ o(h€f, &an thc head of South African Intelligence,H. J. van den Bergh.. .f dmve up to Johannesburg, where tlrere vras )€t rnore

,confusion" A senior police officer saw me drive past hirnand immediately presumed I was on the run. He told agroup of pressmen as much at a polie nerirn conference, andwithin two hotrrs Johannesburg newspapers were runningstories headlined 'Pclice Net Out For tournalist' .and

"'SPotie Seek Gordon:Winter'.f I coyered up for the snrpid:'gfficer by pretending I had forgoaen to report to the poiicer@ mI arrival rn lohannesburg. This was a lie. I had in faa

* Qeipe Times and Ranl Daily Mail,3i Qctober 1966.

f Johannesburg .9rar ard Die Transoaler, rz November 1965.

sidrcd dre book oo the desk at JohannesbtuEig Marshdl'Sir*" p.li* station and any iournalist botbe*ingtcchd*6Ua *"ily h"u" found that"out' But nobodyrdid - .

When I saw H. I- van deo Bergh in Pretoria tr t$A'ge*hyG had needed:to see me urgently' C-ecil.Bpdle, l't&

Jior of Ortmt qd Posr, was leaving South Africa tq-.-tg,tup a nely iob in London

'Hets"go' to run a $et'up known as ForumFeatures

"whiJtr witt service newspapers all over the

*i.tt "**"

features. But I cao teltyou the whole thing iS q'

cIA ftom" ':::'i'.ti'::'''i'- f"o*i"g that I was extremelyfrieadlv *1* 9tr*89"q ,

HJ told mJ I should ty to work for: Fontm World Feafure+

* t*t* rtar"i*d tironaon. He gave me 9nF mare in'r*r*i"", 'Keep ,yout €ars open for'anY gossip;abqut' top:

;;i; h Britisir pouti"t who are homos*uau or rlar'r'id'itta'tru"i"g affairs on the side.'

As I talked to IL J. ; den Bergh in his office thst d*tfi . .

he compfimented mJ on a 'good giece.of wgr!' I had:don&'''"

6;is6veri"g a chinese smuggting ring'::I'did 3ot re$,1

al"."r" the oJmpfiment. Some time earlier tr had gone for:

ai"io-"iG Chon Hing, a popular Chinese restalrranr'in

i"tt*ooU,rts. Trylng tog€t into conversation with a ;yo-ung'

il-"i* ""*.i go Ctt." fat, I had discovered heoould ryt'

,p.ut **ota of English. This was odd, because Qhinese ap

"i"i?il*"d to. t"tlL in South Africa; a[ the Chinese fur-do"rf,

efti"" were born there and all speak English flirently- '

it-wau tt "t"f"re

clear that Mr Ho Chee Kai was an illegat

immierant. I had tackled Mrs Yvonne Tam' the owner ot

*,"-tF"***t, and she confessd that Ho Chee Kai-wql;;; ;iih;*ands of refugees who had fled to Hong Kongi

from Communist China.-- ittJ"a explained that a highly organized criminal gang

,*tt ua"""a*g" of these rcfugees by promising thema^new

life in varioG parts of the world including South Alri@ .

iilil*; a'form orsrau.ry- The gang sold--th" refugwto' -Chinese restaufirnt owners for {5oo each' In returp'fbe;ri;;;t;worked without pay for'ilree or four years' After

rii{,.:li:.:tji'l'tr1i. ili:il iii!.: r.ll':it r'',rl.il,ffi:

r1

' working in this ri'ay to pay of their debt they,rlvere. siventhe option of continuing to work at half the,-normal w13fpria io legat eurployees. Speaking to Mr Ho Chee Kailhrougrt

"ti i"tetdt"tur, I asked him-if he was happy with

this afoangernent. He said he was delighled.

, 'Mrs f"* girno me a roof over my head and regutrar

, meals which ie impossible for people like me to. find inoverctowded Hong Kong. And in three years I'l1get awage

es well.'I had seen this as a terrific news story, bu1 H'-L' v*t 9"1

B*;gh saw it from a completely-ditrer-9n1angle' When LhadmJ.jtionea to him that Mr HoChee Kai was a refugee from

Communist China he had blown his toir'-;wi *"tt stop this kind of thing at once,'he had said'nlf this is such i ftightv organiz'ed lack$, Ylu cag!: t*:A. il"a Ct inese knJw ito"t it and that they have infiltratedsome of their top spies to come to South Africa under this

*inJui"o""t. tf ttrey're caught they confess to being illegal

,immigrants who came as slaves.tI' -can't tnount a big investigation into all these illegal

Chinese immigrants beiause Ho Cheel(ai and-his employer'

Mrs Tam, wiIl realize you tipped off the police' To cover

v"" frij,it, have Ho ittee r<x arrested' If he's a genuine

i"f"g* from Communist China Io11fix it that he doesn't

g"t E"portta. Thqn you can irnmediately write a big story

IUout tris case. I'il use'that story as my excuse to mount a' bis clean-out of all the other Chinese illegals"--Th;i;;s

exactly what had happened'-HJ had arranged: for Ho Chee Kai tb b" utr"tt"d'by accident' * hg yalked

in ttre street near the Chon Hing restaurant on 18 August

ige3; e pofice officer had walkid up to- him and started

;fitki"g;" him in English. Wheo q9o{ Ho Chee Kai was

ifotUt" io *s*"r, thi polige1an had arregte{ lq otrsuspicion. He was anhonest little chap and he had adrnitted

;;*thi"- when he was questioned at the police -station6fi;h; interpreter. onio August Mr Ho Chee Kai had

' npp-.r"i"a in an out-of-the-way courtroom and a magistrate

: '.fu ' t*$.I,DE;soE8; -

oarliantent was told thet an unidentified man had died at

ffiffiitrqg€;'.i-;;f an "ndisclosed

cause at an und'is'

c!opd@'#Ihee.'"-t'ihd; deaths came as a terrible shock to the South

*ftb" govemment. The last thing it wanted was a \ffave

, Fo*et iuicides in iail, so the police interrogators were told

' lO o** the rernaining Chinese d€tainees.with ve-lve1 glovee

-,::l;&A giu" ther,rr lu:rury_foods, radios, playing cards and even

1,..'','l r€liiriese books to read.,'i ' -l,H,

I..van den Bergh was thus unabfe to mount a rnassiveI ,l ed

-Chinese'r showpiece trial as he had hoped' The

6i*tu detainees were slowly and'guietly released' MrBennv Low, a respected membel of'the Chinese com-

;;i.]" was iailed for three y-erys i" April rg6z after being

h-"u"a d"ritw on charges of helping sevenren chinese enter

- l#ttiitica illqaltl'. Some State "q"i+ were involved in

' *ffiJim:usgling

r;cket, br.rt H. J' van den Berghman4ged to

keeo that-out ofthe Press'- -i-n"a aheady lefl South Africa when Benny Lb'w was

iali"a.b" rz Dlcember'r956 a police escort had lPed m3 to

itt"-C"p" Town docks and placed. me on board the Cqpe

io*i C^tttliner. My fare to Britain was paid by the South

African government, which, although I was a d'eportee'

6-r[oA ofi.not a singie cabin on an upper deck that had the

uaJ"J i*"w of belng an outgl cabin' I was also allowed

io ltf." a littie present on the liner - a,btand-new Datsun

'Bluebird'motor car, registered inrny name'-i;;;tJ;J"**v frJm cape Toyl Harbour' a news

oroeramme was broadcast over the ship's public radio

;;#;. It was the South African Broadcasting Corpora-

.io";t i"""tttime news bulletin and the lead itun was that

GOtaott Vinter, a British iournalist, had been deported on

* Copt Town Castle. As I was getting my passport from

th;;ft;t;soffice, a prissy linl-e old woman bustled up anil

proti*""=a in a itrriit voice: 'I'm in the ne:rt cabin to that

6"mmu"ist fellow Winter and I insist on being moved at

once.?: That's South Africa!

'Part'Two

l2 A BAD START

Vhen the Cape Tovsn Castle drewup alongside the quay.4Nt':l

Southamoton on the ;;t"td of zs oecemoer I was iisl'i'"iililiiiiii*1"ft uv t'"r"" dozen reporters' Thev gave

*" "

ii#a time for fiiie"lt minutes by-asking s9me vfyabrasive quesdons, but the stories which appeared next-qay

;;T;:i;;D;ttv Tetesrary-h published-a picture of rrc

""i"vG *v nrst arp of briiistr-tea and the Eally Shctch

;#il; it ip "*trv

bv quoting me -as

s-avine'r have not

the slightest idea why South Africa chucked me out' rt's a

mysterY.' :

trt was also a mystery to the British-immigration officfql

who auizzed me in thelounge of the ship'*'{ H;;;;;#;; ;;"s*e wim.esi t" -AYIT **nrtlitais i"tav !,'rounds fot deponationl,so wfY did-thef :'

really exPel You?' he asked.

I was verY careful not to

me to *ork with You over here"

tell a lie which migtrt latet

truth.'- di*rirr*, he wrote it down in a book and said I could go'

r.il^;i;?i n" tt"att" suizzed'me turther': 'Afd;t-car had been offioaded l"+ *" liner I drove

* i""a#*J s"ttr"i*;tt u;*"tt flat in Earls Coqrt' 06

f?H*i"Isfi *m*r;;trJ*ffii;:;ffinirl"i-s"tt""*"n,'*ho posea-as a Fitst Secretary but wp inil ;d head of souitr arrlca's intelligence network in

;;i"ii;. silils in his fourth-floor gffice I gave ttry qtSouth African press .",a tayit'g'Ht I' 1* q* B,"Igh,^t::f

reliound on me.--;TG aupon"a rne for political reasons' and tha't's the

uvu*r ru've - rt"" f ariivea in London' r've bQ€gi

me to feport to you w;ilfurffi;Jd I'rom sguth.Africa because HJ IltE

,rillt:iil,.,'1.,;t

1l.,riii

iiii:

ffift]'' me polrtelv" yet his manner was cool. :

f:' riuts6uttot gooa. n tt I hopeyou won't mind if I checkil , .: vse:ctrt with Pretoria before we continue this conversatioa'', .,* 1-fiittpa mv Sotith African press card, saying he would{,.dr., giia it to Pretoria, through the diplomatic bag, as proof of

|;' '. pi6o €.sii4b,dapper fellonr, shook nry hand ag.ld welqqffi

$ .''

:. $y idCntity. As I left his office, Piet said he would telephonei, , :.sie in nvo weeks'time.

': _ . ,. l C.gfO ETARA; j1spr..,

some wsy you're ohviomly seffin-g-Tf uq&r a story. IsuDoose vou trav* *. calrrerernaq 'fuAaetl aH'{ry',&ri :'ma{:

;"kt"s pi"tuto of no,together. But you rron-t',thfrh'dp '

aoinj "nytfr-g

utrong,so'that you can rnrrite'rxfcic'$gf3rr

esnUirrassingmygovemmenr.' -'; i.';;it:-lisuddenf realled why he was wearing sunglasseswl&

a scarf .oppeA hatf round his &ae. He *wanted to be nn;;;"s#bGli"..a*" iEA fif 3. rhoiocrarher rfqgtd';

"*"il.rtr" *-a. I ouldn't help it, I ir'rstburst out laugt*q :,

ilw[ ttt" *ott, thing I could have done; He stomped amalr

stroutinf'Don't ever cosle near me'again or I'U d fu ,

police . . r''-i **ff..a to the N(impy bar acrms the road for a ctip 'd

", ,. ,f porrt ever ring me,' he warned. 'British Intelligence taB

err Embassy phones, so.I must ringyou, and I'll do it frops Dubtic call box.'. Rr f waked out of the Embassy I congratulated myself

iou no* being in the 'brg time'. Two weeks later Fiet didnot ohone. One month later he still hadn:t- Six weeks laterit oicurred to me that Piet Schoeman could have mislaidmy telephone number. So I went to the recsptio4 desk at

:{hi,Embassy.and applied,t9 see hirn. Minutes later Pietl schoeman came bustling out of the lift wearing h heavy

, ,shogkud orr*t*at, trilby hat pulled down over hisfrtetread,,'g;pair of dark glasses, and a tlrick l3Tl.*tapp"A rosnd hisneck so that it covered his mouth. Walking to the receptiond.esk he nudged me, whispering 'Follow me', and squrriedoff out into ihe street. I thought this was taking security a

bit too seriously, but I followed ar-rd saw him vanish roundthe corner into the Strand. As I turned the corner I altnost

bqrnped into him. He was standing with a ferocious glare

on his face.

'.What's your dirty liale game? What are you up to?'hedemanded. Surprised, I asked him what he was talking about'He pulled my South African press card out of his overcoatpocket and shoved it at me.

'That's what'I'm talking about. I sent it to Pretoria andthey'',ve retumed it saying I must keep away from you.

, Youlre a bloody rascal, that's what they say.' I couldn'tlelieve it. I was so confused I iust stood there with mentalelamp. Piet Schoernen got even angrier

'I suppooe you thinkyou're clever, trying to set me up.I know nothing about spying. I'm a career diplornat and in

tea and sat down to think it all put. My first thought wgs. '

;;. tI. i. o* den Brgh had given me3'load of bull about

*"trtioe m. to spy for-him in Britain. Perhaps he had qai$r

itti. *i *"tfd leave South Africa quietly and he could gnc

rid of me without any fuss. But no. That iust didn't rndic-: '.

r"trr" U""u*"'1py heab was full ofsecrets. HJ wasnt (inrpidi ,-ii" t".* *". I was a iournalist and that if he droppedtme

'

as-a friend I could write massive and embarrassing nevs

stories about him in the British press.--li w*t trom" to sleep on it and formulate a plan of action'

The next day I retuined to the South A{tican Embassy,

oretended tobe using the library'section and slipped up-

itairs when nobody was looking. I walked into Piet S9h!fmr*', uffi.. .and, thank goodness; he was there' As he

i"*""a uo fiom his desliwith a wild look on his face, I';;;;" quickly. Now he knew I w€rs not go-ing to attack

hi*. g,ra fre Uactea against the wall none the 'less' -; '--li

top. you realize you ar€ on S99th African territoryand I can have you arrested for breaking and entering,' he

said.-Jtoot out my Sou*r African press card and placed it-,,

gently on his desk' ::'")

" ;sena that back to H. I. van den Bergh personallyr ffEd '

,*rr* ia oying I'm "

tat"at then I'm going to the Blitir-h "

S*d"y firies lo tell thesr how I, and many oths Sor*li

'i

lil

i'iiliti

:iiij

{ilq{.i'I,.1

166'., rN$rDB Eoss

African iournalists, have been spying for Republican Intelli-s"nce Dlens fservicel for the last three 1rcars.'" I saw frorn-the looi on Schoeman's face that I had got to

hirn with.the mention of Republican Intdligence' It was -a

n"me tot"tty unknown outside top police circles in South

Africa. But Piet was still cautious.-lI thiok you might iust be telling the tnrth,' he said,

suoking tne aimpte on his chin. 'But if I send yorrr press

card tict again and get a kick in the teeth for doing so,

I swear I'll kill you.', I left Schoeman's office after he said he would contact me

as-roon as possible. The next thing I hcard was when Piet

telephoned me at home at a few minutes past six one

morning.- :f *itt see you this morning. I've g9t good news foryou. Let?s meetinthe foyer of the news theatre o;lPosite the

Embassy at eleven-'I turned up on the dot. Schoeman had already bougft

two tickets and we went ihside to sit in the back row' As

Ilv{ickey Mouse pranced across the screen Piet Schoeman

was full of apologies.'I've been-in contact with HJ and he confirms everything

you say. I'm to look after you, give you d mohthly salary of

{8o plus all expenses You need.'- Sdrmrnan epplained that when I had first contacted himhe'had sent a short message to the Security Police inPretoria and that it had been handled by its adminisrativehead, 'Tiny' Ventef. Quite apart'from the fact that he was

unaware of my secret deal with H. J. van den Bergh, Venter

disliked me intensely. He had replied to Piet Schoeman's

message by saying 'bon't trust this man one inch' He's an

out-*fr-orrt rascal who was deported after being involved

in a murder.'' Schoernan and I left the news theatre separately and met'up

again in his office at the Embasslr 1 fey rninutes later'Thde he introduced me to a woman I should contact when-

ever he was not available. She was a tall, heavily builtA&ikaans woman of about twenty-seven wearing thick-

l

. '

rimmed spectacles; It was Cbarlotte Haqtil$9{r'who vnry'

listed at the Embassy as Piet Schoernan's private cecretary'

As well as being that, she was a member of Republicanint"ttigett"" andfretped him run all South Afrfca's ltcryagents-in Britain. A spinster, she lived alone in,a flat"indotphit Square, and her rent there was paid by the Sorrth:

Affi" governtnent..* She handed me {roo i1 oigr.. ff'notes arrA asked me to sign a receipt with my Republico':Intelligence code numbei Ror7. Piet gave me a bott-k' fiSouth"i\frican KIVV brandy. the mott"y and the brandy-ri

were to mak6 up for the six weet<s of arxiety I had operi*'enced. As I bft Piet Schoesrad's offce he handed me"*sealed envelope.

'Idon't ever want to see that damn thing again f hesaid,'Openirrg the envelope I found inside my sanalt grca

South African press card. We both laughed. It had been a

bad start. But now we were good friends and I could begini

spying with a vengeance.,"* From 1973 Charlotte llamilton worked at BOQ! headeuanen '

in Pret"*a f#ihr". y""tt ' She retuilxed to the Sou*r African rlUassl ,

in Londoq in rg76 as a spy controller with Mr J. Fouric, who sab:Gtea r. a diplomat at the F.rrbassy. Again' abc ooanpM a ffat inDolphin Square. : .

,l\ l\

t3 IN FI I,TRATI O N

My cover while spying in London _was that of a freelance

iournalist specializing in South Afri-can matters but also

boveringnUct affairs in Britain. My first move was to sendresulaf, news stories to the Johannesburg Sunday Express

ab-out South Africans living in Britain. The editor, Johnny]ohnson, who had set lne up to be his rnessenger boJ wlhJohn Vorster, was not fooled by my deportation. But he

was not in any position to say anything- Realizing tr must be

spying for Vorster in London, Johnson was only too keenti appoint me as the offieial London correspondent for hispapei.' :it ** a good cover but I wanted better. I started bom-barding Posr and Drurn in lohannesburg with fascinatingstories about Black South Africans who had madera suceesF

of life in London. It was only natur.al that Fhilip Selwyn-Smith, the new editor of, Posrr should appoint me as hlsLondon correspondent. Phil and I had worked together inJohannesburg and we were on good terms. He knerr I hadfabulous Black contacts throughout South Africa' He,also

[*rew I had been deported, so, in the eyes of Drum and Posr

readets, I was a good guy. Vith these prestige Black iournalsand the johannesburg Expressbehind me I was free to move

in on any South African living in Britain, whether Black orWhite.

At a later stage I established good contact with London'sBlacl< newspaper, the Vlest Indian World, and suppliedihem with stories and photographs. This brought me new

friendships with Blacks from all over the world' which inarrn,.inevitably led me to Black S-outh Africans theyknew.

But my strongest ace was being a regular contributor toF€um World Features, run from Lincoln?s Inn Fields,

London, by the for,mer editor'of Post and Drurn, C-edlEprile. This was the agency H. ]. van den Bergh hadwanted me to infiltrate because it was a CIA front organiza-tion. He was right. Nine years later, in late 1971 the Penta-gon admitted that Forum lforld Featuresrhad been a com-llete CIA front. This fact was forced out in the open bySenator Frank Church's sub-committee hearing in Waeh-r$gton irrvestigating America?s intelligence services.,:i'' When I first started rwiting for Forum fu t967 I told ary'

old fiiend Cecil Eprile that I knew it was a CIA front; I.I-eirctaliated by making it clear he knew I was a sFy fsf,Pretoria. I didn:t admit it, but f couldn't insult his intelli;gence by denying it either. I just shrugged rny shoulders. ,

'That makes us even, then, if in fact we are both spodksr'I said. Cecil laughed, artd our friendship was immediatelystrengthened. It went on to become a very close and tru$-ing relationship which I still value today. Before Forum wasexposed as a front, Cecil settled in America and startedwriting books on Africa.

A lot of nofsense was published about Forum WoddFeanrres when the truth came out. One famous newspapgrclaimed that it had been set up solely to place 'right-wirigpropag.anda? all over the world. Nothing could be furthorfrom the tnrth. Such activity would have imrnediatelyraised suspicion from the left and Forum's credibility wouldhave dropped to zero. On the contrary, Forum had sen$e 'enough to recruit dozens of well-known left-wingers inLondon as regular specialist writers, who gave Forum abalanced image..

The only time the C IA really 'ubed' Forum in a iournal-isticsensewas when it placed disinformation stories (usurallyanti-Kremlin) or articles deslgned to test the attitudes andreactions of governments in various parts of the wodd. On'at least two occasions I knowingly wrote such 'wind-testing' stories. One of these was aimed at finding out hotltmuch of a fuss the South African government would kickup about an American-backed plan to build a road between

r7o . INSIDB Bos$ -, ,

Zanbia.and Eotswatl{' fEr e?de'purposes' H' I: van dqr'

il;tilphased wfiert I submitt'ed a secre! repgrt P q*; fiir. lt irtn.a hirn toche'cIA's ulterior motive for &eEtory.

f;""- Vorld Features rnss {brmed primarily to a€t as aq

itaforrnalion*gathering network for the CIA and as a co-n-

Iiii*ti*. liunaered money paid to the CIA's iournalist

ffi i" t*ious parts of the world. Forum was also useful

riGn tn"'CrA needed to get lts top operatives to political

#;;;; in a hurry with a temporary cover; one tull-timeioUrn*ist I know aaually flew his own plane as far a$eld'ar gl"et states in Africa. One other big advantage was that

if tti"Cla wished to compile an in-depth dossier on a

""Jy *tutged leader in a Elack African stater thqy could

;d:"* ofrtheir spy authors who would offer to write'dGt,*G" ni*. Rny author who spends a fortnight i" th9

A;p""t of sueh a-leader comes away with a very good

d;tght into the man, his attitlrdes, weaknesses and intenltillti. Trr".'s gold dust to an intelligence- organization'l---itrr tno*. s-urprising thing H. J. vP den Bergh told me

'arrtl.--ui Forum World Features was that its chairrnan' MfBrian Crozier, was a member of British intelligsnce' Asd'for a change, HJ and the Communists w€t€ in agleement'

i; Dec;ber lg6e dte Russian newspaq€r lzoest'ia nasred

,ir.*"r *p Bfitish personalities as mernbers of the British

ffi,toii"".* Oni of them was Brian Crozier'' If Izsesia.,6indHj,*.tucofrectrthenMrCrozier'ryasaBritishsecret

""*rt rittto ran a CIA front in London for nine years, which

fquitu a fascinating thought. -- itt t97o Mr Crozler set up the Institute 9" *g ltudy ofConflii, As well as compiling a vast card indo< of all known

icr**ist *oln *eoatr the Institute organizes seurinars' lec-

tut* *a strrdy groups for businest rygy and militarynen in variouu;4"6 olthe Western world' It-also gublighes

a series of bulletins alled Confia Sudies for subscribers

tb5-oughout the lff'estern world.:'* lzqi*tiaruo Deceinber 1968, and the British ?dzres, zr Decembet

tln*''t '' :

rNFltrRi{?ION . rTrl

Brian Crozier is a brilliant man who has wrfut*r in-depthprofiles of such world leaders as Franco, Salazar and DeGaulle. fiis books are*equired reading in war colleges in.anumber of countries. One of his books, The Rebels,was thefirst study of post-war insurrections and it was used,in'America as a basis for counter-insurgency courses.

Mr Crozier reported on political violence in South-EastAsia during the r95os for Reuters, the Nao Ymk Timesaurtd'

Time-Life, and later for'the Economist in Cyprus, Algeria-the former Bdlgian Congo and elsewhere. From iSs+ ts1964 he was the editor of the Economist's fbreign report,' ; '

When Forum Vorld Features was admitted to be a CIAfront in late i975, Mr Crozier took its valuable libraryacross to the offices of the Institute for the Study of Con-flict. It certainly ls a strange world.

\[/hen Forum first started its operations in London itoffered newspapers a regular service of from four to tenr,ooo-word speciatist feature articles each week. It was agood business proposition to many small newspaperyoverseas, and once it got into lts suide, Forurn was supply-'ing z5o newspapers and magazines in fifty-three countries.This opened many new doors for me. No matter how lnr-portant the personage, if you say you want to interview himfor publication on that scale, he smiles broadly and says

'You must come to my club for lunch, old boy.'

One ofthe regular assignments given to me by H. J. van denBergh was to cover all public demonstrations held by SguthAfrican political exiles in London. This also meant attBndling anti-Rhodesian dernonstrations, as South African exiles

ioined in those. My job was secretly to take close-up phgto-, graphs of wery maior participant, such as the front.rankertand obvious organizers. To allay suspicion I always stoodwith other pressmen covering the dernor To make me in-stantly recognizable as a'iournalist I had three Leica cameras

" hanging round my neck. One under the left arm, one tmderthe rig[t and the third flat on my chest. The latter wssithevital one. It had a special wide-angle 'thief lens' costing

Iia .'sNstDS'r":BoEE

/<oo which did not have to'be fidcused,* It took pictges'ttt*t-*"* sharp from abot* 18 inches to infinity' This

nra,ttt'.1'dta oot han" to li& it to my eyes when I wbnted to

;l;"h ; picnre of anyonei ,Irh*d a remote-control attach-

;;;t" my left trouser pocket, which also meant I did not

h;;-tG *y hand and'press the shutter' sfhenever IilnrJ to pttoiogt"ptr any particutar person r could stand

"lfonirlt t i feet"of irim, dist act his attention by scratching

*.' -n*J*ift

my right hand while shooting pictures from

*u tto,rt.t pocket. This was important' Demonstrators get

#w.*pi.i^o"s when anyone photoctp-lt them close-up'

loi"" "iw

an idiot usrng a miniature Sq* lspy'camera;;;";; demo in TrafalEar Square' I don't know if he was

" r""*i"s"nt or a membir of the National Front' but I got

" Lloa oiiture vhen a grgup ofangsy dernbnstrators stafted

d;t"dhtt" up and the poti"e itunped fur tQ save hiln'-:;iiili"i"-r.inannfrom rg66 t F"b. ry"tv t911r 1T-19eo*ty maior,demo and submitted at least 4'ooo "t93tt-17to P-r*oria. At first I printed up ttre pictures mysefi anc

;;te ;h;'n;es of air demonstrators on the back' 'But'*hi;";;t-ioo time-consuming and Pretoria-decided, L

.n*fa t"U*it all the negatives' They printed up *tree

;;il"i;;.h picture and Jint them back to mv spv'handler

i",liu"io". He'kept one copy' tr kept another for my private

fi6;J;h"ltttitd **t t.tti bu.t to Pretoria with identi-

fvinc comments written on the back'"; il;J;i;;i tpvitg aids. one was a speciallv constnrcted

btLf"as" cotttuinittg a tape recorder' The recorder was

;;ftfi"d so trrat it ;peratid by a remote-control device in

G h;;dG "itrt utiir""*". If the handle was rnoved to the

6hi t.he *up. started working. A movement to the left

#;; it. The microphone for the tape was another

i#Jr*""tr*l device cunningly hidden in the keyhole at

the front of the briefcase.;:l 1.1ga a ballpoint:pen for special interviews that wrote

inst tike *v oiditt"ty pen but was also a tansmitter' It;pd; on a *avetengtt ttot obtainable by radio sets sold

, *'ljitzV"etzJar 'Twenty Onet Super-Angulon

rNFIEES&TION. "!78

to the general public. The pen transrnitted te,g ryeqieltyconstnrhed portable radio which had a tape agache'ntnn.a to it. Tire pen and radio, worth about {zoorveqe rrsed

only on rat" occasiotts when it would have been eq.*picious

for me to walk into someone's office carrying a brief@i, r

No matter wheie you go there is alrrays a toilet sornewbs{$.;,

near by. When I used the pen $ansmitter I would -!*".q.tac"o*pli"e who sat in the toilet operating the radio wjdrearphoies attached. A tremendous advantage ,tt9 p_* garp ,,,

m. *"r that when I was:interviewing tnro people I eouldthrow shock questions at thern, put my pen down on mynotebook, and leave the roorn on the pretence ofgoing tofetch my cigarettes from the car or going to the 1qe. ltr'henI left the room the two:men would discuss the questions l'had thrown. !(rhile doing this they would let drop vitallyirnportant snippets of information - all'picked up by the p'en

lying on my notebook-' i ""tro ha'd bugging devices fol my own flat. rVhen I had

South African guests I would switch on the bug and leavg.'

the flat saying fwas going across the road to buy a-bottleof ,

wine, I "outA

tne" go to my car and switch on the car rddio'

This tuned into ttre bug in my flat: The conversation be-tween my'guests came across loud and clear and was often

v.ry reveulittg. But not always in a-political sense. I some-

times heard thittgs about myself I definitely didn't like'Another regular assignment was to get thg home addresses

of any South Africans living in London who had any con-

nection with exiled South African movements' Thege

"iatoro often helped Pretoria to trace undergrorrnd

political activists operating inside- South Africa' Once

iletoria had the full addreis of a South African.notlticatfipgre in London it could, in various ways, monitor that

"idt..r. Sometimes it could also intercept letters sent to

So.ttn afti"a from that address, particularly when the'

sender put his address on the back of the envelope' Know''i"r1tr"'t""aer's address, South African intelligence cou&d

it i"t".p. it on arrival at Johannesburg's-fe1 Smuts aitFof-l'

pitoio"ipv the contents and then post the letter on its wny

s?4 . .!NSIE8',BO$8 r

through the mail in the ry1mal mamner'. There €re a{r

;il;"d t",ooo South Africans livinc --m the Greater

td";LJu. No, all of them are politically involved' buf

il"itti" likes to keep tabs on any who regularty gttend anti-

. Sl"tft-efti"an demonst'rations',TtiJ;;k-trt" t"gittt"tion nu:nbers of all cars-parked

witf,lt ittt." t,t"ia oFevening mqetings held by the Brt$h--

';fit-d;heid Movement a:t places like. tt-re conway Hall

itr riz"r'-*i*ter. The $reegs,in this mainly business area

weli uruaUy ernpty at night and'people.attending the-meet-

ilrls-;;tGi Git .*t "i tt"ao as possible to the hall' Mv

'I-ondon spy-nraster, Piet Schoeman, .had en ally i1 tfeG;;; Llnaott Council's licensing department and the

,"urio-*A "ddr".r"t

of the car owners were- thus easily

a*ac.d, Anyone amehding an-Anti-Apartheid Movement

;;;G-tt ;i great int.reit to Pretoria, and' again' j:o"."tl

"A?"t"Gt-.i"v may be using are discovered' This kind-of

iil;;il iot"a..uit is tvpical o{ fretllia} efficiencv' rt's,h"ia-siigsirg routine police work,tut H' J' van den lergh,itk;;Jfdieing a ptotp""tot' '^If vol sift through the-Ati*A'a*t meti*culously you are Qr-9e.d

to find.a ger-n 9edav. and every now and again you fall into a gold mrne.'*'f;"-:.i"t'i'uitt--

*"t ro' io uu leading -newspapers and'

***fn--"*azines of a pofiticat nature delivered to my flat

.""*i"v. i would lie in bed for ttnee hours every n'ornlng

t*rii it:"a n"ished them all. It was pointless getting u-p tq

;;rh;;il;-iiJ aott" that' as the printing ink r-ubbed off

tii-ou"a *v hands and the sheets' It was heavy on my

laLlry uiit, uttt Pretoria paid lor that - and for "ll.+u

""d;d;;.'What r was looking for ryas anv mention of 49

*nroi '-So"rh arricai. -after

a couple of months I could

sti* " newspaper guickly, as the worls. iurnped o119f the

;";;if ff"iugi"i t read everything, including all letters

'i"?rt "ai "i "oi,i-"t and all Personal Column insertions'

"i-iur.n perused all left-wing an{.far-l1ft newspapers or

iou-mats icould lay my handJon' Thesel obtained-weekly

ffi;;Iil;G"d rd* ut collets -Bookshop in Charing

e;;; Rr;e. rttu ttun there got to ksow me so well that

;i,1:,'' ''1',.1,.r.

they even pointed oUt members of Scotland Yard's SpeclalBranch, rvho also collected all the far-left literanrre twice a'week.

The South African Embassy in London subscribes to amajor press-clipping agency and all mentions of SouttrAfrica are carefirlly scrr.ltinized in Pretoria. But bureaucra6y.being what it is, these are often not processed until a weekor fortnight has elapsed. ft was my job to read the paperslooking for anything which might necessitate immediateaction. If a South African was rnentioned in any politicillyorientated story I would try to contact him by telephot e an4as a iournalist, pretend to be interested in writing a story ouihim for a newspaper 'back homet. This was of enormousvalue to Piet Schoeman and his fellow spooks in the LondonEtnbassy. If the man'I had interviewed was involved insomething constituting'danger potential'.to South Africa,Piet Schoeman would be alerted by me within the hour.Forewarned is forearmed

Another'instant action' job was to get advance copies of,any bool<s being pubtished in Britain $rhich Pletoria knewtusuld contain material critical of the South African go\rern-ment. As a journalist it was simple for me to cofltadt thepublishers and arrange to get review copies of the bookson the day before their official release, or even eadier. Iwould quickly read a booli for 'danger content'. If it was aserious mafter I would type out a backgrounder givingdetails of the controversial subject and the number of,thepage on which it appeared. I would deliver this back:grounder, alongwiththe copy ofthebook, to Piet Schoemanas quickly as possible. He would signal my brief details toPretoria by telex so that relevant South African governmintofficials and cabinet ministers could be 'educated' on thesubjea.

I once delivered such a backgrounder to Piet Schoem&on a book about to be released in Britain." Schoemalrsignalled Pretoria. The next day, when the book wlul ne-leased, a South African ioumalist based in London read'it'and cabled a story to his newspaper in Johannesburg. There,

I.f;s:' i}*$&t B0.SS;i.' '.:,

di,srnior polidcal writer t@ed a cabinet rninister -dl*ftA,hih to cornrnent on rhe conttoversiat story' The

"abd; minister, having bwr'briefed in advance, had hb"

a.i*"" well prepared.-It uns his ansurcrs to the book's

*riuti*t* **.n made tbe'hdlines' :If the minister had

iliki r*"armed he would heve badtossy'Nocortmerrt''At& *ren the allegations in the booh would have pre-

dominated.-'g{1ile'on the subiect of bqoks I cao give another good

iEdication of Pretoria's efrciency. H al anti-Sou*FAfricao

G,"k b""* acover dralvn by aa artist, South Africarr intelli-ge""" op* a file in *rat artist's nafir& This alsg applies toilr" **"t*an whose photographs appear in tlre book' or

a"i petson ttte author has fhanked, in his preface, for havrng

h"ir;d him type or proerfread the manrpcript' If you feG-e..*y, prltoria-wants all your friends and acquain-

unces.to be on their files.:

$ome .people may laueh at &e ttrought that the nightyS*rtn'Afii.att r-egime co-uld be frightened of Britishcomedians Ute Spitte Milligan, Dickie Henddrson' RolnrEFraser and, Charles 'C.afry On' Harttrey; or of top per-

sonalities such"as singer Salrdie Shaw, ''Dracula' astor

Christopher l,ee, ptaywriglt Robert Bolt, Hayley Mills'Bbgo itqrr, Sussnnah York and the Israeli spoon- and

minl-OenderrUri Geller- But I epied on these and seveml

othsr show-biz peoplg. Not because rbey are in ttre sane

l&sue as ttre potitiially aware stars, likeVanessa Redgrave'

Iaie Fonda and Madorr Brando, but because they wene

i.;"*ttt to be opposed'to the South Mrican poticy ofapartheid-

Pretoria has araging'phobia sbout famous stars who visitSouttr Africa, as they have high-voltage publicity poten-

',,',tial. Apotitician migbt knock apartheid b'lrt when a famous

'. mar ado so ir usually rates headlines innewspapers all over,,thp.world, British.singer Dusty $pringfield can be directtytilamed ftr,Pretoria's phobia- She started it all when she

tourd South.sfrica in the early r96os aod refirsed to appear

INfItrTRATION' r77

before segregated oudiences. She got world headlines andthe South Africari government got a hiding publicity-wise.iPretoria vowed that no oversea$ star would pull that kindoftrick again.

Until 1978 any showbiz personality was carefully vettedby Pretoria, in one way or another, before they were dlowedto torr South Africa. But today, the South African go\ternrment has devised a far subtler solution. In cases wherdid .

Soirth African impresario is responsible for importing afamous star to the c'ountry, a little blackmail is applied by "

the Department of the l;rterior in Pretoria. Officials make itclear to the impresario that his ofuture businqss' with,thedepartrnent - obtaining work permits and visas, etc. - nestson the fact that his star 'behaves' while in South Aftica.Only a very courageous South African impresario woulddgre to admit the truth of this. If he did he would be out ofbusiness overnight. Apart from the Department of theInterior and its all-important visas, the impresario mustalso have good relations with o*rer government depart-ments, particularly those dealing with Black Affairs. Ifthe star is to appear before Black-orily audiences it is oftenvital for the irnpresario to obtain permits in various areas.

Even more important, the South $frican til( man has agreat interest in the substantid earnings a star receivegduring his or her tour. If a star starts making politicalstatements while in South Africa, the impresario will sud-denly find himself being hammered by the tax man as well,So the South African impresario is hogbound on all lwelsbythe government.

I know of one impresario living in Johannesburg who isa strong supporter of the South African government Incollusion with the South African Information Depart'rnenthe devised a far better method of omuzzling' stars visitingSouth Africa. Before the tour starts he shows them a largediamond worth {ro,ooo and tells them: 'If the tour pgoer

well and there's no trouble, you get this as an extra present t

And that is why some wodd-fbmous stars' even Blaclc onest

have toured Soutn e*ica without commenting advdrsely on

hg,,racial poli,cies. It's a marvellottg,d*al for a[ sides"The

dia'rnoqd is delivered to the star.whe*vht renmls to Britain,eo,he has norsmuggling' proble*rs- tsnen better, th"g* t:a secret Sft and does not have to be disclosed to the British

tu. mtttlfne impresario doesn't'fork out a penny for th9^

damona. trt's bcught and paid for, ag sruch less than halfthe retail'value, by slush funds fmm the South Africanfi*tttttt"o* ol Information. Soo for a relatively small;i"io*r",', there are five spin-offs for the South Africanggverruflrent: '"JTlot aop"yer bears the cost of the diamond'. It's a *uioi Uto* against the British actorsl union Equity,whictr dislikes the idea of its rnembers agreeing to appear

before segregated audiences in South Africg'- . lt A".s:tftJ outside world the irnpression that South Africa

can't"be such a bad place after all if one of its favourite

s€rs goes to perform there without complaint'"jifrerpt to.cut the ground from under the British Anti-

Aoartheid Mowment, which constantly urges a total boy-

som of South Africa on all sporting and cultural leyels' ---Fifahly,

and equailylmportant, the star's visit gives im-mense reassurance to countless tlrousands of (white) votersi

i" S*ttt Africa whoworry about being ostracized and con-

A;A by civilized muntries overseas. The South African

sove*mtot tries everything in its power to show it is not

iJ;;e from the outside- world, because it needs the

i"glith-tp*ki"g \yhite vote. That iswhy Pretoria chuckles

"pit"if".u. merily when the British Lions orthe Irish rugby

Grn to* South Africa in spite of protests back home'

London has long been the main headquarters for political

il*"**" and-refrrgees from many countries' Therg ary

;;;Jt*it"s for dJs but the rnain one is that the city is

lli ".w "*.re

of the world's pubficity nerwork because of*ft" f"EAo* enfoyed by the Biitish press and irt particular

the orcellence of the BBC, whidr beams,out a constant'

nm' of information on all zubiects throughout the globe'

AII South African political mov€menf;8 bwe 'an office;ofeomekin4 howe'iet''snrall, in London. Thmost impom4tis that of the outlarred African National ConSre$s. In'the n

eyes of Pretoria this b the nrost dangerous group' as it isreeponsible for regular guerrilla atucks inside Sou*IAfrica such as the daring 6b*i"S up of the massive Sarol,oif-fro**o"f refinery irlar Johannlsburg in June r98o.Other political organizations hated by Pretoria arc thePan-Afiicanist Congress (PAC), the South Afric&' ,:'

Coloured Peo'ple's Congress, ttre South African Indiat! "'C*t"*, ttre'Sou& fVEst africsn People's Orgudatho ,.(SWAPO), which, among others, have offices in lrondod. '

As a spy for South Africa it was part of my iob to get closE

to these movements whenever possible. ' " :

The only group I kept wellalrnay from at all.tirnes was fte -South African Communist Party (SACP)' whictt had asmall office in Goodge Street, London Wr. I never visited*rat office. The SACP is the oldest and most experience{,

',

Comrnunist Party in *re whole of Africa. It was officially' ,

formed in South Africa in rgzr, although seasoned com- '

iades had been active several years before drat- The So1.rth

African governrnetrt declared it an illegal organizmiur anS

banned ii in r95o. My various spytrandlers in I-mrdon asked

rne seveml tirnes to try and move in on members of theSACP but I always refused' A man must be aware of hislimitatior,rs. The bulk of the SACP is composedof higbly-intelligent men and qromen whose only religion is pofitics; l

they ierc far too disciplined and securiry-conscious for me. '

Wiinin days of arriving in London I accidentally diseovered

that the SACP subscribed to all maior newspapers inSouth Africa 6nd made a careful analysis of wery politicat

story in them.'Clearly, then, they would have noticed same

of the cunningly angled stories I had written for John /Vorrter and H. J. van den Bergh and &awn their orvn ,:conclusions.

Moving in on other South African groups and exilec in'London ias relatively easy, though a s-low process. Vhtiri'

j: rrjt:1.11:. I jrril:.ltairr:' . .': ;..-:.i,:r; i

'.',,llrt,:., :rsi

'.'1,', t;)i:t!i.

: I ritt:''.+.i,;1

l8o. rxsroE Boss

ever I could I discreetly wind ryi dq"d any young*gr

r"*o."ru .o""*ed with them. Very feT youqc P1plei-#;'*t6;;;"1 meaning of the word securityt Th-"J

ffi;i;;;;;; th"t don't.LEven wben thw ar9 noliticallvffi;*ihiy ""*ioi"giy

let drop fascinating lit'tle snippets

a**aJut'*tich an-experiencCd fact-finder can piece to-

"oft"t. And it's not always the young who are indiscreet'

ilii*;ffib" know the art o'r'ptr*ping'information' We

ffit"U interviewed people who tried hard not to'say any-

'iil"gn""i"ule' yet'in'ttteir eesperation to get rid of ul. t"oJt"il.o*"ttti"g newsworthy' thdre are ttrorryqr{s^oj

ils;J-r"l"thone lonversatio* 11 *".files of BoSSwhere someone begrns by saying 'I think we'd better be

""""i"f it,

".se this fne is iapped', and then' within 1.mafter

;;;"d.tutt* a-ppingnames an{-c[es of vital impor-

ffi;;;ltlllth *r*"io iitelligence' H.'.I' r'an den Bergh

,ffi,; i;t*rite saying relating to ttris oubject: ! rf you are an

ffi"ui""* oi"ti.tiu"" or a:magician, you're geared toIdrdiio". rf you're notr'you're not.'

H. J. van den Bergh assigned me to ioin ttre Foreign Press

f;#i"rid-irpClu basi at carlton House Terrace'.Alli.t"i* i""*alists'of any note belong to this prestigious

ffi;iliil;htA t"tt op regular top-level luncheons and

,,dio*;. *i*, Vtp* frorn all-over the world and -arrangeslffii;;- and opthe--record briefings with whichever

t*u-*irrlsfur is in office andwith a host of other lm_portantil*i.i*ft oofi.icians. HJ urged me to join

-the FPA because

il'*""it"ttttp includes-over 4oo top fgreign iournalists*a-l*]"*tiU" organizations-from all over the world'

i,.J"ia#,radio, television, publishing ryoups Td -19*:asencieslFpA get-togetheis are amazing hives of political

;;rtp, il Hl"craimia that most of the journalists based

itr l-'""4." as correspondents for lewspapery-in -Russia'Ctrittu, and Iron Curtain countries were 'intelligence'gfi;t. He was adamant that Communist-countries use the

FPfu u non", for their journalist spies' 'They?d be stupid

lfti;t didn't,' he said. Another advantage of belonging to

INiFI.I;tRATI,6N .,r8I

the FPA was that it arranged regular funcheons with Mpsat the llouse of Coqrrmons, wtrich were always uoeful formaking contacts and picking up political gossip , , ,

The fact that f was the London correspbndent fur SouthAfric-a's bunr magazine wtls listed,in ihe Foreign pressAssociation's mernbership book which is sent to:gove&.rnent departrrrents in Britain; and this also opened inary.doors. -

In June t97r Ht Maiesty Queen Elizabeth sent a largeengraved card inviting me to have tea withher in the eard€nsof Puckingham Palace, She invited ro,ooo other pJople hsw.ell, but that wasn't really important. Ilighly AononteA,flattered and tickled pink, I moved the old,clock frorn mydusty mantelplece and:placed the royal invitation,card therefor all to see; And to make sure they saw it I invited-manyfriends, for drinl$, dinner and ev.en breakfast during,theintervening two weeks.

Trafrc control for the ;estimated Jeooo @rs,conveyirgguests to the garden party.on r 5 ]uly was superb. The specidylllow recogqition sticker on my windscreen sped methrough police road blocks and into the Mall to Eucking.ham Palace. The royal garden was fabulous, withbeautifulflamingoes at the lakeside ignoring the milling crowd anddaintily fishing with their long elegant neclrs under water.It was a ravishingly poetic scene. I didn't neeet Her Maiestyactually, but on the lawns I talked happily with Fritz Joubert,another Foreigr Press Association member who.wes tlre!9l_do" correspondent for South Africa's pro-govemm.entAfrikaans newspaper Die Bwger. Oh yes, it-wasl defightfulpTty and I really felt proud of myself, Then, the next day,when I walked rnto the Foreign Press Association my vanitygot a very nasty kick in the teeth.

The FPA secrerary, Mrs Mary Crang, a very dighifiedand cultured lady, took one look at me and-burit outlaughing. As I frowned and asked this norrnally eel&possessed woman what on earth she was laughing about sheshrieked'I can't, I iust can't ...., with tears of laugtlteirolling down her face. When I became insistent she placed

r8z. tuston'go$s: :

het face doqm on-her large leather*ound blotting,ped mdcovered her head with het hands,' I heard a mufled voice

saying iThey thought you were Bl@ They thought you

were Black.':' I thought she was mad. But shewasr.r't. As Mary slowly-reeainedtrer composr$e stre told rrie about a telephone call

rdl. n"a iust received from Anne Hawking the public

relations officer at the Palace. Miss Hawkins had skimmed

tnto"sltttt Foreign Press Associationls membership hand-

t oL io choose noo lournAists wbo would be invited to the

Royal Garden Parry.',. ishe saw yorr narne at the side of South Africa's Black

maguine It*r, and automatically presumed you weregi;:d" fhittki"g it would be nice for a Black South Africanloo**tiut to bJ invited to the Palace, she looked through

ift n*aU*k again and neatly balanced that by inviting

Fritz Joubert of the Afrikaans newspaper Ne Bwger''I took it very badly. So badly *rat I got'nry revenge on

'the Palace by i'riting a nasty little send-up story about 1lthe tavatoriei at BuCkingham Palace. Miss Hawkins said Iwould never be invited:again.* But H. J. van den Bergh

to*a tft" story. From that moment on he teasingly called

me 'our man at the Patrace'.

rl.ioined the Parliamentary Association of Overseas Corres-, $ndents, based in the l{ouse of Cornmons, which gave me

icc.er to its press dining room and library. For my purposes,

however, thi best political library in London !T th:9ry 9"the top floor of the Royal*Instltutg of International Affairs

in St James's Square, and I took advantage of its facilities on

A*.tit of occasions when I needed'detailed informationabout British VIPs for my secret feports to-Pretoria' Joining,the ulua-swish Institute, known to th9 'in-'-folk as Chatham

House, is not easy, but my memberyfrip was speedilyI approved when I got CIA editor Cecil Eprile to act as my

proposer.'Another important source of information was the British* Johannesburg Sundat Express, z5 July r97r'

. ' INFILTRAT"IoN .'r83 :

National Union ofJouriialists. H.J.u*'O"o g"rgh told meto attend all branch meetings of the NUJ and slowly iockeyfor power in its ranks. Jt didn't take long. British journalistsare lazy when it comes to attending their union meetingt,,andI soon got myself elected on to the committee of the LondonFreelance Branch. It was only a matter of further jockeyingbefore I was appointed an Officer of the Union. I was the;Membenhip Secretary of the l,ondon Freelance Branch'foiiseveral years. This post gave me access to the private fileskept at.the union's headquarters, Acorn House, Gray's Tnn

Road.It was a simple firetter-to build up a long isuspect lictro'f"

all British iournalists who were left-wing in their polities,worked for leftist or liberal journals, or submitted regulararticles to them under pen narnes, In many cases I was ableto determine whether they had strong feelings about $outhAfrica. This again was gold dust to Pretoria. Several of thejournalists on my suspect list, like Jaqes McManus of the.Guardian, were iefused entry to South Africa. Otfrers, like,Dennis Kiley, now working for the Finqncial Times rnL'sldon, John Goldblatt, a freelsoce photographer working forthe British Swilay Timcs, and John Pilger of the DailyMqr*, rilere sent'keep-out' leners.

Several journalists were kicked out of South Africa, likeDave Garner, a television journalist in London, and DennisHerbstein of the British Stmday Times. Some, like ElainsPotter, also of the British Swday Times, had their baggagesearched, with or without their knowledge, when dreyentered and left South Africa

One young man was arrested under South Africa'sTerrorism Act andheavily qiizzedby Security Police inter-rogators in Novembet rylt. He was Quentin Jaoobsen, afreelance photographer.

I must confess that I was not always right in my assess-

ment of all these journalists and their 'danger to the stat€':,'.But Pretoria didn't mind. Alt-they cared about was that myheart was in 'the right place'.

14 . IIIL EVANS

Before I left South Africa to start spying in London, H. J'vad den Bergh warned me ttrat if I was ever quizzed bySritish intelligence I should deny being a secret ggent f91

Pretoria. If B;itish security gave me a hard time I shouldthreaten to go to a Fleet Street newspaper with the storythat I was bLing'harassed'because I was pro-Black.

'Thatwill frighten the life.out of them,'smiled HJ. 'Thelast'thing they want is any bad publicity with racial over-torleg.' , ,

r But, he added, if British security made a sudden raid on

my ffat at a time when I was typing 9ut r-ny secret reports

and caught me with"them I should lconfess' to being an

agent foi Rhodesian intelligence. In'.this yay I-IJ wouldh-ave been spared embarrassment and when I was re-

leased from custody, or jail, he would have retired me on a

pension and used me as a pro-government propagandist injournalism.

My 'fall-back' story of working as an a-g9nt {or Rho{e9i3

was ihanged shortly after I started working for the C-IAfmnt, Fo;um Worlh Features. My Londpn handler, Piet

Sihoeman, told me I should 'confess' to being a CIAagent if I got into serious trouble with British security'-'It',

" n'eturalr' he explained. 'The British won't be able

to do anything to you if you say that. They know all about

Forum being a CiA front, iust as we do, but their special

relationship*with the CIA was badly hurt by-the KimPhilby thing and they won't want to damage it further byexposing Forum.'

bttls ias something I remernbered later and put to good

use when the girl-friend I was living with suddenly realized

I was a spy.

JIl,!, 'EVAN-8' t85.. l_

She was JilI Evac$, atalented \llelsh-born iournalist whoworked for the Dcily Minor. I had mer hef.at dn anti-Rhodesian demonstration in Trafalgar Square"i* Febmary1967. We fell in love on sight and f moved into her H,ig'$gateflat within a ureek. She had never been to South Africasndknew nothing about the count4l, so I was able to continuqmy double lile for quite a while until, as any loving womartwould, she workid it out that ttrere was something lrefy odd:about me.

Jill's long.harboured suspicions surfaced' when *re,telephone woke us one nigtrt in October.r968. It was justbefore midnight and the caller was ,my handlpr, RletSchoeman, who gave the name 'Alphonso:. Jill passed thephone to me and became very, curiotrs when I iumped'outdf bed and started to dress in a hur-ry after replacing ttrcreceiver. She wanted to know where I was gOing and vhoithe man was with the ridiculous name Alphonso? When Imade some cr(cuse about a 'big story' Jill sat up in bed,angrily.

'Don't give me that rubbish,' *re snofted. iI ,dog't,think you're a real ioumalist at all, I think,you iust usejournalism for your own ends and it's something to do withspying.'

I was shmked by her perception but in a strange wayrelieved. I loved Jill and grabbed at the chance to end atleast some of the deceit in my life with her. I confessed I wqta spy. But not for South Africa. At that time I wouldnthave admitted that for anything or anyone. I told her I waga secret agent specializing in Black affairs for Forum WorldFeatures which, I added with relish, was a ClA-frontorganization. Vhen she didn't believe me, I inuodtced herto Dennis Kiley, a sophisticated South African iournalistwho had somehow found out about Forurn. He told Jill Iwas correct in saying that Forum was a cIA front -although he didn't know I had told Jill I was a CIA agenttTo convinceJill further I insisted she neeet Cecil Eprile andjudge for herself. the did so and liked the nran., The5r xero,'

186 .. INSIDE BOSS

both seneitive atd enioyed the s*ne delicate sertse of humour.So much so that Jill agreed to write the odd story for ForumWorld Features as a freelance at f,25 a time.

Then I had a luclqy break whicfi hetped me to convince

Jill that Forum really was a ClAfront. In Npvember 1968

Cecitr Eprile invited Jill and rne to dinner at his NorthLondon flat. During the meal he talked about MargaretThatcher as a woman who'was on her way up in-the Britishpolitical scene.

' .'There's a feeling in America that she could' become-Britain's first woman prime minister,r s 'd Cecil.

Jill gave me a funny look and I realized that she hadnoticed Cecil's use of the phrase 'there's a feeling inAmerica'. He went on to suggest I should interview MrsThatctrcr and write an in-depth story on her for ForumWortd Featuies.

'You know the kind of thing I want, Gordon, extra stuffsubh as which schools her chlldren go to. How rnuch aretheir school fees? Is Mrs Thatcher well off? Where does shebuy her clothes? What's her favourite perfume?'

I told Cecil this was more in Jill's line - better for awoman to interview a woman. Cecil asked Jill if she woulddo it and she agreed.

:In the car on the way home Jill started in on me.

' nVhat on earth does Cecil want to know about MargaretThatcher's financial position fbr? What kind of story doeshe expect me to write from silly questions such as how muchshe pays for her kids' school fees and which scent sheprefers? It all sounds daft to me. Does he think I'm stillworking for a little provincial paper'up in Aberdare orCardiff, or something?'

It was my big. chance and I grabbed at it with all thepersuasion I could bring to bear,

.'Don't be naive. I've told you time and again that Forumis a CIA front. All those questions he asked you to put toMrs Thatcher are intelligence-Epe pumping questions. Ofcoufs€ it's important for the CIA to know whether MrsThatcher is well of or not. If she's not' theymight decide

,i.,I,I,LL BVANS : rg7

to finance her political c?regr -*g p*h her right to the verytop of the political tree in Britain.' , ,. ,

- Puzzled, fill asked me what the CIA could gain fronr

that.

, 'A lot,' I said. .What better for the Americans tha& t9have someong q power who $'as groomed by thernl,.iiwouldn't be the first time they've ddne it.,_ Jill saw this made sense, although she didn't really belierre

that kind of thing happened in rlal tife.'But what possible use could it be to the CIA to know

which is her favourite scent?, -- -Fortunateln I knew ttris trick was used by H. J. van,den

Bergh when he metimporrant women vjsirori fr*i ou."r"*.'It sounds-a silly question, but it's notr' I said. .hagfr;

you are the American president LyndonJohnson and-yquknow you're abour to meer a piomising politician iikiMargaret Thatcher. Wouldn't it bL a tovetf gestur" to n*Aher a packet containing her favourit" p"i,rirr, tfru *i""1"you greet her? It would show that ybu were *roughtfuIand that you had done your homework., -

,.

Then Jitl got angry: .Well, if 'that's the,reason Cecilwants me to find out which scent Margaret Thatcher usee!e can go to hell. I'm not going to ask thise quertiorrs, anO idon't everi want to ao tne interview. I'm a i^ournafist.noiaspy.'

I. finally pl_acgted {il| rya begged her to do the story,saying that if she didn't it could affect my position wifrFonrm. We met Margaret Thatcher in hlr-tU(restnninsterflat,on-r9 November, and I took the photographr, iru-ir,aiT{nalist of integrity and she didn,t ast< ittr! fhatctr.r anyo.f ,h" purnpjng questions wanted by Cecil - except aboirtthe scent. She had a subtle reason for that. She iook themickey out of the CIA beautifully Uy *t""ti"l tr.;;,;word news feature on Mrs Thatcher with the-words .Shesmells of Ma Griffe . . .' Cecil Eprile got ttri -"rr"g".

---' ' '::';:

{g.o-nty child, Iillian Hazet Evans was bom in the' dlWelsh coalmining town of Aberdare. Her father iosi-E

.nEB - rt$'slDu'soss .r.

use ofhis legswhen she was a younggirl' This brought great

h*J"htp to-h"t parents' to tUe'pdlnt where hcr mother

*ufA*u"*ge orr"U pieces of coal frorn a-slag tip one mile

;*"y; keepitre famity warm in.,tt: :-"Jd winter months'

Newspapers, cinemas, concerts afid the like were too.expen-

;i*t; iiu ana her parents sirent their gvenqFs carefulty

*aivsine programmes they heard over the radio' Another;;#;;"s "the detailed dissection of neighbours and

iriends: what they said, what,they wor-er. their weaknesses

imJ rffi"ttgtht. Ii was marvellous training folJill, who

Ga"*" an"acute obseryer of peopte and a superb storyteller'

il r* only natural that she should become 'a

iggr-na1ist,

*oit i"g ntit on a srnall newspapel in Serthyr Tydfil beforE

tt"i i*ir.*" talent was spotted by rhe Daily Mitrot'-Sheaia so*eI that her photograph soon appeared on hundreds

,of ,toniion Transport buses urging commuters to 'Read Jill,E *r in the Dclty Mirrof :Taday she works as'a top-flightiournatist in Los Angeles, California'

My romance with Jill led me to make excellent contacts

i* Fleet Street - contacts who were unwittingly helpful to

nry spying activities. Even better, some of Jill's wdting

"Uifi.y"-a keen powers of observation brushed off, makin€

me a-better iqumalist and a more versatile sp-y'- She also

managed to instil in me ar awareness of that all-importantattribiite, sensitivity. This was an intangible something I.had only vaguely known about 9d was unable to compre-

hend. I had:"tw"ys recognized the people who possessed it,bqrt before meeting Jill I had regarded them as weaklings'

To me, sensitive people were whiners not winners' Theywere unable to €ope with the cruel truths of life - which Iqnderstood onlY too well.

Jill Evans, then, had a massive influence on my life and

in-various ways came to know more about me than any

. other person up to that time. And that includes my motherwholhar{ly so* me after I ran away.from Ygrksh-19 at the

age of fi een' But, true to-form, I did not-allow Jill8vanstol or.ak"tr me with her sensitivity. Instead I battled long,

Ura ana painfully to learn some of the mystique from her

so that_ I could use i1 * *oaher wbapobiii dry,e*rriou"o:,,Il l

Iearned nor to switch off when peopie bored me stif .iirdtheir_love oj9fery, elassical music, poetry or the.tr per$onal , l

pro.bleqs. I found myself listening in opln-mouttr,ed f*"i-nation. It was a new world. The iesult was devtistatin!..,I ..started operaging on a much higher level as a spy sim?lv ",, .

because I was abte to grve the impressioir ttrat'i **'"i!-aware' human being. , -:,=.1i.::,t1.:i

';: ' ;: :)'t

l5

I

WITFRID SRUTUS

One-night in early Noverirber rg6Z Jill-and tr were sittingby the [re playing the word-game Srabble.when we heard

a gentle knock on the front door. Opemlg it I saw a short,

*t6"ky man with greying dark curly hair, holding a small

suitcase and looking worn out.It was Wilfrid Brutus, a famous'political figure who was

supposed to be under house arrest at his flat in Cape Town'Hi traa escaped from South Africa by venturing out intothb vast Indian Ocean alone - and in a small rowing boat!

Excerpt from. sectet BO S S fi'Ies (2978):

'liRutus, Wilfrid Cecil Joseph. Adult ColouredMale born Salisbury, Rhodesia r4lrolryz6. Plofessionteacher. Banned for indoctrinating schoolchildren. Alsoknown to have collected old alarm Clocks to be used fortiming mechanisms in delayed-action bombs planted out-side Government establishments in the early l96o's as

part of the ANC's "Spear of the Nation" sabotage cam-paign. Brutus is banned under the Suppression of Com-munisrn Act. House arrest restriction imposed May 1965.Convicted July 1965 under Suppression of CommunismAct and sentenced to three month prison term suspendedfor three yeais. Known to be a member of ColouredPeople's Congress and the proscribed African NationalCongress. Convicted November 1965 for furthering aimsofCornmunism and sentenced to 15 months. House arrest

'restriction re-imposed on release from Robben IslandPrison March 1967. Convicted August 1967 for contra-vention of banning order by illegally permitting a visitorto enter his Cape Town residence in June 1967. Sen-

, tenced to three years imprisonment. Released on bail of

WILFSID, :ERUirt}$,' i9I

RSoo pending appeal against length qf'eeffcnci. Ah'sconded bail by leaving South Africa iUegstry,by !€a ofi.r9lrcltg7. Arrined Heathrow Airport Lon$n ou

.glrtltg6Z on British passport nrmrbered CpaoSo,i*uedto him at British C-onsulate C.ape Town on 4l9lrS7 by'virtue of his Rhodesian birttr. Allowed to rqrrain,bi,.Britain through the personal' intervention of, David Enn&iiof the tsritish Homl Office. Brutus and wife Marth4;.s;i'Coloured South African citizen, born Martha Magdalenr"Koopman, 4l8lrg34, live at 34 Stanhope Avenuei,,London N3, with their daughter Margaret CeciliaBrutus, born London 4ftlrg7z. Brutus is stitl active inthe Connnunist-inspired sporting orgaqisatioq "SouttiAfrican Non-Racial Olympie C.omrnittee " (SANROC).with his brother Dennis Vincent Bnars, president of,that,body.'

The above BOSS excerpt makes much of the word Com=munism, but there is a little-known fact which ridicules tlie' ,

South African government's claim that Wilfrid Brutus is aCommunist. The twelve-hour house-arrest order imposedon him in May 1965 stated that Wilfrid could leave his flatonly between six in the morning and six at night. This wasso that he could go out and work. But on Saturdays andSundays he was subject to twenty-four-hour house arreSt,which meant that tre could not step outside his front doorfrom 6 p.m. on Friday until 6 a.m. on Monday. He wasforbidden to have any visitors except a doctor in as emer:Bency. It was a bitter experience for Wilfrid to be a ptisonerin hiq own home, but there was something Pretoria hadoverlooked. Being locked up in his flat all day on Sundaymeant that he.was unable to attend church.

So l?ilfrid complained bitterly to Justice Minister JohnVorster by letter. He asked 'How can you, a God-fearingAfrikaner, stop me from worshipping God? I am a practisingCatholic and request permission to attend Mass -erierySunday morning as I havb alway.s done. Please reply bpforeSunday. Yours respectfulhy , ..'

rgar..'lN$IDE" SOSS"

Thisflumrnsxed Vorster. The $eorrity Police docket onBrutus, Wilfrid Cecil Joseph, deecribed hirn as a Corn-mwdst Party member and he was:bahned as a Communist.&m. Communi$s don't believe in,God. They are atheists.Sorwhat the hell was this rnan Brutus talking about? Washe denying his Communist principles? Vorster thought longand.hard on the subject en-d finatly came up with a rypicalaffwyer. It was simple. Bnralswanted to go to church so hecould" whisper secret messagps in the pews to his Corn-munist comrades.,' , I know about this caes because I interviewed John Vorsterabout it after ufilfrid Brutu$ had phoned me to say 'It's agood story for you whethcr Vorster allows me'to go toqhurch or not;'When I sdril Vo$ter in his office he said heeould not,give me a.definhe.answer as he had a 'nice littleBrlrprise'up hi* sleeve for Wilfrid Brutus. 'I have asked theSe&rity P.olice to interview the priest in the area and thecangregation, to confirm my suspicion that Brutus is not a

r$rlar churchgoer.' 'but Vorster was wrong. Intensive questioning by the

Security Police in Cape Town confirmed without a shadowof doubt that Wilfrid Brutus was a keen and practisingCatholic who had attended the 7 a.m. service at the Witte-bome Rornari Catholic Church every Sunday without failfor many years.

Vorster had to give in and instrueted the Chief Magistrateof \0?ynberg, Cape Town, that Brutus should be allowed toleave his home on Sunday mornings. Wilfrid telephoned mejubilantly with the result and I wrote a story stating that hewas the first listed Communist in South African history tobe grarqed the right to.sttend church.*

The lessening of Vilfrid's house arrest on Sundaymornings 'may perhaps give the impression that lohnVorster could be a tolerant man. Not so. \Tilfrid was givenstrict orders about his visit to church. ft was rather tike oneof, those instruction cards in the game of Monopoly whichtell ycu to 'Froceed to Pall Mall. Do not pass Go . . .'

* Joftrnesburg, Effiday E4ress, + July rg6S.

: wxtr"tr&rD,",B*Ittus . [93

The .Security Police told him : , \trphcr Srotr go to ctrurch

you walk down the main streete. Not tni sid.U.vr.-*o"turn Ieft up this street and left again at the top. .yori ao;;sto'p. You keep walking. If you Jtop you go t'o jail. you, Aonot acc€pt a lift from anyone. you do nofspeak to anllone.If Tvo-"" greets you, just smile *A k.p-*"ff.i"s, oli;l1j{e fte- ctrurctr_v_ou sit alone.-ldg" t.n r&

"*"y:ifani.ffi ,

$t9 ngxt !o you. You can speak,to God and the priestn,.butlqobody else. We will be watching. Wfren vou teave thechurctr you return home.immeaiatety bv ttrl .*r" *HI9r -yor can't stop to smell a flower, Brutus, d;;;;;Sti;;We. have timed your walk and you must belhome bt-*l*designated time. If you are not, you go to iail.'_ pilfrid'9. long battle. with tli Soiuh ifrican SecurityPglice leally started when he bpgan teaching non-Vflfriilschoolchildren. He was not surpiised that 6e apartheidtheory of uThite supremlly was perpetuated in tfie cfdrooms. But he was horrified to discbver that it also, pe*- rt

meated the children's-Bible classeq, When recitirrg pi$llrt23, the Psalm,of David, the kids had hen taugh;,0b,sry'Baas David'and whe-n referring to Jesus tfr"y LiA;n"r[Jesus '. 'Baas ' is the Afrikaans equivalent for the ,word Bossor Master; it is a term all Blacks are taught to use almostfrom birth when addressing.any '{fhite: Tfre idea is toemphasize the White man'i superiority. Bibtical

"h*".lers a1e superior beings, so they m.rst be Vhite, salcPretoria.

The sctrool Wilfrid was teaching ar was the St.C;otumbaSchool for Coloureds in Athlonel Cape Town. Wfr* n"tri{.e{ against this indoctrination of'his m"fuoyu*Japut'ils he received a visit from Mr J. H. van der ttrfesihuiz$li3,form9r rugby Springbok who had been given the cushyiob as Inspector of Coloured_schools in thJVestern Cape.The inspector shocked Wilfrid iigia ty giving ht- y*another ridiculous instruction. .Wh6n tt,i

"fuA"J" read ihe

loqd's Prayer they-should not be t"ughi; say ,;.O;,IFather which art in Heaven, but .,Th-e,' Fath&;r \ffi;Vilfrid asked whyl,trnspecror van der Wesrhuizen r"plri"J

lt:,,-rii;tii

a,

i.;.

Ig4 ' FiglDtr:3g$Sr :1':,'

rGodlodr't be a fattret of,no*White kids beceuse He ii a

White. So they must ref€r to him as The Facher''lffifrid Brunrs hated't'ke ldea of spar&eid taintingrhis

Bible in this wan so he said to hell with it 4nd taught thedrildren what an abomirrable pohcy it was. It cost him his

iob; and he became a malfted rnan. He tealized that the'S,ecuriw

Police kept him'under obserrration ffier tfrat, butit did not stop him from itanding up to be counted. Theriore he spoke out against apartheid the more the police

htrassed trim. ttre result? tFilfrid ioined the undergrouridAftican, National Congfess: I think he did thls partly outof anger but he says the'main reason was that he had corne

to realile that the ANC lvts right:':It'was a movement*hich, like him, had stanedout with dre obiective of better:irs Black

"*ditiott* and fighting apartheid legalty but had

bin O.oC underground in 3el{:'protection when the Souttr*n'ican government had mounted a Sectrity Polioe teror@tpaign qgainst it. ,

I suspect that Wilfrid Brutus might well have collectedold dlarfu clocks knowing they would be used by the A N Csr$ilitant wing for the planting of 1no loss of life' bombsoutside ernpty post offices at midnight.:But only he can

confirm that. I do know, horpever, that he was one guiltyof har,rdltng ANC dynamite: It'nas a midsummer morningIn tS6Z ana lfilfria was walking through the centre of Cape

Toum on his way to work. He heard police whistles and saw

AN C member 'Joe' running towards him. Joe thrust a thinpaicel into his hands gasping: 'The Secuiity bastards are

Itiasing me. Look after that. Don't lose it.' As Wilfrid stoodthere gawping three cops came running round the oorn€rand galloped after Joe. Opening the parcel, Wilfrid found'threJsinalt, sticts of dyncrhite' Knon'ing that the area would

.$e,swarming with police in a matter of minutes and one ofrlrem might recogrrize him, S7ilfrid thought quickly. Heknbw the dynamite was valuable to the ANC and he mustnst throw it away.

.He was standing near g'butchely at the time and thatitrninded hirn about a lost packet of meat he had once takeri

., _ \.r '': .' .. ii . .'

wrr"FRtD BRU"US . rg5

to a police station. Ctruckling to himself he dash,ed into theburcher's shop,and bonght j m of tnira-grade mince nieatsalng it was for his dog. Sttrffing the dynamtte into ttrimince he ran to the police station ,ound. the corner anJhanded it in at the counter, saying he had ,""" O" parcldrop out of a Blackwoman's shopping basket as she boifreOa moving bus. - --_-,ti

.-As. tl(lilfrid anticipated, the \fhite sergeant on duty said

'Ja, it's lo-st property all right, but we hiven't got u hiig"!e1e;so if it's not been claimed by tonight yooZ* h;;;A:I don't want Kaffr meat stinkin_g-my_ sitioii out all

"ighlj"tilTatking out into the street fVifri-a saw Security ode"*everywhere but he now had nothing to fear. fh"iev"ning,when everything had quietened down, Vilfrid cafled in iithe police station after work 3nd was glven the -."t, wfri.Areally had staned to stink after a btaling hot day. WtGereturned the dynamite to a contac in the ANi. ana **audacity in using the police station as a .safe house'becamelege4d in Cape Town,s political circles. _

On another occasion Wilfrid was at a parry in a Colouredbuilder's

liouse.1n Cape Jown. Ilil il;;.,i,rt"J;il;:ioq,_bl* th,e police raided it-after receiving complainis fromneighbours about the terrific noise. One-of the guestswasVillie, a Coloured friend of Wilfrld's who was iu"nt.O Uythe_ Security Police. As the CID rushed into the hous!Villie iumped out of the window. Seconds t"te, WfriOByTr heard a sqange gurgling noise. Looking out;-th;window he saw Willie laboriously clamberin? out of aforry-forr-gallon drum of lubricating. oil, covereJfrom chestto toe in:nessy- qoo, As Willie squllched

"*uy u"rorr th"

co.1cre1e-flo.9r11 backyard towards a thick hedge, he leftlatell-tale trail of black footprints. wilfrid did noitresit"t" ruta second. Slipping out of the window he lowered himsefinto the drum of oil up to his thighs, iumped o"r *awalked towards the'hedge carefully stepping on Willi;;;footprints all the way.

. +;""ht"t th;L-G; he deliberately stood there untit theback door opened and a constable peeped out, saw Witfrid

I

, ,.,rt ' .

rg$.rx*ror-iB-es8 '| '

nretenOing to iun arvay, grabbed ffi,and pulled him ip$ideine m.s..'tf"*ing onelook at Wil&id?s oil'covered clothinga senior police officer laughed 3nd said 'Norr jou reall. y 1rea Black man. That will teach you to try running away.'

',r", rp'Ut 'O Brutus has his weaknesses. One day he fognd-a

{ro note lying on the pavernent qn4 instead of taking itlO the local police statibn, ueated several of his political&iends to lunitr. They had a splendid.time but nextmorningrlVilfrid had trouble with his conscience. Thg followingSunday he made'a full confession to his priestjwho forgave

himrwhen he placed dlo in the churdr poor.box.,. Wilfrid is a remarkable man, arrd the C-oloured people ofCape Town could relate many more faecinating tales abouthis-exploits. But the worst story only I can tell. It all sertedin'early 1965 when I wormed my v/ay into Wilfrid's con-ffienco by writing several anti-government news stories

u'Aicn cbarly 'proved'my liberal atdnrdes. TnrstinglnWilfrid gave me-secret cover addresses in Cape Town and

Johannesburg which he used to keep in touch with histtrtderground colleagues in the ANC. I lranded" these

addresses to Republican Intelligence' and all 'tlre lefterspassing through them were carefully monitored. As a resulttfre Security Police discpvered the idemities of all thepolitical activists connected with- Wilfrid. I still have

eevdA of those intercepted letters, including photostdt

'itpies given to me by Republican Intelligence- They make'uad reading indeed today. By August 1965 the Security'Police had enough evidence, from all the intercep-ted letters,to move in on the whole grorrp. In a series of dawn raidsthey captured Wilfrid and ten of his Coloured friends.lWilfrid's wife Martha telephoned me in a panic and warnedme not to write to the eecret cover address \Wilfrid had

liiven me, She was'worried I might be arrestd. But she toldme something else:, ''\Vilf has another cover address. It is a pct office box he'srented under a false name. The police don't know aboutthis, and if they find out, at least ano*rer fifteen men willbe arrested.'

'That will u'arn all Vilfrid's other friends to $top:to the box,'said Martha.

.,.,J

wILr&lE BSn!.'U3,. rg7

-,Saytg tltiq &fiarttre Brutus begg€d me-:ro write a storyabout Wilfrid's arrpst, In the story I sho*ld,slention.rGfggt that 4" S."*iry Police had taken poesession of a pootoffice box key, , .:.. ;

wi*lhs

I did write the srory and I did mention that the pOm,had taken possession of the key.* This not only

-raod ,

lVilfrid's other fifteen political colleagues, it saved myhacon too. lVhen he was arrested, lVilfrid thought loog at ihard, trying to work out who had betrayed hlm. g;adof the story I had written at his wife,s request, he knew:,Icould not be the traitor, That was impossible. Hadn,t trsaved his other fifteen friends from certain arrest?

Shrewd H. J. van den Bergh also helped to snreryesnspicion away from me. He got Secr:rity police rinter- ",-i

iron case against $filfrid. Vhat the two men aid-not reakb

rogators to 'persuade' two of the arrested men to give ,,!evidence against Wilfrid and Co. They were Basil de,V.i,i*, ,,"';;lli

and Albert Thomas, who fin-adly agreed to give "*t*rt,;,liwhen the police showed them'proo? that they had a castL

- ,,j

at the time was that they were being set up by H. f. ,v6oden Bergh to take the rap as the 'red traitors, who hado<posed Wilfrid's group right from the start.

\trilfrid Brutus was sentenced tofifteen months, imprisos-.ment for 'furtheriirg the aims of Communism'. He sp911tmost of his sentence in South Africa's most notorjous i+ilon Robben Island. On hip release he was again placed undefhouse arrest. He continued to trust me and still vrrote torne through various cover addresses. Those letters I alsohanded to Republican Intelligence. Then the SecurityPolice in Cape Town really got tough. They never gaveWilfrid Br,utus any peace. In one four-week period Seeurirymen raided Wilfrid's flat ttrree times and turned it upsrd!down seardring for proof of his isubversionl. They {ound,nothing. - ,, ,

A few days later a qmall advert appeared io * CqpF To#* Johannesburg Sundag Express, zz Augusi 1965.

:. ]

rg8 . TNSIDE BOSS

nenyspaper.* It stated: llgterior deorating and houserepairs. Telephone Cape Town 77<t57.? That. happenedto be Wilfrid's telephone 'number.at home, so SecuriryPslice Captain D. K. Genis dashed round to Wilfrid, who$'s ill in bed with severe bronchitis. Pulling him out ofbed, Genis beat him on the neck,and shoulders as he layon the floor.l, '\f,/€'v€ had enough of you. What's this house repairsadvert all about? Is that a secfet code yop are using to keepia" contact with yodr zubversive Commie friends thesedflys?'

!7hen \Pilfrid repeatedly denied any knowledge of theadvert Genis stomped out saying he was going to the news-paper to 'get enough proof to send you back to Robbenls[aor{'. Next day Wilfrid received a telep,hone call fmm- ttronewspaperr eWe are awfully sorry. There was a mistake

'in,,our advert and we apologize for any inconvenience itmay have caused'you.r, lffilfrid Brutus knew his days were numbered. A few

'wsks earlier a nurse had called at the flat to have tea withhisr wife. The police had rustred in and charged \ffilfridwith breaking his banning order by having a visitor in hishome. There was no doubt the Security Police would buildthis up into aqother big case againsl him and he would gobaek'to prison. He was right. In late August Vilfrid wasbtought to trial and sentenced to three years' jail. Heappealed against the sen'tence and was allowed out on {z5obail.,\[lilfrid Brutus may be a tough political .warrior but

physically he has long been in bad shape. He sufers from acttronically weak chest and failing eyesight. He knew hecguld. not survive three years on Robben Island' so hqdeeided to flee from South Africa. His escape was, withoutdoubt, the most preposterous in South African history. I

, still cannot believe that trr intelligent man like tl7ilfrid coulderrrbark on such a hare-brained scheme. But it happened.

' : .* Csre :Times, t4lvly t967.

WILFRI,P:SRUf:I}S . r99

,Sefore dawn'ofl rg Oetobet t967;:{Filfrid's wife gave.him a large packet of sandwiches and tw.o l{dne bottles-fullofwater. He slipped out of his home, iumped iirtqthe back,of a furniture van, and one of his ANC colleagues, ToufieBardien, drove hirn to the first stage of a riooo-mile:,tr,ipwhich ended on the East Coast of Natal. There, \V.itfliApushed a rowing boat down a sandy incline intothe,sea.Leaping into the boat in a last-minute atrack of nelvesWilfrid shouted 'Good-bye' to one of his colleagues thiorrgft,'the darkness and rowed out to sea as fast as he,,cotfd;,Calamity. In his haste he had left his parcel of sandwicheq,and the botrles of, water on the beach. But there wds ftogoing back.

Anyone who.knows the Fondoland coast will agree tbatWilfrid'S escape Was suicidal. kt that vast

"xp*s" 6f shark-

infested water erfen yachts go missing and experiencedspotter pilots have great difficulty finding them among ttrehigh waves. Imagine, hen, a forty-one-year-old man in.illhealth, with no food and nothing to drink, drtfting out therein a rowing boat. But God repaid him for all thoJe Sundayo .

of delotion and, perhaps, for his long slruggle againot thbGodless policy of apartheid. tffilfrid's wife Martha hadslipped a bottle of vitarnin pills into his overcoar pocket.They kept him going, although it was tough

He sweated under the blazng sun for two and a half d{rsand was unable to sleep for two long nights. Then on themorning ofthe third day, as he was miles away from landhesighted a large oil tanker high out ofthe *"tei From thishejudged it w_as heading away from Cape Town after untes.tingits cargo. Wilfrid waved, screamed and shouted withorriluck. Then he used his brains. In the small portable leathershaving kit he had placed in an inside pockei ofhis qvercoatwas- a small steel-mirror. It saved his life. Holding it upagainst the sun Wilftid aimed it at the tanker's quarterdeck.,An alert seaman on watch duty spotted it antl the tankefturned to pick him up. Vilfrid,s luck really was in; ilrdC-"tanker was heading for Bahrain and most olthe crew wete -

troo ., lrtgf'l:soss ': 'i'

of mired raoe or Black They approved ofhis daring escapeso'mucfi that they had a whip-round whictr raised {r5o;:The'prlitr of an air ticket ftodi Bahrain to London.'.

',!ilgtllfrid Brutus came straigbt to my flat because f wasbb friend, By writing about &at poct o'ffice box key I hadmved fifteen ofhis friends frorn going to iail. And, of course,S..hadbeen deported from South Africa, Yes, dtere rvas nofurbt,about it. He feh he could,trudt me. Wilfrid stayedtlre night and next morningmanaged to oontact his brotherpcnnis by telephone. I took photogfaphs of the two mens$ they hugged each other during a ioyors reunion in ttrelounge of my flat. Then they went out to see a friend. Whilefrey were away I went through \Tilfrid's things arid found aemall diary. It contained several correraddrwshe intendedruing when wdting'to his political friends back in SoudrAfiica. I photographed all tbe pagee and zubmitted thern toRepublican Intelligence.

' r, .Urilfrid's dranatic escape gave m€ a front-page story.*rThe South African goGrnment had good cauie to rrc".r

\filfrid'b es€pe to Britain. Working with his brcrherDbnnis, in league with other Soudr African exiles, he wenton tc, score some of *re biggest victoriee ever against drePreCIria regine. Using tlre oiganization SANROC theyprotested against sporting links with apartheid and zuc-ce[ded in getting South Africa kicked out of FIFA, rheworld soccer body, and world athletics. SANROC alsogot South Africa barred from ompeting in the OlympicSarnes. This is important when Srou kno* that most SllriteSouth African males are sports crazry. Today Wifrid worksfor an advertising company in central London and, althoughhis weak drest causes him to be hospitalized every year or so,be's stitl yery mtlch a political activist. He devoiei much oihh epare time to ravelling round Briain lecnrring onupartheid.

Somervhere in the twelvlirich-thick BOSS file onWilffid Bnrnrs I once saw an interesting description of theman. It said he was a 'danger to the State and terrorist

* Johannesburg, Stmdry Expressr 5 November 1967.

*rrnnro sngTus. 2or

who would _use_

any weapon which suited him'. In a way,that's true. In June r97r, when the South African premiliSf I W. Botha (then Defence Minister) visited Britain,\X/ilfrid Brutus was on hand to watch Botha make a,'courte$y call' at the Ministry of Defence t"ifafq*- fo,London's Northumberland Avenue

_ As- Botha walked through the front door with a beffiof ,

South African dignitaries, Wilfrid took a weapon out of his ,,pocket and let fly. Two things happened simultaneously. Alifeboat smoke flare burst above the crowd, covering

"ulry-Ene in smoke, and a soggy, over-ripe tomato hit thE SouihAfrican Ambassador, Dr H. G, Luttig, full on the back ofhis neck.

Witfrid later appeared at a Bow Street couft, rilas foundguilty ofthreatening behaviour and conditionally dischargedfo1 one year. The court found that Wilfrid had thrown-thetomato, but I am sure this was wrong. I think rlfilfrid tookthe blarne for his wife, Martha, who had really thrown the'tomato. I say this because my spy handler, Alf Bouwer, was .'on the scene at the time and he told me Martha had throqrnthe tomato. He said he had seen Wilfrid throw the smokeflare into the air, no doubt to give the press photographers adramatic picture of the South African gtoup wieathed insmoke.

The most thought-provoking story f can tell about\f/ilfrid Brutus and his battle against racial discriminationhappened a few days after he had arrived in Britain. Full ofenthusiasm and raring to go, he asked me to photograph himat his very first anti-South-African demonJtratioir in I-o*9o.". _ftg qanted to post the photograph to his politicalfriends 1n Cape Town. It was a public protest mounted bythe Anti-Apartheid Movement against a large superrnarkelin Camden Town.'The store's windows were full of Outspanoranges, and its multi-millionaire owner was known to havesubstantial investrrients in South Africa. f must point outthat, .unless you have racial light meters in your eye.s;Wilfrid Brutus looks like d Vhite man. He does-not haidaBlack skin.

2&} . IN$IDB BOSS

,{s he stood outside t}rat superrnarket his face beamedwith delight and he was full of pri&. I took several photo-

S"aphsrof hirn holding a large protest placard bearing thestogan 'Donnt Buy Outspan Oranges.'At that moment alittle grey-haired Cockney woman walked up to him andpeered intently at the plaeard; .

. ,'lVhy shouldn't I buy Ontspan oranges then?l stre asked.,'t'Becarxe they are from South Af,rica, madamr? Wilfridpolitely re'plied, pausing for breath before he gave het agui€k le$son on apartheid:'r 'Oh, yes,' she said as she shufled away. 'Quite right too.

We don'twant oranges that have been handled by all thosebloody Blacks over there, do we now?'

ii

Excaptt from seret BQSS flq (t975): ,. , , .

'BRUTUS, Dennis Vincent. Adult Colouirgd :MaIeborn z8/rr/r928 in Salisbury, Rhodesia. One of the zomost dangerous Souttr African political fizurbs sversess.Educated at Fort Hare University Cofleg-, Cape, wherehe was inflr-renced by the Lrftist Le eurerZ.K. Mattheu,s,Brutus became a teacher. Mounted a campaign o,f hatred.against lVhite South African sporrsmen and sporii*gevents in 1958 by forming the Comrnunist-inspired agiu-tion group o'South African Sports Associationlf, Jat.errenamed the "south African Non-Racial Olympic Com- '

mittee" (SANROC). Brutus claims to be a Cathotic. Hewas banned under the Suppression of Communism,Act{r 196r. Arrested fg6g foi violating the rerms of hisbanning order by illegatly meeting Swiss journaliatBalsiger in Johannesburg. Released on bail pending aialEstreated bail and left South Africa illegally. Exrradircdto South Afrida by Pornrguese Security poli'ce in Mozam-lirque. Escaped from police custody in bentral Johann€s-burg and was shot during recapture. Taken to Corona-tionville Coloured tlospital where the JohannesburgSecurity Police foiled a plot mounted by CommunistRichard Triegaardt to carry Brutus out of the hospital ina coffin after bogus doctors falsely declared him to ttbdead. Plot called'otr by Bram Flscher when it was,diilgoygted that an agent of Republican Inpligence bd_infiltrated them. Brutus sentenced to 18, mntng i:n

16 : DENNIS BRUTUS

deverly used me as a weapon against pretoria. '-,,: ,,,, ,..,.,i.:,iij!i

Vilfrid's brother Dennis was probably the shrewdst Surttr'. .. --lAfrictrl exile I m€t in Britain. Suspecting I was a spyr: he ' :'

' -:

,1,

'i:

i:l . 2,$4 . rNsrDS 9OSS .

Robb"r, Island.'House arrested on.his release in JutI" isOs. kft Sorith Africa on an Exit Permit 1966' Settled

iti -tlonaon

where, with the help of Canon Ccilling !e re';"ti"ated SANROC. Brutus is chairman of the'olnter-

""rf"""f-C"*paign Against Racism in Sport " (I CAR IS)'

a group usedto agitate against South African sports.on

: tni iote-"tional front wtrich liaises with other similar'::::

"" ' communist-inspired sports bodies in America, Australia': ' 'ilJ N"* Zealand i""t"d'ne anti-apartheid bodies in

a close friend of lean Claude 9Pg" 9f-+" j'|:tgt"T": Council of Sport in Africa?' and through him lobbies.for

; G ntfr snppb"t of the Afro'Asian bloc aqtat9q aga{sti SA ,oorts.-Brutus is now: lecturing in English at *re

N;nd W"tt"* University, Evanston, Illinois, US4'*Vhen writing to people overseas his envdlopes bear the

i. - ,-, gnstat frankiig macttine stamp PB 627+75: Brutus is

,,:lr' l':fuiriried to sJuth African Coloured May Brutus (nee

, ,,,,. Jagger) and they have eight children by their z2ryear

r . marriage.

'r ' I That is lhe Pretoria view of Dennis Brutus, but before.I

, i gi* "

diff.t"ttt version of the man, it is necessary toexplain' ;ht,boSS mentioned the postal franking machine'he used

in America.i , -'I.*iuh

Stein is a Black from Cape Town who was banned,'iailed

aild then house;-arrested fgr his opposition to the

South African sovernment' He left South Africa in 1968'

I met him on ir Febiuary, the day he arrived in Britain

. :: ioittt ttit wife and eight children, ald mairtly becauseof this' " tnetpt"t.ott a I was*trusiworthy. As soon as-he^settled in,,t lsaiatr became very active with Dennis and tu(rilfrid Brutus:: and their SANROC organization. At thesame ttme hewas

"'" . 'ui*o active in the affairs of the Aftican National Congress inLondon

,, iir Dennis Bnitus is still lecturing at North western university.,i . 'g4l*; itTr ;;-y*r coottu"t expiredin mid-r98o he was rriade a Life' Ptofessor by that institution

DSNNtE: s.stJf,tlg..' pps

,:To earri a livinslsaiah took a iob,asadef{t,at Heincnmn , ,

E&icational Booke;.in Cliarles Street, MaJ&-ir. One of his ,,:

duties was to look after all incoming androuryoing poet. l

Visiting him in his basement office one day I,s&v.,sevqallarge brown envelopes on his desk. They were all addreesedto people living in South Africa. Ir was clear these wete notconnected with Heinemanns. Next to them was a post{franking machine. It did not take any great pbwers of deduc-" - .

tion to work it out. Isaiah was posting letters to $or*thrAfricafor mernbers of SANROC or the African.Nationd '

Congress. By using the franking machine rented ftorq . 'r,ijiithe GPO by Heinemanns, Isaiah was saving his polhioel, ,'.':,iifriends the cost of buymg postage stamps - a considerable t',,

saving when twenty letters are bein! sent by air mail. ,,':,,The letters were cleady being sent to cover addressee:in ,::,t,

South Africa. ft was impossible to make.a nore of all &oso _ '.irvital addresses; so I did the next best thing, I took the ,''u;;franking number of the rnachine, which vras (NO B5g". ,,i'"r"f,

report to Pretoria warning them to watch out for any letters .,1$1f,fr

arriving in South Africa bearing that franking number. ''.;They did. All were intercepted and photocopied befo,re :

Every envelope fed tt"rough the machine bore this number '.;,;ir

iust tmdemeath the siamp imprint. I submitted an urgent ' ',,

being posted on. Pretoria kept watch on this franking num-ber for nearly two years and monitored all the letters posted l'itby Isaiah and his friends. When he reads this, Isaiah will ,', iiircalize why some of his political conracrs in South 6gt1u* i ' , , itwere detained, banned or house-arrested during that period*-.

ftr. J. van den Bergh instrusred me to extend this idea by ,r

drawing up a list of all companies in T ondon which errr- ,

ployed known enemies of South Africa. This was.dorre in :,the hope that they wbuld also use their firm's postal franking . '

,,:

machine when sending mail to South Af,rica. Then H. 1; r , ',:.;l

van den Bergh realized there was yet another spin-off from , ..

l iall this. I was told to get the code numbers of all the poslal. , r'

,.tt,

frar*ing machines used by Fleet Sueet's maior newoi , .',papers. Most of, the newspapers have full-time. corres-pondents working for them in South Africa, but some also

::1..

so6 . INSTDB BOSS:.

lrave extra,lstri4gersn who subEit !€rys on a part timebasi,* The identities of these So.uth 4frican stringers areofteq kept secret' for obvious ressons, But ttrey haie to,beoer$icheques as payment for the stories they have sub-miuedn md that was what H. J.,vur den Bcrgh was after.Any:leuer posted to South Afriga by a Fleet Street news'paper, was opened, The name of the stringer appeared onfui cneque inside. Also enclosed in the letter would be apaymeni slip which itemized all stories the stringer was

being paid for, with the datee ion which tlrc stories had beenpgbtished. From all this H. J. van den Bergh was able to.tpqnpile a list of the secret stringers who_ regulady sent or$news stories embarrassing the South African goverrment.If the suinger was a British subiect he could be given hismarehing oiders, If he was a South Mrican his telephonecould bs bugged and he could be harassed if necessary. Ong &w oc-casion$ some of the'Fleet Street newspapers wroteto their stringers and asked them to write special feafluesrdcls on a particular subiect. If it was, potentially con-troversial H. J. van den Bergh could take steps to make surethe stringer did not get exactly the story his newspapErwanted. \ffhen I defected from Setrth Africa, BOSS wasqti[ uslng this franking code trick and I am sure they are

still doing so.

, The excerpt I have included from BOSS files on Dennis

,:Brutus clgady shows that the South African govemmen!*reeards him as a Comrnunist. I have no proof *tat he was

oii" "

Communist, and neither has Pretoria. They bannedhirb under the Suppression of Qommunibm Act withorrtglving the public anj :proof wh4tsoever- BOSS did not

:.believe Dennis was a Catholic. Yet after Dennis left South' .Afr'rea he was granted a private audience with the Pope in,*re Vatican. I wonder how Ptetorib will combat that awk-sard it€m of information? They can hardly smear the (then)Pwe as a Communist or a Comrriunist dupe-

i,it e tti" bro*rer \filfri{ Dennis Bru-tus is a fascinatingcharacret. Not only is he ao able writer and.a talentedpoet,

:t\

, with four published. boolcs to his irediti,ho:aho,,tn$o lmdegree. Back in 1965, when he heard thst JohS Vorster hadallowed his btot&er to gr to church, Denni$ aei6epptidfOrpeiniission to attend Mass on Sundays. Vorster,reff!$* Ifthat sounds absurd, somethingeven more ludicrousoceuf-red. Dennis lived in Port Elizabeth, which is +8S ffi(ZZ6 krn) from Cape Town dnd, being under house srx€&.was unable to visit his brother. In the banning order Vortilefhad imposed on him, a clause clearly stated he must rfttcommunicate in any way with Wilfrid. Yet rVilfiid's,bd!!*i,,ning order specifically' stated he could communicate \r.i&i.Dennis. This meant that when Wilfrid telephoned Detul&,,he could tell him all the family news, but Dennis !a$ stallowed to answer.

please the liberals and leftis* and make them trust,me sF;}'':$

I may have been a spy, but I stilt had a sense of humourand couldn't resist poking fun at this nonsensical state aifaffairs by.writing a story on the subiect.* Some governrnentofficials \ilere not amused, but my spy-master, H. I. van derri^Bergh, didn't mind in the least. He knew the 4ory woulrl ::,i

the mor€; , ,''

I also wrote about another example of bureafCriiticstupidity. Brutus Street in the Port Elizabeth Gitouieddistrict of Gelvandale was named after Dennis Bruttrs inrecognition of his services to thecity. Yet Dennis's banningorder precluded him from entering drat streer. ' '

\ffhen I arrived in London to start spying I tried toinfiltrate Dennis Brums and met him for lunch in-a qrsaf, l

caf6 near St Paul's Cathedml. He was quite frienrlly at firstbut then became rather cool and aloof. I do not know,if Isaid something which gave me away. Only he hlorrs thatBut he kept me at arm's length, end try as I might I gotnothing from him. Then, about a year later,,he startedgrving me items of news about his SANROC sports groqpand the attacks it was planning to mount against $qrth,Africa. I thouglrt this was valuable information, not urtyfor Republican Imelligence but also fot the Smday gxprds .

* Johaonesburg Sunday E*prex, 18 July 1965.

i.,'r';ffi' INSIOg Boss:il.:ll .

g Johemesburg. I cabled dozens of stories given to me byDennis Brutus, and all were pubtisHed prominently. Writ-ing such anti-government stories suited me perfectly. Notonly did f earn money frorn them, they also hllped tomaiqtain my vitally important cover as a liberal journalist. Ittook years before Pretoria got wise to Dennis and when theydid I got another nasry blow to rny pride.

' , '.Dennis Brutus has been using you in a very clever wayr'ttrey told me; 'Ve are worried that you have been writing

ri propaganda stories for his SANROC group and its sucli,,, cesges. The worst part is that you are proving to Southi:,t' . African llryks that Brutus and his exile friends are working:' hard in Britain against the South African govemment.',r,, This really was a cunning ploy by"Dennis becausel,' ' Pretoria goes out of its way at all times to convince the,,,' $outh Afritnn pubtic that political exiles in Loirdon are,:,'

:."; eotrlecting funds from the British public to fight apartheidi' ' but are really using the money themselves so that they can1;, . cgntinue tg live in luxury flats, drive expensive cars and

'atfeld trendy left-wing cocktail parties. It may sound silly,

, Vhites, and it makes the Blacks of the country feel they are. being betrayed by their own people in Bfiain., While spying in London I was kept well informed about

Dennis.Brutr.ls and his activities. From time to time Pier; Schoemail gave me snippets of information which had been

,:l : monitored from the telephone at Dennis's home in NorthI 'Lbpdon. f do not know how Pretoria obtained these details,but I do know that BOSS did not bug his phone. I did not: ' - keep a record of all the snippets given to me, only of theones I was asked to follow up.'These show quite clearly thatsoineone did bug Dennis's phone.

In 1968 a telephone interbept disclosed that Dennis wasplanning to take up a position as a lecnrrer in Denver,Colorado. Piet Sdroeman told me that, on hearing about

' this; H. J. van den Bergh had sent a full dossiei to theAmerican Central Intelligence Agency warning them thatDennis Brutus represented a securiry threat to the US

prisoners in South Africa,; The.CIA said this rniey.l '.

been channdld through to South Africa Uy CanonC&lff---'..rInternationd Defence and Aid Fund in -Imdo g6,t,g6, ..:i.:.t

defence oasts of Black politicat aamsd.

gorrerffirent if a.vba.Was issued to hiftij. ttib docsi€ri$biqd"d the fact that Dennis hed been a d*gate t tre""r*"at;'6 iiutbTuJil"fi;;'-ffi1ii;'bffi ,,iireplied by telling Pretoria they knew aUout Ocnnis beinqin Cuba and added something pretoria did not knm. I j "-

1

While in Cuba Dennis had met Fidel Casrno 661:.fu6 r,:r:obtained from him a{rorooo granr for rhe .relief of poflitigd

:,,

Slrortly after his information from tlre CIrq,, a$o&Crtelephoneintercgpt on Dennists discl6edtdrat'hahad been interviewed by an official- at $e American Efihbass'y in London in late 1968. The official told Dennib thsrthe Pentagon was 'aor happy, about hio appfiotion-forovisa to enter and work in the United States.-

- Another te{ephoae ifitercept on Dennis,s telephone t

about this time showed that he was angry becaue ttreAmerican authorities were repgatedly Aeh;iis dr i*i,*dfhis visa. He told sornsrre (identity:not 6ro*- to rc) .Icould,raise an internatioml srtink abou this by rccruiiingthe help of my friend Sean McBride and the firternatiomfr!o _rry

ofJustice " . .' Much later the American governmeot

lnally dqd"d to allqilr lenais Brutus a pricautionarythre€Fmonth visa renewable every three months

In another telephone intercept Dennis Brutus told some-,one: 'I was privately wamed by an Ameriwr offidal thsE.my visa would not be renewed if I started agitatingpoliti-cally in the United States.' :

_ I1 June r_@ my handler, Piet Schoernanr gav€ trre Idetailed bacJcgrounder on Den"is Brutus ompled fromintelligence files in Pretoria and asked me to type it outafresh and give it to somefle at the American gmbassv inGrowenor Square. f cannot rernembc why pretoria wanted.me to do this. I visited the American Embassy on Monthil,3o June, and had a chat with Gerald E. ,Cair,

^ldeKayr:.ff ,,

Assistant Army Attadr€, in his officq "oo* "rr-l*,iog,

'1

:/2,r9 i-rNgtD8 S'OS8 ' 't

6n the foui'th floor ofthe Embassy. I showed him the rgporton..Dennis Erutus and told him it was all my work. He.handed it to his secretary, Patricia, and she made a photo-copy ofit m once. I

Another telephone intercept had Dennis telling someonethat dre British Liberal MP David Steel had warned him'that his telryhone waq 'tapped in connection with his publicprotest against the Queen attending a British sports meetingiaJuly 1968'. (Priorto this, on rz July 1968, Dennis Brutus,.accompanied by British Labour MP Mr Frank Hooley, hadhanded rwo letters in to Buckingham Palace asking theQueen not to support the Amateur Athletics AssociationChampionships being held in London. In addition, Dennisand his bmther \Vilfrid, along with Peter l{ain and other'enriled South Africansi had mounted a public demonstation4ginst the eharnpionships held at \Fhite City on 13 July.)' Another telephone intercept I was told about disclosedthat the then leader of the British Liberal Party, Jeremy

'Thorpe, had asked Dennis Brutus if he woulil consideretanding as a Liberal candidate in the British elections. Inthis telephone conversation Dennis Brutus was heard tellinga friend that 'Mr T*borpe tells me that if I decide not tostand he will have to choose Learie Constantine instead.'Dennis Brutus did decline and Mr Thorpe then approachedtearie Constantine, the former West Indian cricketer.

Another intdrcept on Dennis Brutus's telephone showed .

that in July rg6g, after a visit to Algeria, Dennis had flownto Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and while there had met Henryde'Bruyn from South Africa. Mr De B*yn, a former ANCmember in Port Elizabeth and Johannesburg, was thentraining as an intelligence officer at a camp in Tanzania,.and he had received his initial uaining in Mosco-w.

Dennis Brutus still fights the South African governmentand its continuing apartheid in sport attitudei. The lastetory I wrote about him disclosed that he had mastermindeda plan to stop Muhammad Ali, the world heavyweightbo4rng ctrampion, from makin! a visit to South Africa inrgZj. In early February of that year Dennis had heard that

li ii',':i!::i)ili..;l:i]

:: i:ri.:rl

:il

Ali:was planniag to fly to Souttr Africa to box in twoexhibition'bouts, to raise money for Blackjeehools. ' :i

Dennis immediately flew to New York and lnterviewed ' 'the Loulsville Lip. TLe picnre he painted of South,Africa I ,

was very bad and Ali started worrying about the advisabiliryof his proposed trip. Shortly afterwards Ali flew to Londidts. :r

on a business trip, so, to press home his point, Dennis tele-phoned Chris de Broglio, SANROC's London-based pub:.licity officer, and asked him to educate boxer Ali ftrttrer ',rabout apartheid irt' South Aflica. Mr De Broglio had a - ,,brainwave and instructed another SANROC memhsrnamed Omar Cassem to gatecrash Ali's suite at ttre Hilton, i

Hotel in Park Lane. Mr Cassem, the owner of a successftrlbuilding company in London and president of the BritishNational Federation of Master Painters and Decorators,was chosen to approach Ali because he had been a Mrxlirn,'priest when he lived in South Africa several years earlic

Muharunad Ali was not annoyed when Mr Cassern in-vaded his zuite. The two men talked for nearly an hogr;rduring whidr Mr Cassem told Ali that any improvementsforBlacks in South African sport were'mCre window dresering for the outside world'. As a result Ali cancelled,his tripto South Africa. It was an srcellent news item, so,I nnote a,story on the subject.*

In that story I quoted Muhammad Ali on his suddenchange of mind. 'I had decided to fight in South Africa,'he said, 'because I had been told, while I was in Zaire, that ,

conditi,ons had improved for Blacks in the Republip. Now,I.have been convinced that conditions have not changed atall.'

The cancellation of Ali's uip disappointed thousands ofSouth African fight fans, but SaNifOC was overioyeiland South African exiles in London celebrated by holding aparty to toast Dennis Brutus's dramatic iuccess.

Dennis Brutus hates any form of discrimination, and the .best way I can describe this is to relate an incident whrcll,'

* Johannesbrrrg Suttilay Express, 4 May tg71, headlined: .Bann6dPoet Told Ali: Stop SA Trip.'

;,.

?r2: Il{sr}B B9S8

oeeurred while he $as serving his.eigfuteen-rnonth serrtenqe-

Qne afternoon the commandisg,officer ordered Dennis tq.be brought to the main office. roring the worst, Dennismmbed his hair as he was being escortcd ttrere. As he stoodto attention before the big dpsk the commandant handed

lirn a cfieque for {r5o. With it was a letter stating he hadwon the money as the first prize in a Nigerian poetry com-petition. Dennis was iubilanr. The money was despbratelyqe€ded by his wife and:ehildren, who' to put it'starkly,

- were living on the breadline. But then came $'loom. Asfunis ran his eyes over the accompanying letter he noticedsono€thing which caused him to hand the cheque back tothe commandant. ol'm sorry, sil, but I must ask you to return *ris to the sender.'

\Fhen-the astonished commandant asked wh5 Dennis'poimed to a'clarrse in the rules stating the poeuy contest

hd'only been open to non-Whites.' 'Well, that's'all right,' smiled the cornmandant, 'you /

ace a non-White.? Shaking his head, Dennis rcplieil,. 'It'sutre that i'm classified by Pretoria as a Coloured person,

but it's not all right. The contest was not open to Whites.That makes it racialistic, and I will not associate myself-withanything of that nature.'

The much-needed cheque was sent back.

',,', | "--

" ' : ''

17 ; .BOSS 15 FORMED

and lqalized by parliament,

Features.

.'t::_1

'South Africa's Nen'Gestapo'wus the description giwi r

by the Bridsh journal New Stmeww when the Bureanof ' ''";by the Bridsh journal New Suawmn when the Bureanof ' :', .iState Security was officially fot'med in May 1969 W ,t rl

General Hendrik van.den Bergh. But it was, in realiryr f1.6t :,. 1

the old Republican Inte[igen; nerwork given a nedffi ",

'''";

litde diferene to me or other agents in the field Most,ofus kept the sasre code numbers, the same handlere, and l

collected the same information, but we were told we couldgo heavier on our expenses, as BOSS had abut {m.i:|,million to play with rn its first year. (The Sourh A&icarr :,::.public Was told the figute was_ less ttran a quarrer of that.; . ,

For FL J. van den Bergh, however, it meant he was suddenly : ::.::,

elevated to South Africa's spy-master number one. He: . ,:

became the overlord of all intelligence networks, includingthe Army, Navy and Air Force, and was answerable only @ , ,,,,i:bPrernier John Vorsfer. It was a trehendous promotion, se !I wrote an in-depth pmfile on'South Africa's New StmngMan' which was published worldwide by Forun Xforld i,i

BOSS was allocated a magnificent headquarters cr{od :,'JConcilium in central Pretoria, and all the senior offiersand desk men who worked for Republican Intelligene .

moved in with all theu files. The new narne BOSS msde . li

I-knew about BOSS being formed as early as 19 April1968. On ttrat night I secretly met H. I. van aen gergd inroom 856, or 658, at the Growenor House Hotel in Londonand he mentioned that our new spy agency was being ..,:

organized. BrigadierP. J. 'Tiny'Venter, the executive hpad i:,

of the South African Security Police, sa1 in on the coavdrtd; -

tion, but not for long. I made an enemy of him.that,qigdiiij . '

First I complained about the mix-up Tiny had caud with

' aT4 - INSTDE BOSS

Fiet Schoernan when I first,'atrived in London' Hl tacdbllysolved that by saying it dernonstrated how well SouthAfrica kept itsiecrits. Then I criticized Tiny for moving in

", too quickly whenever I submitted a report on anyone' I'' pointea out ttrat so many bad ttrings qrrickly happened to

'South Africqns soon aftur they met me ttrat this .wouldinevitably create suspicion. In particular I mentionbd the'names oi t*o iournalists in London, Dennis lfiley* and

Iohn Goldblatt. who both received official 'keep-out'letters-fmm ttre South African government within weeks of my

reports on them. I said this kind of banning-ryas- stlly,beiause neither of them was a Communist and I had onlycasually mentioned in rny repofts that thcy'were anti-aparth;id. HJ turned to Tiny and said 'He's right, you

tnow,. , .' Tiny became quite petulanland left the room,clairning he had to telephone a friend. This suited rye per-

r ,feetly; f fif.ea HJ and Le always told me fascinating'ltilp,:t. rrhen we were alone. We were so close ttrat oncE for his

l., y.oung daughfer's birthday, I bought 'Randy'-, a-uansis-' '' iorizJd dog from East Berlin which walked, barked and

wagged itJtail by remote control whenever a whisde was

blown. I will never forget how tKe two of us got down on. our knees and played with the toy when I gave it to him.

I shudder to think what one of'his vicious Security Police

intenrogators might have thought on walking into HJ?g s6ssthat day.. As I sat in the Grosvenor House'Hotel bedroom H. J.van den Bergh told me not to waste any time subrnittingreports to Pretoria about -Amnesty International (the

London-based human rightsbrganization, founded in 196r

to aid and draw attention tQ the plight ofpolitical prisoners

in all countries). When I asked why, HJ said 'Our American&iends know most of Amnesty's secrets- They have in-' * Dennis Kiley was the first journalist to be fined under the Prisons

Act when in rgeo he exposed the fact that several Black prisoners diedof pneumonia in Modder B Jail because of a lack of blairkets on a

bittErty cold winter nrght. He is now syndication editor of the BritishFinmcial Times.

, :.

, 8odg.:'tsir'FoRMED'2Ts

filtrated it so well that in several countries@.riin A'in€$ry

\firhen I registered surprise HJ srniled in a pqfieqn{ tpay.

'ff you,ttrink about it, the CIA would be snrpH ifi$eydidn't take advantage of an organization like A,rrngsy{:'r ,'

He then cducated,me briefly on the subiect bV poidry:r'out tlrat Communist and left-wing activities wer€ a pm!$&-,,'in most ountriesand that activists were being arrested 4S,.,iailed every day. HI said ttrat the leftists could be'ooq$.t.mended Or one thing: tlrey went out of their way to renaNfi -;

loyal to any conrrade who was iailed. ,:: 1'

"They agiate on his behalt they arrange escape, thery

look a er him whm he's released, and they never fail to,usghis imprironment for polirical propagmda purpoces.' T,'his"said HI, was why the CIA was $o clwer in tlsing An . '

By infiltrating its groups in virio"s cqustri€s thc CIAharvested a huge amotmt of information: who'visitcdpolitical prisoners, who financed ttreir defence in ourt, who '

paid for their appeals, who agitatd for their releese and:"-ilho orgmizea &iapes erc. rrIJ. vsn den Bergh said &8tthe answers to ttresL and otlrer questions ofteo unmaskd

, many ottrer Communists, leftists and people 'used as toob

groups.and use 6enr to their own ends.'

by the Communists'.HJ smiled as he told me how the CIA had floated a

highly successful rumour that Amnesty was a KGB-frontorganization formed'to aid C,ommunist prisoners in vari-ous.p.arts of the world. Vhat amused HJ mwt was t@his own propaganda experts in Pretoria used this ffir€rumout whenever an Amnesty feport criticized prison con'ditions in South Africa Apart from pleasing the CIA, ttilshad another good effect. It proved to the South Afri#lvoter that the'Communist'mena@' was a very real one and

. helqed to takg the domestic heat out of Amnesty's repofuon South Africa. :

'

' Ending his speectr" HJ told rne *tat some of drc snippemon Amnety sent to him by the CIA often had looe t*x$which sometimes aeedd tyrng up. If I tiked h€ wosldscdilrsome of these to me rcgularly &om Pretoria. F*lscinl&d gt'

: :-'

. "" .l:,i

INSIDE BOSS

the thought of receiving regular ClA-sourced inforrration,I told HJ I would appreciate that. He kept his word.Within three weeks of his returu to South Africa I was sentregular iteris concerning Amnesty. These were deliveredto me by my London handler. In some cas€s there was arecognizable South African angle to the information, but inothers I was often unable to work out why the CIA hadserrt the snippet to Pretoria. Some were so remote Iwondered if the officer in Pretoria who was designated toeend them to me had even bo*rered to read tlrem.

I received hundreds of iterns about Amnesty from 1968to tg74.Whertever I was able to give Pretoria further detailsor ansrffer a question posed I had no further need to keepthe snippet and burnt it' But when I was unable to answef,

a query-immediately I kept the information in the form of-brief lmernory-iogging' notes. To give some idea of howinrich B O S S knew about the confidential affairs of Amnesty'rn many parts of the world, particularly London, I give a,fw of the many snippets BOSS sent me shortly after HJreturned to South Africq :

A professor named Michael 'Mike' Pentz, who was acomputer e)rpert, had once started a night school for non-Vhites in Reueat, Cape Town. He had left South Africain 1947 after an attempt had been made to have him prose-cuted for forming the Cape Peninsula Night SchoolsAssoclation. By attending classes there, most Blacks would.have been breaking the Urban Areas Act, which precludedthem from entering certain areas.

Mike Pentz had settled in Switzerland, where he hadbecome active with the Swiss branch of the Anti-ApartheidMovernent. BOSS told me: '\0e had it from a good sourcethat Pentz had applied for a post at Cambridge Universityau_d- it was suspected by our section that his motive was toinfiluate himself into some nuclear research prograrnmebeingconducted there under British government authority.'BOS S added that it had passed this information on to 'theBritish firm' (British security) and the application by Pentzhad beee nobbled 'on seorrity grounds'.

: ;,, 't

: ,', ,. . ::,'' I . ;1 ,'

BOS$ :I8, FORIMID . ?Iz

Pretoria rvanted to know from rne tf profiissor pentz wasconnected with anti-South-African exiles in London, be-gayse it was known that he had .visited Cuba in Janusry{iu yqr' (rS68) and anended the cultural congress theri,where he had become friendly with Dennis Brutus,*dAlsr La Guma, both banned under the Suppression ofCommunism Act in South Africa._ -Jhe*next message I got from BOSS on the subiect ofMike Pentz was in March ry7o.I was told that professorlentz was now Dean of the Faculty of Science at the OpeoUniversity and that he was fliendly with Canon Collins sfthe Defence and Aid Frrnd. I wag asked: ,pentz was livilrgat a house in Henley but has now moved to an,address neaiMilton Keynes, Buckinghamshire. please obtain full ad-dress.' At about this time BOSS also asked me to find outhow friendly Professor Pentz had been in Switzerland withPastor Pieye Bungenar, a founder member of Amnesty...{t another.stage BOSS sent me this *err"ge .on a

different subject: 'Amnesty claims it will not adopi:or helpprisoners who have advocated or been found guilty of actgof violence. If this is so, pleasd find out wtry Cotourea ma6Adult South African Subject Gborge peake, who served 4$entence in SA after being apprehended in the act of plant-ing a bomb, gets {3o a month from Ampesty.'

^Acting on this request from BOSS, I ta&n*y quizzedGeorge Peake on the sulject. As it happened, I kneW Georgequite well and liked him because he-had a gr€at sen o, ifhumour and was a superb storyteller; lte tola m"fr" i"iasked Amnesty for financial aid because he had defected{roqtnleNC and gone over to the rival Black movement,the PAC, which was very short of funds.

'The {3o a monrh I get from Amnesty is actually piaidto me by Amnesty man Peter Benenson as a private donationout of his own pocket,'he orplained._ In_October r97r BOSS sent me this snippet: .A Miss S.Goldberg- of z Fisher Hou9e, Ward Road, London Nr9,was involved in the sale of a bronze horse and esrne antio# .

African weights from South Africa at Sotheby's and Co,

218 . rlt"BtDE'Boss

"4 New Bond Street, I-ondoilt" dt 2 lglryll^'The bill number

#';il. i;*-c"rauog b corrirted *i*'lrygr*Tmnd'oo itta it it suspected she is sending money to a ltlscK

ili"i"-t" SA. question: Can you ascertain wtrere *te

ffi;; South afr-ican weights canre {rcg oliet""uyll*'il;;;; t;Atoss-seot me this: 'A Mr and Mrs c'

M;ffii;/r3i'overbury Avenue, Beckenham' Kent' ar9

ilffi;; H# rrom rsr-aet in coanection with a political

J*"#.ft"re. The above addrese is believed to be a cover

ffffi;;Ji;;;d of the Amnestv addrees'-There is a

3;;h A;icall connecion. Please check the Beckenham

iJJ"ot.;i-*"". to this address and a neighbour told rne

;il'M* i[u" ln"ttt^"tt' an Amnesty worker,lived at tbe

address.':ffi, rlreceived anotherlreqgqsq from Boss which,t*I6ei"-g"u" Mar,shall went to Nor*ay frcn septemrber

';i;,-tt* year and while ttrere her contact number was

'ixio isee"d. Pkase'ascerrain r€6son for trip''-It ifr"igir B0SS sent me this: 'Airthony Mascarenhas'

" ilJJ-S';;d"y Tima iournalist, telephone number 969

;5;;;;6;, 6s tora Am"estv $a1 lre is disturbed about

ifii"o.y choosing a man narnei Brohi or Broni asiliiuiib'so.i*"e'r"*yo. (rot full:baekground serc- Guardiovt z+l8l

i9i;j M"t":r"ttttit has told Amnesty, as long as they treat

itt;itit the 'umtost confid€nce', tliat Brohi or Broni is not

i" t***i"apofitically. Query: Is Mascarenhas suggssting

that tsrohi is an intelligence operatrve/-* l"-OJoU"t r97r trbSS sent me this: lOn z'ofgltg7t'

ttt"-t*f" "t e*tiitqft London office was opened so that

certain documents could be photographed' The personwho

aiJr" ** "t-ule to'close the safe door properly so he left

il*iat "o"n

ana to allay suspicion against himsdf' opened

ruu*"f *ittdo*t in theoffice' Query:-Did the Secretary-

C"*t"t suspect this was an inside iog?'' -

' ;,i-** uttaute to aoswef this quesdon, but BOSS later

ibnt nre its own answbr q'hich stated that when the

i:*r*"y-General had returned t9 hi: o$-ce and found tlre

;-f" 6& ht naa presumea that he had left it so himself'

BOSS"IS,SORMBD . 2I9

Brrt he was angry that the staff had gone home leaving allthe windows open overnight, and nort morning, he hadposted a security notice up on the board warning,all staffto make sure they closed the windows before they,$rsrthome in future. BOSS thought this was very humorous. .

In March r97z BOSS sent me this: .Kathy pick was irward ten of the Vestern Hospital, Fulham, London, sufer-ing hepatitis. Vas visited by "John" of Amnesty fuiFebruary. Please confirm if John was John Humphreys asthere is a South African connection.' Later, I received afollow-up from BOSS which stated: 'John Humphreys onrolzlrgTz wrote a very confidential letter to J. D. R. Kellyof the United Nations High Commission for Refugees at14 Stratford Place, London \Vl, asking for informationabout four South African Bantu. They are: Moses Siqotho(alias Nkomo), Nimrod Mabija, Max Mngomezulu andFred Mahlatini. Query: \Vill attempts be made to get thesefour to travel overseas on a United Nations grant viaLesotho?'

I, also received this from BOSS (date not'Rebecca "Beckyl' Babcock, from America, now at Afl-nesty office London. $forks in the Research Departrnemand is friendly with john Humphreys who oversees theSouthern Africa Section. We have Babcock's address as:7 Richmond Crescent, London Nr. It is necessary for usto have this address confirmed without any possibility ofeffor.t - :

I checked the address. ft was nor correct. I reported backto B O S S that Rebecca Babcock had moved to r iz LeightonRoad, London Ntil75.

In early r97o BOSS sent me this: .Dick, N*.y,Graham, White Female Adult banned in SA and now inBritain. Does not work on staffat Amnesty's tondon officebut is known to be.using their address as a cover. A letterarrived there for her,recently. Contents involved leftists inSA. Please investigate.'

BOSS also sent me *ris (date unknown): .Fattrer

Cosmas Desmond author of the Dhcarded eeojte book by

-::-

t,,1 1 ,' ''zi,O . INSIDB BOSS

Pene-uin' has been adopted by the Aylesford Group-- ofamioty. Monies for him are sent to Kate Rorke or r- Hlgh-SGi,

Ayfe"Ard, Kent. Sheis the only per$on who knows

G-id;#iy of tie man $rtlo pcts c conduit for cgsh to

Desmond. Please investipte.' *= l" i*" or July tgTz I received t5 f"o* BOSS:

'steptien gubb, c/o 19 Gladwin Close, u7igmore Giling-hdm; Kent, is connected with Amnesty donations to a*r"i*".r convicted in Pieterrnaritzburg Natal, in Aprili"ir- rft"". donations art :seot to "Medway Towns_rt__Amnasty lnternauonaf Group." More details if possible

please.'' BOSS also sent mettris (date not known): 'Stella l-oyce'

believed'to be a merrber of ttre CIA by South Africanoolitical activists in London, has left Amnesty to run a set

;;k";;; "The Prirnitive Pmplers Fund"' Not to be

;"ftt"d with Stella Sweeunan, an Amnesty wor,lt<er noyrrarried to John Cavill, a male White South African iournal-irt Uutba iriLondon. Query: Wh9 is spreading the rumours

about Stella Joyce being a CIA operative' Is it Barney

Z""f.on, "

So"rnafrican activist nowliving at rz'Kidderpore

Gardens, London NW3?'BOSS had some fint with the Spanish Secrniry Police

tn ry72.:In that'year I was asked to 'clreck on a wolnan'

itr"-ot o"g" I gbt from BOSS clearly indicated to me

tfnua *t"* rt* tio South African connection' I was told

d"i *ytt i"ii gteaned'on the subiect wolld be 'p'assed on

;il hi*i'. ii.nnadrid'. This is what Boss told me:

1In earlv rszz Mrs Thelma E' H' Pahahi, of4 The Grey-

lands, High Iiickleton, County Durharn, con1rctg{ 4P"*.qtqi" *li

"ttE wished to write an article about Spainrs Segovia

'ititlt a-""t"y's London office wrote back to her' in a

'ittt"t dated February tg7z, sayingthere was no reason why* ;-;"id; on Segovia Piison' and a plisjner there named

Iq.. S*aoval, sfiould not be published' Then, in this letter

*MrDesmondwasappointeddirectoroftheBritishSectionofA-;.]' t" J""" rgzp *i now lives in Lndon with his wife and two,children"

BOSS ,IiS:rfGB*tfE ! aAI

to Mrs Pahahi, Amncsty told her somethirg whictr b ofgreat interest to Madrid. Direct quote from Csnncory teltesfollows: trBut, because of Amnesty's special ntci--i;trshipwith the Spanish government, which allows Amnqsty grgupmernbers to visit their adopted prisoners in prison ,itrigimportant at this time-that Amnesty should not be sontnected with publicity about pi,ison conditions in partiqrlarand especially those details whictr we are able io garhqthrough the visits. trndividual groups do call attentiori tsthe situation of theirbwn ppisoners - being careful not to$uggest that the infonnation has been acquired throtrgh evisit to the prison. Ve are, however, ptanning to do.a maiqrprison report in future, when much of the material sent tous by prisoners' familie and friends will be .brought to *resufface'."Etc....'

BOSS wanted me to d,iscover when the maior report onSpain's prisons was to be issued by Amnesty. This iequestpuzzled me greatly" as, if BO S S was receiving regular higtr...level information from some agent or agents planted inAmnesty, why should they ask me, who had no frielrds inAmnesty, to obtain information about its confidentialatrairs?

In February 1972, BOSS sent me a long message con-cerning Mr John Martinus Ferus, which showed thatPretoria was remarkably yell inforrred about the activitiesof Amnesty mernbers in Germany. BOSS told me: .Ferus,

John Martinus, Adult Coloured Male alias '.Hennie" of14 Hamner Street, Worcester, Cape Province. Member ofthe S.A. Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU), detainedon r/ro/1963, released on bail 3olrz11963 after beingcharged with sabotage astivities connected with the AfricanNational Congress. Charge dropped January 1964. Servedrvith banning order in terms of Section 9(r) of the Sup-pression of Communism Acr (Act U of r95o). In April1966 he was prosecuted for contravening the banning order.De&ils of his banning are relevant as we understand Ferusis to be visited at his home address in South Africa by anrerrber of Amnes,gy. Yet his banning order makec thib

tt?' INSIDE BOSS ]

proposed visit illegal. Ferns'soatinues to.be rbstricted to-noifo

"o*t in terms o663rgneryious banning order.'.

.

BOSS then gave me details about the-proposed-visit to

M" F*"- by a"member of'.Amnesty' They stated: 'Our'iJon:iatiot is that Herr Clenrs-Rudrger yon Hertzberg'

a memO.r of Amnesty Interynational, is planning to visit

F*os:No ofrcial teqttot had Ueen made in this connection

ua J" tt" rherefore-anxious to know when Von Hertzberg

i, intenaine to travel to South Africa' Our indirect source at-nir""tty

"6ota U" open to suspicion !n this specific case so

;;;; it" "ootltty detaile to help you guard against

anoroachine the wrong person during your investigation'-

s'"{;;?".- rtt" fol-lowing: The German Section offfi*.y-i"i"*atiortal (Gtoup 45) had the case of Ferys in

ir*j;*" time but Von Hertzber^g of that group moved

"**tht-a*"otv Group zo8 in Wolfhagen and retained his

il;;;; Furus. otbup zo8 closed-down. in Novernber

ru"".*ft* Von Hertzberg moved to Munich and took the

;ifir hl;;t h him. He rri uen in contact wittr the mother

;"F"*J;;tilG made contact tur Ferus with the

S#i.h A;esty Group. Von Hertzberg also arranged for

;f#;e ; his to visit the mother of Ferus to make arrange-

;;;i; i"; Ferus after his release from prison' The identity

;irh" friend is known to us and during his visit' discussions

ili*J;;n the sublea of Ferus lelving South Alrica

#ti"."trv. But when Ferus was released he confused

ffi;;#6 *"H"g it clear he had no intention of leaving

it:Thi.;"t "ppit""trv based on the wishes of the girl-

friend of Ferus.'^';i;e;;"4"i of the swedish Amnesrv-lroup' one Herr

Stenhan Rosenstrom, subsequently met Von Hertzberg in

Iifii"h "tta

,f,"v discussed-what was described to us as

:;ilil ;.p"1 to be taken in connection.with the Ferus

;;. According to a letter sent to Martin Enthoven at

ffi"G; i;idln, datea 7 p I tg7z, from.Theresia Becker

of Amnesty Group +S iiS r4ffitras5,]Aldorf 6o83' r$fest

i;;6t, H"t" noii ii6rtzbergand Herr.Rosenstrom will;;;;rffi;diti"

"*" of the Ferus case" although Ferus

: r.{ 1.,'')riti:l

. BOAE t:glFOA*tBD . 2Zg

$tiU does not wislito leave SA. Von HerEberg now says hewill make personal contacr with Ferus ,"Eefore l;ng"during a special visit to South Africa., *

In 1973, BOSS sent me this: ,Abraham, Eric Antony,White Male South African subject, a student, aged 19. $fasNational Chairman of the '(National Youth Actilon ,, {n rgTtand a member of NUSAS at the Universiry of Cape Ton*n;Problem child. No,w working for Amnestyin Briiain. Lastknown address: 4e Southfield Road, Oxford. Telephone&602.Has a friend David King living there.'

I asked my London B O S S' handler what . problerh child'meant, and he replied 'ft's a BOSS euphemism foi ayoungster who refuses to spy for us.t Eric Abraham waslater banned and placed under house arrest when he re-turned to South Africa (see Chapter z4).

From time to time BOSS even sent me photocopies ofdocuments which had clearly been taken from Amnestyfiles in London. I burnt most of these but still have sonne,One is a photocopy of a l6tter senr by Mrs Tracy Ullweit-Moe to a Mrs Jean Etsinger at the Brazil Herald, Rio de.Janeiro, dated rr February r97a. BOSS also sent rneregular copies of Amne*y's monthly surnmaries, whictrwere c_learly marked 'Confidential'. I still have one (num-bered r4z), which ourlines all the aaivities of Amnesty'sstaffmembers in London and the projects they were investi-gating in varioirs countries such as Iran, fndonesia, Sudan,Tunisia, Morocco, Greece, Turkey, Paraguay, Cuba andNorthern lreland.

BOSS also kept me informed on all new members ofAmnesty and their firll home addresses, f still have the .Listof new mernbers' for Decembet tg7o, which names forty-nine people. This will probably cause consternation inAmnesty, as they are said to be particularly security-conscious about disclosing the names of members. BOSSsent me this list for an unusual reason. Amnesty member

* BOSS intended to arrest Herr von Hertzberg if te visitea fvfrFerus, but this plan was dashed when someone iarried VonHerebergnot to take the risk

-*-

f,',',::,,,.1

F!,i'l;',r'

2a+,rt{s,lD8'aoss ":,

sunber :33 nas listed s MrYtct.or ${g1cy of 4s G!6-il; R"fr,'ctti"oicL, r,olrdon W4. B0SS wanted mgtofind

-out if tfris was th0 ftimous Sdrrh African actor/

p*arrot Vi",o" Mellenery, oroue of his relatives' It was not'

The cstabtishm€nt of BO'SS led to one of tfie most slrs-

t{in€d outcries in South African tristory, with protests

aa*rt"g f,rom advocstes' profe$ors' politiciaos' ctrurclrrnert

tod fi5€ral editors. at the time I wondered what thesc

people would trave'said if thcy ha{ loourn about dre ultra-

@ Repubtican Inte[ig€nce having op€rated for the

previouc tix y""ts.: ffrr olficry agginst BOSS caused Precrier l-ohn Vorstqto

"peoim a thilrrnission of Inquiry-into S-tate Security and

A;ii;;;"i s."t* seorilv. er* tttlg wa"'C great confidence

tick peredred on the Southr Afrieari public' It"'was so

suscdsful that in lat€r y=aq VYst$ trse{ the.sary 9"k i"dr st€rnpt to saft his politicat car€er when ttrc nlnforma-

tb"n Scandtt' started eruPting.' :fh" Coiltni$sion of tnquirv into BOSS rras cariied outbv Mr lustie H. J. Potgieter. He was chosen by the bdoi goSS, Generat H. J. van den Berglr, and approved by\Ior:ster. S.oi* BOSS operatives in ttre South AfricanEmbssy inTrafalgar Sqlrare allocated him a room whichtrc 6{tli use as an-offici

ln *o not long before Potgieter askd to met iournalistagwt Rorn whb was apparently something of a luclry

&tutot- tVtt.tt Alf Bouwir told:me about thb I refitsed

frnt-blank. The last thing I wanted was a grilling by a

irrase. Alf told me not to lisd in$€c'ura--' isiU r€fused to eoePotgieter, so Alf Borwer told him Iwas away od leave. .Ivlr Justice Potgieter's report was com-pl€tedfr; August, r97o and tabld in the House of Assembty

' bgtrtgt mo"tt* tater in Febnrary 1942, Orae of the main

rdommendstiotrs be made was: "llo prectude any po6'

sibilitv of abuse and to secure public goodwill and con-

fid€n;, it should be made clear beyond all doubt that the

Bureau?s affivities will at all times be resfficted to mattenti

BOSS IS FORM&D. 25that have an actual connection with the Security of theState,'Jhe repgrt_went on to say that it should equally bemade clear that BOSS should never interfere in thE privateconduct of persons, their business activities or their potitiotviews 'except insofar as these are of a subversive irature'.The machinations of B O S S subseguently proved, withouta shadow of doubt, that Mr Justice potgieter,s recommend-ations were not worth the paper he typed them on.

In August 1978 BOSS officiatly ceased to e>rist. The"name 'Bureau of State Security, was changed to ttre'Departmenr of National Security, (DONS): This wassimply a cleansing ractic to get rid of the hated nickcralndBOSS, which had become synonymous with skulduggeryall over the world. The South African government is cleverat changing names and phrases. Vhen the word apartheidbecame disgraced all over the civilized wotld as meaning'Apart Hate', they started using the phrase .separatidevelopment'. \Fhen this in turn became despised theychanged it to lmulti-national development'. When overseasnewspapers refused to fall for that phrase, Pretoria startedtalking about 'plural development', which was probably ttiemost cunning. Mr P. W. Botha, the present South AfricanPrime Minister, has come up with yet another. In August$Zghe said that South Africa was a multi-national societyand that the principle of 'vertical differentiation' between*re racial groups was accepted. I'cannot give an officialo<planation of that new term, but I know what the Whiteswho vote for the South African goveflrment will make of it.In their language it can be translated into the 'standlng"difference'. Meaning: 'we Vhites will rernain upright andthe Blacks will still be kept down.'

Vhen the initials SB, for Security Branch, becamesynonymous with. torture and general mayhem, it was in-sisted that it must be referred to by newspapers as theSecurity Police. The name most hated by Blacks in Sor,rthAfrica is the Bantu Affairs Department, because it rulesevery aspect of their lives. By the mid-r97os the Black news-paper Posr courageously started referring to the Deparun€nt

. a ,: , ', ,1i,.

' :',?fi' utef,Dt EOss :

bv iu initials, BAD. To theeatreme annoyunce ofthe Sorthei"tlo" thistdsrodwas-imffediat€ly adopted

, bv ttre tib.*l press. Pretoria'thought they were very shrcwd

- ii uay 1979 when they changsd the name to tlre more

{ri€ndly-souoaing'Departnrcin- of€o+peration *d P:t' .veloprnent'. But-they didnt win. The Blacks now call itCAD.

' ordered not to use the word rnulti-racial' It suggests a

minsline of races. And that they iiefinitely do ryt wa$' Aluxu"ry d'toogt"t hotel, whictr b now ellowed to admit those

' . uery iew Blacks who can afford it, is now referred to as a

'multi-national' hotel and any sports between Black and

White are'multi-nati,onal ganes','Treat with caution all thme r€ent claims by tlre Souttt

Atraa$ Pr€m{er Mr P. V" Botha that he is a nrore nloderate' , naawhoiskentobreakdown amanwhowould' : like to give the Black maiority a better deal and a man who

ls sor;thing of a reformist, trying to educate his tough

Afrikaner followers into a new flexibdity.It sounds good, but every single South Africari Frcrr1ier"

h.as used that gag in an effort to gain zupport-frocr theEngtish-speaking-White voter and in the hope of gettmg 1durable nerr image for South Africa overs€{ts. I've heard

it all before John Vorster said it when he made his famous

'give us,six months' statement in which he indicated thatSouth Africa would abolish rae discrinination. Butaothing rrally changed:

Vha:tever iw p. W. Botha says and whateve he claims

he intends to do, I guarant€e one *ring. He will nerter, butnever, agree to any form of genuine power-sharing with th9

Blacks insiae Vhite South Africa. And ss for Blackmaiority nrle, tlnt is totally inonceivable. No, Mr Bothais playing wittr words when he talks about reforrn' modera-

ti'on and flexibility.. fer i*t like the spene in Atice Throryh ttrc Inohins.'Gbsswherr Alia asks Humpty Durnpty about his misleading use

sf a certain word.

'i. . .':-'. 1 .: {l l:,:.-:, '.- '. ":r:

BOSS tS FORMED . 227

'Vhen I.use a word;' Humpty D*p* igptied rathcrscornfully, 'it means iust what i Ooose ii ti m&m-,}.l.iiGmore nor less.'

When Alice asks if words can be made to menrm rs,s i

Firg!, Humpry Dumpty an$wers ,The question is, whichis to be master, that's all.' r,:, ,

It is the same with the changing of the name BOSS.,[jDONS. BOSS has not cfrangei. i is stru *.-"sno.-frostof the men I knew still work at the same desks, in tfre saua .headquartere, keep the same files and get up to the s@c _..

dirty ricks. Reputable newspap€rs night keep that in mindwhenever they find it neesary to refer to South Africg's'new' Deparment of Natioaat Security. BOSS, I as$Gr,ethan, is still alive and well. And very much kicking.

t8

I

' I l;r' ir' '

WINNIE MANOELA

,

Wiirnie Nomzamo Mandela is the wife of Nelson lvlandelar

tfrJlr;fti"* National Congress leader who is serving.a life

;d;il Robben rstand'lail for his part in the'RivoniallArirpr".vl ihe South Africa4 goverryelt hates Winnie'

ftr*ltt" h", ",

the most dalrgerous Black woman in the

**i .y. ttte maiority of Blacfts qee her as somelhing-of a

io* oiet" firuri. Should rwolution come to South Africa'i{"d

-uanl"u would almost certainly be the chosen

t*a"t,of ,ft" Blacks, and his wife Winnie would be the\first

lady of the land.'"Fr"toti" has tried to frame, bribe and harass Winnie for

u*tt, U* she avoided being iailed for a long perigd.b-11

ioi*i" of f"ck and the supfort of the undergroundi-NC*tri"tt *t*uvs made sure she had the best lawyers possible to

;;F";e h";: A tall, good-looking and articulale woman ofmt y-t"u"tt, Winniellas been repeatedly subiected to deten-

tion. house arrest, restriction and vicious attacks on her

hq#. Since her husband was first iailed eighteen yeals aC9

H" tru*U*n free of restrictions for only eleven months' A;;;id worker with the Child Velfare Society,.she wa9 fi1s1

;;;J in tgz. At one stage her banning order ptecluded

ftJfto* communicating with any other banned person, and

*rat included her husband. During their twengy-two years

of*oiug" Winnie and Nelson Mandela have only lived

tosether for two years. When he was not in iail he was on

thE run, operating underground or raising funds overseas'

ann pio-inent Bhck who opposes apartheid in South

ef.i"i is immediately labelled a danger to the State, or aterrorist. Winnie Mandela is no terrorist. Of that I am sure'

But I dq know she operated an underglound anti-apartheid

borp. It was the onty way she could fight against Pretoria

li

'.WINNIE TtsANDET,A . ?29

31rd. by -d9ing so give supporr to her hrlebaadh African

National Congress. . :,' _,: .r ,

I first met VZinnie Mandela in 196r at a discrest multi*racial party in Johannesburg held by Rand DaiXg MaiIlibrarian Sue Deas and photographer Aubrey Kushnsr-Winnie and I liked each other and she gave me a small,tinlapel badge bearing a photograph of her husband,s: fac-e.At the time he was a fugitive and kept popprng up all o{rd;South Africa rnaking political speechis and vanishing againThis made the Security Police look stupid, and Nelson Man^dela beeame the prime target on Pretoria's list of enemie$.,,,

Winnie Mandela knew I had many friends,in Soweto andalso knew that I had helped four men, three of them Btack,to flee from South Africa i[egelly. It was understanda,ble,then, that she should trust me, panicularly after I wasdeported from Sornh Africa. One of the firsi things L didon arriving in London was to write letters to her. Her firstletter to me started 'My Dearest Makaza . . ., GordonMakaza was the pen name I used when writing articles f,or.Black newspapers in South Africa, and I was well knonnr by.&at name in Soweto. Mahnza is the Zulu expression &rlcold'or'frosty', and Blacks chuckled, at the idea that I haddeliberately chosen it to take the mickey out of my realsurname. $(linnie and I wrote often to each other over thefollowing twenty months and I still have some of the letters,in which she asked me to do certain favours for her inLondon.

In one letter Winnie Mandela gave me a clue which ledme to discovef that a Black reporter named Owen Vanqahad spent several months studying journalism in Cardiff,Wales, and,that he was connedted with a well-known SouthAfrican qrile there. As a result of my report, Owen Vanqaspent more than a year in solitary confinernent when hereturned to South Africa.

Through my correspondence with Winnie Mandela I alsofound out'that Peter Magubane, one of South Africalsfamous Black press photographers, was helping heq in he

\r. . , . .: '. ': I -. t_

a3o' rlrstDa soss

,tpctctartl-apqneia rctirid€.,I,tnew Peter Wite w4l and

tEJ ili*.}", that didn't stop me betrsving hiq to^

Brpmria: He spent a total of 586 dsys in dcention, mrch ofit.in solitary .qonfi nernent

- !a gnother letter Winnie Msndda tnrsted me with arc;;'oover addiess ,iscc uy'Joyce- Sllakano a Black

Furnalist orr the staffof th+ Rrrrd Daily MoT in'Johannes-

[,utg. l"yo was born on :4 tunq r943r. matricrrlated: and

*dr6& a degree in politicat science at the University ofS*tih Africa. e nan*omc wnnn, she had a good political

@<gxound, as her grandfrtber ws the late Revemd A' lrl.Sikdane' a founder creober of the Afiicao National C.on-

gress who was one of thousands demined during the Starc

6f gtn "gB".y

declsred in Mardr 196o afinr the notorious

Shamerd[e shoodnss. As a result of my spying' Joye spent

*tr.titm momhs in &tertion- She fled froin South Africaiady in July rE6 andmarried a Sordsh doctor, KennethRankin-

In anothe letter Vinnie asked me to send her copiis oftbe British Anti-Apartheid Movement's regular newspaper,tlrc Anti-Aptheid News. These could not be sent tolVinnie's home address in Soweto because she knew theSaurity Police monitored all her rnsil So she sent me a

$ecrEt cover address in mtral Johannesburg. In all, Winniescmmethree oover addresses- I gave them to South Africaniqdligen€' and all three were careftlly rnonitored by the

-Securlty Police. It was found that N7innie also used these

addresies when,writing to her &iends in tlre political Y"d9t-Srcrlnd. It was a long and painstating for.thgS"otritv men, because many of the letters Winnie reoeivdwercsifire{ bypeople usingassumd orodenam€sBt$ P;toria i".i*rtv placed squads on theirtFtum ddfesses and eventrrally all were identified'

By May ry6g H.J. van den Beqh believed he had tbematCogt of . big show uial agafutst l7inrrie Mandeldand her

Dotidcal associates. Nationwide dawn ss/oops were made byi.-A Security Pote and more thrn 1fu16y pgople were

detained for interrogation. Being the wife of Nelson

";. ,. . :rt,i' ._ ,..

it:

wrNNr*ff*tcl!3!-.r. E:F,.Mandela, Winnie vns the 'priza'capturc, Fm &st neanothe police did not dare tornrre her in a way trhieh.left a4y-marks on her body. Instead they made her sit in otrpgg{ignfor neady'two days while teams of interroguors, tlw-ftrnfion a shift basis round the cloch quizzd her. Thls di&oriented her tremendously, but she did not crack. Neitltru:did Caleb Mayekiso, one of her detained friends. He diedduring the last hours of May 1969, his body officially beirgfound on r June. The official expluration was that he hcd'collapsed 'and died while in police custodt'. Inqr*stverdict: 'Death by natural causes.' Another friend ofWinnie's who refused to talk was Mictrael shi*t* Hediedliust before midnight on 16 June 1969, the first nigtrt-ofhis detention Officiat elplanation? IIe had 'commft&dsuicide'.

Paulus Mashaba, another asociate of Winnie's, erackedin every sense of the word. After high-pressure torttrre md,endless nights without sleep he was a broken man, and-lt€signed a statarnent incriminating Winnie. Sorne indicationof the shame and anguish he zuffered by his betra5al can bsgained from thg fact that after he had sigrred the onfes$iodhis mind bnrke down. He was taken to johennesburg'sWeskoppies Mental Hospital in zuch a state of disorienta-tion that he was unable to speak coherently. Today, PaulusMashaba is a free man who,wanders round Soweto aim-lessly, ar-rd if you speak to him he grves a vacant smile. Hedoesn't f€rnemb€r a thing about his past. The peo'ple ofSoweto shake their heads sadly at the pathetic unkerupt'figure. They call him 'Mad PauI, the man-who was sentcrazy by the Shit Buikem.'*

H. J. van den Bergh's Security Folice interrogators zuc-oeeded with some of tWinnie Mandeta's ftiends. Afterelectric-shock torture to their genitals they signed onfes-sions and agreed to appear as Starc witnesses. A big showuial was then mounted with the help of one other maa FIewas Philip Golding, a twenty-six-year-old eoonomics gradrFete frorn the UnivErsity of Wales, who had emigrat€d to

* Black slang for the Sccurity Police.

5'

232 ' INSIDB Boss

South Mrica trlrg6T and was'workin-g as a labour economigt

itr *re Soottt African Chanrber of Mincs'--

Cotai"n *as detained on 17 May, a few days after Winnie

m""i"f","*J iaken to Se6urity -P-olice.

headquarters in

i;it*iul*fto" he was tornued- \ffhen-he signe{ a c:T=

iliilt"i""ti*i"ating \ilinnie Mandela he was placed in

GJ;u,tty confinJment for nearly threerreeks' rI".Y1*

not allow€d any contact with his lawyer, friends or British

;;rgil ;ffi"iuit, *a to keep his arrest s€cret the security

i,"rio or""d him to write a ietter to his sixty-nine-farlldil;AM;; Winifred Golding, in-Britain giving the im-

;;Ji rh;; he was a free man and was fit and well' '

"';;;;;;;.i. later, on r December tg69' virytieM*d;; wus utoogttt to 'trial with rwenty-one of her

iitliiJ,"i".r,iaft f"to Maeglan3, Jovce sikakane and

b;;?fi;;*"ittt"" peoplJl hadspied on from lT0?"'il;;;;d faced uenry-one main t!qg:9' dlgflq in;

"-"i"i"n-tft"ir membership-of the banned African National

C"igt?t" Ctt" tti"t "uttt"

at the right time for Pretoria' as

tlre government was preparing foi electioqs aqd it would

be used to reassure to-" tttJit*t W-hite voters that the

So",fo ifti"an police could cope with' dangelous eleme:rts "It did not nrrn out quite liki that, however' The evidence

riu-""-Li tft" State witiesses was faltering-and weak' So was

i;;-;"td";;; liven uv Philip Golding.' rdro clearlv uied to

il;;;;-li; iflegal activities in which Vinnie and her

;ildr-h;d Ueen iivotved. The State abandoned.the case

;d;i,ilt"* all charges. The iudge told the accused: 'You

i'." *q*""a.'II. J. uln d.o Bergli was furious and ordered

all rwenty-two accused to be detained again at onla lheVw"t", *a tnit caused a nationwide o-utcry' --Stud919marched ir protest arLd 357 were arrested by police called

in to quell them.-'enlt -ei"G his e-vidence Plrilip Golding regrnl{ 1o

il;d;;.Th;iext thing r heard was a message from H' J'

van den Bergh saying I should find an er(cuse to rnter'vrew

itldi;;,;"rt" rtia Jbviouslv plaveg. some kind of double

;*;T i"toui"*"a GoHiirg ai tris mother's home in

wrNNf$.:l;l*upr,* - a3:R{glan Gard@ Orhsy, Hertfordshire, in tr*ly }aornryrg7o, and he was quite udlling to talk to me dSiI said irepresented South Africa's Black magazine blCIn.Iibmgdeonly one r€quest; my interviemr shorld be m r'#{he.firord' affair during whictr h€ vorld'talk freely as lorry"ct.'promised to publish uily tb orrments he apprcr'eiitiii*i:rWhen I agreed to this, Golding relued and talkcd like amsc*rine gun. Yes, he hd held back quite a lot of informscltion when he had givert c*'iderrci aginst Vinnie lVthrldbl*r'and her oo-accused. In fact, he had cwtmiftd periury bydelibffitely lyrng in oourt When I asked him why he-tiadtold these lies, Golding explained: 'By telling thern I wxsignalling to the accused in dre dock that I had been torturedimo rurning against thern, and that despite my we&reec I'was going out ofmy way to help tlrem as far aswas t"r-.dfpossible.'

Bdo're I werrt to intervienr Crolding I had been bfiefed bySouth African intelligence that during his pretrial int+rogatios,Gotding had admined bein*g a

"iemfer of 'thel

British Cunmunistkrry. Yet H. I. vat d€n Bergh wm nowdoubtful about this. I was tsld that HJ had 'checked'wirhLondon' but Golding's meinbership of the CP had ncbeen confirmed

I asked Golding why he had told his interrogators hewas a Communist when he cleady wasn't. He replied: 'ALieutenaiit Ferreira was the rnain torturer when I was beingquestioned in a roorn at Cornpol, the Security Potice head-quarters in Pretoria. As I lay on the floo.r at one stage he'.kicked me in the face. I knetp I had to say something to stobthem hurting me or I would crack completely and giveawayeverything I knew. They kept shouting the word "C,p6,,munista" at'me and this gave me an idea I put my handsup in zurrctrder and shouted that I'd had enough andwanted to confess to being a mernber of the British Co{fl-munist Party. This was absolutely urtrue, but it wprkedAt once they stopped hittiqg me and asked if I would eigna statenest mnfe.ssing to being a Commtmist To th€rt igwas worth a ton ofgold. Theyhad captured a setf-eonfessed

434 . INSIDE;,8osS

Blitish Communist, and this'sould'be brsught up in court

as,a g,rrilt-by-association smear ggainst'IFinnie Mtrndela and

ttre;'ther atcused.' r' .

: Golding told me that ag,soon as he had .ign4 his Corn-

munist co-nfessionthe torture stoppecl, He added something

ilse of interest: 'The Securiry Police were very unlucky

when they swooped on Winnie Mandela, because they iust*irr"e unotfter group ofANC rtrernbers whowere operating

wrJ*g*""a ifparallel with Wnnie! srou.r''-t I submitted ali this information to Pretoria, and Security

Pollce interogators stefted a fresh ryavg of torrure against

Wiotti" and -her twenty friends. Livingstone Mancoko

and Victor Mazitulela broke down and signed confessions'

ffriifr.*nir and other infbrmation he had picked uP, H' J'vaqrdeo Bergh moved in on:Winnie and her reniaining

.inht""t frierids yet again. All nineteen were charged under

ttie Terrorism Act* on 18 June r97o, and their trial was set

down for z4 August r97o.-ln. J. van'den-Bergh was so determined to setde his score

on'ith'fuinnie Mandela that he was even prepared to sacrifice

onu'oi ttir favourite agents. He sent a message to tne inLondon saying I should prepare to fly to South Africa toappear as.a surprise State wimess! He also arranged for a

lararyer workingbn the preparation of the State's case against

Wir*ie to stai compiiing all the evidence I could give to

tlre court.Aft.t instructing the lawyer, HJ mentioned his plan to

the Premier, John Vorster, who turned it down flat: '\X/e

can't risk using Gordon Vinter as a witness; he's a man

wi*r criminal convictions in Britain''

* The Terrorism Act, No. 83 of tg67,is the most powerfrrl weapon

nossessed bv the south African police, It empowers them to arrest any

i.*"" *U. t * committed actJ or has conspired or incited such acts

i"iricn coufa 'endanger the maintenance of law and order" The Act is

i"l*Jv a.n"ed Itrat almost any opponent of the Soutlr Afrigaqi.ni*. .i" be arrested without a warrant, detained for interrogation

;tfr-i;;;l;;.[tary confinement without access to any court, lawyer

;i;i;ii;" for an indefinite period. Children are lo! exempted frouith" e"t qn{ if they fall foul of it, are treated as adults'

!iil,rit

WINNIE; MA'NDBfie ' 235

ft was cold, brutal logic, and HJ realized it,wes true. If fwas disclosed as a secret agent and gave evideirce against animportant person like.Winrrie Mandela, her defince teatnwould obviously question rne about rny part inthe lIl.eldeckkilirfg and my smange relationship with the Richasdsorygang. This would definitely lead to further questions sbltmy past and wtrether I had any criminal-convictions. Fsfsome reason H. J. van den Bergh had not considered thisfactor, and he had to cancel his plans to call me as a witnesgThen he got another shock.

Winnie Mandela's defence lawyers had somelrow heatdalong the lEgal grapevine that I was being considered ae,6witness against Winnie. H; J. van den Bergh found ortCabout this because one of his Security men had managed toplant a bug in a room used by Vinnie's laur5rers when theyinterviewed her in connection with her defence. Accordingto the bugged conversation the defence lawyers askedtWinnie if she had ever been in contact with me. t!(Ihen slleeonfirmed,this, they were horrified to discover she had alsosent me several of her secret cover addresses. Thgy toldWiqnie that it was abundantly clear I was a secret qgenrforSouth Africa. Winnie defended me initially by pointing outthat I had been deported from South Africa. But in the endthe lawyers managed to make her see sense. I was definitelythe traitor. The rumour quickly spread in legal circles that Iwas a spy who was flyiqg over to give evidence againqtVinnie Mandela, The rumour also spread to journalists inJohannesburg.

NowHJ had a very sticky problem. He had to find sonneway to protect me, and the only way he could do that wotrldbe to discredit totally the rumour t{at I was flyingrgsgft 16South Africa as a witness against Winnie Mandela. The oldfox did it beautifully. To stirt with, he sent me a message inLondon saying I must go abroad for a holiday in late July:'i(tglo) and return to my London flat iust before WinnieMandela came to rial on z4 Augusq. He told me to dranr{zoo o<penses for my holiday, and all he wanted me to dowas to send as many postcards as possible frorrrny holiday

eg6 . lxetoa. Bo$s

place to dl my fnends and ionlanHg ooilcagues in lohgrnps-b$ ,,A paid holiday suited mc.fne. I sao still living withfil gvaas' and earlier in the.5fdtr shc had booked a smallvith'ip Fuengirola in Spain durif,g the month of July. Jillhadalready arrangedairtickits on a drarter flight for herselfagd ner two young sons. I was not.ableto iget a seat on thesarne flfuht, Instead, I totd Jitl I would drive from Britainto Spqin in my car and meet her in Spain., On Uonaay, 27 July, I dmve to the feriy at Newhavenandsailed to Dieppe. I drove through France and Spain andarrived in Fuergirola on 3o July. I stayed in the villa,with],i11 and her two sons, Paul and Simeon, until r r August, andthen the four of us sailed to Tangier for two days. Vhile inTatrgierl sent an avalanctre of postcards m all my iournalistfrieqds in South Africa, tdhg thern I was having.a lovely*ipe in the Casbah... * tfrs postcards started arriving in South Africa HJ gothis disinfurmationmen to ddiberately add fuel to the rum-our that f was on my way to South Africa to give evidenceagain$t Vinnie Mandela. The feeling amongst liberal

;ournatisa in Johannesbprg at that time was that m] post*cards from Tangier were a bluff, aimed at covering the factthat I was secretly hidden away in Pretoria. I still have alerter inmy files whictr showa that ttre hysteria reached suchpgoportions that my editor" Johnny Johnson, was also

T@'f.ried. The letter was from hirn and in it he warned meabout the rumours he had hsard. He nbde no bones about.i!. I was seen to be a spy who had been Winnie Mandela'smntact in London. My holiday in Tangier was a blind. Iwas really in South Africa secretty' waiting to give evidenceat Vinnie lvtandela's trial.' H. J. van den Bergh's disinformation trick was runningnnoo*rly.

:On 16 August I returned to England by ferry and drove$raigh up to Sheffield, to stay there wittt relatives until the.nigtrt of zr August, when I drove back to London to attenda party. ,The party was held on a barge near PaddingtonStation by Dick Walker, a forrrer Johannesburg iournalis6

itlif:li

!

and serrcral South Afticen exiles attended.,f,'f leA,maze-mem when the exiles told ne the '.incredibbdiAour':tliAtI was supposdl to be in South Africa waitingto sive Ari- ;dence against Winnie Mandela in two aais' UIne fo . '.;

ggrsthen_mV +!i I had taken a good friend to thefu;, , .,riThis was Derck Jarneson, then a smior iournalisr wtdi: . ,,tl'i;Smday Miror,later the editor of ttre British Daily ErorlxB. ,, ,,,:: ,lDerek was a close friend of Jill Evans, and he t t"i, witfrolii i..:,,doubt, that r had b*n-;iriT;H3ffi;ifi,1l;X#H 'r'o*lanyone had asked Derek he would have confirmed this. Rlt 't'as far as I know nobody did. The rurnours were obvi6@f.'.ridiculous. The same attitude was raksr in Johwhen Winnie Mandela came to trial. The people who haispread the nrmours looked snrpid. Winnie and her defbdie ,

lawyers knew different. But they could hardly say anythingas the squashin_g of-all the rumours left them witfrout a t{to stand on. HJ's ploy had worked well, The upshot of thewhole thing was that my name was never mentioned. at*Vinnie's trial and the Sate's c:ne was weaker without meas a'drarnatic eecret witness'.

_ Most of the charges facing Winnie and her eighte€nfriends at that trial were exactly the same as those on-whichthey had been found not guilty at the first trial. All nineteerrwere acquitted yet again and released. But they were notfree for long. Shortly afterwards the South African govern-rnent placed the lot under banning orders or house arrest..Ifthey cant get you one way they find another,

When Winnie Mandela was acquitred, H. J. van denBergh's 'Dirty Tricks? department* planted a rumourround Johannesburg that \Vinnie ,was actually a BOSSagent. That'explained'why she always got acquitted when-ever she was charged. The main reason for this $'as tofrighten other Blacks away from any connection withWinnie. H. ]. van den Bergh was determined to stifle thbpolitical life out of this rroublesome woman. The DirtvTricks department made life miserable for Winnie Mandelain many other ways. Whenever she found a job her ernploycc' * Division C3 of the Bureau of State Seanrity (B O S S).

INS'IDE BOSS

received a discreet visit from thp' Security Police' ''\ .a

*rJi. tn" f."ot finding hErself out of work' HJ also got-S;it;;i ii"ootiuttucks on her home in Soweto' I do

noi fr"n" a full record, but my files- show that in r97: a;;;;* found lurking in her backyard' In October

ioZt"*"u"dy broke into her home' on 17 November r97z

#l;;;tJlen. Two days later, three men broke into her

ilJ;d.;i"d to strangle her in bed. In October 1976 she

*r Auiui*a again. On 4 August 1976 a petrol bomb was

;ffi;;hficliher windbw. No wonder Winnie ba*icaded

ilor"lf i" ft"i home every nishl an{ got herself a tough,'-Rideebact

dog to guard tire backyard' Yet in the midst ofarTnit trt" tt"?

"qi lost her sense of humour' To give the

S."*ltv i"tice detectives somett'ring to really puz'7le gbnt'i'

;h;;;tiJ the dog Knrshchev after the- Russian leader' It**" C"**""iJdog, she said, when detectives asked her

*fint ii.;AoA it hat6'fascist running dogsi she added'---il H. I. van den Bergh got the last laugh' On r6-May

,;;,-;;; u*i"g order iesricting Vinnie to the Orlando

air"tii"t of soweto was altered to festfict her to Brandfort,

;;A iom itt the orange Free State, thirry miles-fromgfffio",uin and a five-hour drive from lohannesburg'tfti *a.t was sewed during a dawn lar4-and Winnie was

il;;th; immediately wittt uU her furniture' The police

t* it u dog Krushchev tied up in the backyard without any

fooa on *ut.r. He was a Cornmunist dog who deserved to

;;;." J;h. As luck would have it, a neighbour heard

ift" aoe whimpering four days later and he was saved'--Vffii"',,"*oual fto* Soweto meAnt she lost a fzoo-a-*o;th ,ob in Johannesburg. It was impossible for her to-d"J*oir.

in the tiny town of Brandfort, so to avoid the em-

ffiuS*""r of her itarving to death the governrnent had to

;1.;h;;; alowance of f,ee a monl!' The Minister ofi".ri"", fUt limmy Kruger, Caid she had been removed from

b"*"r.i G**" ite was worried about her agitating the.routh there to mount mass demonsuations on the first

i""iu"ttov of the June 1976 shooting in Soweto'-J{*g.t iaded: 'Thereis'no difference between living in

:

wiNNits'raat$DEtn . zlg

Bnmdforr and Soweto. None of the ondtlCI+hs chdogcfiqnd we arc giving her Rroo a month for nottlingr'what moredoes she want. ..?'. Mr Krugeros clairh that thete is no ditrtience bliving in Brandfort and Soweto poees an obvious questioo;so I will answer it by describing tililinnie Mandela's co'trd''tions there when she anit€d. The tiny Black township't$':t,:iBrandfort is called Phatakatrle which' in English' rnddnd''Handle with C,are'. There are 725 hou$es, occupied bf5,zoo Blacks, who mainly speak Sotho. Winnie MandcllG"kr-XhG *U

"un*i, ti tp"ut Afrikaans, wlri*r ifre

&scribes as the language of thoee who oppress SouthlAfrica's Black peoPle.

Winnie was placed in house number 8oz, which had three :

small rooms, no water laid on, no elecfficity and no watef,-borne sewage system for the privy outside. The house' i8

one of those concrete and cement blocks and is very cold;Winnie's teenage daughter Zindzi said 'It's so cold earlyin the morning that when you breathe you can see the wster ."

vapour.' The house was so small that much of Vinnid$ :

furniture had to be stored in the near-by police station\Vinnie was subiect to dusk-to-ddwn house arrest on week-days and full house arreqt at weekends.

in the beginning Winnie found a lifeline to her friends inJohannesburg. At a certain time of the day she would standLy the pubfiCtelephone kiosk outside Brandfort's post officeand wait for her friends to call her. But then telephone callgstarted coming from pressmen as far afield as Londsn aodNew York. Pretoria quickly pr.rt a stop to that. 'Sorry, butthere's no replyr' said the local operator whenever the callbox number was asked for. A Johannesburg iournalist tested

this by ge'tting a colleague to go down to Brandfort and

watch Winnie Mandela stand by the kiosk-three days run'ning at the appointed time. But the phone never- ran_g.

'Soiry, there's no reply,' the operator sweetly told the 'journalist in Johannesburg - three days running.

_

But the South African goverrlment will not break Winnie'gspirit. On the contrary,

"She seems to be spiritually'lre'

itjrii'li.

il:l'

i:;"]'\.t::,i':t.

a4o. *N8IUE'BOSg

ehared with ea€h curtailm€r$ of her personal ltbe*yi a

correspondant for the British fieirspaper Thc Tiws wtoteafter investigating her lonely life in Brandfort. Although{Finnie hss 6een detained severa!-times and arrested timeswithout number, she has never been,found gurlty of any

ofience other than infringing her banning orders. Like thelast tirne, when a call had been made to a Black leiSlboty'shouee because Winnie wanted to buy a chicken for Sundaylunch: She was convicted of breaking her banning order-andgiven a suspended iail senfence.'Yet Vinnie still laughed.

She told her daughter: 'The ,Security Police must have

suspected f was trying to buy a Rhode Island Red.'

19 . ADf LAIDE AND O[,t.,trER,:.TAMgO

My clandestine correspondemccr with Winnie Mandeldhelped me to cement dn importorrt ftiendship in lorldog,with Mrs Adelaide Tambq. Iiler husband, Oliver Tamboiis regarded by Pretoria as, othE most danggous Baffir'(Bla€k) living outside South Africa.

Excerpt from secuet B Q S S fi.tes (rg7r): .

'TAMBO, Oliver Reginald. Adult'Bantu Male born4lto/rgt7 of peasant family at Bizana, Psndoland. Edlr-cated Ludeke Methodist Mission School and tbe Anglicanfloly Cross Mission School, Flagstatr In 1938 he erlrolled at Fort Hare University College for Bantq gradu-ated r94r with Bachclor of Science dqree. Suspendedfor leftist agitation on ca,rrrpus and'orgunising sit-downs$ikes. Allowed to retum one ]rem later where, in $plil1944, along with Nelson Mandela helped forrn Com-munist-inspired Youth League of the Africdn NetionalCongress to revitalise the old ANC as a militant revolu-tionary body, Became a teacher until 1947, ttren articledto legal firm in ]ohannesburg 1948. Bccarne registesedattorney r95r and established firet Ear,rtu legnl piaoeicein Jrihannesburg with Mandela who had also turned to,C;ommunism. Elected to ANC national €rrccutive rgt9.Banned from attending public meetings for two years int9S4 after political agitationcampaign rnounted amongstBannr of Soweto. Appointed ANC secretuy-general1955 to 1958. ,Charged with High Treason DecenrbEr

,1956. Discharged 1957, Appointed ANC deputy-presi.dent-general 1958. Left SA illegally on 28/5/rg5o\,to,avoid wanant of arrest for plotting maso,insume*atioo:'ftiBflrtu towrships. Appeared at United Nariqrs to epeccl

g{s . tNE{Et Boss {,

fc.cupptrt qahst apgtfirftt, 'In rgp-j, h set'up a la$e:llr-6rnrnrrrigt-fnanced: terrEaist' &aining carnp at &Iom-*". tis miles west of'the Tanzanian capital Der:ec

S;G*t. -thit

"u*p is sq'led the "provisional head-

.."rrtot of the ANb in exile t'but mainlyused as abase

, .t-.nu ,.achings of Mandst'theory and the uaining of,,riltrcf-i"r"o"ists-i" rrrbulgsfrsitla tactics and methods of'

,.*dotao * be used futside'Soufi Africa Tambo attended

. ti Odi"t* Revolution debrations in Moscow rg67 and,',,rhr L*io.C-*:ntenary cdsbrations in Augu* rgo, pes'

oiU"a as "Comrade Tmbo" in the Fcbnrary'- 1968 issue

of the ANC's monthly ioumal "Sechaba" whictt is

""mt"a in East Germany, with the help of KGB-trained

-propaganaists, by Erich Veineft , zo8 Neustrelitz' Tambo

l#t"t oc*onai srticle'for the r@ May Etay is$re oftA" gtitiih Communist n€fllspaper "Morning Star"'On

,'fr;, death ,of ANC preeid€ot Chi€f Atbert I."9$l*htte6t\ Tambo appointed acting:preciderit of ttre

."iliC. -nlguh"tv aneods OAU aqd'Unitcd 'Natioms

,, n*tios" *;a travels round the world appealing far'firullsto Ue useA for military-style attacks on Souttt Afri&'

r',,\fifb. Adelaide Tambo, Bantu,south .A&ican subiict',live at 9a Cho-lmeley Parkr Lqdon N6,'wittr thsir three

;:childred:',Dudulani Tmb, female aepd ro, DdindlelaC*Ut, male aged tz, and Tarnbi Tarnbo, fernale aged

:,,rg.*tro Ot" the fuckna,cre '(Puttrixia{ as,she yas bop on;'"t6l,to1tg57, the dqy ttre first Russian Spumik was laun-,,cnlrd. Oti*et Tarnbo is known in London as the "Gu€f,-rilta Chief'of the ANC.'

People who prefer to se South-A&ica through rose-tlntedrt*d becar,rsi thev are stausch right-wingen, or perhaps

ilccause thev have investm€nts or (White) relatives in thebrst"v, wiil probably snatctr at 'Oliver Talnbsrs visits toRlr$ia; his anich in the Britistt Cbmmunist Morttitg Stan; 116 the firct that his daughter was aarned after the

Rur"ian Spunik as 'proof'that he is a Comrnunist' Fordt,I *norp he;Emy bea C-o,mmqniet On''the'otl,ret hand he

ADET,aIDE eNn or"lvrx* $nMso . tg:t'may be accepting hetp, ln the form of weapns ormon6y,from, Russia because he can't get regulgr eup'p(rt fromanyslhere else, .., 1 ' .,' ,,

I remember listerting do (and taping) Oliver Tamboaddressing a 'South Africa Freedom' rally in TrafefuBSquare on z3 June 1968. As he told the massive audienee:&slatest oews ftom the guerrilla battlefront, his Afri(hdt ,,:i,National Congreos stewards walked round collecting mqrpyin empty Ovaltine tins. Tarnbo told the crowd ttnorrgh amicrophone: 'Help fight apaftheid. You can do it right &onr ,:by giving us your ptactical and material support.' pointingto the fund-raipers as they rattled their tins he paused,,logain maximum effect and added 'We dorr-t want your m6ralsupport. We are sick and tired of moral support.' ;

, To this day I still don't know if Oliver Tambo is a Com-munist-' or not. I do know one thing, however. If he hasetnbraced Communism wholeheartedly, it was because theSouth African govefirment forced him into Russiats wgl.coming arms, as it has done to thousands of other Blacks.Tambo'was certainly no Communist when he started hisadult life. After leaving Fort Hare University,he sowht anaudience with Bishop Ambrose Reeves in the hopc of,becoming an'Anglican priest.'Yet he was a senior rnember ofthe ANC at the time. This hardly fits in with the SouthAfrican government's constant smear that all ANC mem-bers are Communists or Communist dupes. But of coursethe South African govef,nmefit is lying. The tmth is thatmost of the ANC's mernbers are keenly religious, as ,are

most Blacks in South Africa, who have more thandifferent retgious groups, some small but severalmemberships of over roorooo.

3,QQowith

The South African government also repeatedly clairnsthat the African National Congress has only a very smallfollowing emongst Blacks. That reminds rne of a littleknown incident concerning Canon John Collins, the Pre:centor of St Paul's Cathedral, when he visited South Africaon a two-month fact-finding tour. While there he addreseeda group of forry Black clergymen in Jotrannesburg. At one

.;

..:

:.i, ,r " 'l :-l: , :

' ef{ ",,*nsrgg jsss*g. ,: , r , :t1,. .'..':::',,:r l

point he ces,rally dsked tf any of dt€se mm o,f God suo-poftd the rdfrican National Congress. There was a nuin,T3,i1","41 silence ultit 9ge qutlpoten priest *t".d "t;;qiC back of the hall and pufled.'an ANC mernbership &rd

pslpf E pock€t. Aamitiing being a **,b., h; ili rlf I.wasn't, I wouldnt have a co-ngregition to pr"""t il;Th;tltirty*eight other priests dco-pulled out theh ANCrpembership cards. Only one at thm meeting rnas not anANC msmber.

,.' ,Adelaide Tambo is a lovely wardr-h*lrred and eentle- eqrl. She's also politicauy ;ile ;ef*iilil#;.?H;met her when, as a fi.,eelance fur Fleff Street's DiIy Ma;I,I'overed the weddinglof a Black South Africon'd;;;;Stanley lxirrnke, to Lady Christina Catt o*effa"ay" tt elfentl-six-Vear-old daughter of the Earl and C*rnttisofCranbrook on rr june- !#7r* I also covered the vrcddingf,tr South AIlien intefligence: They wanted pfrotogr"phiof svcry.south Afrlcan aftending *iC tfr"y also wanted toftnqw,rphat .daoger, if any, Stanley Leta;ka posed on apyb$p- l"y:t Uv his marriage intoihe British ar*;crat:fle didn't. He was not interested in politics, although,hehated the system of apanheid.

Adbiaide Tatnbo attended the cer€rnody, rmd I publistreda,photo.gryp-h of her in $outh Africa,s "Dti"";r;grn*;:iqheoegrized hg by promising her.free copies of the-r{eddingphotographs._I_Srq rnentioned that I vias receiving *C"t;tretters from Vinnie Mandela. Adelaide was pldea-anAkrvited mq.to her home for drinke. I took Jill Evans *rh;;andAdetaide Tambo was impressed that iru **f.iA i"i tlr".Dally Minm

The two women liked each other on sight, whic*r helpedme considerablp An'indication of Adehile Tambo's warmpersondity can_$ iu{Sed from the fact that she held Jill'shmdas she told her dl about South Africa and al.the gr;sipabout.ttrevarious Black South eeicanexifes at the ANC,s

.,[.ondlrn headquarters. Adelaide takJ so mucfr anC *ffi-' * The wedding storJr wss published in tfu Daity Mail on n lunetg#l. * ' ',1--

{DBIAIDS AND OI,IIIBR TAMAO. A45

y9-?j1g:."rn"unt of info.rmadon that I had to keep mak_

tr Sffi"[ tr ;]Hi*trh*, i ;*ibbrd;f,.;tiI visited Adelaide'shomed*f Uoro after that. Aadeadd{ne r.:amg eryy wltnarilJ#ffi#kouerg lrhics:were all grist for tle-pretoria *tll.*i;;, only helpedPretoria to sow discord

""r;;*rG'ANA in London bythe steatthy diss€ninatioG;;;;ff il *o **,,t*,,ercelleot clues about one o] {JAf.id-**rbere srhbrseem{open to bribery.orspy offer "ppr*"fro. lIn November roez eaerale" ;"ld ff";;;'m, Arulillilvj No"lg, " yori,rs_lo"rh Airiai;r""k who workedas e driver fq the aNc-in G;Jil.-tr" said.he hadfs3fil;'J,stffiffi:bffiH#ffitr

said there was even " *-o"i;fi;;"1fileen murderedand his body hidden. y: l. ,ry il ilfi;!*" very hotunder the collar about that and mount;a?b; investigation.r never found out *h"th;;B"It;i"'"iJfr", BosS ornot, ot if he was muidelod.

On another occasln A$laide Tambo took me.into her.lylgg r::"dy and proudl_y rr,o*J *l-sdre of his privetewnrrngs. She also o.ryged ttrry farge-Uio* envelopesgontaining about zoo- ptrotographs-rrJi h]*u*a had col-tected during ni" *oorti,tahJ--it"Jw ;;;;#;"T;their weighr in gold to South Aflili;r;igeoce, as thevshowed oliver Tambo with aozens;d;i{"?;ffiinplaces as far aosf,t *.T*e*ilil;;'?o*; rorraorqd,Italy. one even showed.rri* i"iJ*i;**"^* B€n Kda"one of the leaders of the Algerian n""i*i=o*ry Corrnqil, ata secrer mountaif, hideoutln Aberia. Teiil,g Adelaide irwas such a shame **: qlgqoE;;;ri"c crumpledand creased in the envelope.s, I'of""ea io"ltct them intophotograph albums for nei. Sfre f"ff

-i*ii"*a gave me.tbe,

f&i*,::rur#:m#*,fg:;;a;ffi &-;fr iffi '. r rushed aq*r, t" FGil"iilto*oio ,na ,n*,,#.1than {5o having th. *dd*1fi;;;#,_,}, !F"ho ,r,

,.:':;\t46. rNsrDarboss , I :, ,, i

graphed. I then returned the original collection to.Adelaidef,ctrb' stuck into three photograph albums. H. j. v4 denBerg$ was overioyed. From the"photographs his inteililencemen were able to identify'several Blac,k ANC memberswho were previously unlisted; in some cases pretoria hadnot been awa^re rhat they had ldt South Africa secretly.Frorn one of fhose photogaphs came a clui to the straniitcase,bf Dr Joseph 'Joe' Mokoena. . ' , ,

Something in one of Oliver Tambo's collection of photo-graphs caused Pretoria to semd me a tequest. f'was ad(ed tovisit Adelaide Tambo at her home and mention the namer-|oseph Mokoena as oasually as possible. I did thb;^a Norrember 1968, and Adelaide replied .]oe is supposedto be in Zarrrble,; but the tmth is he?s working undergroundln South Africa for the ANC and he's in regular trouchwith Oliver ...'; :I flashed this back to Pretoria and a nationwide manhuntwas set up. But Dr Mokoena was never forrnd. Ther.r ineafly 1969, iust three months later, Pretoris sent rne an

'rUrgBat message stating that a Dr Joseph Mokoena hadallegedly died in Zatnbia. They used the word 'allegedly'because they did not believ€ br one mornerit that the ff"inwas dead. Pretoria gave rne these details: d man using themare Dr Joseph Mokoena had been traVelling in a 6r inLuaaka, and a blue car had crashed into him. Two meniurnpeC out of the blue car and ran away. It was later dis-covered they had stolen the car. Dr Mokoena had receivedserious iniuries in the crash and'died' in Lusaka's CentralIlospital on 4 February 1969. Pretoria said it had asked oneof its agerrts in Zambia to get confirmation of the death bygetting details frorn files kept at the Lusaka hospital. Theagent had sent back a message stating there was'somethingodd'about the case, as Dr Mokoenat hospital file could noibe found by staffat the hospital. Pretoria told me this might,oI *igh! not be inefficiency on the part of a hospitat ern-ployee, tsut what did concern Pretoria most was that there- yas no uace of Dr Mokoena having been buried in Zambia.&o,they. told their tirsaka sgent to rly ro:get a copy of the

ADELAIDB AND OLIVSn,, TAM.BO . 247official death certjficate..Ther,r came back the message: .Ii1*ki1;ff iltriJ.y*insihai'&i*ii;,T;.ffi ;"%!;

But H. J. fdn den Beigh refused'to fal for ,n"*., iri,London handler repeated;;;"-*r,"ijrln"d said to him bvtelephone : . The crarty d;A:' il;ffii"i;1ui i?i;"lpotice.net out for uo[o""" i" Jr ii;1;"il;ilhtffH;ii{$.?tr"#?,?ii*ili:,*j;fl;:,i*{l#f;$d oT whether {o5oena iil;"#luried in Britqs.Normallyo this would hry" U."" .u.1r,'*"iO"t"iO" Tambo

XiHl*" known irD, Mok;;;; r,iia[a'. sfi?ffi,#,A few weeks earlier.plgtoria had warned me that a con_v,e{salion

letween AdelaidC ilffiffiuiltn"r person hadsomehow been monitored in'Mis filb"i itd;;il;,il.A. N. Other had told lvlrs Tarnbol#i ivas suspecred ofbeing a spy for South Africa'I fi,nd that hard to believe'9hp had replied. ,Hels

a nicegnough man, and higgirl-friend filf i* ,u"ii-a,"vrt;#;:ghe works fo: the ntalty u;ryi;yorih;;:f,-trril,rffi;iit9o muc-h hysteria u*ongrr,so-utt Arii';ffi t ,ilnoi,n"-ii

l

l;n:1;L:t:1"'#'rffi.T to **i" ill".riiiili' #il#_ Jl ui:* ofthis bugged_ c-onversation pretoria had advised*?.:.*1y-1*:I from Adelaide Tambo fd ; y;;r-;. "*

rrymg to trace a man who died in zaia;i "uig.afvburied somewhere in Britain, was ;;;;task. SomersetHouse couldn,t helo me. Th"i, tuia;;"fi;".h;il1dfi;be recorded in their fi6 "ft;;.;;r";;ffir,tr,r. I do norknow_why. After a lo_!s

-and "ggr"rr""ti-rrg;;;'i il"rttraced^Dr Mokoena. qf rraa b.1;-;;;ed at rhe iffiilHgod lrgmayorium, Solihull, Warwi;k;lG;" ;4F;b*"ryrg6S. I double-checked this_ UV "

p"rorJ'of tfre ;il;llFpt at. the crematoriurn. Theie -r-irJ-"1*ar#;d;;t

Dr Joseph Mcikoena 1"a Oi;J-rn'6"ii;lo 4,Feb$rqil.,Ieie and hilbodi rraa b?d h..rvri to ilii,*., frrgre&igr@nur-nber,on Dr Jylokgeng'q gregration-d&; wga,1963 ,"

.:i. i lButPrffiria,wrn not satlgfic$,'$mro dtre htef f 'r#ivedytl* SFTge frm H. I. t?" d€n B€rgh. He *.nt.aIsrdon t\ephone number which was.known to be on-nected with Dr rVokoena. Woutd I check it otrt? Thenumber giren to me was SOL 1745. But there was somenisCIke. H. j. van.deo Bergh then selrt me anothermesessecaying there might have been an error in the SOL pai.Pe*r$19 it_was POL 1745? I iang the number ana sixolrcto a lvliss lqye Adams. She knew nothing at all about,aDr Mokoena. Then HJ sent me yet anothi

"rorrei i*-tups the number was SUL 1745? I rang thb num-ber for|nq;ls at various times of the day and nigfut. No answer. Ican't rernember what Directory Inquiries=told me abotn thenurnber, but whatever thcy said f -reportea back to pretoda.Then H. J. rran den Belgh found a new angle. He had sect9g9of hie ag€nts inZnrbiato pay a hefty #tUe to ,o**",tddt access to the reoorde kept-at ttre hospitd wfrere Or$gkgeSafrad died. The-fiI9 wr" missing. Bff;;aki"g-tht"Seck it was discovened that there was instead, a fiIe on

,ft{o&oena} wife,'Triste'. She had nedeO an operation on'her w-omb but had insisted on bbing flown io LondonspeciSlfor t!_is operation._Nowll. ]. van den Bergh reallywas baffied. He could make neither head rro,r taif of thlwble ryq-s. He finally came up with the theory that some-qqs had, died after a car crash in ?-ambia and ihat person;s'Uody

had been flown to Britain fo;U"tAfl". ir wasn,t DrMokoena. And that i9 why, said H. J. van a"" g;gh, in"substitute body had been-flown to dritain, *t*-" f;'"Ootiry{d reognize it, and where it could quickly te got rliof by crem*ion"

- , I !hir* H. l. van den B€ryh should perhaps have tried his

hand at witing whodunnit thrilterc. He *d ;dhg;;pioue,meesagee aborit Dr Mokoecra but in threo ;tg€firy became quite frayed ctrasingthis man's ghmt. I saieI would try to'help but never did anytnhg f""6e". Sut thevttry vorst aggravation, for me, caire a full three years taterering a conversation with.Vilfrid Brutus. tte t6ru me hehad rctuatly been one ofthe pan bearers at the crernatiom

ADEI,AIDB AND OII.VAB TAMBO . 249

,service for Dr Mokoena! This really made me spit. If I had|1oyn,ttr1 in earry rgeg it_ woJ;-;;;;" il;;;;;#to go haring round {r.days ."yid

-."' r*a out whereMokoena had been bunecl.

BOSS headquafters in pretoria still keeps its file on DrJosen!.Mokoena open. tr,;r;9nit"il, uiir.l,i, he,s dead. rfhe reatly is alive r wish he #dH;ral"ui.il put pretodnout of its misery. t*" t tttt':

ll

$$, .,, fiffL$ON ,MANDf tA i :' ;

NATSON I{ANDBIA . 25r

If"fria that to rcleaseMandela fronr Robbcn Inland, wkehe has been held sinceJune 1964, would b" rqi* fi;;arcfr-Manriet erpported by Marxists eom Mosconrf. fi.aa,announement fum London in June rggo thi M€rhodisrChurch supported appeals by South Afiican churches ftr h :

national convention in which Btacks ould take paft in&fu,with government on decision-making processes. Th.proposals also demanded that Nclson Mandela and orhAtqofitical prisorrers should be fr€ed ro take paft in Xp q @Pretoria, however, rcmgirs .uncompromisingr,,sod.:d:6Minister of Police, Mr louis le Grange, r"l" .Wgu*Mandela will spend ttre rest of,his lif€ inJsil.,

- ,. ,,r,,Ne,lson,Rolihlala Mandela was born in lJmtata, Trmsksi,

on 18 July r9r8, the son of Henry Mandela, a famousTernbu chid. He is'direcdy related'to Kaiser Maraeima,Chief Minister of the South African .homelandi;

r&eTranskei. Educated at a Methodist boarding ,"nooLMandela ironically started his adult life as a policeman incharge of Blacks at a gpld mine in Johannesburg. He weeedlrcated at the Black university of Fort llare, wh&e,he rSetOliver Tanbo aod like Tambo was sent downfor orgnabing,strikes. It was the beginniag ofhis amazing political €r@lHe ioined the ANC'g Youth I-eague and after snrdying lawestablished the first firm of African lawyers in lohartnesturgwith Oliver Tambo. In r95z he was appointed NationelVoluater-inrchidto head the.No bail, no fine'DefiaaceCampaiga. This was a passive resistance pnotest whichurged Blacks to voluntarily breal< the oppressine race hwsby refusirrg to carry their hated Pass 3ooks. On appecingin court they refused bail and insisted on going to'i"it.o.ipmt€st against apartheid. Not ooe Black fist qns,f,aised,inviolencer,aobody was iniured and the police were forced toarrest 8,5oo Pass Iaw ofenders. V.hen the.iaits becrncovercrowded the startled govenrment realized it had to st@this dangetous state of affairs. Mandela and irinete€n otnt*w€re arr€sted and convified when they openly lrdfffrtiig,:being the ofganiz€rs. Tlr ttn dlagrin of gp fii1w$-r,ever, Mandela and Co" were. givelr,,.suspta&d,oegtruwo.

In rg6q I became involved ,in a plot to rescue NelsonIVlandela, the leader of the African National Congress, fromSouth .Africa's notorious Robben Island Jail, where he iseenving a life sentence. I infiltated the man responsible forrnarterrninding the plot and succeeded in getting myse{appointed the leader of hls group fui Britain.

The original idea was that the ace British pilot Miss SheilaScott would secretly fly Nelson Mandela out of SouthAflica'after he had escaped from Robben ltland. H. f. van{e*r Be"rgh was willing to let Mandela escape and evenq6aigned a warder on Robben Island to liaise with me toensure that the plot succeeded. This was because Generalvan den Bergh had his own counter-plot to have Mandelaehot during a spectacular recapture attempt. The shootingwas to take place at a small landing strip in a remote countryarea a$ Mandela was about to board Miss Scstt's light air-Eraft. Miss Scott would not be harmed, as she was to bebrcught to court in a massivb show trial.

" Hf mounted his counter-plot for two reasons. It would

be a remarkable coup, giving the South African governmenttremendous publicity propaganda'all over the world. Itrrould also solve the aggravating problem of NelsonMandela - a man worshipped by millions of his people, whosee him a8 a mart"r to the cause of Black aspirations. He wasSouth Africa's number one political prisoner and remaines to.ttris day. Luckily for hiri, British intelligence got windof rry activities in London and ruined the whole plot - forboth sides.

The Pretoria attitude towards Nelson Mandela can beqnoessed.from a speech made by the piesent South AfricanFrenrier, P. W. Botha, in April r98o when he addressed a€rowd of univereity studsrts at Stellenbosch in the Cape;

i;rt:i,i:iffiten the,.judge fcund"that disciplingafld rron-violence.had1,,r; r'tfeen:figidly obsomed during the campaign at all tLnsl" '

. ; . Maridela's organizing ability was rccognized by the ANCand: within one yeatr he was elected its TransvaatEestdent.

1

..r ir a

',1 l, r,1..

"liq5p :1,I.!$StiS&,3OgS

he-toria stopped that by eerving orders banning hirn frimr , ,.pubfiE meetings fol two years; I,fercontinued t6 fight race

:* . pr€iudice and anil it was clear to most people,, 1 .that hg'woul{ ole day lead the ANC nationwide. fn lr9-5e

he,and l5g were charged wtth treason in a five-yehr

NELSqAI..i1ilA,SIEBLA . 253

Lop F our rjlto. a lquq.-Wh€n rhey sat me doum on achair they took the bltndfotd. frorn; my: ryeo and tt_r*r";smtliqg- broadly ia front of rne, qras sriutt afrU:s.**iw:antd man.l Petef, got a splash &onr*page ;t {yoiffiithat ..:.,,,1

' cam v.hich became known as',the',,.T'reasgn Jrialr.:.All drewcused were acquitted. In 1960 the CNC-; br;.d,-Intrvlay 196r, just fourteen months after the Sharpevilleshootings Nelson Mandela organized a massive ,i"y-"t-home protest by Black workers. When the Security pbticestarted a manhunt for him he vanished underground. This, ii{t6, .W{€d,rhs,becerue knotrrn * tn" ;nf*"E fiir6;1; ;;

r';:;iffirisitrglhiwlf vati,ously as a rvindow cleener,, a'mes':seiger and a priest. His dramatic escapades rnade fools oftheelic+ and ha particularly capturd public imagination

'hE leerring South i{frica illegatly in eariy, 196z tolmake a.six;month tourof fifteen Ar;b i"a Afrda" it"t"*. FIe "Is,v',$ited London, where he had talks with Hugh GaitskCil,

then leader of the Labour Party, and Jo Griirond, h"d";,of ttre British.rLiberal farq1, Inluly r{Oz h" *ip"d

"ggdbver Pittoria;s,fcce by polipingb;Ap""r"ab at alteeffif$rehse of nationaiisi uaeis in eaaii Ababi ethiopi",tomake a widely publicized attack onthepolicyof*p""tt iiJ.,r

:Rgtrgnrgg to South Africa by crossing its bbrder illegailt'.ht',nighr, he m'ade his way to Johannesbwg and *t"}teita,unting the police again. Ife was so audacioui that he oncedent twg of his Black lieuterrants to fetch a iunior W,hiteraporter tohim.,The reportef was peter llazilhurst,,whosfirsred a dek withrne on $e Johannesburg-S*iE, E.er;;,,atthe'time.* I will never forgL,t peter,s t"ipy A"J*n"'.1"rtntrned to the offic€.

. - .'lwo.Aficans shoved me in a car, blindfolded me and' kid me in rhe back covered with a blanket. After a long drive:' *'Foday he is a Far Eest correspon dqt fot The Tires.

Pretoria took strong exception, to Mandela's ctreel<,inptsrting to propsgandze hls tauee to ttre,Wtriies

"f $r#

4Ff,3ga-a hefiv cash reward was secretly of"iJ dtall the Black townships for any informati; leadifi;; td,T91,1": someone coitected'tdat_-ieill-.-.L d;it:A[$fifr1962, Neleon Mandela was-trapped at a cunningly;rfiffpolice road Ufgg! g_ltgwict< inNatat. ffi **.alri*ri*"a s,

"draufieur, and his White .boss'sitring in tlre badof ttle car..was,Cecil .\Ilrilliams, a femous sdth Aflc;-rlil;i*l

pelson-aliry. A keen liberat, Cecil tried to Ufof ii."i;;ilh"pg.Lice knew they hadnirrnade a rnistake. Orru"Atfre-Gil":fj:jij^h13f utgcr acruauy naa a copyof u*a"rrrr,nngerpfints rn his pocket for comparison purposeg

Tt.v wTe."oj needed. ,Mandeia, a taUani suplrUfy fitexteavyweight boxer and l,ong-distance runn€r, &eei no1sTt"lo.Folding out his wrists for the handculb ilil;illneatghlppen,ewentullf,..r 1 . .. , ,,. :,

In-early Novernber 196z Mandela was senteaced to fivcI"aT: t"4, three years f,or incitement to strike *a q*o 6;leaving South Africa illegally. While he was serv.ing rhis:entglcel H. ]. van qen nergh fo"mea ht ;G;ffit";FJg*g**].outfir, which stirck

" u,g ul"* dil;il;ji t:j by rarcling its secret headquarters at Lilliesleaf farmll_Rivonia: neal lo^$ryresburg. The raid took place d*ricgF_",:";o"d,-yTk olJ"lv 1963, and several topilNc md{f-"It$1g gt"l": *Goran.Mbeki, Dents coldberg;rio-b Hepple and Lionel Bernstein, were hauled into t#policenet. Two other men were **it"a, ertii* 6"i;;;td;"q.4gt: and Harold Volpe, a left-wing 6""6. b"f&Jdand Sfolpe were held in Marshall qWi"" p.iU";;il;i,c€nftal Johennesburg but escaped from thke and Aed,tl*tcountry disguised &s nun$.

Nelson +4andela was not so lu{ry. D-uring tlre.,ssid oill

.: .

::,f.iif :' ..

A$.' fU*f.,f$;; g.o$gr:,1,rr,'.,'"

Ultieslcef Farn, some 25o do€umfnts sere found whichffiffiil--*i h'tf;.d;il;of theANc's militant wing-

'Sfrt:"f tn" Nutioo'. This group had'planted.doz.ens of.tfrinUs at'gpv€f,tlment instaua;ds$9'end ofrces througltoutffiih Af.io, although er,treme care had been taken to***ii*u ir Ue"' Ifrandda:unas & co-accu$€d in the casg-;hi.h b*rn" world-fasrou$,d$ the 'Rivosia trial' a$d

;p"md o,n zo October 1964 $tith Communist P4rty lead€r

ffi* fit"n* leading tiie.aefenpe. I'was'preserrt wlre4

il,i""d.t" *"a" ni* fairous speech lasting over fout hotri'o,

;ffi-ft'om which later:-appeared -!o a lone-plsilingffi;;d sold in Amtirica aad Driain. Hc strengly drySG"g

" Communist qnd:porred-scorn on the State's clai{n

dratfu€ ANC was underthe influence of Communists''Iledid not deny plalrning sabotage.

, :f aiA ttoip'i* it in a spirit of recklessness, nor because IUo6tny love of violince" I planned it as a result of a calm

*"4 tofSo ulsessment of the political situatioa that had

sbert after m4ny ycars of tyranny, exploitation and

oppreseion of my people by the Whites.'--inandeL said-the South African governmelrt had reftrsed

to listen to the peaceful and constinrtional activities of *reANC since it ias,frot fornfed rn rg-ra;$9{qg weighl to

G atg,rne"t,lVlandela thea quodthe-Nobel Peace Prize-

'tfunins President of ttre ANC, Chidluthuli:. 'i!?t6 wilt derrv that thirty yqa{s of my'life have been

up"trt Xao.Ling ilvain, patientln moderately and modestly,"*i" crc.a atJa u"ttua ioor? Vhat have been the ftuits ofstod€ration? The past thirty years-have seen the Sreatestarmrber of laws Gtricting our rights and progressn untiltoday we have reached a stagp where we have almost no

rights at all.'IfnUir heart, Nelson Mandelaknew that whatever he said

*oda make liale difference to tlre verdict of the court, He, hsd alreadv stated this earter by challenging the rigfrt of the

*unro trJar ttis case. Hig basiq attitude was thst he, a Black

man, could not expect to get iustice fmm a Vhite man'g

ffi;,-;"rd*a .?-trnidm&r, who applied tbe vhite

, NELSON MANDELA . 255

masr's rules and teri's pa.ssd bi,a Vtite ped l in wbiChno.Black man had a say.

'What soft o{ tustic; is thls,' he aeked, ,that enables the,iqq":":$ to sit in judgement over those against *lr*it.Vhave laid a charge?'

. It was a good poin1. Ahhorrgh the South African iudiciaryis maiqlya l%a[yunbiased bodyofmen, with the exceod#of,.several .openly pro-governmsnt rud*, *a *"gi;rr;6;it has little option in sabotage car"sruih

", m*Jtaie;tffi.,

!f June 1964, Mandela was convicted along with \Veidsisulu, 9oJ* Mbeki, Raymond Mhlaba, Elias Motsoaledi,A-gdrew Mlangeni, Ahmed Kathrada ani Denis Goldberc.All were sentenced to life imprisonment. g.i"E VrhTtS,golgPos was sent to pretoria l"lil iv.G"" M*d.6*j-hi:;six Black friends were sent to Robben Island.

:' S{F back m S*"q Africa; O,rt O"t""mUy il;b.j uryeqsneverhappened-In fairness to Enoch pMl f must stness thtr I gave himno indicenfon whsoeeer rrrot he was being used as a

, .Affiet Brid* Mp whwas ueed as a bot by BOSS was1,,1. llq Ilarold -qS" rhe fffi- c@s€rvadve-di i-,, ffi*tnd form€r chairman of^tlrc.ighr_wi"g Mord;yi. (_Ffi'6 Africa Cmmimee. Mr Sore4,"no*."-&,-'G-,. gryk3.r. of nsh from Enoch p#|l.-il6s3ril"Jho ras a .good &iend of tbe Sorilh eticm g ,.i.: Pr9af of this to_a great €'.Er i",6".G;1fr'ffi.trl::;. .*o1E$gg.egqo:ff{ ry"M6,p"ul*l"o

,,, , ttfrTadem Bootsc ir Mt;96;.-'i[" u*t gave i*.der*heails abo't organizatioos -*fo

p.oer" h"g;;"l#ntSppT{ the policy of apartheid *fo ti* Vrbtr"-ffi;;Rhodesia end Forrugal,iAfrican e"imi*. hdatffi d:31Tf tlrc:e brca+tio", r,"a t';.ilffi$'ttrmrmrsts and werc the v€hidca of Cqnnunis .6*.;a, oblects.Altho*gbMr$ocef'sboohw$"q"drirrrG;;

,. ,,,,*9pyd.S..t1e pdicy of apartreid,es sr.rch, ir wis-;

.__BOSS.licked ,E lipsio anricipafion at tbe thoucfrr offff1'T _pe^ {ee -4ry9. members when they-were

officials_in trmmgr1 defartnrems A;ruo;; soil;,eg: In additirn "tt

irrt"ttig.r.e "p.*d;;";;;i.i;;;

fl|-givta.t-f newspaper I spf of my leter abqn tlieaa.q lnd # *"n"gb-dgblecfiock by asking mc if I[d. ;rrritred ft. A.hq*ryh- r- * p*.,,"'-u"a .by Enodrlbmeltb poor serse of drity i" thr",;rirrg, ;yI** ;d;f6"y first mkirqg ne, f 6ave VofanUi erook the or

. a14strcn sbe needod .*A "ry day the Mty hp^:grblisled a nine,inedoep artlOe tLAfneA apou€ll ToASk: Expel these Colou,cd-i[en,.*

South Africa vere girrcn cqpieC rnd J was hqn6fud minesoon after tbe book was released on the British market..I used Mr Soref o" ."uoJ "."r"r""r,6i6;;guccessful was ia "l{ay rg7r, when BOS S told ne tbft r}reBritish :Anti-Apartheid Movement was secretly ptanniqg tobnng out a special .education kit' for distribution tochildren in British schools. The kit included fact oaoensstrongly anacking the policy of apartheid. BOSS dld-rxliP g€tl|r^Sor{*_ ugtt"* against-rb€ kit, and I aia esee1$.r:tbat. Mr Sord told me he waf so shocked at the idbs #ftitish schoolchitdren being propagandizad inthie way thgthe would ptae the -att"t-uiroti ilrs u**r"t Tdchbr: ,

then the Secrctary of State for Education-and Science..iwas the first journalist in Britain to write abour the edue{ro:- tiq and my story'was publisbd prominently in S;uhAfrica-*

Fifteen months later, in August tg7z, wben the And-Apanheid Movement had issuJd its Jduiation Ut, HarotaSoref mounted a speial press conftrence in the House of ,

!11a1ons,_gt which h and.Ulajor pauick Vall, thr iOry,MP for_ Haltenqlrice, strongly anacked the'kit. .l_-hi{*gagq wide publicity in Britain, particutady in tb€Daily TelAraph and the Daily Mail.

Mr Soref was friendly witl fUr Jobn Bigp-Davison, tbeT"-"y 4l for Chigrvefl, and in May r97r, ilhen the BritishLabour Party decided to collect -6""i'fo, Black .terrorist'rnovements in Southern Africa, BOSS told me to use bot!men to criticize tbe move. I fi;phr""d-1il-s-or;;d'ffiBiggs-Davison, o.d rhey *o";fitr*=hdpr;; ci;;; ,

gtgv attact<$g the r ahour party. To give-a;imdession ofbalance to the sto4r, I also telephoned Labour,s Shadow{oreign Secretary, Mr Denis Healen at his Sussor horne.His reaction was quite diferent wnen I told him f reoresented a liberal newspaper in South Africa. He said.oiil",

"South African newspapers? I do not want to "."--"fo

^ *.Jotraoneeburg_f@q ryo, I9 Uay rgfr5 hr-,ilinql,l.*n8,, ,

Apartheid Kit for UK Schools Slated'.,i!r;r. . '*&Idyrgao.

33rl . rwsrb8 aoss

on the decbion to aidrthe E&ck liberation movsnents ifI Ls iq what you're after.' He then slamnred down the

; phone"* 'I don't know if Mr Heatey had any personal knowledse

of me, but untike mr sorei'and''M" bffi:6-aiis|ri'il;iSlm only seconds to realize that I wis- a South Africanpropagandist.

, Il_dy fronaSanda stories for South Africa were appreciatedby Harold Soref to suctr an emenr that he t.ii"e neryfriendly with me, and I still have letters from him whichash me to mount pro-Soudr-African or pro-RhodesianIetters in thersouth African press. fn one o?these lefters,dated Mvenib?.tg76,Mr S&ef asked ne if the;"*6;p*! was then working on would be interested in buying iaperflom his firy in London. The newspaper he wiJhed tosupply was Tln Citizen, which was widely suspected wentfien as a propaganda front set up by the South African:govefiuneRt :

On one.occasion while still in London I actually carriedout a 'spy assignment' for Harold Soref. In May rqzr heinvited me to anend abazaar in aid of the Pugtl-ZirultaaiSociery at the Chenil GaUery i" fi"g" n"aa,-itrJfr"a, e*Mr Soref addressed the audience a group of Black dernon-Strators pfotesid outsiden end Mr Soir:f asked me to findolt \rrho was leading the demonsuation and secretly get aphotograph of him. Taking photographs of politicallro-lesters can be very tricky, particularly when *rey do-notknow you, so I approachEd the leader of the demoand toldLtm t ryr a iournalist who worked for the Black maguineDtffit. To prove that I was ,on their side, I invitjd thedemonsuatgrs to join me for a cup of tea inside the bazaat:.:fheit leadeiwas hesitant, but I reassured him that HaroldSoref would Lot dare to criticizdme as I was a journalist.The leader of the demos laughed and we all went,in for tea"l\c ttreyyeqstandin_g at ttie counter drinking it I d6;;;overto'Harold Soref and suggested ttrat he Jhoula tiiow_

* ]ohannesburg Sunday Bxpress, z3 May rgTtrheadltned .ToribeS&tm Tenor Decision'. ,i,i i : .l

the demos out" Stoming pver to thesounter he asked themto leave, and when they poi"t"dtoiffiiJffiddiiiffii1e'1 F qoved t4e cune.aw:r Aom iffi"il retunded-theirmoney' As the demos shuffibd out ortne lazaar, r toie tffi : '

I w.oda.w1t9 1 sjory giving Hanod s;";f

-";Jin[e;:ffi "

petty-minded behaviour; aia woUa th"y *i"tif i;d*pholog?phs of thern to ru"ut ut";;';i#iih;*dffi, .'. ,',

leader fell for it and happity G; t" oi"ir"r"i""ffia1l his men. TIev atso give hi tfreir naries and addreeseo.The leader of the dernos *", fvf"lvf*"Jirri Haii, who wasthe Social and Co-ordinatinq Secretary;f .h" Tanzatihh, .. r. l

iffi ili;.TJ."ffih"f, i j:f i'*:,mt%l#HContade, which later investigatio" ,rro*Jial ,i," ,.;;;of the Tanzanian Students'-Asr".i"ti"r. i"nu*i"d-frifr r,,,.

*"-Pff' I gaveHarold_Soref.[rh;;;oJ*raddffi; -.i

BOSS INTRIGUBS. 333

of the demonstrators and said r wurJl*i-;ffiffffi ,,iphotogryphs later. Mr Soref was ou.riov"alby nry trickery,, ,, r

$lffiL3,T"t"Jf##ii-=::::. ;yygtr**,, q t.'1

: g1T1"? !gss:did ":t ryTt il;il;;;:iFffi, ' ,'.,i

$ntlsh newspapers in early June when U" fofr" ffiptin Jl "f ":the 'Humanities project'g"ve me

"ar*"" "!** that he rrrrs ,,:

$ti$ material ror a .racEkii'.o GrorJio iliilil;"#::The kit included posters, O[otoqaphs, *pe ;;;ej;;; ;ilcontroversial nature such as Enoch i'owelllririo."* oi6i*,a;fT*:lj ufloj:e.g.e.hof a vhite ilb il;ffi;"\ffi; , ,'{orHarold Soref as frontsfor tuis *iorv aJ;&6#;liffi ; ,.iisomeone else. The man was l.ion6t M"*G;;;dlfi; ''t";iportigal retugee from south Africa rtt"iiltrti-iiri"**-' ..i*lanced for various newspaper!, in nreet dueet.?d;;ilffi ,;

3 senior position in tfrJCbmmission for n".f"f gq,i"liru i"London.-U-sing Lionel as an innocenr ;i;A I=*'*story to him as an elclusive, and he p*r"a it oi-iJ. ffi ,,

,,,,Smdey .\twaOh, whictr ri" " u"r"i"*o ,tory o" 6subject.* over the nerrt six months regur"" *i"L"""p&fr ,in,oftT new.spapers, and rhe puu;ect- uecame-ru.-"i'Iffi, , ;,* 27lrtnetgTr.

r,i$g4''i!N6lES! 3o SSr' I ;"' " .

,'lsdiviri6iidti'{rte tfuit in lugdy 19913 rhe :sdtmts:Codndt--,'arytsricdit had decidcd itrc'tl lppro\rg ciregtatbnof the

,*oe"kit in British sclrook.',Bo$S was ddighted with that,ttoldt :

'!t'ltt ):

&i''rEza H. f. van d€o B€rgh instnrcted me to help inpttoddfu ttrl top-sccrtt sfllth African propaganda-frontiho"rChd of Ten', whidr wu Wt up in Britain_ with Mr,Gerald Sparrow at iB hbld" Mr Sparmxr' 4* gsdsergrv-five. was born in'Burtm, Derbyshire, ducaced at

Sherborne d"tt*t and C,ambridge University, where he wrerpident of ttre Studentc't}riur. Tskisgup laqheprac-l""O at the Bar in lVtmctrestet for five years before being

appointcd legd adviser.to tre Minieter of Justice in Bangko-k,

fdaiUna. Cjh C OqpmUer t94r he wqs arrested {-ttt:Imaodee qthib presiding'ofer a cassin'the Bangftsk Highi}wrt urd sperit then& for:r years in a fap-ane.ie Pow,ctmp barety:6t" t* 6f six teanis colrf,ts yet housing 4oo'..q**it his riease in September 1945 he again took up law

frr ciptn vears md ttren returned to Britain, ostensibly toretirel*ttitrugtr after three weeks he was utterly bored sod

"t"nA wridng a book entitled Ttu @et Swhdlerc.

Gerald Spa}ow is a fascirrating rn4 w$o krowr mudrabout *nany- veded st$iectsr ard hb trriting career proc-

nercd when he wrote a seriee of books on gr'eat spies' great

" loitott and great iudges. Thenhis writins calibre weakenedItvhetl he rutneA his hand to vniting sponsor-ed books on

''totrisrr. I sary "weakened' because proftissbnal iournalis*' ,&nd to Aistmst ftis tfud oftooa and the men who crite

thern, as thery usually give only a glowing sccount oJ theco"qtry in qriestiur. There is a good reason for this; Manyeollctti.s adte to eubsidize the printing oosts with a hefiy

ildonbti6n, Jo ttre autlror is hardly in a position to criticize

'"&e conditions in tlre country he is writing about.',; "; Tlrat is how Judge Gerald Sparrow fell into welooming

' lrnis'wt-len he visited South Africa in February rgze,'-Ile'-qst Dr bechel Rhoodie, who was then the assistant editor

of',.fo Tlze Point, an English-language magazine secqetly

Bo$$ : U{qst$,ry3g, .;" ggj

tnt up and fffand by $e Soffih Afticanrrguyermcnt sqapropaganda vehicle. Dr Rhoodie,trirok Gdrald Sparrcn bVtbe hand aod;,hd'him to Dr Connie Muldq, th€n tt;Minister of Infonnation. Vhen Mr Sparrow oih he *o "former Judge of the International Court anA intmiiEdwriting a tourist guide to South Africa, Dr Muld€r sai6,&e, .

South African gwernment would buy the first 75o aopfi*of the book lf lt was'wriaen ib an 'unbiased fashionl..,,'il,:;:..',

M" sp"*;;***t;';b"brt,-#il;ilil; ol&,the bench in Bangkok's High C.ourt, but when he wrptcl,,:about South Africa it rpas a differ€nt inatter. On page r4 '" - ,

of his b&. Intitatdon m South Affrs he stated: tThii:,-word apanheid is trrich used.in the western pr€ss to-dp."' ,

scribe the separation of the races in Sourh Africa. :fhe ii

visitor may not erren notie it.'No wonder then that"when Dr Eschel Rhoodie mnoeivd

the Club of Ten scheme to place costly advertisenrcrur invarious prestige neurupaper€ oveffieas, in order o de&tid,South Africa's aparttreid policies, he.chose Gereld Sparrovas his ftont man. As Dr Rhoodie put it, 'The Club will routthe Reds and Imbast thoce lou#mouth lib€rds orr€rseaswho claim South'Africa's a potice sare.' Dr Rhogdie?6craffy Club of Ten idea was one of.the reaems leading tohis appointrrent as Secretary of the Information Defiftrmert in Septernber rg7z. Bltt he had talent also. He was avibrarrtryorkaholic, brim4ing over with brilliant propagag&schemes, and; best of all, he knqw ryhat iotunalisin,war a[about. To have Gerald Sparrow as a pspectable fr,mt r

seemdd a mawellous idea. IIe was an educaed Englishmanof impeccable background, a former iudge and a sucressfrilauthor. Even better, he was married to a nnon-SThibt

woman from Thailand:-Her name was Chaluey, meaning'Small White Lotus Flower', which caused her to benicluramed Lily. Dr Rhmdie reasoned that a dack-complexioned wife migbt help to stop the leftists aqd.liberals overseas orygesring that Gerald Sparrow watr apropagenda front for apartheid-

And so the Club of Tm was set up in London, uftcne it

336 . INSTDa.BOss

firqt operatedthrough an aesomnodation address. Keepingldb identity secret at the start, Mr Sparrow placed his firetgdver.tisement in ttre British' T,i,nos o:r z8 July 1973. It cost

him.{r;4oo for a half page. The advert caused a sensation,md a lort of suspicion. It was headed 'Does Britain HaveA Conbcience?' and was basically an attack against MrAdffii Raphael, a ioumalist on the Guordian who hadexposed'starvation wages paid to Black workers employedby tsritistr firms in South Africa 'l

_lwas the first iournalist"to interview Gerald Sparrow inconhection with his Club of Ten, It was on 6 August 1973at Loidon's National tiberal Club, where we had tea and along chat. At that time I doubt if he knew I was a BOSSagent slipped in to doublg-check his loyalty and also tohelp to plblicize his pmppganda front; But I have ahvaysvtmde!€d rsho assured him l could be truoted. Someoneqrm have done so, because Mr Sparrow definitely did notgive:intervigws to any jouqnalists from any cauntry at thattime, and it would have been,lunacy for him to trust meunrecommended, as he knew quite well I had been deportedf,rom South Africa. Apart from that he also knew that I wasavery odd character; proofofthis colnes in an autographedcopy of, one of his books which he gave rne in the privacyof his Brightop home six months after our first meeting.

'Thstitle of the book was Gang Warfare, and on page rr8trr Sparrow wrote (To Gordon Silinter, The Expert . . .'Irrealized it,was a gentle dig but didn't mind. I knew theioke would be appreciated by my friends in the Britishunderworld, as, when I showed them the book' they couldbee from the front cover that the author was, after dl, a

iudge!A* requested by BOSS, I bombarded the South African

pubtic with regular and glowing accouqts of the Club ofTen, Knowing the truth, I was able to explain to readerstlrat the Club was run by a mysterious 'Mr X' whoseidentity, was known only to Mr Sparrow and myse$ Myarrogance and conceit were such that in the fifthr maiorstory to South Africa.I stated that.I $ns the only reporter

: _ . BOS$,'fNtnleUES. 337q &e world ts have intertCewed l.Ir i, and added (AItother newspapers, including ttri ;;;t"rtril"*-g$iSreet ones, have to obtain Trr"i, i"nn i"J"rirr#l"aJGerald Sparros.'* ft was

"ot o"fy-"oria"ited but rastr:When the bubble bursr rarer ;e ii;- S;;th ;rifilgovernment was revealed as i,Ivlr X,, South af"ic",s fileGpress could have made me whipping Uoy "u*L"i;;;:F

*3".y$.".Tcked'through $f nH -'B;;;;ilff'#,

.

\[hen the Club offen was finst formed, pretoria *uard, ,

i" q"9" well. Huge amounts of -un"V'*"re paid into s,,special account at Couns Bank infark d;;fi;yfbil;d l,VJok Delpon, who worked;A; b-hi"ilifrrmation Offfcerat the South African. Ernbassy i" i;;fhlg., $il;9"r4dSparrow used this *on"yio p-ru"" *hojop#6_South'Africa advertisemT.Jr.l" ld6il* in America,Agstralia Vest Germang Holtand, N.irZ""fa"C, Scandin_avta and Canada and in vario* ;ou;;[ f,i',rrc Continent.,T" qy.knowledge rh" ,*;;t ,p"il "*o"rawide

easilyr,exceeded dSOorooo.

.* Wl"r 1he !r{i$ press stafted investigating the Cltrb of'l'en the South African governmenr,fr*?g"Ai, ,n*ia"and professed to know hothing

"Uo,f?; but Gerald,Sparrow, who was oroud or ueini * gigrilil"r,, lisi.ft:cool when a Fleet Street journaliit ,iu"t"? ili".ing that hewas a traitor to his country and a secret "g."t

ioiE" p"vciia foreign power. He musi have rearizea"rrte uig heat wascoming w-hea l-abour Mp LoG-H;kfiJo'.uur"d'i,. ,

guqtion about the crub of Ten in ttre rrous" of commons ,

aJT" rgl4..He wanted .o L"o*-*ir"il"r rn" --iti"-u{

acuvlues were known to the Forcign Office and, if so, werethey undesirable or sinister? l,It" Sp;;;;;-;;id& ;;rushed to the South African Ernd;t;;i<ing trrem.wharhe should do. pretoria wasted

"o ti*ii"l"ttirg;i"l #;;the names of four millionaires *hb;iht uULg"A to be thefinancial backers of the crub. rrr"ia* #* t-i.itiliiafr,,,,simply individuals who wisheilr.pu, S"urh' ati.u'J pOili"

1,,

* Johannesburg Swaay Express,,z f.u*.o ,iZ.

$S' INSTDB'Bos{

*f*iu*;t**io tt e worsma tag amoutety no conaectimwi& tbe South Africso goy€@nen& :', r'

Tlib pparently sati$ed llr Sparmq *ho go tg l.oooI.gl&r;'ttreo 'the Labour $IP nesponsible f,or African@irsr and gave her the ftmr names to prcve he was not ar*rret propaganda ageot *o$ng for the'Sotlt$ A&ican

lgbvernmene To make it look good, the head of BOSS'€gnirat H. J. van den Bergh' got an old friend of his to flyto Lsndon and call a presd conference where heannounced,bc was one of the founder mcrrbers of the Club of Tec- Thetrun was Mr I-ampie Nichas, a muhi-millionaire farmer ofG€* extraction who ovrns nine gmups of farns totallingsome'i3o,ooo hectares and ig known in South A&ica as the'Potsto King'.

At bis prees wferene in l-ondil'n in Augtlst 1974 MrNidhd:was phcograBhed barding Mr Spmow a cheque:tif ,{3qooo to be used in mounting a quartedy iournal forthe Ctub of Tenentitled flra Plnqltix. This would continueto put South Africa's point of view over in Britain andwo,rla be sent free to all Members of Parliament and theditirrs of maior n€Mlspapers in Britain: But l-ampie

'Nichas vras inadequate as a front, and the prossure oiCr€ral4 Spa^rrow becme so intense *rat he fidally onfessedto tunaing the Club of Teq for the South African lafofina-,&ln D@artrrent And that was when BOSS let me otrthe''leash to giVe Mr Sparrow a mauling.

l.frre order came frqn H. J. van den Bergb, who intro-dued me to l-ampie Nidras. I sFnt a full day interviewingMt Nichas. It was the first io-depth interview he had giveoto any iournalist, and during it he gave me a pack of lies towrite in a ryassive attack on Mr Sparrow.* The story

.,plrcred sixty-six inches over a pageeand when it was pub-rtshcd geraU Sparrow did not look for revenge. Speaking

',b meF)1 telephone, he said 'In view of our past relationshipI carrbnl: say tr am deeply disappointed that you are nowpubtrishlng lies about me *hich have been fed to you by the' * Tlu Cldzar'zs June rgZS.

Senrth,rtfrisri golernsr*** f+d*rry gctibs whieh youi:sf ' ,lI

all_people, lurow o be grossly utrrre.r' -. .:i,i i:,,, 1,, ,1r.,i;.

I didn't feel bad about it I saw Geratd Sparmw m amaa , .,,,:iiyh9 had enioyedtre salad days butwt." ii&sesri6n-# ,,,i.:;

had not wanted to take his inedicine. As zuctr he wes a ;traitor to the cause. Ilow wrong I was. But I aia "otr &J. ietand then that Gerard spa*ow had an ** motrGffi,.,.r."ason-+n qaposing the.south African govelnment" n,ffi"',the golden baoqm oolour of his wife's rltn. nn n ififfi,;:her with hirn on his ,lasr trip to South Afrtca, I{,tffi }'lgraciously awarded her tlloaorary \[&ir.l;;"-ri'H,''..t;,could share abed with hs $ilhite hirsband in a wnite toril" '

),,Chaluey Sparron' loathed that kind ofhypocrisy*d-;;ffon her'husband until oventually tre aacrteA-

- _ , , ,

It may.seem misguide4 Uut i feel I owe Gerald Sparowand his wife'an apol,ogy ofsorts. I give ig to tnem in tde drofa short story and I hope they appreciate it. : ,

$O!8 : llilf*tiluFs r iag

!..neranccry:iist?nofln#Ni,y :,'.,,',';'-The most scaqdalgus qpEqt of the whole Club of Teo;h ' ,

crne when sburh Africa's qow ootorio's, rqforilaffiScandal.started loiti"e over and rn" gnnffi*Iiffia special Commission of Inquiry. It-was called th; Ka@;Commission and the man who-headed it *o totuny-.-l_9g:1,r1 the South ffiiTl pubtic * it" p"or. ifrovB9uuclr observers suspected thal the purpose ofthe KesrpComrnission was trnnfold: 1o give giudnq""ot b"e"flrffi ,..,.

Kenrp Comr.nission was headed-by.v oia&i*A aiii-;; .,;:

handler Jack 'Koos' Kemp, thp-heaa .f S;;.h;J*J,s .:ultra-secret Counter-Inte[igence U*t Uasea-- -gits;

,.1headqtrarters in pretoda-sv& ;;rse;licrl?iirir,iaffi |,1,selected to head his ,Comnrission of inqrriry by egfle*N . .,

,.,H.J. van den Bergh, in collusion *irn b}-ff*rJt ffiffifi . ,,

and Dr Connie Mulder, the Minister of fnformation-ffi ,.1

space to ere.t fts ddeoe and to queU the rnountine ad ...lglthe oqlosition press. rlfhat they iiA

"ot *"o* warTt il?t :

3{p' IN$'IP8 FO$Sr:'r'.': ,

nu,tehetl it was,B0 S S beieg fusmrcted to,investigatc'illegpl'sctiviti€s committed by BOSS. ::

,At !he, time Jack Kenry,grrd I were like brothers, Wehad wsrked on secret assigrunena tqgether for fouteen,lrydts. I admired him and he trusted me implicitly._ No.cfgnder then that on rr Septernber, 1978, he telephoned me

aqd aeked,me to leak the fast thatfive millionaires would be

hav.ing dinner in a private loom at Johannesburg's luxuryifollsrEn Towers Hotel that night. The,idea was that I,elould arange for iournalists from the hated English'language liberal press to rush into'the prirrate room and

.qstch thefive men having dinnerwith Mr Don Boddie' whohad strccqeded Gerald Sparrow as leader of, the Club ofTen in Britain. Mr Boddie ib a former editor of the LondonBoenfug ,News, erd as far as I know was not aware ofK€qr1p! pht. Confronted by the,liberatr' iournalilts thg

'miltrknaires would then,'have confessed to being the real

baekers behind the Club of Teni and this, Jack Kemphoped, would convincingly swerve attention away from thefoct that .the, Club of Ten \ilas a govefiunent enrerpriseillegally financed by ta:<payers' money. rr

At Jack Kemp's suggestion I leaked the news'to alr;innocent iournaliston the Jstramesburg Smr that Mr DonBoddie wes se6{etly in South Africa and later that eveningw.{rulit be having a top-level pow-wow dinner with hisequally secret rnillionaire financers in the private Van Rie-

' bgeck Room at the Tollman Towers Hotel. The ,Srar wasted:no time' quickly interviewed Mr Boddie and next morningrur a story about his visit to South Africa.* But'somethingwent wrong with the late-night confrontation planned bythe Srar at Mr Boddie's.dinner, and its reporters failed toturn up at the time aranged. i,

The netft day Jack Kernp telephoned rne to complainbitterty that I had not done my disinformation iob properly.He added ttrat Generd van den Bergh had been worried,,when my part of thd plan had not been carried out. I'Tpologized,profusely,

grplaining that I had done my best* rz September 1928.

r BoSS.,INTRTGITES . 34tmd,asked if he;rpanted_me to rnove in on tfre.stbioct byoryieF a story 1rysetj. Kesrp fu ;hi, i* ,ro, necessalyy T9h l.story had already b""r,

"o*l"J.nnd so ir had.ln Thc Citiznthe next a"y a" anicre ffilii6fi;iiicilff;five millionaires had agreed ro .**ii5-fremselves as.,thsrsecret backers of the Clu! of Ten. eJ ii rr"pp""s, ih; A;t.. intrigue_faited in the end andttreilir

"ff;-lir" irifrffil.Ten and other secret fron$r d;l"dtd';;il6; il;;d,by government of the newsp aper The.1iizen ro the tune,of,gver.{zo rnillion, caused tte iownaff ;;di;;";;;ff;il,lregidpg lohn Vorster, g*".*t ff. lli" O* tsergh,-pj,Eschel Rhoodie and Di Connie Muii;"-*'

My disclosure abolt lack Kemp is a pertct oramplE of l

how B o S S and the soritu arrGJg"riiii"* emptoy anylactic, even a fake Commission of i"qui-rv to deceive theSouth-African public and.the world. ' "^_tn_th9

British context Jack fempt call to me was like ano.!{ Ballev judge telephoning " *it{;..o p;"r"rt the couneof iustice in a trial b"er ,rit i"t !9;;; ;;;ilng: ;i';l;

|*d.dpll these facts, 3s I taped Uotfr fris telepiioni;il6to me in tulI and his voice has teer, "uifrintid;;-bti*putable sources in both.Lo"Ao" una JoliaruiesUurs.I knew the South African g**-""iwlufat lito a.nvmy disclosure of rhe Kemp dommission iakery,imd,that isylv, 9qrlg a secret mo--day *."ti"ji"i"r*a i",ieao,I.han4ed the Jack Kemp €pes to the Jne man r trust aboveall others in Sbuth arrica.H" i, M;-Ad;;sp".,iiJ, ilriaward-winning editor in chief of South Africa,s &rU";;liberal nerilspaper the Rmd Oa;ty Uit.-"'^ "4*"9

with the tapes, Allistds;"rk; returned to SouthArrrca ald mormted a-lengrhy investigation. Four monthslater the Rand.Daily Ucil Jplashea ifri'"t"ry uors ite frontpage-(zz October r ggo)., When the Rand Daily Mail asked General Kemp tdelnl$q_wnr he had o*ilnuO ;" ;;-A*; i"rri*-rrJ#

gfeO.l.'l "*."ftqq I cannot colRment, I am not entitlerdtorr$ lmg-nr of, lt might not have hap,pened, but I,am:afr.*idid.lam not going to comment.,

''tW:' '${sll}$'8O$$,

,, ',.!!ai &kcf.ommission of laqniry tritk qrs trfst used by*rer$mh A&icao govcomsut",as.:farbac* as 1964, wtren@lic,indignaion was mqrrdng about tlre secret activitiesof,the notorious and sioist€r Afrikaans Broedcrbond @ondof Bmthers).

:On 9 fune rg6+ the South African Premier Dr Hendrik.:V,€fqroerd announced in prfrmrent that a one-man C.onr-

:ruiSqim,of hquiry, underAppeal ludee D. H. Botha, wouldibvestigate the Bond and sinrilar'secnst organizations'.t' Thg Bond willingly agreed to gilre evidence to tlre'hquiry - which was held in carnera -"and it canre out of.the w6ole thing unscatlred" What the South African publicdid not know about the inWiry ws that:Dr Verwoef,d, theqran who set it up, was ltimself'a seoet and top Broedesbondmember.1 Eren mote disgracefir,l, the t*o key men wlro hdped theHmmrable lq@eiBotha with the day+oday running of&e inquiry wdte also secret aod high-ranking lrnernbers of,*€ Bond. TheD' wer,e Mr J. n J..Coetzer, who led all thetcvidenebefore the Cfirrrission of Inquiry, and Mr C, M;rrm Niekerk, who acted as the secretary for the inquiry.Both men held senior poeitims in the South African Depatnnnt of lustice.

I do nst know whettrer lrrdge Bottra was a mernber of the,sooderbond or not, but rire above facm prcve quite cleadyfiqpthe Commission of Inquiry was, at all times- well andtnily nobbled. Nb wonder the Broederbond was eronerated.

The stories I have.telated about Enoch Powell, HaroldEore8 Judgs C€rald Sparroq his Club of Ten, and theI(op and Erocderbond Commissions of trnquiry, illustratebm much Pretoria worries about what appears in news-pape$ and the extiaordinary amount of dme, effqrt and'morey they spend on ttre subiect. Apart from the fact thatPretor,ia uses press clipping agencies to rnonitor newspapers'particularly in Britain aad America' they also have several

' ffiall British n€Npspapers on :what'is known as the 'hateligt'. I was told to keep a special ey€ on som€- Amongst

,808.S ,tNfrif,buds , 343

}ry werc tIrc C*fuIh Eerat{ tfu Kansirgto; hst,Tribnu aad,the Harcl Hanps*derrd. These iOlmafstn#I special dislike of,aparttnit "nd

,eg"iarf,nbfid.d.anicles-giving it a hiding. Bur one *,fii G"fiffi&-take pfide that BOSS men ar &e Soutn efri-cari;?6.#in London read errery word of it. fhi" ils the Hofiostactqtd_Htg-hgatz Express;known as the .Ilarn ana High'rkrichcrfllar€s in an arca wherc,ruany top tsritish li6enits;rd#.,South African exilc, reside.

. When lfrst arrived in London, pretoria thought it iiMbe a good idea for,me roger a iob on tlr"t """"oi"*"i';Afor an interview with ur eir*a l**ian il;;;-r;q,Pg * y'as dqly editor of trre

""r*p"p"". i i",#'7aopp:d. badtyiang Mr Isaaman insrlncrively knew thde waesomething odd about me. He did not sayanything, but Igonld_tell from his ryes. A few weeks lad p"i";""tlrfa *"that after I had sen Mr Isaaman he had spoken to GerhardCohn, who ran a carnef,a shop named :pfritocran; h IilhStret, near the Hmr and High ome t *as iofa tfr"iwfodMr Isaaman had mentioned-my name Mr Cd-;;J dF9"lbed me s 'a suspicious characrer'. Gffh;d-Shn lr"dlett Sorrth Africa in the mid-r96os, and his wife Gertrudewas banned under the Supprlssfuin of go;udsir:,;;when she lived in Johannes6urg - ----- - ,--

As a matter of routine BOSS monitors att Lertss to dreEditor columns in British ry*-p6; ft.v "*f**nt n;any letrer which mentions Soutn Afica or is uritten UimySouth African listed on their pofitical AU it-iJi.ruftl,surprisiog how much *rey can itean nom suO t"ttil.;*org|er one tiny mendon in a-small tristr paper wfrl,*r iwould have oyedooked, as there seerned fo

-Ue nOthincpolitical in it at all. But one of the eagte_eyea a*t **T

POS q headquarters in pretorie spott& firat a glack ;;i;from South Africa had settled ina smatt vitid";;-C*iand that"she was .very impressed' by the tdl;hrot-.,*;children attended. ------;:

The rnatter was followed yp gI a South African egcrrtthen based in Dublin, and hl disovered that 11ri:i,S6&

r'",ir:5l:r

'..r'-..tlt,:;,

rir:j':ii!

I.l

:"..1'_:l

B€ISS EO$s lNrRr.GuBs . 34S

' ulpuran ,was liring with,.s;:.l mhlte ' political eile frotlIohanneeburs. Pretoria discwqd that tlhe White rnbn was

i*tffi i"6;to a cover addrese in Cape Town. His letters,srere intercepted when they reaehed Cape Town' an

a[eeed Comm.unist cell was'srnashed as a result" and several

mri w"nt to iail. From small aoorns big oak trees grow.

1',BOSS is so cunning thst it even monitors lelters inoverceas flewspapers which prabe South Africa. This maysound sillv,. but, as H. J. van den Bergh said, 'Weld be

stuoid if we didn't.' Vhat he was looking for were people

whir misht be of some use to $outh African intelligence. Ifthe pro-South-Africa letter writers worked in a gwern-rneni d"p"tttn*t in Britain they rnight be put lo g99d

use., I p-ersonally vetted some of these.pro*Soutlr-Africatypes.' '''Another newsl4per .which io top:priority on Pretoria's

hste list rs *e Ahi'Apartheid Na,os, which often contains

acmnistrinelv "{eru clues. BOSS claims the British

Anti-Apanheid Movement is a Moscow front organizationwhich exists not only to create hatred for South Africa butalso as a fund-raising vehicle for other Communist fronts inBritain. The Anti-Apartheid office in Londoi's CharlotteStreet has long been a prime Frget for BO S S 'infiltration

and at ocre stage this was relatively easly, as the movement' ,regilarlytook'on vohlntary wofkers. At lgast six younpters*';; se;t to infiltrate the AAM during the tirne I spied inLsndon. But they were quickly'gP9qed as spies.. A r-egular

laalent of my BOSS handler, Alf Bouwer, was 'They'vecaueht our latest man at Charlotte Street . . .'Mrs Ethel de

f"ir"t, ttren the AAM Secretary, regularlv set qapg fmnew anivals at her office and neryonal]v 9t-*!'9d st least

,,four of.thern and sent ttrem packing. As far as I know; hetVi"totio wete dever publicized. I could never quite under-utand that.: I

, :f[e Anti-Apartheid'Movement has a wide nemmrk oftrrouos opetati;g in schools and universities all over Britain,i.'ru.t Boss roainei"s io a Bl6yr'1q rbrainwash'Efiti$h

- .you*t.l,Fot tbst gnd othgr reasonsglll.'1. van den Bergh'had

spies. plaqred,at: v.arious_rmiversities in the.UK, Student,spres do nor have to be $outh Africans, thlugh stime;b"iiously

-are. I know that a ferr youngsier* fr?rn C"ror*uqgreed to

-spy, as, did some Bdtons, gOS S Ao", fus t o*e1work on these students and in eses where it is clear thm.althorrgh right-wing .in their attitudes, they ;i;ht-;A;;;spy for apaitheid they are recruited *a." tllr" f"lsQ'ehdsyst:p. It is quite simple. A German student

"*ifr-intl,"Elrorking for German intelligence and a Briton for g-rid;F tg1o BOSS had a senior spy*master operating i" ifr;,don. He recruited Americans, particularly nlact ilrrerlsas-draftdodgers or Bracks who rraa cere*eci rr- inrnsr#can forces because tr".v

-y"1: unhappy aboutlth; .d&yietnam. They worked fdr BOSS but thought ttrey AaAbeen recruited by the crA's African s..,ion. These,'farse,-flag spies often, submitted vitriolic ****t,

"Uo"tap.arthgld in their repgrts: bug H. J. van den Bergh die;d?9.: m9y were good spies for pretoria Ue"ause;heieftii$and liberals they were spying on in Britain coutC never,;lpfig

.they were agenrs for South Africa. "r": .

. The spies on_ campus stan off getting a proportion oftheir accommodation and living cost, piid tV EOS-S. ff$q do wetl everghing. ls qaid fur, ptu, u'g*C-*"ga.Spying in British universities-is not,a-difficutt 6sk, ,r'ii"i*ry1inly a maner of observation and research. f[u mii"thing the spy students look for is a .South Aftican,;;; ,

I9r'..eoy left-winger, whatever his nationality, ;h;G;friend o1 lelative in or-from South Africa is 6m;ti;;dbefriended or warched. BOSS waRts a list ,sf ,U,]'Gpoliticalfy-in9lined fri:lar on c^ampus and their:trqiladdresses, plus the addresses of aiy contafid in SouttlAfrica t fqv sound very:dme-consurning Uut the- dfm€n at .BOSq headqrrarters are ruthlesst! efficient; and,delighljn:applying themselves to smafi ietail.: egt""i.qtop-{: J, vdn den Bergh's,favourite saying: ,TdyAL;*ripid { !h"V didn,t.' r$(/hat they were- toiking fo" ,",ru,rcovet addr,esses' being. used b$r the campus fedsts-,lnr*1ffior r gutsid€. South ,,Africa. AII addresses are ,,pkcedr;fr ,

: n, j ..:: . ..".'i .' . ...... ." '.

ti*6 *rrrios,BoBf i

rl;ilrt

Pnetoria's dusD€ct list asd mmitorcd wheoenrer pmsibb"brom Ao" boSS glctffi much valuable information'gi&thry-when left-fuqg pdmbers of Britair's NationalU"ion of Students CNUS) rBrite to like-minded merrbersof,the National Union of sotr* efrican Studeots (NUSAS)'--The

information BOSS picfts up is not always of aDolidcat uature. In ry73 og in+ a letter was intercepted'wtr*, it was sent throtil! a:knsnm over address in South

A&ica used by a left-wirrg'rmrdelrt in lrilain' The leueritselfwas not important, butthe two wrall sheets ofblottingomer enclosea wittr it were rriidd+losing. Chernical tests

biwea that the halluciiretory drug LSD hld been ab'rorb.ed into the blotting paper. The South African srudentspaid fs the tSD by Fsdng birck easily obtainable dagga

i-oiiur"al seeCs toineir fri,sndsin,Britain. The dtudmts initftsit nui "

friend who worked as a gardener on the

Scqtbh estate gf a titled man. The gardener planted ttrcdasfr seeas i6-laree used for his lordship'ergx;-cdf""tiolr of o-rchids and odrer hothouse phnts. TheLSD-taking South African snrdents were trapped by theDrugs SquaA in Pretoria and toluurnesburg. +! lq$^CII:cilasiaile4 but one was not. He ws-pemraded !y!9{Sto leave Souttr Africa and continue tris stodi€s'in Britsin'Thc d€sl was'tbat he ryotrld not be pniiectrted, thus bring-hg shffiie to his prominent par€nts' if he agreed to spy forBOSS on a British campus. He agreed'

Pretoria had the occasionat spy on campus at Britishuniversities in the mid-r96os, but the real build-up came in.ro6s when BOSS wm orfficially formed. In that year my'I.loaoo handler started giving me regular inforsrationabout suspect srudents. on earnpus. H-e {id this in case tr

*asril the€tudent or any of his friends. I obviously couldnot remember' all Se names given to me over the years' so Ikeot short memory-iogging notes on thern in my private

fles at home, and i stili have all those names- If some bright'volurs British snrdent would fke to.write a thesis on thel,rtiulr, wittr the aim of finding out what bad thiggs hap-

bcrrcd to those sfirdents thel5or in later years' I rrill Sladly

- -- --:--:-:' :frt

gfu€ hnn all":dre irdh€s. I did not stwa[N find oqft,*hy,astudent had been plaeed on BOSS's slrspecr list, bur dten!e o1 {e- had been involved ir some sort of protesr about$srrrh Africa, Rhodesia or the former pornrguese Africanterritories sqq as Mozarnbique and Angola. BOSS patpp{ : . :rion its knorvledge of these snrdents to ihose countriesi h., "i ri

9::: *"1: po:9,ftrti*"oratgal aod Rhodesia pooS , ,,;imost of their intelligence information, because un -eodii-.

, ,.of one was nonnally an enemy of the others . . . . t Tor one wtrl .nornralry an enemy ot tne others . ;: . . I :, t

BOSS had at least three spies at,Cambridge Unirrereiry '

rn ry76, two of whorn were aerive in the ad-ican Socii*ir. . ,

which operated on campus and had about 3oo menrbed. f:could always tell when BOSS knew very littte aboutt :

suspect student or carnpus ag my handler would only,give ' '

me 'file data' zuch as date of birth, and perhaps addreeseS. '

There would be no, personaliqy backgbund. gut when ,,,.;ljBOSS had an agent close to the suspect, a god indication ,

of his personality, Iikes and dislikes would be added to tlrcbackgrounder I was given. For instance, in D€aembff .itgrTzrwhan I was sent the name of Bob Hepple, then a hw : ilecturer at Canrbridge, k was clear that BOSS had some- Ione close to him and that all the backgound infornratioiwas less than six weefts old. I knew.N{r Heppte was a poHti- .

,

cal refugee from South Africa, as in 1963 H. J. van den 'iBergh had told me to mounr a smear atlegng that he had

',been a Security Police inforrner. I did so, but it was aooutright lie.

BOSS spies acted on campus at Oxford Uni.rersiry,ion':t974 and a very good one worked there as recenily as rgr78.Leeds University is the most hated by BOSS, as a longliet of South African political. figures including NelsonMandela, gram fischer and Ddnis. Brutus hive beenvotedlonorarSl vice-presidents by students on that campusover the last fifteen years. I am quite sure BOSS will hq&,.spies there wen today. At one stage Pretoria hired a firm {privite detectives to spy on sftrdents at Reading Univgr_sili.-

Pretoria was also interested in Keat University at 'buiy: ' . ,

'l

ffi,.'{N$tDE:Brg$$, *

;. ;:IvIes;rye tu ryst1t RotT'ftmi BO"S'S @Naat date tut',,',",,, bnozPrt):' .' . : ' rr' ' r, /

' 'BLOOM, Harry, auttior of "Enisoddl'and a named

'Cofi[uoirt'iit sa'*tto wit"t ott la* for the Brittsh,. iit"L aJ-s*d;t ii*.t. Lortdon address 13 F1oel{

no"i. fft*ostead, London. Query: Is he connected withFi.a" CotdUlatt of zgenrcgg.tat, London NW3? He isFreda zga"Frognal, London NW3?-He is

L.noi"n in law at Kent University'Canterbury' Query:Wft"t

"on""ction does he have, if any, with Dan Mokon-

'[iT: ;81ffi;;;lh;;.i' tuot6"v*e's address is :

iS, Wi"a"neap, Canterburyr Kent' Ends &iessage"

E*",", University also came under scrutiny:

Musage to agent RotT from BO'SS (Seltember ::t,)t

. .. MBRVYN Bennunr an old C Ustomer of ours. NoW a

f""ntt.t "t,ft"

Faculty oiL"*, Exeter University, Gandy, lil;; E;J;r.-we ttiu" information he^agitated students

"" "*itr* i"aemonsuate against the Springbok RysbY

i.* of'Uf.''lB*utt is a leading light in the Exeter Anti-;;h"td c[.-ittee. Home

-address; Connetts, Nad:;J;;;, Exeter EXA zLD, Phone Lpngdown 3!4'Ends message.'

I Pretoi"ia was acdve at Sussex University, the first spy

U"#r*t tttere at a time when Peter Buntlng was chairrnan

Ii.rl""-e"ri-Apartheid group on that campus' Peter is the

ssn of Brian and Sonia Buntrng

' Eiupt lroxt secret BO S S fi'Iu (rgr+)'qBUNTING, Brian Percy. Adutt Vhitf-Jewish Male

'Uqfiil ioha*islturs gl4,lrgzo, ttre son-of Sidney Percival

i""jtitn ir""*er le-aiii of the South African Communist

f"Fifo died 1936) and Rebecca Bunting' also. a-fo.rria"r t**uer of-ihe SACP who was born Nadorvitz

liif, di"d t" iondon r97o' Brian Percy Bunting worked as

" riptnet

"n the,nand DailyMail until V:tld Var Two'

"*il'fi,hfi"ft.das lieutensnt. Renrning to SA ioinedsteff

of. official _S{qP organ ..Jhe Gr.rardian', becomingeditor 1948. Eleaed Member of parliament (BaotilRepresentative lVesterq C,ape) in r95z untit r9j3',whenunseated after beingnamed as Communist. Bannil rrnderSuppression of Communism Act tg6z and, servedlrBi*rhouse arrest order. Ffed to Britain i963, elected CentrfllCornmittee member of SACp',.in exile." Author bf"Rise of the South African Reich', @enguin, rS69) endnow writes for.Russian news agency TASS in il;doe..Wife Sonia Beryl Bunting (bom fsaacman r9z4)r,aleqIisted Communist who first joined SACP ng.a rS.-Wcnrworks in senior advisory c-apacity r"t ariti-epr"r-iiiitMove.rnent and Canon Collinsr international b"f"""e-and Aid Fund in London, where she liaises with v€tefanS_ACP mernber Rica Hodgson; The Buntings have threechildren and live ati 32 Oakshott Avenue,

-London N6.

Telephone: 94e75r6,' :

The London School,of Economics is the most importurtseat oflearning in London when it comes m SOSS rpd.A South African sgent was active there as far back asig6,Vgtd was closely connected with and spying od Mr RonnifIfusrils and his friends. Ronnie Kasrils, now aged,forty,fled from South Africa in 1963 and so did his wifa, EhanorKasrils, n6e Andelson, who was born in Scotland. Eleanor$as{ls escaped ftom,police custody after feigning a mentalbreakdown caused by interrogation andmanaeed to smuesleherself out of South Africa illegally. Ronnie Kasrils is ri'ildby Pretoria as 'one of the 3o m6st dangerous South,Africanpolitical figures in Britaintoday'. BOSS constantly mountssmear stories in the South African press claiming that MrKasrils is. a member of the South African CommunistParty who helps to train Black guerrillas to be sent to Squrb .

Africa for sabotage purposes. Boss:claims that IVIrKasrils works closelywitlr Mr Joe Slovo, . who is the guerrilla-warfare expert for South African Communist parw tarcCin Maputo, Mozambique, and a Colonel in the I(Cg'. ,

From "ne to time I put little snippes-of information

3!0. rN$lbt:Boss."-':

.:@lier:nrhfeh raisect eo$pldoas;,ful tnyr miod'dut aeftatn:.e6*dcr$son.campuses were spyingforSmrth Afrie; but to'name thein here would he rinfeir, as some ould be com-pktely innocent-

BOSS is not interest€d otrly in teftists in Briain. In'tlre early rg,Zos I was asnigaed to cornpile an in-depthidoasier on atl right-wing igoupe in the UK, panicr.rlarly,Soee which criticized Blects being allowed to setde in,8ritain. My iob was to fnd tre ffgureheads in eadr rnove-srent and how many genuine members were on its books.(Pretoria warned me that most of, ttrcm lied about ttreirmerrbership strength.),," I sperit serr€ral monthe compiling tttis dossier, whictr con-tsiaed rnrious psnphlete, publications :and all addressesand telephom:qrmbcrs. Much later I discovered the @onfoe 'ary pnobe. A senior BOSS operative told me that Fre-tdii int€nded hehing cenain rtght-wing movembnts inBritain by sluicingiedet cash funds to them. The point to!&i*nbei'here is that anythingwhich might (oonfirm'the

.&tr*r Afrdcan government's views that race is a problern,utd drat countrifotlcrttran Sotrth Africa have difrcultieswith their Bhek ddzens, can be srue of getting @vErtsupport from Preoria in one'forrn or eother." , 'Orteof .Pfetdriat best-kept eeses,is tlrat'BOS$ had,;ldd ller gurr still hm, people wo,rfting for it in main.'pq6t ofrce sorting sectioas in London. Ttre anount of in-,fottration obtained thmugh these men is phenomenat and'Sm.lth.African exiles in Lonel6n,can btame themselves forriawittingly causingttre whole thing in the first place.' Itdl started wa,y back in ear$ 1965, when a BlackrsouthAfri€n exile took'a prt-time iob as a postal sorter at apgii sortirlg oection in Lorrdon; He had got ttre job hcause4ilie Blitish post office emplop extra workets during the'heaw Chrisamas and New Year periods. As lre sortdr&rcrrgh lettem, he handled many going td Smth Africa,and this fave him an idea. IVhy'not stick anti-apartheid:labels on all the letters addr€ssed to South A&ica? Wlren hept"*d his plan before the British Anti-Apartheid Move-

$rcqtthef eppilo\red itr an€ alirgf ,number sf-sri*c6s *srreptuited by cotumbia hirirers of ri"tuo*,,rdi;ffi'Ibe message on them was simply .Release South AfricalrPolitical Prisone$?. ,, : ,.

Pretoria was furious when hundreds of letters b€arinqthse propaganda stickers arrfued in vq{ious p*

"rffiAfrica. I was told atl about th.b by I{. J. van den *rch,,",said I ooutd rrritea story aborit ana I did.* H;-;;H,,,tioned.som€rhinq +q *iy-g i rd;;;r";;;; .P**+ 9l euiettr co"',plaid to Vhitehall, *dliffi:.:malter had been passed on to the British post offoe" whie .too| a-vryl "!- oi"* of its rnair being dmpered *i.UEanybody for what€ver nearpn. An investiftti* d;;;#in-the relwant sonin! scion in Inndon, a"d whm;h;ctrlprit was disoveied he wm reprimanded-o, *.t ud" I{.--f.T".dT.gogh was qrrite pleased about that, Uut Ae ilsigdea by the reacrion he reoeived throush diplmdc&aqnds, which said W-hitehal thought tne ilofe inciO6i .wm lrather amusin& old ch"p'. '*4O.,;'

. HJ told nc that dris hd giiren hipo the idea of*le$lry.&.,1,own back He w.as_going to assign oie of his m""b *d* rsa pooral sorter in london'druigg the next Christmae nlo[p€riod. He did, and the rncn had such fantasric".roer*}t ,

the plan was extended to the.pgint yhere "

mruii l""uffi 'dqhSw -ing

Londonerg working as full-time sortds, wcepaid to intercept 'C.omnunist and liberal letrers'. ib th;b€inning HJ was not so nruch bothered about interceodletters to and fmm South Africa. Vhat he wanted was idto mail sent from other ountries, or inside Britaiq itcelf,, toertain 'target' addresses in London, suctr as the aeicanNational Colgress, Ca.non Collins? Defenoe and'Aid Fundand the Anti-Apartheid Movement.

The plotran smoothly and as far as Iknowthere was only9pe TngH slipup This came in the early r97os, wtrend[ '

g.luq African govenrmenr appointed the C6mrsibsion,bht ,kquiry-into tle Natioqal Union of South African StqddilF :'

(NUSAS), asd four srembers'of BOSS* Jofuanncsbnrg St@y Exptx, Z March rg6S.

BOSf;:-!t*!&gnEJ r 36r

gav€ *s4

.:,''I . l. . r "

3!F - r![stD* ao6s

€vid$ce be{bre dut Commiesion. 9ne of them was Pieter

S*"*ul, ththead of BO$Sfio+White $u*pects' division'H"'haia"{ the Commission'many photocopiec gf lettss;httii hsd been intercepted &r BOSS by ttre South

African.oostsl authorities iirsfde Sou*r Africa' But Swane-

poJ-*d""-U"A rnistake. He hed not notic€d th€t.o"" $tl'r:i.trt * had been posted flom'the offices of *re WorldU*o"oity Servici in Gellerya to the Anti-Apartheidm**tit"ti* in London. His eror was not picked uP yntilif* C"-"tission published iu final rcport sn N U S A S* and:d6"r."* was ttLt" for all the worl{19 see' But nobod'y

fru*a *t" full significancc of it, oo HJ's poetal sofiers inL""aon carried on*reir dandestine work.-'ftdditt* to obrious 'political' lddresges. in London*16 pwal sorters were atso asl€d to keep their eyes*6pen

f"{'Lf,lrqs gping to South Afriean Associarcd Newn-Palers

6':ifr-'siuttr-African Argus Groupi whictr bottr have

, ffil*;t ff"et Su""t where-sev€ral South African iournal-"irt*

"* based. Monitoring zuch people proved to be a'veriabte treasure ctrest for BOSS. In January ry71 a

ir*"rfirt named Paaick Lauren@, who was then workingit r ttt" lot *t

"sburg Srat managed to obtain a secret int€r-

;;-;fth R;l*ti ifr"trg"ii* sobuktre, the banned lder,of the ParAfticaniet Congress. Being secruity-conscious'

Pamick posted the story to a colleague of his naured lohn''eGdii;htworked at-the Srar's office in FleEt Street and

o**O nm to pass it on to Mr Coiin Legum of the Obserttet

i**"p"p*-girt ttre letter never arrived atthe Smr's ofrcel itm" litti"cWt"a by one of BOSS's po€tal softer friends ini;d";;a gmti to Alf Bouwer, my handler at the South

African'Smbassy.'-Ui*f,S."rtt Aftica's Suppression of Cornrnunism ltct itls'a seriousoffence to quoteb banned person such as Robert

Sqbukwe, and in his siory for the ObsaverP-atrcktaurence;d; quottd Mr Sobukwe several times' Realizing tlat a-"fr"td.t"t

of the story might not be sufficient to have

i;;; convicted, Alf Bo-uwerposrcd the original leaer* Tbe Sdrlebqr* Coqnmtuci{'q.8epotrt G.P/fr of rgz+)'

ry.sfr s1{&ltftIeu8 g _ gSE

q*.k r" q" South African polie. He then rclephsned JofrmCo@ in,Pretoria to telt him the tcner w6oa*,ei, -y.Coetzee, as I have mentioned earlierywas orr* *y lr*iii"in Joharirresburg and is today se head of rtre south AfiieSecurity Police. l , .,

-i;. To_deffect_suspicion away ftom dur postal sorters in Loo.don, Johan Coetzee waited until the litter

"rriuea- a"O:.dtii*

tootcit alo.ng to Patrick Laurence indicating that it hd G@.ry** by an anonynous person in tG .grar,s Imddnomce. At the same time I was told to leak a rrmrour,sfiisryBt rSouth African joumalists in London that one of.dre,.fu:porters working in the .Srar's London office was a -8OS6,agent who had seen Patrick Laurene's t tt"""oi*r.*a n"ad"," i, frorn |ohn Cundill's desk before he affiv€dttwork that morning. There was no BOSS ugrrt *orning ilthe ,Srar's London office, but this rumour &"tainfy startaa spy scare there at the time.

Patrick Laurence wae brought to court ana niuna guihrrof communicating the quotes of a banned man by post-wttir

.the intenrion of getting thern published in the Obi*z,n.Wereceived an eighteen-month iail term suspended for thr€eyears. Back in London, in August rgia, Labour MpMr James Wellbeloved was so mvsunea Uj,-tiris care Aat nep!e{^the B+ish governmeni to invbtigate :nrh€r}srBO S S agents had intercepted the letter in tlie .grar's Lon-don.ofrce. Mr Vellbeloved and Mr Laurence now knowrhesnswer to that mystery.

. Dgring the.years I spied for Soudr Africa in Britain my

.hqd"T rggularly shorved me photostats of tetters,podin London ro orher addresses in London. On sne d;h"my handler, Piet Sctroeman, handed me a photostat of,a1egt91 w.hi9h was pinned to a photocopy of tlre envelorpe fuyhich.it lua 9ry1 posted. I-read the envelope nrsr asdi4*{"t$ s-aid fThig was urritten by Dennie Brurse, ilrecognize his handwriting.'

The letter had been sent- --9- ,

had been $errt by Dennis Brunrs to Mrs.B&B*$,ofusor at tlre Def,ence and AidofficeinNe*gate€dIn it,'Decrnis mentioned his alrri-Sourh-Afrfu wgrs

" 4fui'"iitsrJry'soss'' "grurp SANROC, sd 1iil h 'sorH be eeodiag MsHodgpon " ryy ii O"--U'"* sf smc Fecritrg' I{€ also

sdid,lb€n{dri itiffi*uy a prcviors lerter he had

"*, ; Mtt n"lfr;, "t**'itq::5:f: #.ffiffiS

&e meeting in question, hednotamveil; i" ** "ffmffi.iltr"ffii'brack

coffee all', :i; ,;Pi€&Sfuernewtr the r"* "lt"*ilii*ti"g

ii q ni'i ae* in the Sonth

'." ' .iilifrlips g-brt;;"i;[''ffi:o* beec unable to go* it

dL' oen the enveloPes'of,,t, "11."*"a prct how.he mrnagpd to o

; .*eTffi?iii* l*u-e.? to"*:oia he steam' them

open with "

u"iffi-r<r*iJ-* {id. -T use a long 'spinning

.niedle'device *rEn' *ui" inr*rted into the tilv o"$ 1t

ffi;;i;i;;A&'ffi$re.remer up eo tishtlv tbat it

iiro.ur*u,affifpiJ-t**"4 1nd said zudr tricks were

old hat. N", d;'d'J*"tf,ta' he exolained' had be€n

picked .rp fro*-ffi"n im"Uigt"o' ritro-used : tpo-?l

eluedisstr"'ag-"tt*tiJto opcn'sealed envetropes' For some

ffi;ffi'AHiJ.;"ft;JY be usd on ivorY' so'Piet

ilff;; '*"e;*'-J;urd s,ry-n* in Londo'n until he

forurd a wafer-thiri ivory letter-open€r' He apparelrtly had

;;ffi; ;;;Gililt"*"""tiutt"d the elue on the flap- of,the "**b;';ffi

il*tLi b" seatei again without

give-awaY rnarks'on motner #asioaPiet Schoem-m shorped ne a different

',' ,1 t#J61it;;ffi;ttbe"'i' Bnrars to Mrs Rica

'. ' llodgson o" ilti'-3*i" gunting at a entral London,;,:.- address. f" Oir"fh#ii* "

fbigi"i"" the names and tull

ffiIL;f ';'d;a;;ornft 9v& thewortd*19h9il;; # kiirilia;sr*s attended by .left-wing' 1q9-

whictr I still hrye'i;,':''-, - -'ffi;;'t"#;-how his gents in the oost office managsd

;:., , . , r to pass fe,ttos ooio fri*. tlo" lgqts iraa to be entremely

carctul *h* -;;;ii"sJ;;' ""tti"-gtiti"h

post office has a

ffi &;fi; "ffi "?t'Gtui

t"i"J t"'gt1"t'.men who oft en

#;;"tke-il;td"g areas by infiltrating a man urto

1t

"BOSS TNT&IGUES'355

their section or sometimes even by watching them secretlytht'ough holes in glazed windou's or one.way iniirors. Thissecurity aquad enists mainly'to catch dishonot postglworkeri suspected of stealing- registered envelopes asdparcels. The postal sorters worting for Souttr Africpnintelligence slipped letters under &eir armpits or in to thFir,undertants a,iA-tnetr went to the lavatory, where *re letterswere passed to an accomplice waiting outside. The accom.plice inet Piet Schoernan in a near-by pub and the hendorr.eriook place under or over the wall of two adioining toiletctrbicies. Piet dashed back to the Embassy in a taxi, opirn$the letters, made photostats of their contents and retus4n$the originals by the same toilet procedure within the hourr

Piet iaid he spent a lot of pennies. 'But,'he guipped' :itLs

money well spent.'

"::. '

,j

]!.,t,l,ta.! !:i. :r:/t,r" i:::.: r, i' l.

THE SMEANING OF

. TTTF SMSABING .Or StrAN iWINBN . 35?

', ,I'ftsd dme dris !o get a sae*pi€sre df Stan;;ttrt lt:rfs'.rot such awart mo\r€, becauserrst *pm&osionril d{tel,it .:

man hlnselfi, tre knew oractly wtffi I had donel Ib o attemptrto cover up I then stood up and tookanotlrcr pictrre of hilrl:openly.,tater he conrplained to,Wilfrid about thls.. l#hibStm was in the kitctren at onestage his wife Astrid cas$ilf 'mentioned he would be flying to South Africa strortly toc1$i'.,.,his mottrer, who was tnot wellt, , ,-1., .:'i.1-..,,, .':

.Returning to my flat I typed out an urgent rryort dhsnded it to my BOSS handler next day. In ttre rcp6ft:irecoruil€nded ttrar Stan \Winer ehoutd be watctrld wfiilg$li.,:''South Africa as he talked like a leftist, was married to sColoured wof,nan and wgs abo a &iend of forncir Robbdn": '

Island prisoner t$filfrid Bruttrs.Pretsria wasted no time in flssldng back a mgssage Bsyidg

Stan's mother was certainly not ilI, so his movefirens wolaHbe monitored when he arrived in |otrannesburg. By tlris ;

timemy roll of film had been derreloped and I sertt BO8$, .:a copy of tlre photograph I had,toften of, $tsr- in \Vilfsid,h .r:

home..This was so ttrat BOS$ could'easfly ideoti& Stn+'&the airport in Johaniiesburg. B O S S also asked me to bbtelnmore dataon Stan Winer an4 tohelp mefanriliarizemyuelfabout him, sent a good backgrounder. It wo eo fascinatiafthat I kept a mernory-iogging set of notes:of the csseutialfacts. This, in my own words, is roughly what BOSS to&dme: l

'lffiaer, Willian Stanley, alias "Stan" - adult VhiteJewish male born Johannesburg rclzlrg4r. Chargd underknrnorality Act rg66 after arrest by police in a Cape,Tornnbedroom with Miss Astrid Franciir, an ,adult Colouredferrale born Wynberg, Cape Town z5lrolrg45. Case with-drawn thmugh lack of evidence that illgal sexual,inier.course actually planned ahhough the fenrale was wearingtrou,sers only as she lay in bed and Winer was naked. \t(iipefleft SA for Malawi in 1967, followed by Astrid Francis.,ln

r- 1968. They wene rnarried in tlre Registpr Office, Blafflf*,.,Malarri on 6lglrg6g,9olry*lohn 9onnel1y ("ot oe,F$

,., , ,,srAN WlNf R '

If any man has good cause to loathe me-it is Stan Viner' a

South-African-fornptoto-ioumalist'Incollusionwith;dff;;*il p*t i"-" curipaign of denigratiog

"itn"d-"t#;rt"; hi*; a soss sni' 1t wee so zu3cesstul q"! S:#; fi;ititaie"ea in driaon - even bv sorne Britistt

r"*"i.V **.In order to protect myself against Stanls freak q1{*Y^y

ns[-i;; "

gOSS ug"r,t, t del'iberately befriended his wife

ffiidfti;J; ;6i"s;aphs of her.in mv London flat and

;ttil;;t',f; i-o"f sbuth African exiles to lprove'

$;;;- *tti"g false-claims against me becau$e he was

lealous sf mv affair with Astrid''"i"nlr."t""itt*ritit".ut r4 March 1973, when I dropqe{

i"'f"i'*u';" *lti Nortrr London home -of S{NBOC;il;. rvilrtia Brutus. Stan was there with agrid'.r ry3s

;*ti*ea'Uv Statt ftom thqstart, as he was sensitive' intelli-

r,ntlwen-reaa ana articutate. I did not like the look of him'

fffid,;tt"-*ot" " tutty black polo-neck sweater' badly

ilff:'i ttiirt:**t" suede booteei and ar old coat of a

i-lF.t-it ""'i""r

to ttis ttouters' His shiny blhck hair applared

il;;G;; carenruv permed 11on-e of those thick' frizzv

nt*Ati* styles so'Fiputar with American Blacks at the

;il;.'il;ffi-t"d ; ch" cu"uuta-tvpe moustache and

;;; *ittt " *o"o that kept uttering matching Marxist-

Leninist verbals.-E * rroticed two Leica camtras i1 my open-topped

otttt"i and we stafted to talk.abogt pfrotoetqphl: p$ngone ofthe cameras out and pressing thc shutter I said 'That's

;'tty;p;;6l"i".t ; trtiv've got a-quiet shutter'which makes

pio*tiirg pictures so much easier''

Itj lr,:l

,,Inf,onnation was reeived by Cape Town Securit*)P{liib

I' fiat,Vines' had, tJr.roqllB,{*4 .ryqkcdrfor }{&rine'Diamond., Corporadqh wittl EiqtitriTsf-€tldssi the insanqhalf-caote

who assassinated Dr Verwgbrd in 1966, Agent $zgg bascd'in Malawi was assigrred to monitor r$(/iner and wife and ifooqible have them arrested gn:a possession of drugs chalgelhere leading to their ortradition, if convicted, back to SA.Agent reportea back that he offered to suqply \(riner withcannabis- but \tr7iner denied using it. Winer and wifeobtained castr grant from ther United Nations oryce JnZomba, Malawi, under pretence they were political rcfu-gees from SA. Using the-gragt&ey ffew to Britain Srriving'f ;eathrow airport nlrclrry.Tbey bookedinto YWCAat,Vjctoria for tfie first'night ina tneir.toot a small rented flatin London. Winer, a South African passport holder,applied for'British work permit,.firet refirseA (Tihtfiv,oti;ttslr) then approved (Trtfuner tol8lr97r). \triner got

**la hU a* t5'pistltetepnonist at UK ImmigrantslAd.visory Service (UKIAS) in St George's Churchyard,Bloomsbury Wag i,ondon VCr, through Anti-ApartheidMovqnentiecreiary Mrs Ethel de Keyser, who was friendlywith John Ennals, then director of UKIAS.'

Jqst trventy-three days after mymecting with Stan Winerat Witfrid'slidhe, Stan flewto SouthAfrica, amiving,*rereon'6 April. A police tail was placed on him, but somehow

rney mtfrim ana ne vanished for nearly two months, whictrcaused such a panic in BOSS that they sent me a message

asking if Stan could possibly have returned to Britain. He

' hsdh'i and,they taced him again in fuly 1973, wherr a

trventy-four-hour watch wss kept on him.Stan was quite definitely 'up to nonsense ', as they quaigtly

describe it in pretoria, and wi&in one week police caught

liiq ced-handed in a Black area. He was filming Blackpoverty scen€s with a rnovie carnera and equipment-\ilofth-

, iilq. They also found sixty-two gpams of cannabis, whichSian claimed had,been secretly placed'in'his car by thepolice.';: One day after his arrest, police visited the honre of.Stan's

pdto: Mrs Elsa |e[jman, who watcM as drey searchedStan's bedroom. But she was "rud il;;y

" ;ilrl?[];a couple of minutes, and when ,t" "[rtu"*"'J;;;;;;held-up a quantiry of

"rn""Ui, il-*uidl" had .fotrad inStan's wardrobe. ri's an ola pou,e-ui"I';difi#frtr;

'.hd{ttg charge' an$ time ;" ;rd;; tsffi;-ffitfithey keep a suspect in cgstody. -- - ---.' '-_-:-- ',:'l:.

After about ten dlls in sotitary confinement Stan ivasreleased on bail and iirmeaiatefy fi"d;;;;HSwazilahd and freedom. o"r"Gtii"rgrr1."i* was betralredby a rilfodd C,ouncil of Churches;fdrJ; *h" ;iuitn;;,frwas some kind of,Communist saboteur. trrut ,iUr i,i"iJiilbecause the South African *"**";";;;;;;G

"lrili;out propaganda that the Sforld Council of Cfriucfres is itotlllv Communist-infiltrated a"a -"o"t"ofl"a bod";:- - -Stan^wgs t[rown ba$ over the bordi"i"io ,t

" ,iir""*i"garms of the South African police on ,o august. Now hereally was in troubre. tn adaition ." o" "nr"',il;bi;

ctrgrges against hirn he had ir*pia-Lril-il,lefrHiltAfricailtegafly. It was engug\ i".d**tJH", fi;&";;tiailat 1!e v_ery least. But, tuo"nicalty,i;; ht", frd;h".

.Bgk in London I had discoverdd tnat Stan frad been com-missioned by Canon Coltins, D"f.d;;;ia-f*-A Otlil"T"".* fitm of poor Black.tving conaitions-in-S1ffiiilfi.Al the same time he had Ueeniecretty n"L".a, to the arneof morg than {5,ooo, torake pictures

"fft;il";;"ffi;tarsery by a senior member oi the Africin-NatidJd;:gress in London, Mr Ben Turok. ----- .

.

THE SMEARING OF STAN

Exeerpt from secret B O S S fiIes e97S)t .

'TP|9.K: Beniamin alias .,Ben,,. White Adultnylf*: lg'i-f rawir igzz.-s"irrca it "&ilii;k1-":_1r111'::9: Y* a"

""..'J"d i'-, i;;;i;iil

:lyj^1,Y:::_withdrawn.A{,ameq!;;;;;ffi;'h"'^iifibanned under the Suppre,sri"" ;i c;;*;i;;'id196r. A former membei of the C"p" piooi""iui'C;;She was arrested under the B.pf"ii"e"1*";;;H;;

;,'.,'ii.J*

ffi ;r.*N$fel;*O*S;'r I I l;! : :;{;': r'fj:"l'

'1,' gpilty of bcing s'psrty p P.A.{e's. ''n$peaf,'S'9f, iilii*r,qabottgc detntfogo'bv helpingtopl4t *'bocib

ilil a**6 or lot6niu"rt's niryit Street Post

ffi-;- tipi.tXr: ttt" tugerprints. found oo news-

.#;*r"'-a-"r6.-a m*.-Sei-r'eA thrce years in iail.. 'ilGseJ;t7lrg5s ard;s€rv€d with hor:se arrest ordet', L;[ sA;tili,*ir" rut.ry Elilebe$ Turok, also'a bmned

o*o". Settkid in UK where both became affive rn-

, [F*iJlis""it, e,frican comnunist Party and the ANc', ., ilGdt"ppug ai"i* pta"tq in- th-g $NG's'I-ondcr" ffiJinffi .m;;;dnitet,Reinald-septeaibe wped,,;;;;;;; tuctt"t tttir tpu"t wneo lutotlasked .himisensitive'questionr. : \"

ltut"r. t "AAtusst

19 Abbots Gardens'London Nal Intgdt;o[-fl""' to Zt-ti" to run an ANC oftce and

,, ;;;srist,ttsi"itlg ganp tten"' Mtry' Tuok followed'him

w4l6ltY78J*

''Whitg tnvestlgating Stan Winer" !{8t .with Ben

h ;;il,'i-#;e il;; fri;e of Asuid's that.9!e lradili#;;A ilary lurot to- gav-'somethpe !emt19 has

Hl"aT."rua'".m*ri**ff "f'?%".tT-1mary trrot ieplied 'My goodnest, BF wt.be T9T"";

No, wh a minute. . . We must not talk on tne pnone' rffi "*" rctrnd to see you smaight away'l

' '- i ,f flashed this conversationback to B 9 -S S qractly t*ttlA

Siri;:tu, ilt *e io1et-sutolt morgd in.on Sran Wi!€rrilili"n *c tortoti"J rtfr. But rather than betray Ben

ffi;k: Sti ;;;-.;-"i,**i1 suicidq bv cutting bo-th his

*tito.'fni" convinced gOSS that Stan -was

a a-Vea;1n-1\

*"oiCo*-"ist. Only Corynuy91s...ttT"'h: kioq, ofdis"l"ti"" which dictates ttrejr should kill themselves rathef

rtr*tt"ouy a comrade. (fhat is BOSS propaganda' not

*Tl.Ttfioksnowlivebcsoada.TheyapparentlysptitfrmtlreeNi;.Jrl#riltto".-"ft p.""as or ANC-tunds vanisbed from

li!il=l&ie iitzdibtr ft otti *gbl-11'y.said the house had been

ffiefit 6;'f;fid;;'. Td;Nc eid't"ed e9m biaglv ror

itPir,negl€ ' ,.

. TrrB SMBARTNG oF srAN vrtNgs . ,g6r'

mine.) So now they tried the soft-sell. One interrogatoroffered Stan a cup of tea, saying tglss; you'rc a young-manstill and it would be such a waste if you went to iail forfifteen years. There's not much point in fietding outo_n us,as we know everything about you anyway. Plaj'the.g rre,and we'll go easy on you when.you come to court and that*llmean two or three years instead of fifteen.'

Knowing this was standard inteffogation technitluqStan played it canny and said if the cop could prove ttratr lremight consider,talking. The inrerrogator countered,r*ithj\ff_9 qot only know all 1!9ut y9u, we're also getting deity.bulletins gbout your wife's telephone conveisattons, be! ,

cause we have a.bug on the phone at your London flat , ,,lVhen Stan asked for proof of,phis the cop repeated word

for word the conversation I had relayed t-o BOSS aboutAstrid's call to Mary Turok. Stan.Winer was shocked. Heknew it sg"nded right and that Astrid'would have phonedto wfln the Turoks on hearing of his arrest in South-Africa, ,

But Stan still refirsed to talk.Then that snrpid interrogator dropped me right in it. He

pulled something out of ,a thick police file bearing Stan'slame and showed it to him, saying .Doesn't that prove we,know all about you?t Incredibly, it was the phoiograph I,had taken of Stan sitting on the sofa in Wilfria's foiaonhome. Vhat Stan said next was only natural, but it was tochange his lifb. dramaticatly. Sneering at his opponent, hesaid 'Yorr ma)' not realize it but you-'ve lust toiA *" *hqyour BOSS agent is in tondon. ft,s Gordon Winter,because he took that photqgraph just before I left Londonto come here.?

Police regulations emphatically state that a suspect mustnever be allowed to catch sight of anything in hfu fib.,MrIdi,ot Interrogator knew he was in for a roasting from hissuperiors, as Stan would obviously tell his lawyers aboutme and the photograph. The cop was stupid, but at least hewas honest enough to teII BOSS about-his serious err6r.H. J. van den Bergh hit ttre roof when he heard, andwondered how the hell he was going. to get me out of it:

.?@.' TNBIDB Bos$ ,, ts8 sMSanrNG'or, 8"a.lt.w!i!.lR' .3€,

T&fu ,S surd \rlien Stan conucteit her, by- tsl€phbs d,tIen€f,, slrd ffiirioned.rrhm' Idiot, Intertogritoi hqd totd ffiEbbout,her telephone call to Mar5n,T6oE Astrtd uid .Ir*yGod, &at's word fur word ivhat-was satd.' Being a ioirrn&$tarr wae carefulro doublecheck this by astingasi*ditr-Sohad told any other person about this call. But, fearing ffii 'anger at herlack ofsectrity; sherlied and insistedshehqi$t;,

Then Astrid, metrtlaned ber flat being burgled a Srydays'after Etan had bwr arrested in Soutl Af"ic", and-ttbstrange fact that no.valuables had been stolen. That ruenotrgh for Stan. He told Astrid to give the srory tdrfrEDoily Minor.' And make mre they pay you for itr, he,add#;,,iInstead of selling the story to the Daily iluIilrrr, Acffie,gaye th6 story to British lournalist Perer Niese{rand, andhe

tBut, o he ws,so foctd df,#fiag' 'There'e atwtys'a say: i .',B.OSSls 'Diry Ttic&si. Uwarmcnt, DivisionrC3" leaked.thewpr4 @,crefrrlly chmcs but lo4racious purnalists that.S, j!ffiner was suspected,of being a BOSS agent. Yes' he

;d gpparently started spying way !ryk in 1966' and thg, "fumfrlity A& charge agniqst hln which had u9q anopped

' becEuse of 'lack of evidcncpl ms iust t'o maintain his cover.

:IIe had then been sent ove$eas to spy and had married a

"€o.lo,tfsed girl to make himself cven more presentable to tlrckftists.. ' P,eople.with no experience of thc apartheid legime rnay

think lnat such a smeaf, soutrds,&Ffetched aod few wouldhau" believed it. Therc io a siniph way of shecking'on that.

Askany South Africnnexilewhat hethinlrs- To ensurethatthe smeu was believd, H.,J. van dm Bergh pulled snoth€r.fast on€ by tetliag,the police to isribstantially teduce' theirOridegce aggittst S&n when he canre tci coult.,. ,ffret io,why Stan received only a suspended'six-monthceoi"o." oo the charge of cannabis being found in his car.

,Tbat, is astonishing wheo you know ttlat ltetoria is para-

lroid about drugs, and the avefage sentence on such a

charge is between *ree and five yeare. 9e t$ chsrge ofi trnpnng bail and bving So-uth Africa iflegalbr San Yras

ilin it a-tbemonth iail seatence - also suspended. To cap

It aU, t6i prbsecution never eveo mentioned the cannabisfound in the wardrobe at his mother's home. '

I know what iournalists in Johannesburg thought when$tan,walked out of @u.rt a free man A good indication isrhet th,e liberal South African $maay Times andthe RandDaily Mail declined to accept his work wheq he ried toma&e a living,as p freelance photo_grapher.

, f,o add to-Stan's upubles, H. J. van den Bergh orderedtnat Uiu p**po* be confiscated, eo he otld not,fly' o

Igdon and start a witch-hunt against me in Fleet Sueet.

Stan uied to tell South African iomalists I was a BOSSag€Nrt, but his aedibitrity uras low alrd few believed him.-Then

fate conspired with BO SS to make Stan'e positionwenworso when he caused Asuidto be ridiculed ih Britain.

made a front-pager out of it.*

Reid Londolr f.fonre';

British secrrity was furious. The clear inGrence was thel'had neglected their duty by allowing a foreign intdligen;set-up to bug a phone in London - or, evm wonre, qligbfbe seen to be in cottusinn with them. Expems were sffi-toexamine the telephone, rshich; in fscr, ras nst itrside tbe.l, "'\fliner flst but was a public ca[-box by ttrc sraircasa. Ey ;minutety examining the interior of the telephone srd,hil ,

the scfews, the eryerts were able to gtate eategorically tktit had never been interfeied with. A Special Branctr officecquestioned Astrid Viner and again she denied teltinganyone about hor oall to Mary Turok. fn the end thc offioer ,. 'told Astrid that pertraps her husband SUn was lying andtlnt he n*a ogty erectd the phong btrgging.story b*ilsehe 11as a QOS ! ag€ot who vias enhancing his csvetr. ,'.

When Asrdd vigorenrsly d€f€rded Stan, thei SpeeialBrench man told her: 'Vell, if that,s not the case, then ifeyou who has the bug and it's in your head. you obviouslyhave a bug about BOSS spies.'

This may sound strong language but he was on firmground. !y a ridiculous coincidene Stan Winer had. fferirn'to:Northern Ireland in earty 1973, and while he was e$Ey

* fytaritian, 6 Octqber,rg73, beadlined.Vorster's police Tgp.Th,it['

-t: 'ri

,fP: | trl{$rDE $,o,gs

',&uarr*. apsrt'from thisi'{,hndibem gnryentwtren the $rqplrdjs;,e"w Tour gnod,ws form€a' r had been'&iendlyrittt p.t t ifain tfrrougtr-or* the tour, an4 even better, I had

taken mot" than r,ooo photggaphs of the- deryronsuationsat'the various marches. BO$S.told me that imrnediatelyafter giving evidence against PeterHain my covu would be

broken and I would be flowr,r.bac'k to South Afric*-, Fo".ssrn reason BOSS tsld me not to approach Francis

nannlon direct. Alf Bor.mer said this was tnost important'I t* to make sure that sorReone else introduced mer.That

' per$on was Mr Gerald Howuth, agood'looking mqd T ItFerirlv twenties. BOSS described him ae a staufch right-*inler who had been corrageous enough- to attend the mass

qnti-Vieqam denronstrations outside the A:nerican Etn"Aasty io GrosvEnor Square - cou{agoous because Gffild

. frad'pamded^ round the'esdmatcd rorooo'derr:ronstrato'rsqfl$y'ing a:banner which defended the United States',' nb SrS tolCmethat GeraldHowarthwouldprobablymakeconiact with me but, to ensure that he di4 I should visilthe ofrcewhere heworked and casually let itbeknown there

that I had attended all the Springbok rugby matches'' Gerald Howarth was the general secretary of a set-up knownas the $ociety for Individual Freedofn (S { I F) whieh rented

smgfl ofrcq'at 55 Park Larle, Ivlayfair.. I1 was- 3 nsht-wtngstoup whicb obposed free entry to Britain of Black irnmi:

h*it. lis ctrairiran had once called for the repariattq.q o.f

tolourea immigpnts, Most of the people associated with.iturcre eminentlv rQspectable, and at least four of *rern weretitled. Alf Bo,t*o tbld me to pop into the Fark Lane offices

of the Societv for Individual-Freedom on *re preteqce ofwishing to briy one of.thebooks they sold. But, Alf wamed,

'Watch yourself very carefully when you visit the society'

because at least two senior British intelligence ope'r4tives

are menrbers. and it's almost certainly a British intelligencefront organization which is mainly used for disserninating

Estabts[ment-type proPaganda.'I was astonished, br* Alf was quite adamant on th3 9u,b..:

iece. He sai.d he had received hls infomration'from a British

into a republic.

. sETTINc uF ,Pattsh,lrraiN . 383

'$pecial'Branch Detectitrc fuqpectof.'I abke{ Alf tsouwer totell me *re names of'the two,senior' Britistr,intdllgenceoperatives connected with the Society for Individual t**.dom. He said they were Mr Ross McWhirter, co-author oftlteGuinness Book of Recmds,who wps shot dead by the IRAin Novernbs 1975, and Mr Gcorge Kennedy trtrogtMBE, a merchant banker and prcsident of the NucledrFuel Finance SA of Luxembourg, who had been head ofcounter-espioriage in tlre zrst Army Group during theSecond u6/orld War'and Under-Secretary ar the Ministryof Defence from 1953 to 196r.

It all sounded very cloak-and-dagger, btrt I did as f *di,,'told and took mtrrself off to ttrc Fark Lane offices of the ,

Society for Individual Freedom, where I noticed a lergepile of books ready for distribution. They all bore the sarnetitle, and thE author was Mr Enodr Powell. Vhile buyrng acopy I casually mentioned that I was a Souttr Afrieaniournalist who had covered all the Springbok rugbynratdres.. ft was only a matter of hours before I received atelephone call fbom Gerald Howarth. He alniost carried nle -,

over to the Lincoln's Inn Fields chambers of FrancisBennion when I said I woutrd be willing to give informationwhiclr could help to convict Peter Hain.

I was impresied by Francis Alan Roscoe Bennion andfound him to be not only a'gentle petson but also very mtichttre gantleman. He was educated at Harrow and BaltiolCollege, Odord, and had flown as a pilot in the RAF duringthe Second World \Var. After-qualifying as a baristerlhbhad lectured in lalti until 1953 and then entered gavernnietitservice. In 1956, when only ftirty-three, Mr Bennion hadbeen sent to Pakistan to help draft the countryr's nertr con-stitution. His opertise was such that he was then loarred toGhana in rg5g as legal adviser on conveiring the country

,:'Ffancis Bennion o<plained that arrangernents had b#'nmade for the South Africhn cricketers to play nrenry.iffitmdtches during their four-month tour of britaini rni'nythousands of people would have attended theee matelres,

\

,*i

iil3!a!'!

I

.,1'i

ri 't

,i6S4; l"x*CrOfirgs-*:rj .:.rli;", :i :i'i:

srd nillims would bryc ffied rhem oa rclervbion; ISs..point, *a{:*at $sse millitxr*:ofordinary.'peopfr- chotdd obttrave bm @rived of urck legnt porsuits iustbecause of dre

, Uiqlnrdhl sgitation activities-of .Peter: Hain snd his left-wing:uaqchtes. Mr Bennion er4fiapized that he had no"pensoaifi

qgeinst Peter Hainfbut 'agitators like,him.rirust not,beallourd, how.wer good or;bad'their cause mary be, to stop'thp,lawful activities of.othors'i f a$eed with nA" g""riioil:mtirdy ana offered to liaise vr+[ hir i"g rn*,, CuG*aHowarth, who was building up e dossier against pe;r Hain.

Mr Bennion gave me dcmils of an anonymous,derrtrfireat he had received by tdeptrone. This was a new ansle

,:on the aspegt of Petcr,IIab being prosecuted, so I wrotJ ahighly flaqcring story abor* Mr.Bennion and cabled ft off,to $ort*l Afri$r where itrrad rn€ll usd.t'.lVtr Bennion:'woss,qddigbfcd rnthmy sttrywhen I gave trirn anainrraif enpyof tbcJohannesburg StatdeJ, Expres three days tarer ttiat,lp took me_to lunch near his office. Aftet libtening to rhe..tslh about,thf, s I had witnesseA

"dnst.,d"ir&'rj€bok rugby team, he told me I vrodd G,tris tgywimess. tOn yow eviderice I aln sure we shall s€cri&,;convictiorr'he said.

Hc theq told me he wiehed-to hold a press eosrferomoe.Did:I lUrow s gpod venue?r f euggeeted 6atn to take.,theS|C€V mrt pffuter Hqin,and ttre SfSf rnovelneut, Mr;,Sennionshould hire the roominthe White Swan pub whereSTST hqd held its first press conference; lfu Bennion'thoggh ei$a crackerjack idea and it was,inthatsmafl rd@.,he faeed the press whcn he outlined his intention toproogq.rte Petel I,IAig. , l

J bfld,s$rffa1:meedpge with Gerald Howarth as,.a re$tltof whieh he tvped out I stat€ment hsed on the er.ridcrrr+ T.sf'w,,Fiph betyped out a stat€menr based on *re evidene Ieuld offer. But, b.earim in mind what Alf :Bouwer he6told,

beadr4g, in mind rrhat Alf :Bouwer had-tgll *: -ab3ut the Society for Indivjdual Freedun having{iate with B.ritish intelligencg I had taken ttre precautimr o?gq{ping,Gerald to sign as agreem€nf in which he and,rMr

_* lohaaoeeburg St@ Exlrcss, 14 tune r97q headlined .Dea6T,.hert'To Anti-Deno tvtaa :.

-

a Commissioner of Oaths,

Eennioo promieed not to disc;lose'my name fto anJ person,o.r a.{ court of_law, at any time' wiihotrt my prioi lr€*rj*:sion. ftrvas_ only a short document, but it got me out of, atrernendously difficult situation two years dter. Wherr thisagreement was signed I gave Gerald Howarth and FrancisBennion a revised draft of my sixty-page report'to BOSSgllf whole Springbok rugby iour-"na pete" gaintSTST movement. But I delig-erately did not sign itbefo[

In June r97r BOSS asked me to write a storv sivitrgublicity to a fund q:ing.set_up in Britain to raise;orrc;9t *"_ financing,of.Francis Beinion's prosecution. C*fe:&,,

"rne 'trarn prosecution Fund', it hoped to raise {eo;oOg;, l

Theman who officially_fronted this ftrnd-raisins ad;Aiwasnone other than Mr Ross McVhirter, who i'"tii i- ln"chairman of the fund, and the treasurer wm-GerJJHowarth. t!(/hen I suggested writing an article ;i"i"*,th;frrnd valuable propaganda in South.ifri.", G"i"ldH"i"rfiwas enthusiastic and introduced me to l*r'noss Mc\xrhiit*n ' ,Both were pleased *tF *. stgry I rvrote, which-;;.fiffi. 1,prominent treatfirent in South Africa.* ' , i

Francis Bennion flew to South Africa two weeke,later tocollect possible wirnesses for his Uain prosecution. BOS;Stook full advantage of his visit by circulatine

" """t;;;ot roneoed subscription lists throughout the Jfrces of all civilservanrs in South Africa. jfhe significance of this,was nt ,quite lnderstood by the British lress. at., all, if ar^uG l

scription list were senr out to civii serv,ants h #r"irr-.i;{pple who agreed with it would subsqribe ;e.h"*-*h;did not would not. ft's not like that in South Africa. Ift;;are a civil servant there, your iob is at risk if,you ;; noiseen to_be pro-gorernment. you subicribe. White in S;;h{d:" Mr.penniol spoke at public meeti"g., ;;;;;;;or tne auctience donat-ed r_noney for what they called the{,Paih For Hain Fund,. mr Bennio" d; ";ri;ii"iryEClpe Town; and her husband Mr.John i.;ltd;-aiso-#i6himself active in the anti-Haln

"arirpaig".-

- ,: ,,r i.

* Johannesburg Suttday E*press,,S J,rrr",iZr.

pqos*utiotr I gathered th*t,lus wife, Elizabeth' and $reilfle$ rilEne not in o@isfe g8reem€nt over'this move.

'&me stgge it caused aseparatiion between Mr Bennioq andhie wife.'

'',.'Alf@*A Mr Francis Benn-ioo definitely had close links,p#r-serqa! people who w.er€'clearly anti-Black' it is only

_.fair to stress that when talking to me he insisted that he wasl,oopou"d ts the policy of apardreid. He said 'I have worked, frb C-oloured people in several couotries and have a lst'of"'&ieods arirong them.' I doubt if Mr,Bemtiott?e Coloured, &imds would have agreed with his tour of South Africa to,ernpile erddenct and ftnds to be usd againet Peter Hain.T. e-Janaican gpvernment' certainly.took exception to such

sc8vltie* At the time lHr8ennion had a luerative'dro,ooo-,,4,l$Sgf ,Con@ct As a @x,coa$ulunt with the Jamaicans, butSey sacked hi'n on hearing about his anti-Hain canpaign.Wll€n it comes to his views on 1a@, Mr Bennion is dearly,Wettringof an enigma. For example, whm he was invidto dine with the South African Presrier in r97r, he refusedbecar:se h€ knew Mr Vorster had been interned during thewar for pro-f{azi,leaninge :

', r Frsngis Bennio+ drd nm get it all hie own way when he

,,tried to notpt\his prosecution against Peter Hain. A rnagis-trates' coudt refused to grant $uilnonseq so he appealed tothe High Court. During that hearing it was publicly statedtlrat Mf, Be*rnion'o 'staf, witneos ', a iourualist named GordonVinter, had disappeared. To nrake it worse, the Directorof Fublic Prosecutions had sent police tomy home to servea; subpoeoa on flle to atteod court. But something had gone

*riousty $xong' and thE DPP stated tbat'ertensive policeinquiries have failed to locate Gordon $Tinter'. SuddenlS

.tr.ryas e missing Eran, and the Gtmdiart ran a story on 2rIttray tgTt announcing that. It was all very embarrassing,eo I sst doum and sltote a srong letter of complaint to Sir'Nor,man Skelhorn, tlre Director of Public Proseortions' -

telling him that no police office'r had been to my flat to *re

.3F{' rxsroB soss' ,

1:, fq,arcie;Benniog'ssildifriErfficin',Surrey"to, b€b rqige,,,

troqem v-kdingh@for the Peter.",Hsin

.:;ll:'ftE

was Bn ofr.cer of drat union and that I certainly hsdtgCIt,:"ii:;':,idisappeared.

ssrrrNc up FTTDR narr*. 397

boct of my knowledge, and th* if ore had done so he couldliave spoken to my laadlirsd, rl.,ho liwrt tn'tlia sasc,thndfuisor to any of my neighboure, who knew I was ntrmisstag. -Fr.rrthermore my narne, addresu and telephone ,"ryrbeaswere.listed in the Foreigp Prcss Aseociation hsdbook, IIry 1n accredited mernber of the Parliamenqry Asso$1rf;ohfor Ovsseas Correspondents at rhe House U Cqmffi,*q ,

and in any case even the briefest inquiries at the NatimalUnion of Journalists would have disclosed the faEt &et I'

The Director of Public Prosecutions mounted a speoalinquiry into my comptaint and discovered- rtd rhe,,;ifr;officer sent to my home had merely knocked on my doorwhen f was out and had thenapparently taken the aftirnoonoff to see a cowboy film instead of searctring for me. Theupshot was that the DPP sent me a letter-of apology iawhidr he orpressed r€gret that thepolicir report i" ttis-p@segeiofl had been 'inaccurate and conveyed the mieldrdtngirnprecsiell',that I had disappeared. I took-this letttf:,tdthe Guardian and made strre they publbhed ditails'fsfo-it.* : -

!9ry" .'"ry strange things atso happened to peter Hainand his friends bdore and during theHain triat. One mondibefore, sorneone sent Peter a large envelope by air mail fbmVienna. It corrtained an explosive devicg which forurnmr{ydid not go off, because Peter's sister Sally, aged fifteai,opened it frorn the bottom instead of the top. fater it was

Two months .earlier, Peter Hain disclosed thx he haddefinite evidence that his telephone was being tapped at hisLondon home and that_ the telephones of ottier leadingYorqg Liberals had also been monitored. In addition ts drfrtheir letters appeared to have been opened before detivrry.llt,is not clear whether the phone tapping is by BOg$;or,ttreir British counterparts, or by-ionie *tiut"*&ii

neutralized by explosives experts.

betrreen the twor'he said.* 13 JuIy r97r, headlinid .Apology To Journalist,.

j)

,f8 . BRINGINE':DOW.N , .. :

, rl,.'

,, ' TEREMY THORPE

Irrsas making a pot of tea in my flat early one morning in|iane :r97r when the telephone rang, It was Jill 'Bvansrsatting*om her office inthe Daily Mhw, .

lir,Come and have lunch with me and I'11 give you a storythatns right up your murlqy alleyr' said she' witty as ever.

. As we piled into a salad lunctrin the Daily Minor canteeoa few hours later, Jill told me something ttrat eventuallyresrrlted in headlinec all over the worl4 enposed me as aBOES agentr' totally. changed the course of my life, andruified Jeremy Thorpets political career. Jillgxplained thatat'fiieild of hers, Lesley Ebbetts, who freelmrc€d on thefuhion'beat fot the Mirru, had introduced her to a youngmdle rhodei named Norman Scott.

'He's one of those limp-wristed, pouting pooves,? Jillsaid, not cruelln but to give me a qtlick visual image of therrlp--.'He's highly sensitive, rather ngurotic but charnring,Wltty dna intelligent, and he claims he is the discarded loverof lirerry Thorpe. It all sounds rather sordid, not m1' 15eof iorrrnalisnr at all, but ttrere's no doubt he's a voice in thewildemess crying out for help, so I mentioned your nameto him and gave him your home phone nurnber saying ybu'were an investigative reporter who might be able to assist

hitn.'Thaoking fill profusely, I renrned to my. flat and an-

:xlously waitedrfor Nonnan Scott to telephorie. He did so

the neffi dqy, $0ednesday, 16 June, at noon. I was so keenI totd him to drive round to my ffat by'taxi and I would paythe fare.

When I opened myflat door he stood there with hg_rigbt'ardl half-raised as if to ward off an o<pected blow. Urlder

BITNGING DOWN JBRBMY TITORPB . 395

his.left irrm he qeffied:a light bro** whipp*r bitc*r whictralso cowered. He was pleasing to look st, tall and alender,with beautifully",qilored cream trouseffi and a$,expe!$ive,snakeskin jacket over a striped har:rd.knitted Fren0h ierseyand black shirt, Jill had been rigbr;,he was oudandishly .

effeminate, but his face was ruggedly masculine with adeeply dimpled chin, strong s€trsuou$ lips and a larggslightly bentnose. His bush of black curly hair wascarefiltty :styled to look as though it had not been combe4 mdrrallconsidered, he could have been taken for a monied Fop,s64l .

But not when he opened his mouth, The timbre of his voie. , ,

waq sgfC even rnusical, and his cultured English accent wi$, ,,,

such that hesounded like a duke, which was thekind ofmqk;..'he felt he should have been born with. :

As he walked in hesitantly, his large dark eyes swept mylounge and he opened the door ofthE bathroo& peeping into make sure it was empty before returning to the ioullgeand settling himself in an armctrair with araggerateildelicacy. Watching all this, I realized I was ih for a:hard".,tirne. His attitude towards me was. rather like that of arabbit cornered by a stoat. His lips actually trembled andhis whole frame jerked in fear whenever I spoke. Thewhippet sitting by his feet ierked in unison with him, andit was difficult to tell which was the more neurotic. In aneffort to relax them both, I fetched a saucer of milk fromthe kitchen and gave it to the whippet. Norrnan appreciatedthe gesture but I had done it all wrong. The milk was outof the fridge and Emma didn't like her milk cold. .We musrwalm it up a bit for herr'he said.

IX/hen that was done I began asking Norman questions,but he stopped me in mid-stream. .

'Have you ever met Jeremy Thorpe? Are you a merrberof the Liberal Party? Do you know.any top Liberals?'

Vhen I said I had once met Mr Thorpe at St Paul'sCa$edral and,pho'tographed him on two occasions, Nofinqqlet out a high-pitche{ strangled scream. 'Oh, my God, ffi- ,'

can I trust yon?l'Five minutes

' . i.'i r':,"

later, whcn I had calrned.hirn down,

sgJer@has plontedpeople m me before, you knorr" aad

$

: BEINGTNG NOWN Tgrufi,Bi SEERPE . 39?

iMi,TlrotpCs'oorditueae who hail a pciiticd griamncc toair, Norrun threatened to walk out if the saitor &dnot tresvcat once. Mr Thorpe told him not to interfere in his politielaffairs so Nsrmian flounced out in a huff, vowing n€vef,torefirn. Vhen he changed his mind a few days lateq Mrlhg"pg w* not interested god bftinked him out corrpletely"It is said that hell hath no fury UI(e s woman scorted sddNorman was not only furious, 6e was vindictive. IIe thfeat-enedto goto the.police andlay a charge allegngMrTho{$Bhad seduced him. Homosoruality was a serious ofrence.atthe time an4 whether tru-e or fake, the case woul,d,U1Breceived maximurn pubticity; the career of the ufsad;cmning Mr Jererry Thorpe, Libefal MP, would have,bffil

cfu,,eif'ttlem,etren threetcned:t!rhave me prn away in a

mdnd honre if I didn't stop causing trouble.n

i: .{t,this poiat it occurrd to na ttrat pehaps NormanScqtt'belonged in a mental ho'me, as he ruas clearly paranoidaf,qrclt as neuf,otic. He lauached into a venomous tirade.,$ginst Jerenry Thorpe. The outbrrrst disftrbed me- V(hyAiC Ue hste Mr Thorpe so intenedy?':,'.',I \ras deepty in love with, Jertsry f,qr thfee yearaj hetwlied.'S7e were inseparableerd' I thottghloul,,idyllrc*i"&nasfrip would last for €tler.:'But he discarded me like acheap tart and told ne to lesve his flat']

Whien I pointed out that most,qgay' ftieodshipo tendedto hG,tpnrpotary' No@sn, look€d horrified.:r,i!:l{,o, ne6 it wasn't like .that with us. It wasnt s lqtyffiuat 6ing. Well, ctainly not:fiom my eide. tr loved himrrd hepromised to look after me for ever andever. He eventori& my.National Insurttrce catd sayinghe would pay theeontributions, and I shouldn't bother myself about moo€yas he would look after me.'

I found this v€qy as, by taking possessiorrofNotman's National Insurance card and paying the wdeklyco,pq{bution stamps for it, Mr Thorpe had placed himsslfo6 redord as hlng Norrna$'s enrployer. I asked Normanif :Jvlr Thorpe had errployed him in any capacity or-pddhirn a wage.

nDon't-be fly, I wasn't his below-stairs maid. I lovedhim, He was my boy-friend and my mentor. Helooked afterme. You can call it being kept if you,like. He paid all theorrtgpiags and gave rire rqular poclet money. Wlren we didlump into sqmeone he knew he sometimes pretended I wasa fesearcler for the Liberal Party.' ,. '

,.Norrnan claimed the friendship had ended when MiThqrpe had in'rdted a sailor for tea at the town flat MrThorbe rented in Marsham Court, Westminster. Refusingto believe thet the goo&loofting young sailor was one of

ruined.One thing can be said for ]ererry Thorpe. He had

courage. Risking every*ring, he thnrst bis iaw, otrt md.toldNorman Scott to go to hell. Norman backed down and ryentlooking for a iob. And this was where the Natiqnal l$suf.,.-ance card became a crucial ingrdient inwhat lrter becarca world-famous scandal., Any person leaving oneiob to tqke,ansther has to give his new ernployer'that all-importanrtinsurance card. When Nonnan asked Mr Thorpe to retrnlthe card he did not oblige Having been threatened oncd,he suspected that Norman wantd the card to show as proofof their relationship. Norman retaliated.

'If you won't or can't give me my insurance card bacg1,he told Mi Thorpe, 'tr cant get a iob, so you'll have to give,me money to live on.'

In the end, Mr Thorpe kruckled under and Nonmaswasgiven a weekly 'retainer''.for s€veral years. But Mr Thofpeprotected his back by using a cut-our to pay Norman themoney. That man was Mr Peter Bessell, a close and trustedfrierd who was the Libsat MP for Bodrnin, Comwall,

Whsr I asked Norman Scott to show me prcof of.-tfuppalrments, he took a'tani to his lawyen and brought.bg*a"large bundle ofletters.,Reading through them all I hqis'with total certainty that Norman was not ttre pamnoid,netrmtic lunatic I had first iudCed him to be.

I

-.

,l.Sg$,I$-EI,D|S BOSF ,r,,', .lq' 11, , ;,;.',,,,,, .:

,i:': ,The lett€rs, many of therarrritten on House bf Commonsheaded notepapef, cleady indicated tlrat Norrran Scott wasnot being paid a weekly retain€r as a Liberal party resea&her. One showed that,Peter Bessell was quibblingdlqot4'Norrran's request for {zoo so th* he could set him-Flf up as a male model. He wan,ted {28 for photographer'sftes, nearly f,r6 for a model booft, {4o for clothes, {4o for'qdvance rcnt, {3T for foo4 gaq and electricity and{i5for abag.'Mr Bessell had written back saying {r5 for a bag was'excessirp as you can buy very good suitcases cheaply,at&trarks and Spencers'.

In a follOn'ing lettef, Mr Besselt wrote f My reason fordoubt about spending as muctr as {zoo is that it does notguarantee a funrre and what I am arNious to do is makeoertain that your future is secure.'' Another eeriee of letters showed that Norman, a littlem# model nobody, had nothad to srand in a quzue whenhe'faced procecution fof not lraving his National fnsuranceeerds suorped br six years. Mr Bessdl had helped by mak-ing a personal approach to Mr David Ennals, then BiitainrsMinister of Health. It was all top-drawer stuff. Norman,sprobleur was solved, and he didn't even have to pay for theback starnps he owed! Vhile Mr Ennals was dealing w,iththie matter, Feter Bessell,wrote a long letter telling NormandlAout these VlP-style arrangemen$. And at tfre end offfit letterr'also written on House of Commons notepaper,Mr Bessell added a very telling paragraph. He told Norman:'I havespoken to ]eremy Thorpe and put him in the picnrre

:rggarding the present position.'. H. J. van den Bergh's conrment to me that if you sift

through the dift you are forced to find a gem onedayl and:perhaps fall into a gold mine now and again, was so true.f was digging dirt here all right and had-ftllen into a goldmine. Norman Scott's collection of letters was political,dyr,umite. By. a fantastic scoke of luck I had obtainedexactly the kind of smear material H. !. vah den Bergh hadold me to look out for when he first sent me to lpy inLondon five years earlier. IIis words were clear ,in-ny

. ,t,BkTNGTNG DOWN JERSITS TEO3FE . 3,!B

:fienniry:'iKery ious dats irp$l&r.ag gocsip about toppeople in Britieh potidcs wllo,are" wnh or mtrddanA haring affairs on the side.t

He couldn't hope for betta*r **,ren rhin. The man imlolvcttwith Norman Scott was ttre lcads of the hated kbishLiberal Party. And another Liberal MP had b€ea poyiqout (hustr' mon€y. I didn?t nrsfi rtirrind o ny tnndl,w wiftthe goods nems, ttrough. In order totfulhe whob eirgryneatly f cnrbarked.on,the longest and mosit bearctri$g sgoiogof iatsvibrrs f had,ever done widt one person.

Fjrst, I warned Nonnan Soott that if he wamed mC;&:,mount d fuil-scale into his claims agatnltJererry Thorpe I would only do so if he agreed to tlt'resubiect him to many, hou$ of, gncfiing,quections.,'ltoldhim he mustimagine he was standingin awitnessbxssttleOtd Bailey while I was an aggressive and cunning &fenoebarister dcterrnind to prove hirn a liar. And, if I caughhim,out in,one;single liq I would stand up,and ki€k hifirotrt of my'ffat.,I drought Norman would winm andgoid'fey o{r rner:bnt not soj' 'rOhr Gordon, s/hat a $ilde you ar€.: I'm so tsribbgtateful to youi Youll norrcr know tb'e strain I've becnunder. Nobody will listen to me. Everybody rhioks I'mlying or mad" If I'haddt uret you I rhink tr would have.hada mentat bteakdown. Can you really spaie your,preciolstlme? I can see you're a busy man, because you harre a up+answering' derrioe on yorrr telephone.'

I mld Nonnan that he vould have toallow,ms ro 4eall our @nvwations, although I wor.rld let him srvit&sffmy tape recordetr when he waoted to say ssnefhing offtherecord. He agreed; not knowing I had another tape fixed upin the cupboard which I switched on by remote conctolrvhed he ewitdlcd *re otlrer off. f was deterrrined tocapiirrewcy,word he.uttered. Thooe'off-the-recordl comihmswqrld be invaluable for BOSS in making an in-dcotrcharacter assessment of the male model Norman Sffi;;r,, .And do the qtfuing starrcO; He came to my fiat&rivoweeks, Bp€ndingdt least eigbt bours withne every dsyo$

{E4'l INBIOPT,B$6& .: : i ,:. .l

zSa,W dollarsr,nceded for Bib'c family to be reptsentedat the inquest. This massive injection of frmds helped tocttate huge anti:South-African beadlines in the world presswhen the incredibly vicious tr€aun€nt of prisoner Biko was€rposd rurder cross-examination at the inquest. Again, af,qy;s'orthy can$ej but the CIA benefited by obtainiagtreqendous goodwill towards Asrerica from millions ofElacks in South Africawho knew the funds had come fromthe American I-awyers' C.ommittee. It was also good

Ffopagrulda for President limmy Carter and his 'humanrights' progamme.,,, ,H. J. van den Bergh told rne,tltat the CIA was very,'dficient, as it not only invohrcd itself in this kind of activitybut also sifted through the meond and third echelons'in theleadership of Soufh Africa's Black Consciousness. move-nents,.ifhe. obiect he was to sift out those who showedqotgnlyleadership potantial but also a willingness to adhereto the Washington line. Such men could be jockeyed up inthe. ranks of a movement until they became powafirlleaders.' 'So, you see, the CIA backs all the dark horses in,the

race so that, whiclrever.motnt wins, America will have aehar-e in the prize money - our strategic mineral depoeitsanrd, almost as irnportart, ollr.vaslt and cheap Black labourforce,l said I{. J. van den Bergh, putting it atl in a nutshell.

rThere is no doubt in my mind that HJ was telling me theEtrth" Quite apart from all the facts and documentatio'lgiven to me by Pretoria over the years, HJ nwer knowinglylied to me during all the years I knewhim. The only time hegave me inacc.urate facts was when one of his subordinateswas inefficient. However, in recounting what HJ and MikeGeldenhuys told me abotrt the CIA's involvemenr in South.Africa" I must add one clear qualifieation., It is definitely not rny intentioa to open Ctrief GatshaButhelezi up to zudr smear headlines as 'Black stooge'orICIA puppet'. On the contrary. I have met the man,$meried 1s him speak in public and also carried out muchrescarch into his career. He is an impressive man who has

cATSrrA BV?rrELszI-It{D'tfr* :era ' 435

aunaged to sirivive in,'spite of a releritless canrpaign ofdenigration *rneO at him by Fretoria over the last ten years,

inchiding at least one fftempt, financed by Pretori*, todepose timBs theleader of the Zulunation and his powerfriland ever-growing 'Inkatha'mov€ment. :.'r

'"

I am qiite suie that BOSS would have brought ChiefGatsha down if he had not enioyed fiiancial and politicalsupport from America. Several aipects of this must'b€'' '

e"ii"i""a. Unlike some Black'leaders, Chief Gatshp.lqs,u"iea"d aid from the Eastern b1oc. He is on reccrd.1.q,.,

.

sairing'f am a devout Christian andhate.everythingtE-., ::Comirunists stand for. I would not acc€pt one strry ofliiillil:: ,:i

from a C.nmmunist country if it rneant swallowing,theirideology.' By the same token he has al{E}ts s€orned'grldt"t;;.i nnina* ana ponticat support from ttre sotith ",African govemment - whictr has secretly been ofreted tohim on seneral occrasions and in vadous guiibs, mostly- ,..,

throush BOSS. He nrrned these steakhy overtures d@[, '1:,

ratheithan be a 'sell out' to his Zulu peopte. Chief Gans$ir'1,' , r'

trs *t*ayr been a staunch. opponent of Pretoris. 116'i|: ' '

sardent at Fort Hare he lo*; iif.u Nelson Mandela attd ."'Oliver Tarnbo, expelled for agitating against apardreid-

Vhen Buthelezi agreed to form -Zulullnd as a SornhAfrican 'homeland' he was branded as a Black traitor byAfrican guerrilla movements. But the truth here is that hewas in no way a willing accomplice. \X/hen Pretoria firstprop*"a the

-sening

"i .f thai homeland Chlef GmshesruUbornty opposed it for ten long years. Only after he hedtnsuccesshrfylused every conceivable stratagem to itnSe

"

it did he capitulate. And even whelr he became the politicalleader of his territory he used his inaugural speech toemphasize the fact that the scheme had been forced on hhpeople because they had no alternative-

Pbinting out that there were q many Zglus as Whites inSouth Africa he openly warned the South African gorr€fn:' ' '

ment that if they wanted their poliry of 'separate Agog!11ment' to work they had better give the Zulus more l"n4- PIeinsisted that if Zululand ever did become truly indqiegdeiit

'' -436 . INsTDB Eoss

it would have to be a non-racial country, with Whites fivingthele alongside Blacks on the same citl;enrt ip r""*r.., eQur yoyng people_say tfre VrJrite rrran Iru, pi"vJ Ooatoo tory. I wanr fuJt luman rigtts for orvriff"*a *Vpeople,, he bellowed-. But, tougl as he was, Buthelezishowed'his flair for diplornacy 6-v

"*"i"i"g that pretoria.was still boss and master: .W. oio*"-io* a position ofpowerlessnesg. Full human rights is just

" *irt,

"t-tfri, ,tug!,not a demand,'he said.

- The irony of all this is that shortty after Buthelezi made;{iel speeoh, the-CIA. (according to BOSS; decideJ il;;& rnan worth cultivating.,I {o not (now wheiher, wjren Buthelezi accepted thehanj.gf flieg{slip from America, fr"

"""fiea that the CIAcould be behind it, But I anl sure that as urr.*peJ"n"J

politiciaa he rnust have been aware of a iavourite pretoriasaying: 'Without strong politicd ,uppo"t

" *;; ilir#

an$ can achieve nothing, but wittr ii annrrfic i;G;ibl":,, Euthelezi almost cenainly accepted aid frori W;shing onrbecause he felt there was no other quarter he could fluh tof-orthe support he needed i" tis wa,

"gairrrt apartheid. Theyle nrobably holds^true for other frfu"t-aiiic* feaaers

anct movements. Their aim is the eventual overthrow ofthiapartheid regime and they t*" *rr"i"u"iia .rr.u can set.nrhether it is paid in r_oubles or dollars. Some of ttrem eientake both.

_'O.ng thing is clear in my mind, however. Chief Gatsha,Buthelezi is both loathed ana feared by pretoriar.and theleaders qf 4"! regime will definitety come to *6 tfre arythey pushed this unusual Btack warrior into the tidt h,in the first p1ace. He is a remarkabre Aei"il reader and aman towatch,

Yn'it: spelling that ou1 I may h4ve seemed to be deviatingg.T,tV flom the r-nain point of the story-aUout BOSSasrung me to write an

-article saying that Colin Egtin had|91r slyuted by the African-ii.irefi"* i"i*iroru. Not so.rt rs aII relevant, because senior BOSS operative Mike

':.GATSrra BUTIIELtsZI AND ',trI{E era q 437',

,

Geldenhuys told me that, the Afriqan*funerican:'I4'gtitute;; ;;; u, crn front organization, aimed at bringisgittfu;;; to b"u, ott Black.l&ders througlr9ut Africa as well

rr ,ui*a-tpot ing and helping to create Black leaders sr-hoi '-

in gratitudie for multi-milliondollar aid, would l1e1'req3.V

th# aid by setting up open or secret political liak$ sti*lWashington : '

Sit""-tS6z ttre African-American Institute has spent'm

estimated-2o million dollars on Black educational prqr' '

grammes, huge amounts being set aside for political refugeqs

i"a *"-U.riof So"tt AfricJs recognized liberation rnqrF*

;;* il l"ttulf of the State bepartrnent the: A.$Jadministers the Southem African Stugerlt Programme

(SASP), which was launched with the aid sf the CIA' PaIof this"ptan was to 'corner' the coming revolution iniootn"m Africa by training Black exiles leady {or iobs intfrr-po.r-r"uolutionaryr gJu.ttl*"tttt'' According to' its*ttrut report of t97t, AAI had, up to tha!time, sperrt '{?'*ruio" dollars.on sebp. The AAi also adrnits thati!'4ftq.;ilit;rcc)' adviser to several other Black 'hornelpqd'f""a"t*

-itis.utfr Africa as well as Chief Gatsha Butheled'-

A; i sat in Mike Geldenhuys' office at BOSS head-

q"** that day, he gave me further proof that the CIAhad used the aAi"att-I*erican Instinrte' Mike showed me-

;;;tt of a public staternent made bl the first president'of

irt" A'ai Mr Wlaldemar Nielson, in February- rg97' In this

"tut.*um IvIr Nielson admitted that the CIA had definitely

rJriJu"a ttt" Institute when it was founded in 1953 aqd

il;;tyears after that. He admitted he was consciorn'

oi,te:?iitt"t""t i-p*al".i and impropriew' -of 11c1rCla fu"ai"gs. BOSS told me that since then the CIAhad gone'to ixreme lengths to c9v9r up its involvemgrt it;h" iAi, but the fact iemained that the AAI continued

iot"-tt"aunv dependent on IJS governme-nt money, whic'!

was channelled-through the Bureau of Education, a4d

Cultural Affairs of the Department of State, the Agengy tprl-Jo"atm"f Development (AID), plus the Fo{ Founda'

tion, , the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, the Rocketiilhr

Ij

I

f.ij1i11,r, ,., :'.',- -' '' , ' ' .:' * l

,, ; t|{dr}-s .aqSS , 'Ftiundatiorir the, Carnegie :{brporirtion'of New yo,rk, drcNeil A. McConnel Foundation and the C-ommins EnsineFound*ion grants. According to BOSS, several of ttesefoUtdations had, at various times and in various ways, withwfuithout their knowledge, been used as CIA corriuits.

- Eldqining how suctr irestige O*ta"ri."r-"""ia-"*lybe deceived by the CIA, a senior BOSS opertative oncegqve me a poned history of a well-known American Bldckwho worked as a CIA agent for many yean. The man.was|ames 'Ted'Harris, whJ was clwerlyJsed in a rerna*abG'revolving door' sysrem ofinterchangeability that exists inoertain key American public and private services.i:rln the late r94os Harris was *le-President of America'sNational Student Association CNSA), which was later toadmit it had been heavilV- penetrated and funded by theCIA,,,asg *rryugh wtricli th€ CIA naa compietJyft'minaied and funded the International Studend C.orr-ferenc€ CISC) and the C-oordinating Secretariat of NationalU_ nions of Students (COSEC).

:In the early r95os Harris moved to Creneva, where heserved as Assistant Secretary-General for the Woild Univer.srty Sqvice (WUS). Reftrning to America he tooft amaster's- degree at Princeton on a Whitney Scholarshiparrbnged bl.h" CIA. Later:he moved to E-gypt, workingrtEre on a Ford Foundation Research Schotarship.rr'::Back in America again he later ran itr" Cff-f""a"AItihign Student Leadership Program, which was set up to*sistsnrdentleaders inthe Third World (and was usai Uythe CIA to thwart C;ommunist influence on various,otherstudent bodies).

Harris then started working forthe Arnerican Society forAfrican Ctrlture (ASAC), one of the most prestigiousBlack groups in America whi0h had secretty teen nrnaeaartd manipulated by the CIA as a means of keeping itsfingef, on the pulse of the resurgent African independEncerlrot&fnents.

r,'Xn 196r Harris returned to the Ford Foundation, whichhe senred in Kinshasa, Congo, for two years. In 1966 he

::: :::

' ' o^trHo BUTuB1EzI AND,l:Ttls:cra" 4e$

ioined.the A&iw-Aqerican lil$dtute' wnere he direetedhAA programme" and.travelled tlequs,rtly to various pans

of Ali:ica" He left the AA! in r969i present whereahusunknown (to BOSS).

After being complltely briefbd by Mike Geldenhuys and '

Hans Bnrmrier on the subject of the story I was to wrifeabout the African-American Instinrte warning ChidGa$haButhelezi not to travd to Ethiopir wi$ @is Eglin' I weot:

U"& * H. J. van den Bergtr'sbffice arid gave him a quickrun-through of the story I intended mounting.

tff t*ii"O as he listened but then added a lote of wgqti':ing::To protect us being seen 9s your source I zugge'sc ygrsdte in ylur article tlot yoo obtained all your informuimfrom a woman in Anieri& who is either friendly or w,qq'k-s

with somone in the Africarl-American Instinrre. Keep itvague but make zure you insert sonrethlng of that qstnre toAi&ance the Bureau from yotr. One otherlhing, don'! break

the story until five or six &ys before theAfrican'Amerigp*'Instimtl's conference opens in Ethiopia.l . , :,iil:

I did exact$ ts I was told- Orr + Ocmbq 1973' L'1,$:Soutn emo *a g"*'bsck to London. I held $e,etqry rytwo moflths and thq-r cabled it to the Johannesbur-ts SyfulExpress* six:days before the Ethiopia cqder€nce. It wgp '

beautifully timed .and according to H. J. van derr'Bergh,had'maximum effect'.

Mr William f,otter, the Presidem of the Afticq3:Amerien Institute, tried to cast doubt on my stof'y by'telling the Rmd. Daily lvlailthat he could not reca[ haviqg:aauisla Chief Gatshi'to travel to Ethiopia alone. Sut CslisEglin did rrot try tt wriggle out of it by using.dip[oqryticg;'bulea9gook- He was tionest and said it was irooic *tat'ftftue gdct and White leaders were willing to travel to

Ethiopia togethc, '\Fhite liberals in the United States

;hfie upd* to ntta this ioint venture undesirable" lvtrnglin oilluded: 'Honr Mr Vorster must be chuckling'n

How right he was. ,' '.:.','' ',:

* z5 Noveobcr 1973, headlined 'Eglin Frozen Out'Of $bfufmmM€eting'. ' ':'

,,{:,1' !

,fl

I heard from BOSS later that Colin futin had beenshodced and hurt by my story. But he was no fool.. Heknew d,irty wo1! was afoot. BO S S told me they had buggeda telephone call at Mr Eglin's home during which he iad. ogid.words to this effect:, of don't believe Winter obtained copies of all those' , Ietters from someone in America as he claims. I fear tre goiI them from someone much nearer home.,:: BOSS also related to me details of a telephone conversa-tbn that $/i[iam Cotter, speaking from America, had with:'$otneone in South Africa. He said, and I quote his exactwofds: 'This- journalist in London a"ntituty aiO ""ig.ibopies of the lettersfrom any woman in America. That,s-allhokum.'

Yes, it was. But Mr Cotter knew, as did BOSS, that hp' could hardly kick up a fuss about the whole *"tt* * h"

would hAve been exposing the part played by CtrA operbtivp' Fdward Holrnes, who acred as a cover aidreos foi Ctrief'tGatsha Buthelezi.

It may seem contradictory to some readers that whileH" J. van den Bergh and the CIA had a friendly workingrelatlonship - as will become apparent later - the'CIA stilinvolved itselfin clandestine operarion$ agaiiret the SouthAfrican government.

, {l once explaingd this to me by saying that.all foreignlntelligence networks play the same game. Whatever forh

, of llaison $ey hgve rlrith foreign p"wJr, all play dtfty ;;k;on tqg side,_ the CIA being the very worst offenAer,according to HJ.

He'told me: 'Let,s say the Americans catch up with one9f my non-admitted agents operating in the States. Theyimmediate$

-cgn-taqme and say they are going to "*por"my agent publicly. They tell me this in advance in case I

have something up my sleeve which I wish to horsetrade.. , off I have something which could be embarrassinj-to

.Washington_I_ tell them so and we do a deal. f t iJ q-"ieiabeut what I know and they kick my agenr out of Amiricawithout any fuss being made. It,s- called the ..Avoidinl

'. t' ':,. t

Unneceeeary .Public,ity? tacfic rtom: u&ieh baft sidcsbenefit.'

HI said rhe had employed thh ectic ott.$utnerousoc"a.iionr, not oirly with the €IA$ut'also with British andFrench intelligenoe.

'But if I did not have oneAmericans they would throw

/,up my sleeve against thcmy exposed agent to the

n€wspaper wolv99, a4d South Africa would get a hiding inthe overseas media.'

In.this nwer-ending game of tit for tat, HI:sid:l@:iournelists Uke myself

-were often used wheo one'$.P,nirn"a to give the other a gentle kick in theteeth. Aqd.$H[was the real zubtlery behind BOSS grviag *u 16qi$pfflabout the Ethiopian wnferene..

On the one hand BOSS was:disclosfurg a subiect Pithtlre intention of causing public ernbatrasameot tothe banalProgressive Parqrleader Colin Eglin and the equal$-hatodAfrican-Americas lqstiarte. Qn the other' BOSS wtg

' diplomatically' letdng \ffashington know .that it ww,awrle;of ihe CIA's secrat dppott of_Cfef Cnesha Butholezl',: :

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My last maior assignment for BOSS in London was tospend three months compiling a list of British children whohad diedat a very early age so that South African intellig:ence could obtain passports,,in, their,narnes. BOSS alsoasked me to submit a detailed f,eport on the safbst possiblemethod of app$ing for such falsi passports.

By disclosing this I realize thar I arn inviting possibleprosecution should I ever wish to return to Britaiirr-but myrno$vetfor doing so is rwofold. Apan from illustrating thl,devioushess of BOSS, f am'sure the British secudry pJople

.ry.ill wish to mounr an investigation into the sub;ea. f imtherordy person outside BOSS who can disclose ihe namesofall those dead children. British security cannot trace thern]v.rtqout my help'because when I applied for the nccessarybirth certificates at Sornersel House I gave false names aniaddresses. Even BOSS does not know the false names andaddresses I used, so there is no way anyone can erase myapplications from the records at Somersit House. It wouldalgo,be totally impossible for British secudry to weed outsll the application forms by checking them with my finger-prints. BOSS told me that my assignment.was so top secretthat-.I should wear gloves at all times when handling thbapplication forms. Apart from that, trying to trace the 6rmsin this way would be a formidable task;ihousands of birthcertificates are issued by Somerset House every month.- lTo start at the beginning, B O S S asked me to fiace aboutfifteen childryn who had &ed in Britain between the yearsrg3o

-tq 1946

_and twenry who had died in the years r95o to1957. The official explanation given to me was tfrat ti6,SSwanled, to send secret agents tb operate in Bleck African

,llt.,i',t*t,.'tiiti..,

.il'

'i.*I'

coi.lntries. under false identhies;.The agents obvioruly could

ill'*tty s*lrt arri"* passports; rtt ry* case' British

;-"*t il best, because, in-the first place,.Briiish prysports

o*"." for suspicion i" glu"t states and, secondly, most

sJrii; Af;i*;s^speak English.- -gto- tgTrrlf.. J.van den Bergh had a secret arfangemertt

*[il;;;# slnioi cerman potftician (9r $erqan Ftellir"""",

ot bottr) whereby BOSS could obtain false G.e.rman

p"sp"n-. Buithese wit" not much use if our agerlt d-id not

Ip"-[ g*A German, and English-speaking South Afrl'cans

rarely do. 'r r: r;ir '

Vhen BOSS instructed me to start my search for desd''

inf;; theysaid I should avoid famous nam€s 4u PH!.,I:

Vassatt, Churchill, Keeler, Profurno and the like' I was arso

;iil1" ;hildten with foreign-sounding or Igwish names'

i*?ti" t*t out obviously gritish ntlmes, the tnore cofn:r

mon the better.My first call was to the Centrryrl Referype Libralf in

St-frsrtins Sffeet near Leiccster Square' Tl"ti.th:y,H:*icrinm copie of the British newspaper Tfte Times dstlng

from 1785. arrv m"mU"t ;f th" pubiic can' withgl-t-3gtrouble'rv-hatsoever' gain access to these files' The libfarian

Jo* ""t ask for proof of identity or even ]our lrafior f

.oretendedlwasastudentdoingathesisonmoder.nhistory-*-Jin" riutarian led me to three proiectors in a far corner

"fin"-irtt""v and showed me how to usg them' In Bnoth€r

;il;;;6yit u "^i'^tott**t of shelves b*lLg-q$

microfilm, neatly dated and in yearly sequence' I chose-tne-

proieaor -in

the-far right-hand corne.r *-lt* was not over:

looked. I did not **i*yoot to.notice/that I was applying

-v."tit"itt" b"atttt column which is.a regular feat'tre in

flte flmes,It occurred to me that British security miglrt iust;;;" ;om" kind of agreement with the Chief Librarian

;;";;t-;p;;iJ notici is taken of anvone making a long-

i** tiitav of the Deaths column' . :'rrl'- ilt;ili wasa long-term iob. I-sat at that proiector for"e

couole of hours "i""y otit"t day' To reduce pmsible

il;#; I il;;sJ ttrt micronm-of rhe Tdzes kept x the

lvlarvletnne llbrary. I kept ii*ll *rnyrfrom the C*rndenReference ,Libmry as one q the 'rlssistosts there wasex@refyriosy, I s]furmed the Deaths colinryrs until I found an infant

riiho had died. If it was more ttran a year old I was usually:rnsr" lrtterested, as this increa$ed the risk that the parentsrnight have applied for a p:$sport for it when going onho{idays ebroad. Quite often it was infuriating to nna tne&sth of a child mentioned without its parents or addressfting given. This meant theie was not inough data for meto use when applying for a Death Ceitificate at Somerset'Fft,use. I had to apply for a Death'Oertificare to ensure thatdrc infant had acnrally been bom in the United Kingdom,otherwise it might nm bc ci,*ltled.to a British passport.

One of th9 thitrgs I qtiicftly realized during my oearch

''wes that pcopld.who phced death notim m Tlu Timeshad sften. etso placed a notice in the Birrhs columniwhen-the ctfrld had been born, This was rremendousty useful,bergus€ people give more details when a child is born.:,,r',ftfts1 two hours at the microfilm proiector I would takedl *ry noteo round to Somerset House and obtain funherffiailS about the dead infant from the huge rqistersrofbirths and deaths freely amilable for publicserutiny- Thiswas vitelly irrportant because I had to be surc the chitd hadlrcudly existed: I mentioo this because, during the three'rhoihrhs I spent doing research at the pmiector, I found ,

deferal children who had apparently died bur did not exisr,in'the official files kept at Sbmerset House!'At tlrc rime Ipresunred they were bastards (of the bom-out-of-wedlockkind) or the parents had not bothered to registei theirbirths..ttrThatever rtre reason, it rnoant I could ddnittty nutapply fo'r that all-irnportant pieoe ctr psper, the Birth&rtlficate. ,.

Searching out all the necessary background details aboutddad'children was hard work and often very exasperating.,$innetimes six or seten cases that had seemed perfia whJnS:ftirmd drem in the Deaths c:olumns all turned out uselessofu'I:checked on ttrem at Somerset House. ,

'FArse BRrrrsH PAssPoB.Ts:!+orl'sg$$' #: -::'

W,,nen I stenen my omch I dodded &n,sa'festfffit#woutd beto apply for my own Birth Crrtificat

G. en*-iiittg tUi*, f ""ntr.mne""Arhat

my'sister-haddfJ;i;;;t*""I" when still a child' tr started eeairhi4g*r*"---n'G-filo ut Somerset llouse for

-thq details eo {iat

f coula apply for a Death Certificate ia her name - ag$nr '

;i;#;myselfwiththeProedure' - . :

Some people are """ia*i-1itoo.;

fm definitcly. c-oinci-

As I ran my finger down the files looking tor

At" yd."imv sister's birth I fouad the narne Pasicia Aqtrfflirito. This child had beeo born to my mothern Anns i

Winter, formedy Roe, itr Chesterfreld' Derbyshire' lnMrch 1935.

Tbere-ilust be sorre mistake' I ttrought' I ncver had' a .

sister named Patrieia. The files at Som€f,set House were'

;;ilit wrong. The sister I was looking for was narirodj*tt en-v wi"io. But iust to.be on the safe side I applied

ior a girth Certificate in both natues' Jean and Patriciryi

fn*t was no mistaka Pauicia wss my sister, aad shet*d"been le$Uy adopted ehonly after herbirth'''"'': "'i'--cbd;&.gr"ao* ;:of all p€opF rvtv m91ferf. Iformcr convit girl who w€ls $o terribly respectablg rha*n" ott almost prlssp She'd had an afair aod'an ittegitisote;hid.-A shamefirl ttting ittaoa in the 'r99os' I was o?er-

whelmed with sadness,-as I'could not talk to my mothm

aUootit; she had died in 1963. But there was.a sense of grcqt'

iloii"*!"t in rne also. I had an unknowu sister, thenq8ied

tttitty-t""*. rWhere was she? \ffas she married? Did $he .

hav'e-childrecr? Ttrere was only one way to find gT':sqil;aw; to find her.,Forget ic Omcianom was diabolical'

;heri y"" tried to pump-infonnation o9t-of them about a

"ftia i*tto had been adopted I battled for three months

to tr""t iudcia and to this day l stiltr have not sucoeeded"--

Afd oompiling a list of about thirty dead British

"nifatin ana

.obtafing Birth and Death Certificates fur al['

;itd I pubmiaed in" in to BOSS- Thev had dscidied

*rJ it would .be too risky for me to appty for Se actwlpassports; they said g-rottrer BOSS operative wottld <!o

ll:,'ri ), i '. . .

j;:i": ,,ed6 ' lNsllltr s.o$s . ,. .. ,-

that. Brrt my work was s 'il not complete. BOSS asked meto make discreet inquiries amongst my friends in theBritjsh:criminal underworld,to fini out tt" raf.ri ;;y;applying for the false passports. *

: , .i'One problem was that anyone getting a passpoft has to,git,.a diable witness to sign the-applicltio" f"^"- *e;pe b-ack of the passpoft p6otograpfru.-This witness couldbe a lawyer, doctor or.Justie of the peace etc" who wouldp+q he had kr9* ihe appticant for a number

"f fi;.A-simple but cunning way round this was for the applicarrt' . 'to {alsely sign a doctor,s name o,tr the form and submit thepassport application at a time When he knew that a""t",' y.ould be awaf on holiday. t tota BOSS .f,",,fr" p"lrp"riOffice qften did not bother to make a telephone

"uU io

c.hecl-c the identity of thewitness but if in tniri"." tnuy ai4the doctor's regqtionisr yguld orplain that her *rpt"y*was auray on holiday. Taktng into account the fa& ttatbureaucrats like toget rid of a problem quickly, the passport

,. : Office official would.almost cirtairrty pustr the "ppfi"ririo"tfrough rather than hang on to it for-a month, f toti n OS S

thar the best time to alply: for false passpofis was May,fune-an{ July; the oth"i"t.

"t nf," Fassport office areinundated with.app]ications dlring this pre-holid"V prriua.

. Proof that the passport Office does- not "fwa!" "n""tback can begained froln the fact that, althqugh i;;r;;;

doctor or.a lawyer, I_once signed ". "

*it rer", fb";y;;;woman who applied for a (genuine) British p"rrport. I aitnot make py false statement; f gave my futlname, addressancl telephone number, and I cleady stated, in block

"".pirf,r, 1!rat my profession was ,A iournalist''. N"b;;

telephonid me to check, and the girl o6tained t"r f"mp#within seven days. Sorne smart aleck at BOSS hiaa_quarters thought that was hildrioirs. He sent me a uttte noiesayjng:_'!fl.e hope that girl doesn't tutn out to be a deep,cover KGB agent., I think he was iokins-

^. The only reiraininq n"oUrg* i* dO S 3'i" applying for a

false passport was: what.happens in the unlikelv Ju"rit tfr"ithe parents of the child who died applied for a iassport for

rli;; :

1,K'',''

'' 1.FALsE snitlsE pAsspoRr$',f,o,:Boss' d,4?r

The room would have to be rented under an assumednarlle , ' ''.'i

trn vicw of this, I advised BOS$ to get sornbone to rentssmall fumished room in Lnndon's Earls C-ourt di$tfid'where many large houses offer ternpmry '....,]

it dtrtitg ttrre.'first ftw months qf,its Ii&?,I was t!*mpted to -..answs the question by saying,'YourBOSS oiperatio *t :,

go"* tn ooiler* that paispok wil qlre go to iail' But the l€dl ' :r

io*oe" -was sirnple. You don't harrc to go to qollect tlre. i', l

passport; you cai have it sent to.you by pmt if yorr@r " : ,

for iust one week and then vacated. Before returnilq $ttuy,{or the f,ront door of the house, the tenant should havq s..' '

""pV -"a" "f it. The trick here is that some ef those hougq$;,,.,

in'Earls Court are six floors high and have up to,thi8tyr'"''tenants living in thern. The postman cannot be expected-to

climb six flights so he pushes all the letters through theletter box in the front door. The caretaker of the block .

places all the lefiers on a large table in tlre hallway for the . ''i""*ts to sort through. ThiJpracrice is followed by ecofq r' ;.oitouro in Earls C"un. All6ur BOSS agent would'hgfe':. f ir'

to do, after vacating his flat, was to apply for a passport flfid j:' :'*f fot it to be poitua to him at that address. A difeqgrt .

BOS S agent could then let himself intothehouse erreryday,

using thJduplicate key, and look to see if the false paseport

ftuo "*riu"a. if it h*d,-*d he was quite sure the house was 'i

.'.

not under surveillance, he could pocket the envelope con'taining the passport and walk out with it. There would hno iifrctty in iecognizing the envelope, as he would tnow '

the name oithe persbn it had been addressed to. In anf caser'' ;

the passports arrive in large browq envelopqs cleady,

martea 'bn Her Maiesty's Service'. Evea if the house was

or the police, and our B O S S agent collecting the ry11p-gfwas ariested, he could only be clrarged with theft. Hisphotograph was not on the passport and he could clairqiot toin^o* anything about ii. '

: ,

BOSS thought thfs was a marvellous idea and said thry 'r

would definiteft adopt such.a procedure. But I was tqt::lnBritain when this was done. One week before the Bfitish

under suryeillance by suspicious Passport Office officials, " ..i

{#,X!$S,!S'8i3O8Si'. i, ,, 1"

gancral electisn in February ryT4rTsubmitted my massivedossie*.on ttre fererrry Thorpep{orrran Scott a&ir to the$undry fuople newspaper, as requested b,y BOSS. Thetr,ota8,Sebnrary, I cast my vore for the Conservative Partyand'irnmedistely drcve dourn to Southampton to board aliner bound for South Africar After seven long y6ars as aBOSS spy in London, \firfier was coming in-from thecold * back to the glorious smshine.

ffi':iE#t1

\

Psrt Three , "

33 EXPOSED

The voyage back to South Africa on the Eilinbnsh Cattre

was a time of great happiness for me but not for,a verybeautifirl young woman who kept away from most of theother pasiengers. Shg always looked sad and only gaveafleetin! smidwhen served at mealtimes by a steward. $&9

lay aloie on the top deck every day o<posing her dehctablefigure to the sun in a modest swimming costttlll€. At nighqrfr" r"t in the library reading or played a quiet game dbridge with a group of much older and more s$ate prypl-e;

Eiery Romeo on board, and that included most'of 'theship's officers, tried to chat het up, but sh9 slapped'therndown. She used the name Miss Marlene Smith, but I kaewher real identity. She was Madene Drummond, the ex'wifeof Melvyn Drumrnond, who once worked fo1 thg

-Sgryh..African biplomatic Service at the United Natio,ns, AESPwas a man who would have given his last breath for Sotrth

Africa- until he went to work in America. Then somahingquite traumatic happened to'him.

First of all his marriage to Marlene broke up and enddin divorce. Then he realized that Black people were notinf,Erior, as the brainwashers in Pretoria had led him tobelieve. He iacked in his iob and married a very pr€ttlr girlnamed Diana Ramrattan' The marriage made world heed-

lines. The newspapers grabbed at the fact 'that

he was aformer apostle of apartheid yet his new wife's skin was.

Black. The South African goveillment tried to cover up isacute embarrassment by saying 'Mr Drumrnond was onty.a

very iunior diplomat anyway.' It was a feeble answer but itreassured most of the White voters in sunny South Africa.

'A shy girl, Marlene w.as terrifled of returning- * |o,frftAfrica, wiere people would surely point t her and whicfp9:iShu*". Thatis the poor' girl whose husband ran off'witha

, 45o . rNsrDE BdsS

Black.',But eventually she ptrucked up courags and decidedto face it out.by_sailing back to the land of ralal purity. Shi*:tEr,thade it. Marlene was,.ftiund dead in her catin a few,bdrrs after we sailed into tha rnajeslic Cape Town harboui

;. ; The police were baffied. There was no r"Sg*,io" "if."i.play and a post-monem exanrination failel-to rweal any

4f *-.rtp cause of death.In,her home torvn ofDurb;rh;i..gtill ialk in hushed tones ebout Marlene. :Shame. She wasthat lovely Sfhite girl who killed h€rself by;r6;";;dsce of untraceable poison,,becauce her husb-and ran oe irO'qnigd a Black.'' , .That's South Africa. i

I was met off the ship by Theo Riectrsbieter, a seniorBOS S operative based in Cape Town and a personal friendof General H. j,.van dcn Bergh. Ifith,him were tpo Blackpolicenreo in plain clothes. They were there to carry mvtwenfy-five suitcases and trrelve sea trunls to " *iitirrlI tnrck. Theor wc there to stoef, me-tfuough

"ortorrt. *f,

innnlgratioa formalities. There werre hilo good r€asons for. .pq,,Oae yas that my trunks containeJmany buggfi'ds$iffi,, vmious transmitters and a largp cqlt€ftio;,o?pditical books banned in Souttr Africa as-.&rnmunisdc,.The other-reasol cry ttry any persou n&o has bcen officiallydeported from _South Afria canaot technica[y rerurn. :

No wonder, th€n, that when I travelled up io Johannes-tnngand started workon my old paper, the Sundiy Express,my journalist olleagues were agog. SermA

""p"*"o fril, dval p-apers tried to interview m", Uut there was a simpleway of dealing with them. I iust plaaed my hand ou"r, *ymsuth and kept it there until they left. Say just one word tothern and lh€y turn it into an exclusi# intenriew; sayncttring and you hrye therr licked. They c*nt very weil rciltfreif readers that yqu never unered a word. i

.me toyg!$ iournalist to approach me was Viv prince,wlio workcd for the Rand Dcily Mait. I knew she waseecretly lookingfor blood, so I put both hands to *y *o.rit1nd: kept thern there. Oozing qharm, she said I looied veryfitralrd n&ere did I ger that-beautifully cut suit. I *as veri

.:

, i.. :TEXPOSBD . 4jI

t€mpted to say BOSS had:boryht it but I di&I'n Then slre

showed her true colours. ' :

' 'Comi on, you slimy sod, at least say no comment. I'Ulook a right arse if I go back to my paper without,a singlequote.'' i *r*"ted by turningmy back and walked into thst"most ,

sacred room in any newspaper, the editor's private ofrF. :

Keeping my hands over my mo-uth I winked at the editonand sat down. Viv Prince barged past a protesting secretgf,yand plonked her backside on my editor's desk.

'Ilrn not leaving until that scurvy bastard gives me arl, ,

interviewr'she declared. ' ,:'l,l:

The editorscreamed in furV and bulldozed her out as he.r'mouthed obscenities. Resourceful Viv had the last TVotdr I

though. In the Rand. Daily Mail next day she hadra storyheadlined'Deported Man Allowed Back'.* trn it shequoteda top pa$sport official as saying 'If you are deported you'snouH stay out.'That spokesrnan knew what he was talkingabout. He was Mr C. Lindeque, a secret and top*.fury4

BOSS agent in the Department of the Interior wtlor:[*ar"atr-.h" "i.tv

oiias ana expulsion srders f]omGeneral H. J. van den Bergh'S mob. BOSS never takFs

chances. It has one of its men planted in every importantgovernment dePartment. ir,- Working on the staff of my qld paper again was restlygreat. Johnny fohnson was still editor and he

-was still

Enioying that sarne old secret political love affair with ,

Premier John Vorster. Johnson covered fo1 me by tellingtlre staffof the Express that he had'persuaded'Vorstqf tolet me back into South Africa. It was a lie, yet rnost people

in the newsroom believed it.Finally, the South African Associated Newspapers board

of directors got wise to Johnson and decided it was sick' ofhis political behaviour. He was eased out within six monthsof my reftFn. He went on to run a magazine for BlackecnlLed Hh. Only years later did the South African pub&ic

discover that this-magazine was a secret goveurment ftgft* z3 March rg74. .';,''"'.,. ,

I"....!a

,,,1 ,,, ,'452 ',ii$rgtDts,rloss

for subde.propaganda and had,been illegally finaned byhetoria from taxpayers' money.

lotmnnesburg Sutrday Express I was appointed the militarycorrespondent of the paper. This enabled me and mycamems to enter Army, Navy and Air Force bases all over, itrc ountry as well as iecret raaar bases hidden de"p

""aer-ground and top secrer afirry camps doaed atong SouthAfrica's borders. During this time I flew round thelountry' 9g Bropaganda missions with Mr pik Botha (now the. , Minister of Foreign Affairs and Information)

- and the'Defence

Minister, i,r" p. $r. .rdr$r;;";; B"A" *n"'1,today the South African Prmrier. p. \J(/; Botha gave meseveral exclusive stories, btit he never liked me. He knew I

- was very cloee to Genetal H. J. van den Bergh, a man hedetedted and later brougtrt dov,"n.

While working_on the Exprbss I met a smart youngrtpo*er named Wendy Kochman. She was attractive anI

' .irruCligent - and a bteeding-hean liberal. It was love at firstsight. I wooed her stealthily, and today she is my wife and;hother of ourrwo children.tshe was also mainly rlsponsibbfor weaning me away from BOSS, Those really were the days of wine.and roses, f wmprfl$ryarly dZoo a rnonth from the Express, and {zoo atnonth from BO$S, plus expenses, althbugd t ai? v.rylittle work for ttrem. I drove a BMW car irnponed from,Gerrfiany and occupied a ltrxury suite in orre of yoharrrre.-burg:s five-star hotels.',' ,It was all so good that for my annual leave in .Tanuarv1976 T boarded a liner for a four-week cruisins troliaai,round Brazil, Uruguay and the Argentine. Wfrle t wasttrere the Jserny Thorp€ scandal broke in Britain, and:Fleet Stretrs Daily Minor gave methe hiding of my life by,lmblishing a sflasf, front-paie rtoty op*i"g-*" *'" iudt.BOSS agent who had .campaignia for fivJ years to p"rt*le J€remy Thorpe story into the headlines., *

_

-* 3_r_January tgZ6:.-h.1dt}:d _.Thorpe,s Hunter Exposed. [.fhe]

Mau Who Tried To lfreck The Liberais,.

.,lu:,;'ii{T-]:t. . j

:ilj;.:.,'

: EXPOSED' 453

The frst lnWiedge i fuacf, of, ail rbis:, €filG'whec ireoeiveA a radio telephone catt, on' the 'liner Elkris, Iit was mchsred in the port of; Buenm Aira, The linewas rather crackly, and a voice eaid 'Hello, Diapr ftry1BOSS oodename). 'It's Kitt Y*atzin here, can you hearme?' :

I trcard him all right but I knew it was aot Kitt Katzln,the news editor of the Johannesburg Swrday Exprxs.It was

the very. farniliar voice of General Hendrik vdn den Bergh.In rwo minutes flat he g&ve me a precise breakdown of cihet ,,

had beeo published by ttre British Daily Minor and tht*-' ,

said I should refuse to accept any radio telephone €alts'-which came to ttre liner. Forewarned is fonearmed. '

tlfhen I reiurned to South Africa HJ told me thst thc'British Prime Minister Sir Harold Wilson had personallyleaked that story to the Daily Minor. HJ also rnectiohed '

howthis had been done. ;

' But not to worry,' he said. 'Wilson dare not stand,qp md;say it in public, because he knows we have a nasty srnack,iti ,

tte teettr for him if he doas-'

' One of the smacfts Bi.OSS had ready for Haiold Wilsflt:was a full dossier about a sor scandal at top level in Briwhich HJ said would'make the Christine Keeler business

look trivial:. Involved in the scandal wa$ an attrqcti\rcwofnan CIA operative who worked in a 'sensitive area ofWhitehall' and who had slept with at least five or six BritishMembers of Parliasrent in order to 'gather information ftirth€ CIA'. At least three of these MPs had also-becninvolved in sen orgies in a London house end BOSS,tudvarious photographs taken in a first-floor bedroom ofthathouse, including snippets of a movie film showing uro ofthese MPs together on a bed wifi nvo naked womsr - onea beautiful brunette and the other a blonde. The womenwere socialites, not prostiiltes.

{hat pleased BOSS most was that the father of thewoman who owned the house worked at the Soviet Embg€sfin London. ,::::"

*

i-:.:1':.

.fi::l.iiIrlir:..,:i'

:ia iiri?,-t.,;.:ll

;'l l-,

;',r.,,1,r,,... ' , '',,

.1', , ,:'.li " .. ::,:

454'. TNSIDE Boss

Fleet Street went gunning fot me wlrcrl the leremy Thcpe/Nornun Scott aftir broke in J.anuary 1976. I must payH. J..van den Bergh one very big compliment here. Heprotected my back magnificently throughout the Thorpe/Scon scandal. How he managed this will certainly alarm

' rnany people in Britain, particularly journalists.. HJ's first advance warning cafire to me on 9 March 1976.

On that day Labour MP Jarnes Vellbeloved asked HaroldVilson, during question tirne in the House of Comrnons','Can you say if you have received any evidence of theinvolvement of South African qgents in the framing of

' hading Liberal Party menrbers?'*Mr Vilson replied that he had seen no evidence at all that

the South African govefiimet$ or its agencies had any con-nection with these unoavoury activities. But he did notdoubt,at afi &at 'massive tesources of business money andprivate agents of various kinds and various qualities' hadbeen involved in the matter.

, l,trt is irnportant to note that the Liberal MP Mr JohnPardoe, who, possibly by coincidence, was sitting n€trt to

. Jeretny Thorpe in the Commons that day' then stood upand asked a carelessly worded question:

'In view ofthe very serious nature ofthe suggestion thatSouth African security fo'rces, without the apparentrccognition of the South African goverrlment, are involvedin the atraits of this country to do with politicians, perhaps.of all parties, what action do you propose to take?'. Harold Vilson quickly corrected Mr Pardoe: 'I did notsay security forces. I said there was no evidence of SouthAftican govemment participation. I referred to some vef,ystrong and heavily-financed private masterrninding ofcertain political operations.r

* Mr Vellbeloved later said his question had not been'prompted' or planted'. One of the main leasons he had asked it was that he.hadhedd reports suggesting that a Johannesburg iournalist namedGcndbn \Finter 'was involved in the Thorpe case' (British DaTyTelyaPh, ro March 1976).

.,ffHitl'!t,'::.!i,;:lii,,'il.1rr,

'''",' :,8[P0$BD' i155,

To emphasize ttrat Pretoria was innocent of involvecnent

i" G-iit;tpe/Smtt sensation,,Harold tfirilssn ndded:''''I'have made ifqirite clear that I do not believe I "aq S{.t"yunia"tt

" of responsibility on the part of the South A&ican

sovernment.'"-Stto",tv after he made those statements in the l{ouse ofCom*otit, Harold Vilson allegedly told a small groupoffti""Ov iournalists: 'The man you should go {or-'is'-aiootrulitt t u*ed Gordon Winter who is now living in Ssuth

iili"" He started the Thorpe business and I'm sure.'he

*o*r f* BOSS. That's,the rnan you should go lookiqg

for.' "'I do not know how H. J. van den Bergh t"q'u {qgllpq

uU"n"a"tut"ment to tondon iournalists by Harold \t/ilsonso {uickly, but within rsoo hours of Mr Wilson's strrtement

itr tir" }Iottte of Commons, I received an urgent telephone

"uU fto* HJ telling me to rush over to his office !r Pr'etoria'.

irt"t" tt. guu" m" i f,il breakdown of what Mr Vilson had

*ia i" tfrE Commons and what he had a[egeqtv t9H q:iournalists shortlv afterwards. HJ warned me that I could

!*puct t"bpftone calls from the British press asking me if I*"1

".BOSS agent, and he told me exactly how to answ'er

them.The calls started as soon as I arived back in Johannesburg

from Pretoria, and I gave thern my prepared answer' It was

simple:'ites, I was the first iournalist to investigate the Jeremy

Thorpe affair, and I wtis the first to interview Norman Scott

way Uact in rg7r. But whv 4o yol- 39!-*" if I'P-u EpSSagente The giiiish Premier Harold Wilson told the House

oF co*ot t - and he repeated it twice - that the South

African government and its security-se-rvices are innocgnt

of involiement. Are you calling Mr 'Wilson a liar?'The first Fleet Stieet journalist to phone me was Mr

Trevor Aspinall, a real toughie who worked for the Swdny:. . People. He was very cute. - :._;?"r, i know what Mr lJfilson said in the House'' But I

,,ii{'t.:!),

'' , i,iJ,,ri),1r

4gi . rNs:tE Bos6

qisp irrppgn ro irrqwrirsr ile srn persoflstty'belie{/,e$ }€r area BOSS agent and that you u.t rl" whole'Thorp-e rlffi;;

qB0SS,Ihe said., .Idyanswa to Mr,{spinall ruas that I doubted verymuch

,-iwhether the British Frernier would t.U tt" H&$€=oigq1rurrqf sng thing and iournalists another. N";i;;,;belie\rcd what wre on the necord, as, surety, li" Wif"ir"

, 'wouldnot have mfuld the Housei

- Eight vreeks later, during the third week of May, H. J. nand€n Bergh called me overto pretoria again. T[is time t"raamed me that a few da1ru earlier Harold Wilsoo had,cecretly assigned two freelance BBC'reponers to mount a,cpecial _investigation on hisrbetrdf. The

-two

""po*"o ,ro"

Barrh Penrose ard Rog€c C-orrriour, ana, silO Hi, ^i;\Vilsou h€d olk€d ro rtrem in the privacy of his t iraon

homc md imtru@d ft€m to .obtain prooithat tnere cras a..ffirdtg$outh African munection ilr'rhc Tbot'De uo"arf '-Affidry b HJ, Mr Wibon fraa mentionea-fi;;;knrOee and Corntiourand had quite categorica[y-dfibed

"aeas'a l<nonrn BOSS agent,.

- HJ said that one or Nyo days later penmce and Couniurrhqd Erur,ned to llamld Wilsonb horre in ttrc cos1pen,, off! Chartes Curran, then the Direeror qer;rat of rhi tira:Thsne Sir Charee$ agr,€ed drat Fenrcee ana Courtiour eouidrept r€gular informgtiq from Mr Vilson on a highlyconfidential basis so that they_ could assernbf"

""oq*rEE, f,oc $le BB C later to mounr a tengttly doctrarcntary Etm for, relevisidr. As thcy sat in Mr Wifil'sIq*,." the Ibqr men

had agreed that tfie whole thing should be kept top secr€r.Tlmre were several rearnns for Ois; one msintoner*rtfriMr Wilson said he disrrusted tUe tiritlstr security serl4*;yhich, he daimd, were riddled with operatives-wtro were'pro-Sotrth Africat,IL J.-van den Bergh sarned nre to be on my guard

. agpinsr Penrose and C.ouniour, who wbuld zu1el1dr",;me.:t_j-V" cari have a bit of fun on this one,? he chuckled.iVhen Penrose and Courtiour contad you, say you don't

..y.jj; ,"

t:.1:l

.i::?. .

nxnoseo'457

tnrst theur. lffhen they ask why, tell them Seou know,allabout them playing footsie with Harold \tr7ilson. Y-ou can tellthem that you know all about their private visit to Vilson'shome.t , ., ,.

HJ felt that this wor.dd obviously shock Fenrose andCourtiour and that it was almost certain they would relatemy cornments to Harold Vilson.

A few days later I did receive a telephone call frontLondon. It was Barrie Penfose, and he started'to butterrneup by saying he was investigating my part in the Thorp{Scott affair and he wanted his probe to be as fair as possiblicto me in particular. So would I talk to him? When I said !doubted his claims of impartiality, Penrose asked why. I hkhim with the fact that I was aware of his top secret dealrwithHarold Vilson.

'Why should I trust you if you're playrng footsie witLrHarold Wilson?' I asked.

Penrose gasped and said words to this effect: 'My God!You really are well-informed. How on earth do you knonraboutthat?' ', ,i,;:;

Enjoy'rng rnyself immensely,'I told Penrose that I had esensational story up my sleeve which would embarrassHarold Wilson and his Labour Party. I cannot rememberhow much detail I gave Penrose on this subject but I doknow he related my comments to Harold Wilson in ftrll.

I do not'know the identity of the man in London whokept H. f. van den Bergh so well inf,ormed about HaroldWilson's private deal with Penrose and Courtiour. But I doknow that the culprit was then a senior employee of theBBC, at editor level or higher. The sameman was to helpHJ again later when BBC iournalist Tom Mqngold flewto America and obtained a sensational interview with MrPeter Bessell, the former Liberal MP for Bodmin andpersonal friend of Mr Jeremy Thorpe., Mr Bessell told Tom Mangold.something so sensational

that Mr Mangold flew back to London confident that he hada maior story on tape in his briefcase. It was an attack onJeremy Thorpe by Peter Bessell. But when Mr lvlangold

I ?5l8 - rxsrbr soss

returrreri ^ro his office ai tirc BBG ileCrscovered thm some$p trf .tuOnened in-connectiou with the Thorpel$edt?fiet wbich me€nt *rat much of his taped intervibrr rpitU.rttr lJessell-coutl-not be broadcasf by the BBC, as it wasryj*^r a be highly libello{rs. For that rcaso{ a transcdptot th€ tape was sealed

1n a.qfe ar the BBC where ,robodyeould read it. Nothlng from'a$.-rruryoipt *", ."o.rsed bytfte BFC. It stayd crefully iocked

"*ay io the safe" Or s;

$ey thmghr.'-W-!lrE ten^days of the transcript being placed in that

sde, H. J._vg_den Bergh had atuilbpv ofi.:A, i;,il;ggce { BOSS headquartens in pnetoria one day, Hjehoqued me the transcript, which was quite thick

. 'It looks as though Bessell has his knife in the back of his9ld tnend Jerbmy Thorpe,, said HJ, adding.that Torn

ffitrmgnimed my name 6-i**$*rT6;;'Your name's only rnentioncd on one page of the

tinnscript: I ttrfrt pi shsuld r€sd it,;that Vr,it" au f;i;With the matter.in case Mangold tetephones ydu *a *il rogP rylblrg{1rsyou Bessell said something h" did"i;y.rorewerned ls tbreannd.,

_Jltqd.T..rgt the Tanscript umil he came to page r9whrch be handed to me" I still lpve it-* :

.H. J. van da B€rgh pnotected *y lut yet again m ty76when Barrie penrose and Roger- Courtiour oUtah"j'aten$hy and exclusive intervieil *i*r-lilr*an Scott inT,eu:tJ$ ** abo taped and a transcript

",as gi;;

ttle BBC. Vithin a fonnight H. J. van ddn S"rgt, hfo a fuflcopy of that transcript. My name was mentioried;;;-zr and zz, with further details running *n p"n"-"riElhanded me oopies of all ttroae Fg*;

.fhil'i="ifri*.i_ I O" 14 JFy rp8o ttirte seniorrrr;irs orrh" Sne, panoranaprogramm. flew from Irndon to trr€et me in OuUtin: f,g"""-ifr"Jpge 19 of the BBC transccipt" lg,fO* U"g"la-onn

"rfr tb"; rh;tnFscript had never been used by tA" SBC-*-a-th"t it had been;arei*flq1d away in a safe

"i'dBBC.-rnt'i4angoa also con_

'''mec thst my oopy of rpage rg was'ge.nuine and that my possessionof it rms a tcal mystery. -

l*'i;i, l.:,::

1'"11'."t

'.:.:r,ittl.\1

'ti$ii;.,r,!jh..irir''l'

. EXPOSED . 4.<gi

(Penroee and C;ourtiour harrshce iffitbcm eirid mnfirrired ,

they were genuine")At another stage, in rg77,tllrc other iournalists in Britain

mounted an investigation into the Thorpe/Scott scanddl ,,..:

after being commissioned to write a book on the subiect forPenguin Books. They were William 'Bill' Raynor, a highrcalibre reporter who freelanced for the Guatdimnewtpaper, :

and ffiAllen, a staftnan based at tlrre Rand, DdIy Ma;fgLondon offices in Fleet Street. The title of theirbook was tobe Smeor: South African Intelligence and the TlwF Affair;I was tipped offby BOSS that GeoffAllen was rushiqground London saymg he was detemrined to prove I had satup the whole Thorpe scandal as an assignm€nt fo'r BOS& .r, ,

H. J. nan den Bergh arranged for B.ilI Raynor and Gegff :';,,Allen to be placed under special surrreillane W BOSS :

oper*ives in Lnndon, and, alttrough the two iournatlst$were exceedingly security-conscious, BOSS mrraged to, ,

.

get a full opy of their manuscript at l€ast three ive€ki :,,,.1

before it was handed to Penguin. Calling me to Pretorig IfS' ',', : ,1

handed me a photocopy of dre r63-page manuscripn saylng -' ,

I shorld sudy it minutely. My assignmeot \pas to looft formistakes. so that BOSS oould moum a carnpaign of -..:

denigration when it w€nt on sal,e. As it happened, th€ bakwas never published. But I still have that manuscript

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34 ,:,, RfD HERR.INGS, : ;

-.Some of tle 9ve1ts in Britain connected with JeremyThorpe and the Liberal Parry were so incredible aniridiculo-us that even hardened Fleet Strgt **r*"o *rrrtfave wondered if they were dreaming. In nearly every

: in$ance B O S S was alleged to be the c,ulprit turting tehinitt.le ryqresq but, time after time, sornething happened togiveBOSSthelastlaugflr., :. t :

First_of,a{ t[ere was the su.ange case of peter Hain beingaccuspd of steali+g J4gq from a Lranch of Barclays Bank iiPrmeyr,Londo'n. A,t the time, although Haip w{ts, to me,o11e, of, 1the.i' enemies,, I realized it wai a ridijdouj charge.It_wa9 inconceivable that Hain would snatch money frima bank and run away.

Hain submitted himself to a lie detector test arranged bya teqm flom,the BBC, and the machine proved hinrito biimocEnt. That would have been admissible evidence in anAmerican court but it ryas not in Britain. As it happened,Harl was found rrot guilty after a sensational tial il ApJr976.

One year later I heard thO truth about the Hain case whenI flew from Johannesburg to the Transkei on a newsassignment. While there I met my former London handler,Alf Bouwer, who was then head of the BOSS set-up in thiTranskei. I had not seen Alf for three years and we polishedoffalarge amount of brandy as we laughed absut the,good91d A"Vrl back in London. The conversation- turned to'tleHail lobbgrV'. Alf said it was'a beautiful iob brilliantlyearried out'. According to him, a journalist working for thleatirical magazine Prioate Eye has come closer to the truththan anyone, That journalist had written a ludicrous send-up saying

that a large number of BOSS agenrs had been-plantei

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oritside Haids trondon'home and also outside BarclaysBank in Putney. They had kept in touch wittr each other bywalkie-talkie, The journdist had iokingly written that oneof the B O S S agents had flashed a message that Hain wasleavrng his home and driving'towards Putney - 'so.signal387 pseudo-Hains to rob banks all over London'.

Alf Bouwer giggled about this at length, saying heappreciated the daft British sense of humour. 'But theauitert part was that it was all really done byf radiorn rhe

chuckled. "':'.

He did not elaborate, except to say that a BOSS agenthad been watching Hain's home from a parked car near by:The youth who really robbed the bank was not-a uecrylagentas such, but a-criminal who had to do as he was told'bEcause we had a grappling hook up his backside,' said Alf.I understood from this that the criminal had a serious chargehanging over him and had agreed to do the robbery to getoff the hook.

Alf indicated that the stiminal was not a South Afticsln;'he hinted that he was from lreland. After committl4g'thgrobbery he had been ffown straight to Paris and had:14't6ry,

been,allowed to settle in South Africa to ''start a newlife'. : '

Alf told me there had only been one minor slip-up iltconnection with Hain's double. His hair had been carefullystyled to resemble Hain's but, by sheer coincidence, Hainhad changed his hairstyle a few days before the robbery,and this hud not been noticed by the BOSS operativeswhomounted the plot. i

Alf Bouwer said that soon after the ctiminal,had rsbbedthe bank BOSS had arranged for a telephone call to bemade to Scotland Yard. The caller told the Yard that if

" they checked with Special Branch files they would see thatPeter Hain was heavily involved in agitating agair$tBarclays Ban\ and its investments in South Africa, and thathe had once taken part in a demonstration against that v€f,y

branch of Barclays in Pumey. This call, said Alf Bourcr'.was made to ensure that Hain would be linkod to.'&e

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',,. st@fig'.of ,the {49o, crtirh b €lncdy ilrhat hape€slcd,VtSi" *p hours Hain wss arr€sted

l11t before peter H.ain-,circ to tr,Iat,,Mething occurredry H to colrplerel{ T"ryry him, Haroti Vitson,J€twtg'lhorpe and the whole of Fket Street. In Februarvr976-I{IGnneth Wyatt, a former Cd;;;;6;;[ion the Watford Urban -Council, g"r" p"i;-H;;;;"{}storushrng intonnation.

Wyan said he !4 Uo" appmached by a man caltedFouad ,Ftash Fred' Ka{nil qah; h"J;";; worked fo,r Harrvopcnheimer's Anglo-American--crrp#;-il ffiilAftica. Kamil allegeJ that Ang!o'; r,a"t i.t ort of diamonda$l golcr

-securiry.agena nyorked dqsely with BOSS.Eecause of this, Kadil,had aaidentaUy

-Atsrrerea-*ai

lgfl,l{"qilr up a secret docuier of hatred agatndt top-,rever I iberal party ffirbers in,Britain. The inteotioo wasF.diit_nedt LiberatrMR so thar ttreir recnoval f;;d;

.wouldincrease.the€onservatiu" fa"ry's ootirrg se*rgrh:--Mr Vyatt rold Hain that ooe of Kamil's 4&" hffi;

c..phqbgtaph in one of these dossi€rs. It showeda.BO$S4snt' wh was perer Hain's doubls A marking *rd"h

. airyealed alongside ttle BOSS dossier *, n*&:ffrlistated:-' Operation completely suecessfi,rl'. Th;i;;-*rr;SIymt had appmaehed Hsin. He olam.o hiro; kn& ;d;IPJ| had obviorsly set him up on the p,rtnei'batroobery chargE.

- Perer llain believed BOSS_was capable of zuch a plot!ns.h. was reluctant to disclose Wyans claims to'theBritish press because $(ryatt seemed * oaA ch"*.t".*ap any case, could not provide any @n@te erridencg tolack up his.astonishing, ctaims. iUoi-t*J ;G'A;Peter tlain u'as amazed q ry"d newspape*qons;tiffS! Kenneft Wyan and four CIrn;'Brit*i, had G*:g* with^conspirirlg ro exroft over a *rui*-p""drrom- Harry_ Oppenheimer by threatening t ondon-Uased: rtrGrrrb€rr of his Anglo-American Corporation. The manffiind thm plot wasnorrc.other tnan.irtastr iln'dil;

' ir&s,bsdmasterminded it alr &rom a hiding-plsce i" $i*

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Fouad Abu Kamil wG born in the l-ebmn m 4 Apriltgfi,He etudied rnedicine's dli American'I}stfersitrb . , rr

Beirut and tater rnorrcd to Sierra l-eoneo wherc b lqle - ,

involved in the illesal.srnuggling of, diamonds to:Lilb@ia. ..

He buih up a *Lo"ttu"y-f""* of owenty hailboile&'q . ",,characters who operated in the - dtnse b'ush' wayl*yi{$, ' 1. ',;

illicit diarnond smugglers and relierring them of ttrcir gerns: ,

News of Karnil's operations came to the ears 9f Sir P€rry-"Sillitoe, the former head of Britain's MI5 who y8 $Tworkingin Sorth Africa as the head of the Anglo-Arteriata :

Corporition's wctrity nawork. Sitlitoe met Kamit ed.i.ast<ed t*m to work for Anglo; but Kamil refused. Howe@'.. ': ,

a few years later, in lanuary 1965, he ctranged his mind aadwas reinrited into Anglo by Lieutenant-Colonel SeorgeVisser, then the ctrid sectrrity officer for Anglo'ssection, De Beers. : r

"

Kamil's iob was to pose as a member of South Africalscriminal-undeqrorld who was keen to sell large xmitu,ttsof illegal diamonds. Suc*r trading in diarnoods is a serina$;"

offend in South Afiica whi€h carries tough iail eenteiaeS'

eonfiscation of the diamo'rrds and heavy fines.'Ikniil ffiidrff"d;"rneo; wi[ing to buy a parel of 4roo,oo woct]rof'uncut diamonds and then arrange for him.to be trap@lbrypolice during'the handover. T"he {roo,ooo w^ould be go'tli

hscated and,-of this' Kamil would begfuen d33,ooo as hiscommission., K**il **r wftAout doubt, tlre cleverest diirmond trapperin South Africa's history. He became so feard by crimindothet i" later'years tre haa to. adopt various disguises,rll€"foknown to have been paid at least $5oo'ooo in commistfmover the years, whichhe spent or higb living and gsmbliog'

In fact, Kamil earned at least anottrer half million, bu1$hwar oot pard to him: A dishonest security ofrcs at top lanet-

in the Oi ge.rs diamond section forged $'rnifg signaureon various pay chits inleague with another official, andtrbgi*.pt ttt" miley for therrselves ' ';'.': ''-

Wt"r, Kamii t.*,"4 tgi.,ing for his mon6y in,P?o:$S'two cmoked ofreials swore he was lying, and Ksnitlqdgli$

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f-oU. I" ![VV rlZz, as a form of revenge, Kamil hiiacked aSorlth 4f"i"*o Airways Eoernc 727, *lievng thai oo oiHarry Oppenheimer's relatives was on board. He intended-Ft$ig tlglelative hosage until Anglo-American paid frimhis hatf million. But the hijacking venture Went wrong. TheSoeing.was_liddled with bulleti as it was surrounded bytroops in Malawi, where Kamil was arrested and iailed for

-:eleven years. He was-mysteriously released aftei servingonJy twenty-two months. I do not know how ac"*ate -|information is, but I heard from a very reliable police sourcl$at_flarry Oppenheimer was, to some extent, responsible,fg" Kamil's early release. He had apparently discoveredlhrough a special internal investii;ation of the De Beersdiamond $ecrion, that Kanril w4s parrly telling th-e-trurh.Evidenge was uncro\rere{ wlrictr suoh6ty-inaicatEA tnat pafrnent of a large arnount had been wrongfully withheld froin.hh. ' i-_

k Oppenheimer arranged for {5o,ooo to be paid'to$amil e"f{y as ' ll and finat setdfrent'. farnif aicJpteJ,the pay-off but was still nor satisfied. He insisted (and'still:tul* ,g{ly) that he was owed at least another d+oo,ooo.He hirgdJ<.e3n9th N7yattand the four other Britsris to *"g"a psychological war against serrior Anglo-Amedcan eri-ployees in London by sending them threatening letterysome accompanied by funeral wreaths and hearses..

.As details of this case emerged it was clear to peter Haintlgt Kenneth Wyatt was nor such an oddball after all. IfWyatt had told the trurh about his involvement *i*, I(a*iflperhaps his 'Hain double, story was also true. Fo: thaireason Peter Hain sat down and typed oirt a fivepagememorandurn in which he outlined w.hat t[(ryatt hadioldlim {oulthe plot to smear top British Liberals. The memo,Cary$ z+. fglrqary r976f wag addressed to Jeremy Thorpiand headed 'Private and Confidential'. yei H. J. van den,ts9ry-h was somehow able to hand me a copy of.this memoyithin ten days of Hain typiqg it. HJ g"o" ii to me becauseL{vas mentioned on the fifth page.':Knowing that I was a BOSS-agent and that I had been

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Rg.D, rt8n*n_i€s . 465

rc$po'dibne for,eetting up tbs,who{e N-omran Scott afrir-Mr Thor.pe passed Peter,Hainls qo€fiio oo !o,P.re4i€rHqrold'Wilson immediately. That is why in the House ofC.ornnrons on 9 March tET6L{arold Wilron stood up andannounced'thal tmassive rqxltrfg9$ of business moneylr'hdbeerr involved in the Thorpe/Scott ecandal

When the Kamil saga hit the headlines in Britdn, IL f.van den Bergh actively enouraged,&e rumours thetH4rry Oppeolieimer was to blame for the smear-plcagainst the Liberal Party. Renrerrbering thqt I hsd clt$ezubmitted seneral photographs of Mary Oppenheimet-loBOSS, HI pulled them out of his files. They showed Wlarhing ab"tit wittr Mary in tfre swimming pool at &Oppeitrelmtrs' mansion in Johaonesburg. One showod'ttrspiming water into her face. Anoth€r showd Msry ead tftpushing each other at the dge of the .pooL These phmo-graphs were ompletely innqcent, as they had been 1ekcoduring an exclusive interview I had done with Mafy id1964 But HI knew the photographs would not_tl$Fqdinnocent to members of the,British. Lib€ral Par,t5l' Ile''ffiat least one of thern seot by poet from South Africa to PeterHain in L,oltd*{ : , i'

Peter Hain was worried wheoher,eeivedthe sqspici.ouelv

thick envdope poetmarlted Johannesburg and, to be on thesafe side, in case it contairred an e:rplosive deviq' it was

thrown into a battr of cold water before being opened,' t

I do not know how much suspicion that pfrotographraised agBinst Harry, Oppenheimer in I"ondon, but itcertainly had an uno(pected sideefrect H. I' van d€n Berghtold me that, s'ithin tqro or three days of Ltrain r€eiving it,a wofiran io London had sornehow heard abput ttre photegraph, yet not from Peter Hain- The womao was DianeI-efewe, a doctor who had once lived in South Africa.

This excited HJ tremendously. For sorre reiunn he hodlong had a strong dislike of Miss Lefevre, so much so tha[,

" t"i* y""tt eirliir, when I was spying in bndon, he Md

sent me a mesqage telling'me to smear her as 'an ir$Xttworking for British intelfuenoe'. I did as I was @14end

466' lt{sloE Boss

ca-b!e4 i sr+ri: tc mi'.rie-i?:sFagq*- in So*rir afriga, ft appeprpciS.q. spla.sh^front-page stbry, under the headtini' ;ii;=;Brirish Spy?'*.

_ Th" siory disclosed that Diane,s father, Mr AlanL€lewe, was a telecommunications expeft employed in a'security sensitive position' in Britain,s ftini.r"y ,f blf"""".jT.:TT:lccp$oa was that he was atso a British agent..t' a$o drsclosed that a few days eadier Diane Lefewe-had: been arrested in paris under-the **" pi*" Cd;6;iIFrench inte$sence naa quizzed rrofuii.uouf hous aboutner conne€tion with two members of the palstine Libera-uon Organization (pLO) who had been arrested dd;i"";car rn .t'rance. A large amount of high explosives had b&nprnf.in their car. ft was intend"a O?*"i" *;d.k-";;rsrael embassy in Europe. Miss Lefevre, alias Campbell,yr p.p"ltjg from France four days later ana noril toLolctorL When her plane arrived at Heathrow airport a

fflg^{lryypj.tjcdmen h"ta-;;ri"s f,.*r*"n at bay atule $ont cloor of the plane as British Special .granch menunuggled her out of the rear e:rit.

---- --'

^,*:O:1"1:.{. ,t- {en Bgrgh why he was so fascinated byDrane Letdvre knowjng about the photograph of me aniMary oppenheimer being sent to piiur-iiairi". 'Don'r you see? , he repiied. ; ri-*""* irti.i ior"uig.rr""tr{.-Tpt"g.that photograph i" th" p"ri'U.for" Hain re-served rt. -I'hat,s almo$ certainly how Diane Lefevre cameto know about it.'

^. Rllbttrt. his_ hands together gleefirlly, HJ said he in_reno€d getung .mor-e mileage' out of Miss Lefevre.-When Kenneth $fyan ait fris fou"

"*u"*.ed carne totrial at the Old Bailey, Diane Lefewe il-**;d ,; r#limelight again. It was openly ,"ggoiJl" ;'"" A;;;;yas a British intelli.gence agentl*fo *"fu;-th;Iil;fTrytl possibly deff,erately, "it ;* ;i.;iG ;; ;d;;lerewe yas_ a .card_carrying member, of the gririshLommunrst partv.

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shock. Miss Lefevre had long been,* Johannesbvrg Sunday Ercpress,25 March 1973.

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friendly with 'Flash Fred' Kamil and during meetinge withhim in Spain hhd fed him'arlotrof information aboue &eAnglo-Americlrn Corporation and its activities in varioueparis of Africa and Britain. Even"*tanger, Diane Lefevr€iiad been a close friend of Kar,nd's wife, Dr Melanie lknil;in Cape Town several years earlier, and5 as a result of thb,friendihip, Miss Lefewe had flowrr to take up a iob ae *ldoctor in a Palestinian refugee camp somorhere in theMiddl€ East. This, she said was why she had come tosvmoathizewiththePlo. ''' I"r'" H.' f. van den Bergh summed it all up by telling mq;

'Diane Lefewe obviously infiltrated Kamil and hts grdlpion assignment for British intelligencer possibly in conoeqti,

with IJraeli intelligence. And I'm sure she was initial$'responsible for Kamil's group beitrg arrested in Britaln;' '

H, J. van den Bergh shoved his'knife into Diane l"€f€nme

or oo-" other occasiSn that I know of. When'Hf iold me

that the rwo iournalists Barrie Penrose and Roger Cotrtiour-"would be telephoning me about the Thorpe case, he'saidfi;;tfi; ;;tfr*t *t"i" information'prbving' {ret-'$i$'Lefevreln'as a British agent. I did as I was told ando &lriug'a telephone conversati6n with Barie Penrose; I'told hiqrthe fotlowing: 'If you go to the Barclays DCO branchrdirectly opposite ttre fvfinistry of Defence building inNorthumbeiland Avenue, you'll find that Diane l,efqne'has an account there. I suggest you take a peep at tlrat,

account and the regular amounts paid into it.'Two days later Barrie Penrose went to thaf bank and

inquired about Miss Lefevre's account. He was ,tsld:'Sorry. The account was closed iust two days ago'-ol theu""y auy I had told him about it. Within rro hours of ourconversation, to be precise. This means'someone bugged

the telephone of BBC man Barrie Penrose. And it certainlywas noi Boss.

Five weeks after Harold Wilson told parliament thaq

massive South African business interests were betrind t*re'

Jeremy Thorpe affair, a youth called Aldre Thorae ooa-;iua"a O" dtardian newipaper in London sayittgrthfit'he

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oorletrgrbvc that a tibcraLr*tp b.asd,in the North ofEgglmd had f€atured in a pr*vately mtde blue fiI,n, Chr;.eaidrthc MF, dressed ai a-sporffmasrer,- n a *""iUy i"tJ_fud with sevegl young.bsys. f *-Crriiia*was interestedin thc story mainly becauee-Thorne said h" had;.*il; ;rpproacft from Johap Rtrssarw" a seoorrd sectetary at theSotrh African errrbirssy in Tmiblgar Squ"""; whs wantedto obrain the blue:fikn:* Thorne took .Gwdian Deporter peter Hillnore to tlrcItmbassy. where tlrey spoke to Russouw in his office. Hilt-Tgre.dq 19t say he was a iournalist but pmended to be afriend of Thorne's. Russotrw, howeirer, urrt ro,,- to Hiif-TPrc, hgo .h^y.'f trmn,r6 ii;;;';d apJ ,b.@nversation in full It ryas cleverly done.

_Ttr119"n lo Thom€ and Hillmore a" -*t of the talkinganct, trom tn€-tape recording, it appeared that thev werE$e$siilg Russouw to ask for fr" udC nm. dd;;hl,;the rob of a puritan g{.oy-g he had nevir seen a p"riro_graphic film and would tiein6rested in seeinc rh"J;; tietwo rncn were offering him- For the benefii of the taper€mdcr Rusouw r.eJ"luoy *oprra"-irio tlli ii"il*ffinttrlflT was puqe{y personit qnd &at n**l€rthe Enr_basgynor thglouth African government were in any way oon_gcftrqd. The intqview ended with Peter Hiltmore uariri.,i"lbs w{is .a Guatdim rgporrtr and saying he was surpriseithat,an.offigrgl at^pe South African'eriU"ruy should wanito obtain a blue film.. lretoria later rcleased a carefully edi-red r.oii* of the

$negco$ing to the Sgrth African press to rprove, thaithe Gwrdian had conspired with Andre Tho4ai in a erudiattempt to frame Russouw-as a prrrchaser of pornographicmate11l, -It y*. a sucesful p,ropagnnda caripuigriwiicf,sras;widely:belieyed by ttre South African ir"$'fie whoobviously_ thought it was very strange behavio_i.rq foi a r*spected liberal newspaper like the Guardim.

One week later the British Suday prople splashed a$t:r undg the headline'I Lied Ab;ut ffrit glue Filmafiie words were .A-ndre Thorne's arrd he said hb *nofu

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about tlre bfue film was a lie. It was tirre Gumdiut'sthrt tt* whole thing had been made into a sensation.

the Guafiian really took a beating' not only from'iliel{frieans btrt from rival netnspapers in Fleq $treet'

"which spelled out very clearly'thet the Gtnrdian'std,'itgireportei Peter Hillmore had-beerr foolish enough' to tle,eompletely led up the garden peth by Andre T'lr'ortre'14youth of t'wenty *tto'to"nea out to be a'former Borstal bcry

*ittr a long listrof previous convicdons.The truIh about Andre Thorne as I heard itfromB0S$

i I was that the Guard,ian did not set Thorne up to trq |otuBRussouw, The boot was on the other foot. It was all mastcry-l

riinded by Chris vafl der Walt, a B O S S propagandist;bat&il '' I '

at the South African Embassy as its Press Aroch6. "And!6Thorne right frorn the start had len told by Russouw toapproach in" C"*ai*t and get them interested il the stryaLbut ttre blue film, not to frame the Guedian but to'ryand get a story mounted which would ernbarrass the

Liberil Party in-regard to one of.its MPs being a molester

of young children. -Andre Thornti was not instructed 1o'S$',1

thi Guirdianthat an official at the South African Errbawy''*as inte.estea in buying the film. Ttrotne had throvm thet'llttle titbit in for go-od-measure, not realizihg it would,'inthe eyes of -q Fl;et Street ioumalist, cast a cornpl*elydifferent complexion on the story.

When Thoine and Guafiian reporter Hillmore went'bthe South African Erpbassy, Russouw failed to infoql hie ' -"

superioro, believing tre couta gain kudog by hal{ting it dlhii own. Andthat was why Russouw mdde the alhimportanttape recording. He knew Peter Hillmore was a Qwrdiot[i..t.t becaise Andre Thorne had given him advance

**ttrittg of this.Th; is proof that thd South Africans set Andre Thorne

"p1o piu"i the blue film story o1 th9 Gu'atdian as, while '

Thornl was being quizzed by the Sund.ay People newspapeqr ,

a very shrevd reporter on its staff threlv-that v-e--ry- acgro*;:"

tion at hlm. Thorneperspicacity that he

w{rs so shocked by the rePolrerf*actually admitted it. But when tlre

i:47O- I!,{8IDB BOSS.

'&fidaJ, PeopIe asked. Thorne,to sign an affidavit to thateffect, he refused, obviously realizing that this would cause.bim even bigger problerns.

.,, ,'Thorne also adrnitted trater to London's Time Out,,imagazine that he had set up tJae Guard:ianfor South Africanofficials. But by that time it was widely known that Andre;T?rorne had a long list of criminal convictions and therefore,had no credibility. Soon afterwards he was jailed for threeyears for blackmail and theft cases not connected with theblue film saga.

BOSS.told me that eight months bef,'ore Thorne hadgone to the Guardiar he. bad.,made a" statement to theBritish police about the blue6lm. Thorne's horne had beensearched and, although pornographic film had been found,none of it involved a tiheral MP. Thorne was later to claim.'that his hotne had been burgled and that particular bluefilm had been stolen.

," l,At e:ractly the time of the Andre Thorne sensation,:another $trange character ernerged. This was Lieutenant-Colouel Frederick Cheesixnan, whq claimed to be a formerspy for the United States Air Force intelligence branch. Hewas first interviewed by BBC reporters BarriePenrose andRoger Courtiour. After some careful ghecking they were.satisfied Colonel Cheesffran was genuine, and they bmkehis story on the BBC's Nine O'Cloch News televisionprograntme on 18 May 1976.. It rryas a sensational scoop. Cheeseman told millions ofviewers that two years earlier he had flown to South Africato be signed up as a spy for BOSS. Vhile in BOSS head-quarters he had seen a pile offifteen dossiers on the desk ofBOSS operative Jack Kemp. The dossiers bore the namesof tqp Liberals such as Jererry Thorpe, Cyril Smith,

,Richard Wainwright, etc. He said the dossiers had'bee-n'descfibed to him as 'research profiles' which BOSS in-,t€nded to use when smearing the Liberal Party in Britainlater.

The BBC was not particularly worried when the head of\

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RED f;ERR:HGS ' .-47I

tsOSS' Gen€ral tI. l. van deo Bergh, cattd'Cheeeefnan

and tlie BBC ltar6. n"t *itftirt-t*en6-fu hours'the stoiyU"""oa-U-".L on the BBC in a vbry nast)' rv€y" ptg*lCheeesnan told the British' Doily Expess thal !9 hgd

h*xd the BBC. He said he was not a former coloilel.in.t$Arnerican Air Force intelligence branch' He had a crimif,f,L

*ora i""oiui"g fraud, bo-uncing chequee and $€nty-t\ilooffences of obtaining money by false prct€tlccs' far ltorlbeins a spy he was living on the dole and owed a ycafq

*iiorriii*dlady. No wonder the Dai$ Exptas splo*r$il , ,

A;;;t aooss it froot page under tlre massive beadlilh,',,

'C,olonel Bogus!'. \' :'-ffiil.;.f,; on*a**with it$ blue film-s-tolrrthe BrB$was exoosed to worldwide ridicule. Tbe lVashittgton Post

oia *fti" BBC had 'fallen flat m ie face'' The London

E"&g lV*r" tho"Sttt it was so hilarious that it 'askod:

Vfro'io we send dr now? Inspector Clouseau?' Only one

British newspapef, came anSrwhere lear the qu{' Tttq**the-Stmlay i;intt' which, on z4lvlay',stated: 'It ha$ Fqa sood *it fo" South Africa; especialty for the notorioss

L6K."i;;i#Ad";-"r-'s*i.r' irit""'s critics,'h*dltit"* beer-r better;.t"gJ if Boss iBelf had bccn

manipulating it.' i '--fit" truth'about Frederick Cheesecnan, fronr nry oqr"n

oo-"ri"rr"", is that he was certainly mt the \ffalter Mitty'heup-p**a." u". He definitely hadan in$lu11ce-uackgrou$d

"ii ttu was certainly recruited by BOSS. I kttow tttisb*"*" I sarr Ctreesenran sining in the waiting ryg1n gut-side H. I. van den Bergh's private officg on the $fttt 0oor

of BOS-S headquarters in Pretoria on 5 September 1974'

Cd *t" time he-was being served tea by HJ's eeaetary

Mrs Breggie de Jager.- Cheesffian was-clearly a VIP guest because ordihary

visitors to BOSS headquarters are dealt with in a group of**rff "*tt*lt

lounges in the fcryer downstairs. The follorr-'ing dav, Cheeseman had lunctr in the Janina nestsilsdt'J&" tir"gOSS treadeuarters. \X/ith him were ttry'cnrei,gll

.,{F '.Ix$I"E-'ErBe$$i, . .

$npltgr J^a!\-' Koos, _Keurp_and

piet . Swanny, Swancpoel,,the, hepd,of BOSS's Wnite Suspccrc,r"ctioo.

The reason BOSS recnrited'Ct""ieoran (and paid for,.!n gip lg Sogth africal.wil tlrat i-fr"esilan had workedfor.Zambian intelligence ia London. At one otage:he hadp-rckecl up rnt'ormation which he knew would be valuable toSouth African intdligence so he had contacted senior'SO-SS operative Alf-Bouwer, ttren wOrting ar tte Se.:s'nU*ty in Loadon under cover of being a nkt secretary,When pheeseuran gave Bouwer information about Zambiahe used the.classic infiltration technique of insisting he didnotJant payment. In this way he'gained Alf li-ouwer,sconndence. pou-w9r pa$sed Cheeseman on to Jack Kernp.Kemp recruited Qhees€man after suggesting t-o H.J. dnden Bergh that Clreeseman should t"ii eOSS to Uuifa up31ro1v9$of Bhck aguus inZtambia. HJ agreed and BOSS{ured Uheesemsn at a yearly salary of iust over {rorooo., I slso know that Cheesernan told ttre'BBC ttre tnrthwhen hs.-said he,had seen the frfteen dossiers on ropn$i$ Liberals piled on Jack Kerrp's desk. I had been inKemp's office that day; the files wdrc on his desk becausehe had recently returned from London and had called mein tg discuss the Jeremy Thorpe case.

The Tharpe dossier contairred all the reports I had sub-rnitted to BO S S back in t97t after my in-iepth interviewswith Norman-Scott. The dossier on Cyi.il Smith had nothingto do with me. I never did any research on Mr Srnith foiBOSS,1ld I do not know if nOSS, as laier allege4 wasresponsible for spreading poison-pen letters aboul him inBritain.

- Kernp also had a dossier on Liberal Mp Clernent Freud,but, again, I know nothing about the man and nevergethered information about him for BOSS.-:There was also a bulky file on the Liberal peer LordPqu1g"o, _of

r$7hitley, but during the years I spied forEOSS in London I submitted ooty two reports on LordBeaumont: once when my girl-friend Jru nuins met him ata cocktail party and anorher time when I attended a buffet

RED trERRrr.sGS . 473

;tlinner given,by the Sbuth W_*t Africa Peo$e's Organizh-tion (SWAPO) at Lord Beaumont's home in West (IeathRoad, London NW3, in Jung rgZ3.

' Jack Kenrp also had a file on Rictrard Vainwright, IvlP,although it was not a thick one. Later, in t976, it rvasalleged in Britain that BOSS had stolen a fitre on Normna,,Scott from Mr Wainwright's room.at tlre House of CorFmons. H. J. van den Bergh told me *rat BOSS had notbeen involved in this theft. I do not knowwhat BOSS hadon file about Richard Vainwright because I never sub-mitted any reports on the man, But I was responsible fdrspying on his daughter, Hilary. , , '.,i.

In early 1969 I submitted a report to BO S S stating that'Hilary tUfainwright was friendly with several mernbers of theBritish Anti-Apartheid Movement and ttrat she was activelyopposed to the South African goverRment. I received thefollowing message from BOSS files in Pretoria:

'Wainwright, Hilary. V'hite female student involved inthe "Free Dave Kitson" campaign and a four day,

march by studenls to climax in a mass rally at Trafalggc,Square on z6l5lt969 organised by the Ruskin CollegeKitson Committee.'*

\Tithin days of the mass rally in Trafalgar Square,Pretoria sent Hilary Wainwright a'keep-out' letter statingshe would not be welcome as a visitor to South Africa. Onreceiving the letter Miss Vainwright told iournalists she

could not understand why she had been'singled out'byBOSS. Now she knows why.

The weird happenings in London involving Peter Hain,Flash Fred Kamil, Andre Thorne, Colonel Cheeseman andothers all combined to increase Fleet Street's interest in the

Jeremy Thorpe scandal. This in turn caused massive head-

* David Ian Kitson, born in r9r9, a mechanical engineer, was aresearch fellow at Ruskin College in 1958. He returned to SogtlrAfrica in 1959, and h t964 was convicted of being a memle1 9f $eANC's sabotage wing, 'Spear of the Nation'.. He was jaded fortwenty years; rElease date December 1984. No remission-

ait. l:.t :. :474. lNSls.E..BOSg

, : lies iF'the Sotrth African-prgixs'i8nd a'oilristafit mcrnbtr'ofrny,:hvolvement. By May rg76lH. f. van den Bergh had'decidedrthat all this publ{idtybeant th4 my days of being:i*py ia'ttre field were o,ver. Iie said I should resign from the

.: rf,o[rgnnesburg Suday E4nese take a *rree-month holiday,paid for by BOSS, ailrd tlreo ioin the staffof a nen' Engtish-

. langpage netrspaper whictr Was ito be launched in Sou*r'., iAfiicain septeirrber., , '

The nune ofth€ paper was The Ahisen.I was to be giveneditor status, with the title'Contributing Editor.', a massiveincrearc in salary, a free car and a rgving oomrnission which.fieant I could go where I Uked dnd write wtrst I liked. My,ftib? Top-level propagQr,@.':: 'r

35 . 'THE CITIZEN'

:' Being exposed as a BOSS agent in tlre fererry Thor.pg/Norman Scott affair did not put an end to rry spying activi-ties in the field, as H, J. van dett Bergh had expeqted'' bqt: increased them. On ioining The Chizen I was co4gtapql;J

approached by people offerrng me fascinating tip-offs fo1.,awide variety of reasons. Vhen people know you_ a{e- a-"Wthey wmt to know you.And use you - usually to knife theirenemies.

. Tt; was another advantage. In the past, police "F*fhad called for tea when I went to interview them at head-q""tt"*. N"*r'th.y ,"ttt the Black tea boy to go across thLg

road and buy a cake as well. The days of rushing rognfl'looking for stories wai a thing of the past. I hardly had totrgave my desk as BOSS and the Information Departnentp*itiuqty deluged me w-ittr high-grade news -,ali with a

propaganda slant, of course.

' - I c6dd write a book about the outlandish propaganda

stories published n The Citizen during the *rirty-ttuomonths i worked on its staff. I wa$ Pretoria's number oqphatctletman; a character assassin. These are n9t my 099c11F-

tionsl it's what my victims, and other iournalists, said. No1that I had to write lies all the time when BOSS instructedme to smash or smeElr anyone. The unscrupulous iournSlistdoes not have to write deliberate lies. He can pervert thetruth by concentrating on the negative and diminishing thepositive. In America they call it advocacy iournalism; inbritain, selective reporting. But it can also be called lying byomirrio". If you have a pJittt to make, you choose andtailqrthe cloth to fit. Theret ito trtott"ge oimaterial. Seercblofie'and hard enough and there's nearly alwaysa skeletooip tlefarnily cupboarl. Ifthe target is a pillar of respectalility yg,u

,".r!;'

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;1 1:iil

i

l,

'i;.;: i^

liilrl

476 . ii.isiDE tsoss

€aii atways esrbarrass frim tf'gnninUing the behaviour ofhis wife, drildren or relatives.

There was another fabulous advantage for me working onTlw Citizen. The newspaper started under the editorship of

, lllr Martin Spring, a foimer findnciat iournalist who.hadIopg been a propaganda front man for the InformationDepartment. But within a fortnight trc was turfed out and a.Aery editor installed'in his place. It w4s my former editor on'the $mdajt'Eqtress, Mr M. A. 'Johnny'Johnson.

\trilewasted no'time in reactivatingthe old friendship with. Prerrrier John Vorsten and that greedy frontpdge was-never

enrpty. Our first big propaguida stunt was the story ofDimitri Tsafendas. He'was the parliamentary messengerwho. in September rg66:had stabbed the South AfricanPrernier Dr Hendrik Verwoerd to death in full view of theHouse of Ass€Nnbly. Tsafendas, the son of a Greek engmeerand a Coloured woman, is now aged sixty-two. After beingdiclared insane at his trial he was trarrsferted to Death Row'iii' ketoria's ma:rirmm' seorrity Cintral Prison, where heStill sits"today.

Tsafendas is not a prisoner in the ordinary sense of theword. His case standgnormal prison logic on its fiead. Hebas never been convicted of any ofence and is not serrring a$fnte{r€, }.Ie ts hild a'S a State irresident's patient until su?htimd as the balance of his mind is restored. Yer he receivesino meattrient for this to be achieved, and he spends r*e"ty-,$rpe hours of wery aay in total *liqy;;"finement. In the'unlikely event that his insanity is crred the,south Africangovernment has let it be widely known that Tsafendas willthen be tried for murdering Verwoerd.- a crime he iS quiteclearly grdlty of- and will6e hanged by the neck until ire isdead. So he's better off sraying insane.

.' . Undet the Eouth African Prisons Acr Tsafindas isr'ilhssified as a'potentially dangerous criminal'who must beftept under maximum sectrrity conditions. His prison filedescribes him as 'Coloured Prisoner A5o78, an entremely'itsour,ce{ul and annning individuat wlio'is mentally aniphpically capable of schenring and effecting an escape.,

#i''s:i;'i!,'":,

*rffimqry*ti'4*aa'-'"Tnl:' I

-TI{E r:ITIZF.N' . n1'l_i i

i ', For,that reamn he is held in thc.inmt,dgedy.glrsfddsection df any prison on the South African nrainlandSecqritJ' iS so fanatically rigidon Death Row that Tsafimdsswould have to unlock eight htrye stcel doors before ierblliagr'the massive perimeter wall ovedookd by watchtowew g06-taining armed guards. And norprimn official, not cJ/efrtfue' '

commanding officer, is allowed to have thekeys to rnore,tb&'ltwo doors in his possession at any one time.

lauhched,Se British Obsaver published a rna$sive €!it'i1i$'.:,.,,.'of conditions in Pretoriars Ceritral Jail UaseA; 'dr.,*tb':'': ,, i1

orperiences ttretb of Mr Brian Prie, a B'riton whp hadbd*ii:l;:piiea for drug$ offences. Headlined lHorror In Black ltilil -- '\Fhite'. the article disclosed the pathetic life-style of DimitriTsafendas and how qrarders ill-CIeated him. .

r '; rrr :.'

, f was called in by H. J. van den Bergh and ordered tsmount a big denialof the Obseruer story. And so that I could .

do this convincingly I was allowed to enter Death Ro'rp gs*' "ijrtalk tb Tsafendas. It was another milestone in rny B0$'$il,'i,,:,caieer. No other reporter had evef b€en allowed ido OeeS' .

Roq'; it was the very first time any ioumatist had b€€aallowed to interviern Tsafendas, and the first time a-f€sb' i

,rnan had photographed hirn I was given perrnission to takeany pictures'I liked, touf the whole iail'and talk to. l

Tsafendas, in his cell, in a ourtyard and also in the ctm-. '-mandant's office for three hours.

Tsafendas denied the Observerstory, of counse. Althoilift. ''

certified, he's not that mad. In fact I found hiin to:beremarkably astute, charming and wen witty, Sfl*lingknowingly at the commanding officer of Pretoria jailr'BrigadiirGerrie Visser, Tsafendas told me the wardss hadbeen 'outstandingly decent' towards him. He knew whichside his prison cob was buttered.

As I walked round the prison with Tsafendas at one stagc.I was able to whisper a couple of guestions when the pdqlofficials were just out of earshot.

'Don't kid me that the warders have alwap bceridecfrrt towards you. The Obsqter claims one dsslrutrted

In August 1976, just before The Citizen neqrsplpEr wbir : i,1 .,1

4?8 . INSIDE BOSS

IoU, and,&rother spat in your food and ui.ina-tEd,in iq, ISaid'..,;. . ': : , I

Tsafendas whispered back: 'You are obviously here to doa deniatr for the new government newspaper The Citizen, so-what's

that question supposed to mean?,':' HGls no'fool, so I was,honest with him. nI can't write a

eompletely onE-eldeit story saying what a bed of roses youhave in jail. I've got ro put a few imall niggles in to urake itlook, credible.', .dftertaking photographs of Tsafendas in the high-walled

courtyard (where he was allowed one hour of eirercise eachday ifhe had betraved) we uooped back to Brigadier Visser'soffice for tea and a cosy chat with Visser and Major-GeneralJaanie Roux, the Dedfty Corytmissiont ofprmnr, who sattn as witnesss. At otup etqge.I:turned to Tsafendas and toldhln tl,rae if he had any 6pe of complaint whatsoever he&wdd,tsll me there and then. Tsafbndas understsod cour-plEtely. He srnlled at Brigadier Viqser.

:' :Y-es. Tl ere was one wa.rds who was always abusive andtorrnented ma One day when he preterrdedto splt in rnyuay of f*d I complained to the Brigadier. Aad: goureprimanded hirn severely, didn't you, sii?'

Caught unawares, Visser's,jary dropped in arnazement.He ggoe a frightened glance towards Deputy CommissionerJaanie Roulr and spluttered 'Shy, yes, of course. I madethat warder apologize to you, didn,t I?,

: Tsafendas was now enjoying himself greatly. ,yes, andyou alsorgave,a tongue-lashing to that other warderwhobashed me, didn't you, sir?'

.SJg{ng up t9 pour Tsafendas another cup of tea, Vissersaid'Of course, Mq Tsafendas, but you wont deny we treatyou well here, will yo-u?1

Tsafendas got thC message. He hadn't been called Misterfor ten years and he didn't want to risk being given a goodhi{i1S q{tb1 | had left. So he stopped his cuniiilg noorilr".

It's all sickening to look back at now, but at dre time itr''es iust yhat I wanted. No propagandist with any senseworitrd write an article totally glorifying conditions in prison.

'i:iti.:.:..!:, r

J':i'];'lr i.':"t';''

.',',"*w8!.|,|',..:

Svm in South Africa tlre,, pubtc is, not that ptrp.i4shrwdly balanffi complaints garre rne the

chence to intrude a little 'credibility' into thg gatganfilant698 inches of space The Cittzn:devoted to my stories,,sndphotographs that week.*'

V'hen The Citizen published my exchrsive interview withTsafendas in jail there was an immediate outcry. by other$outh African newspapers. They, had clatrtoured to iate,r-view Tsafendap when the Obsqver story had appqgred;',$owhy should I have been the only reporter allowed to see,him? The question was even raised in the South Africa[parliament by Progressive MP.Mrs Helen Swr4{r.rf&rg:',Minister of Justice, Ivlr Jimrny Krqger, wriggled otrt of itby saying he had taken the decisisn to give me tlrer6pp6p.But fair's fair. He could hardly have admitted that I was aBOSS agent sent in,to smearthe Obseroer repor,t, coutdtls?

The South African government's propaganda machinernade sure my Tsafendas.story reached a wide audienm.,Itwas sgnt ,to newspap€rs in several countric; aad,l i

rnagazine in Holland, lhe Niaxpe Reurt w&',imid.r,f*eCitizm a substantial sum for permissi,on to reprint mystories and photographs of TsafEsrdas over six pages in imissue of 17 Decernber. Two days later BO.SS roped iniitssecret British propaganda front, the Club of Ten, by,gettihgJudge Gerald Sparrow to mount a massive {7,ooo advertise'-ment in a British paper knocking the Obseroer's originalstory as being 'wholly inaccurate and sensationalist', anddemanding a retraction.

But the Obssruq w€ls not cowed by these bully-boytactics. Being satisfied that its allqgations of ill=$safineft 1nPretorials Central Prison were basically correct it stood itsground. Then Pretoria tried a different tack. Why didn't rheObsenter publish my stories and photographs of Tsafendasand his life in iail? This would be given to thern as a parcel,completely without charge. It was a shrewd sftnt but theObserper did not fall for it. Their foreign editor, Brll,

* Starting on zo October 1976 and headlined 'Why I KilledVerw.@rd', l

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48c - rl.lsrcE Boss

,Mi[inshipr, replied (I don-t,*hin] we would us,e,a rstoily

IBesc#ed to, u,s in this way fum, a iournalist we know to be,cu@geted $tith BOSS.'. ,, ' ,;

;,,tfftg.g6r*n went, one,.better in its leader columns on:r9,December. Under the heading 'Pretoria Fropaganda'. it,irqsed ttri$ questioa: f,If ,ttre Sotith Africans are so keen tolet the world knorr they have. nothing to hide in *reir:msntryr why'do they persisteotly rcfi$e entry vieas to ouf,rcporters?'

Not dl my propaganda snrnts for BOSS wene so relevmt:,"S.t{re ouaide world. Even little paple inside South Africarwge ,harrmered if they.got':tao,,cheeky. It rg77 a Whiteweight-lifter.and gnqefum proprietor named Jannie'Beqge wa^f,capgftib g be4foq'rtl with a Black photographicmodgl.dkA iBubbhs',lvtpoodo. The couple were gpnuinelym::@,md had ben living togeth€r swetly for sever.alrl@drs. When ttrey we dlargsd under the Immorality:g$q"Jarnie took the mickey out of,apartheid by publiclyenbousdng therp was no,tlring wro[& in his viewr alout,bcing. in tove with a Blad< girl.

,

'If you love someone you don't stop loving theirr because.some snrpid law says you should.,The"hsarr is eolour-blind,trt's gly;all ,brain that tglls you to stop loving somFo* tecarue their ekin is dark browq or Black.';,, , His wnnrer-rts gained massive publicity, as Jannie Beetgesnas sn Afrikaner who zupported the government in everyway except on the ruUli"t of apirtheid. Newspaperssplashed pictures of thecouple all over *reir pages becausethere was yet another glaring contradiction. Jannie Beetgewas incredibly ugly to look at and his Siil-fri€Nld Bubblesuas b€autiful, Ever the iokerJqnie *rcn teased the life out.of ,a.parthgid by:holding e pre$ conferencr at whicli he

,r.dbctosed his intention to marry Bubbles: This really was

. fenstional. It's illegal for a Vhite to marry a Black in South:,Africa. But craffy Jannte had found a way round that.

nl'm- going to marry Bubbles under Islamic law in a

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. lirr:r ^

I1ltrir'ifirii

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fohannesburg mosque,'and gly lasyers say there's ab,soluelynothing to prevent me frorn doin$ thet ''

Fearftl that this might encrlurage other people'to Copythe idea and ridicule apartheid wen furthet, ,&e racialpuritans in Pretoria scrabbled through their law bookshoping to find some way of blocking such a marriage.''Sut- ',.

prisingly, they couldn't. But one bright spark in goverirm-ent

service stood up after doing his homework, qnd said lAlmarriage under Islamic traw may be permissible but' interms of the Immorality Act, such a married couple wouldstilt be guilty of an offence if they slept together.l ,, '

,

Jannie Beetge reacted: 'All right then. I will ontry $ledF,:':,:with my wife across the border in Swaziland ot 1rtu4[g',41:','r] ,

weekends. Put that up your racial pipe and smoke it.r I "-Countering that, an ofrcial in the Depar,trnent of the

Interior telephoned Jannie polite$ and said '\ffe will netallow Miss Mpondo to leave the country, so I'm afraid those

.

weekend trips are off'Then they sent rne to maul Jannie, I found him a,lovable ' ',

character of innnite jest: a rnan who worrld haw.aoomcd.'to: "'

stardom as a comedian in Britain beca-use his slsp:of ''humour was zany. He kept me in stitches for the best partof an how but that did not stop me writing a nastysend-gpstory suggesting his main motive vlas to make money by '

getdng publicity for his gymnasium.* '

It was the beginning of the end for Jannie; other pral' -

goverirment newspapers started srhearing him and he wasdedared an outcak Ly nearly all his Afrll<aner friends andrelatives. Business at his huge gyrnnasium slumpedl andwhen he faced bankruptry Bubbles talked about leavinghim. It was the last straw for the beleaguered Jannie. Hismind cracked under the strain and late one night as he layin bed with Bubbles,he shbt her dead and then blew his..

brains out.' * ::'i

* The Citizen, T April r97n headlined 'Joker lannietseyo:Itrii

' .1:,..1.t7

''' 'i l".ir'l&_ ..,_!.tttii,

'i': i::.:\i!liti

Altfrotqgh ttrc South African gwenrmcnt rcpeatedly claimsit is aGod-fearing arrd truly,ehri$ian body of mcn it neverffie its'purrches if a .u.endy priest'steps-out of line. Onesidt magof Godwasthe CefuXic Bishop Donal Lamont,who,. after being deporteti.from.nfroAbia in ry77 forrefircing to play inforrner-:against Blacks, appearld,on,sarious American radio ahd relevision prbgr#rmes. Hesto6d up and condernned .the fustitutional viotence of Ian:.'Enrith's racist regime' and said he didn't like the SouthAfrican regime either..,- It IE decided that Bishop Larnont should be aught alitde lesson, so a lerter which he had,written- eleven learsearlier was leaked to me., tsishopr Lamont had sent ii to afriend in South Afri,cs who always teased him about hisIrish background; Tbe friend said rhat being an .Irish'rebel'his s5qpatliies,should naturally be on ttre side: of Ian

r ,$inftlirs rtbel goverriment. And that is why, in his lettqdated February 1966, Bishop Lamont had iokingly ended'his,,letter with the words 'Up The IRA'. I turned this$sinst !i* Uy writing a slashing attack srating: .akhorthBishop Lamont claimed to den6unce acts of

-violen"" ddterrorist activity, he has long been a supporter of the IriehRepu-blican Army.' This, I poinred out in rrry story, was theman of fu who wae then being f6ted by religious bodies inthe United States, a man who had been noriinated for ttrir9Z Nobel Peace Prize and a rnan whci was rubbing

'dhouldgrs with President Jimmy Carrcr. The headline foimy $torywas: 'Bishop Lamont Branded As A Hypocrite'.*_South Africa's government supporters loved it ana nisnopLamont could hardly answer rhe uniust srnear by e:rplaininethat his mention of the IRA was just a joke, so trl ignorea itl.Ano*rer victim was Mr Donald Voods, the editor of the.$.9ut! African newspaper Daily Dispatch. A campaigningliSeral who was a constant thorn in pretoria's side, O6nati\Vsods was a close friend of *^" gh"k io"r"io*"os leaderStwe Biko and often wrote abour this dynamic young Black.

* The Citizen,3o September 1977.

'TEIB cttrzpx'.. 4$r

St$'bad an qg(glcnrdon.for rhl$ ?hcJr,told hp &at SttrVoods Wss,e. secf,et CIA agent'whose'aqsigwneot eAs,:tobuild SrEve Bikoup as afuturbBbckleader. ifyou*athge

,:: the South African governmetrt and they qrrutot smcaf,ym!r, 86 I Communist, they ap'ply thg CIA tabel.a Uornmumst, they ap'ply tlre cIA label. . ,. .' -'.r 'ir .1

Pretbria put a stop to Donald .Woods.by,slappilg,glibanning order on him. That meant he could no longerwriteanything for publication. When Donald understandably

' fled from South Africa to tesotho in Janrury.r978; BOSGtold me to grab rry passport, chase after him and find grt :,

who had helped him to escape. I failed in that aseignmcrSrBut while talking to meDonald Woods admined ttrat soaeliberal Soutb African newspapenr had rather olcs.,drarnatized his escape by saying he had divcd into a ragfuryriver and then swam across it to freedwr in Lcsotho.

Donald told me: 'rVell, I didn't actually swim- It wasmore of a paddle. I threw my shoes and socks across to tlrc ,

far bank and then waded afts them. I hardly got my anktes.wet.t ;.. r,:.,i.]i,:

caused her pure tVhite skin to slowly turn a blotchy ligts. brown, In other countries this would not have mattcred, but

I saw this as a good knockdorrn of ihe .bigbtave Dona!{-V6odsr escape stories being pubtished Uy *te UU,erat'presoand cabled it at once to The Chizenr which splashed.ttacross page one.*

BOSS loved it and even flashed it to the South Africaninfonnation attach6, Carl Noffke, in the United States. Hewent on arAmerican television show and uied to denigmteDonald Woods.by constantly repeating: 'He said he swarnacross a raging river but he di&r't, he only paddled acrm,l..But Woods had tricked us all. He really escaped disguisedas a priest and was driven through a border pmt.

I

Mrs Rita Hoefling was a well-educated ctrltured wornan ofGerman descent. Aged forty-four, she was a voluntary.,

. hospital worker in Cape Town. In January 1978 she ma&world headlines because an inoperable brain tumour had

* 3 January 1978, headlined 'Ifoods Drama,.

in Souttr Africa it made her life he[; Neighbours staf,tedsnlgging and saying she wae a Coloured woman :playingWlriter so that she could lirre in a \fihite area. Conductorson \ffhite buses threw her off thinking she was a Black.,: An international news ag€ncy picked up the story and

flashed it to dre rorooo ner[spapers and radio stations itsefficed in too countries. Pretoria was furious and called mein to'give Mrs Hoefling a hiding when she blamed herpredicament on the 'ridiculous'South African race laws'.' It was not an easy task smearing Mrs Hoefling, as her skin

ptoblem had obviously created widespread sympathy forher. But two main factors were in myfavour. Mrs Hoeflingwas so sick ofbeing pestered by the press that she had takena cricket bat to'a Gers,mn television team when it cameknocking'at,ber door. She had whacked thern across theirbecks as th€l' fi€d down her garden path. This vras soine-&ing to be highlighted. The other thing was that MrsHoefling was not used to dealing with iournalists wholvsnted cold hard facts. Vhen her story first broke shereceived telephone calls from newspapers all over theworld and said *ris had deprived her ofsleep for three days,She .told one journalist: 'In one two-hour peiod I receivedno less than ninety-one calls.' This gave me the eKcuse toglount a thirty-six-inch-deep story attacking her in whi& I$ated that she was 'a neuf,oticr.trysterical woman who isprone to o<aggeration'.*, ir it is even more surprising when you know that I nevefinterviewed or spoke to *re unfortunate Mrs Rita Hoefling.

It was the same when anyone wf,ote a book,attacking SouthAfrica, its government or the policy of apartheid. Pretoriawould tell me to scrutinize the book carefuIly and find ah

-e'Fctrse to give it a pasting. There are so many ways alatcherrnan can attack a book.

;, ' If the author had written anything unkind or controversialSbort anyone I telepho4ed thenr and got them to call him aligr. trfthe author had used unassailable facts I attacked his

* Tltc Citizen, ro March 1978.

, . , ',.. ,

t ,

:" . ,.'

'TnE cmlron'" 486,

glaffiiar to'suggest he was:wsducated and therefore ahofiow vessel mqking abl€ noi,se,, ff I couldn't smash hisfacts or grammar and he w.as'ohviously telling the trutllt''Iapplied adiectival distortion,,nrisleading reasoning, or tri*verbals such as 'The author ha*omitted vital backgrcunidinformation giving the other point of view,' Or'ThEbdcik,contains misconceptions and deliberate over-simplificationsaimed at beguiling the reader.' :

If the author used damaging statistics to pro\re his case

convincingly I pulled out the old ctichd that statistics can'be,made to lie. If he had used vulgar swear words or deScribbdsexual intercourse I sald the book was pornographic,xidt:

. should quibkly be banned by Pretoria. If the book $ras"

written in a racy style I called him a crude person of die*'gustingly bad taste. If the book was neither vulgar, selql norracy then it was stodgy and heavy to plough through.

If the book was written in a sensitive vgin I could labelthe author as one of those sickly humanitarians. If he took areaeonable $ance on Rupsia, Cuba or any of t[e fuerrCurtain countries he was a crypto-Communist. That m€ant:"''FIe's a Communist but I can't prove it.'Any oppo.nent ofapartheid who was obviously not a Comrnunist colrld betagged'a Communist dupe'.

If all else failed there was always one surefire methodof attack: mistakes. Every book contains at least one ertor'whether of fact or iudgement. It could be the author's fauhor one of those gremlins in the printing works. There isht awriter or iournalist in the world who has nQt sufferedgrernlinitis. The best 'blue' of my care-er was when tr,w*oteabout a \fhite woman being raped by a Black man u$der a'blue gum tree. The gremlini changed it to t a blue burn tee'.If I found mistakes in a book I highlighted them to showthat the author was sloppy and could not be trusted to givean. accurate picnrre.

'Not all the propaganda stories I wrote were hit iobs,,If,.anyone said anything eomplimentary about ttre So{tliAfrican government B O S S would instruct me to"givo thdc't

' ttre VlPtreatrnent, interview thern in depth aud'ttrm write

{rfisrpB go$s

', a'glwi,aewunt,of tlreur and their views. 5oa6 s :one ulas::

6fo411,E*e Cocke, one of, "taerica's.lmost decorated

soldiwr IIe visited South A{i'ica,in'Septernber 1978 to see

ftlr,hiririself and.liked what he *aw.A neighbour of President.'&rruiin south'west Georgia,'he said Mr Carter would iake

a different political stand on the subiect of South Africa:ifhe would only listen to Ameriears.big busin€ss comrnunity-

'They are better informed on South Africa than he is and

**ey. wo.utd definitely tell him to increase im'estment with'..ygr instead of threatening to curtail it.'r

-,,,Forthdt nice little quote I garrc him serrcnty"oix ibches of

" ptne adulation in Tlu Cidda ode6r8eptember- '-l People who were frieqdly tor-alds South Africa gme

fffin all over the world' Some were top personalities fromGermany. It is quirc surprising how many Germans speak

scathinsiy of Hitler's Nazi regime yet are fulIof adrrriratiinfor $otrih 'tti.". Like the Freadt, they hotd up their handg

in horror when it is suggested they are selling arms'qnmuriitisn and ottrer military hardware to the uphol'decs

ot apa*neld. Yet the truth is that Pretoria car get alno$tanyitiiae it wants from thooe countries as lgnc as the Wgds

"ti s,tpptiea through secret front men in differelrt countries.

ftonina too, alihough it professes'to abhor sparttrcid,feels anstural bond with the Afrikaner because of his Durchtin*"e. Anvone who doubts this should know tha.t several

t*'io"t""tlsts in Holland openty support South Africa*tr**o possible. Pretoria has an unusual 4y * lhfrospo J. Ego, editor of the Dutch magazine S'z-'Vast -"ii*:.I"t

t""":"sl Mr Ego considers himself to be a Dutctrliberaf who is happily married to a Coloured woman fronIndonesia. Yet after Mr Ego had vlsi-ted Soutlr' Africa on a

Ocsweek fast-finding missiorr in r9ff, BOSS rcld me totst€phone him at his ofrce in The Ha8u9: I did"so and got

rteiie a shock. He had not been impressed by South Africa's

hbsal ptogtgssive Party. He had visited the Black township

# So*"to-*t a came away so impressed that he had gone

honre and wriften a rernarkably fair t*'o-page Gature article

"Uont it He had investigated South African prison ondi-

ffi,tiq-nsanilhadbenmorethanl ed,to&eeoifitwh,ere,in yet.anodrei: lerge feature a$de, he had written &g't theSouth Af:ican Prisons Deparprrct deserrred'a c.tttn laudel.I coultl not believe my ears. If he h*d seen any'area,ctfSoweto outside Dube Village, or if tre had seen insidemyprison apart from the modern showpiece iail at I-eeuwkop--and had come away impressed - then he'must have bpenwearing heavily'ros+tinted spectacle sqplid by,'unoptician frcming for BOSS.

Being a spy makes a man devious and ultra-sulpiclmt$,It's only mtural. If you are not atways on the alert forpo*sible traps you soon get caught out. But being sr:spiciunyou often see trirps that arc not really there, You stut lgok;t'ing for doubles and even double doubles, and after a'fe*years you almost become paranoid.-

If, is BOSS had told me, Mr Prosper I. Ego realty wrea Dutch Ubsal, what on earthwere the right-wingers like :

in Holland? No; it was impossibte. B O S S must hsve m{&,,'ljrila *state. On *re other tranO, it might be an elabmxe tr-{lt;-rlr;ilaid by Mr Ego'to make us look.fools. Perhaps hdihad'nofr -''wrinel ttrose-flattering articles about Soudr Africe at all. -

And so, to protect my back - and the balanceof my rnind;I telephoned Mr Ego again and asked him to send me qies ,

ofhiJarticles. ge aia. Itwas true. Onlythendid I'write irryro :t

massive feature articles praising Mr Ego.* But ttre man stillbaffies me. ' '' . .'

In March rgTT thechairman of the United Nations Cun-mittee Against Apartheid iszued a shock statement alegingdrat between 8,ooo and 9,ooo meritally ill Blac*s weretr€ingbadly treated and detained against ttreii *il-l in privacelyo*tr"d South African institutions whidrwere subsidized bythe SouthAfrican goverrun€nt. The SouthAfrican Ministetof Health, Dr Schalk van der Merwe, attacked the UN state'ment saying that the facts in it, which had been compiled bymembers of the Churdr of Scientology, we'ie not acctl$lg

* The Citizen, S October 1977, headlined 'The Vorld Is TelfingLies About South Africa's Prison System' (Says flutch Jowt$list),and 15 October 1977, headlined 'A \Triter Who Belicves Ia Fair Fley':

;!i.'t,,:i,

4{" rxgtlln Bg$$

B,OSS hadconrehow obtained adv'Arrce knowledge about

the UN statement because, three,moRths earlitr'.ryIy BOSSild# il.iottun.tuurg, w. P. Le-Roux, had instruaed

"illil**i,t an investigation igto the activitiep of Scien-

ft*irtt in South Africa. BOS$ told me that the prime

t*;At" my probe should be a yopng Elsllshmalnaned

,Nifef fa*irfuho worked as the public relations officer fo1

OFbfr"t"ft of Scientology in JohannelFutg' I discovered

tftm.tnt Tasker was also connected with a grqup known as

G::S*i".y for Safety in Mental Healing' and that this

gro,rp *"t u ftottt organization for the Chtlrch" of Scien-

,tology.; f iiitt have a copy of the fiv6-pqge report I submitted to

BOSS on Nigel t-asker:and ell the s,ecre-t- documentationgOSS g"u" ri" in connectiog with the Church of Scien-

tfogy. Soon after I sr.rbmitted ryy repo{ 10 BOSS, Nigel

io[l,t"u"p*ed in court on a charge of dealing in drugs'

f kn"* ifwas a grossly unfair'charge which had been,set up

lr-noSS, butl stif wrote a smear story on the subject'*."B,ri

somewhere along the line I apparently made a mis;

tule -b""urrt" Nigel Tasker, during a telephone call-bugged

by BOSS, told one of his friends that lre knew l.wcs a

ilOSS ug*t and had been set up to m9nit94 his activities'

..+" it fruip.otd, Mr Tasker was acquitted on the drugs

Jt *"" "d,i

g o d S told me they intended kicking him out ofSoutl Africa. I do not know if this was done' I never saw

Nigel Tasker again,: '-ttre South African goverrrment's greatest friend in the

British public sphere is Mr Stuart \[/eaving- a -tough

?orrcniri-Uorn millionaire who made his fornrne- bq tuq&ine the Pennine Group, a vast te>rtile empire which is the

*tlJilinnot of its U"a i" the United Kingdom' I always

"*r.a"t'Stuart Veaving as' apart from being a fellow

*oircnir"-"tt, he had made it the hard way - starting his

'-career as a piumber's apprentice at the age of fourteen' He:divately dit"gtgo with apartheid, but I doubt if he would

*TheQitizen,glunergTl,headlined'scientologyLeader'BailedOo Dagga Charge'.

'- ,rr.'1;rl

'?FE crtrtzBN' .4$,-ereradrnit it publicly, b€cds he'e e cloee fr,iend of, tohn,:Vorster and b€n itooer'iot&erformer Soulh,,A&imAmbassador in London, Dr Carel de Wet.

Friendship means a lot to Sslsrt Weaving and he cant-{et his friends dovm. He is the'fot$rder and ctrairsraa'ofFriends'of the Springbok, an ofgeriizarion which nun*iqre ':

roo,o@ mernbers in ten countries. He is slso the,-cltairmsp :

of the Veaving International Friendstrip Foundation; whichhas almost tralf a rnittion members in Britain, South Africa'Ausrralia,,New 7&lolord and Canada. Obviously, fri€ndShipis big birsiness to him: if yorr belong to his various gr.stpgtre arrangss reduced fares for you bet'weerr South Africaad"Britain From 1968 to 1976 sorne rcopoo of his mbqrs'took advantage of this ofrgr. To erygp$t what this rn€ssinterms of cash flow, more than {zo million has beeo goo€r'ated in air fares alone. Mr Weaving nanrnally takds & mmission on the flighre he has arranged. I '

Mr \treavingis clubs tlrroughout Britain hold regds ,;meetings where SouthAfrican afairs are discttssed ahdqln&,'are sho:q/n. $onrc of tlrese films have bcen sr,rpplid'!y"&,1''South Afriqan Oeeartment of Inform*ion- Ifrs Frierd;'of :

the Springbok a*ciation brin$ out an expensircly pre .

duced'gtossv maggzioe whictr is given to members frec ofcfrarge; One copy I saw contained fifteen photographs whichhad 6een previously published in the South African Infor-nation Departrrent's propaganda journal South AfricuDigest. Anoth€r @py I have on file shorvs Mr Weovipg 'presenting a gold satue of a Springbokto Mr John Vorstprwtren he was South Africa's Premies

It would not be fair to $tn@ Snrart Sfeavilg as 4 sffitSouth African propagandist. There's no secrst abotrt. his :

love of South Africa. It's tlrcre for all those with eyes to see.

Mr Veaving has never been given a hard time by anti-South African demonstrators in Britain. They can't go

ctranting slogans qgainst him' He's sb rictr he has hed'tp :.i

;"d;fit;; t* &il",living in a beautilirl vilh'u,J@g5i,' r'

Channel ISlands. . ,,_:..,r;:.;..,.i,r :

f first became aware of Pretoria's love for SEusl Wa*aS

.;il..i|i. ii,,'.';4S : IN$IP&'Bq88

id rozo when thev asked me'to rrit-ea $or$ sbout trim forilii"#ffi";*";;ri;;.-ni n'a taunitred I q"Pp?"t

Tb;-a;ti;;b;k Cricketirs rnonery'raising appeal in Britain';;;-;Jiti p"r"t Hain's attenrpts to get the springbokffi;i"""*;s tour of Britain caoiaua Mr weaving' w-ho

ffiacltJ; the editor of Vetsh &tsW, a monthly magezine

;;H"hJ in Wales, told me he was teriibly upset by Peter

ii"i";; d*t;nstrations against the Springbok rugtyteam'si*t of gtitin' and he ianted to make sure Hain did not

;;; i" hfprro ,o stop the South African sricket topr'*---Wftif"

I *asiorking oi fU Citizenin early 1978' Stuart

ud;fi;n; to Johfrnesburs !9 lauqch.qnottrcr ki:rd ofa;ltpaift. li *"t very clwer. Hc placed aborit {8o'ooo*otitt o?.au"ttit.nr.tttt itt South Airican newspapert]"$.ti*C 'So*" Of Yirur Closet Friends Are Being Brain-

**t*ai. frc adverts told South African readers that their

iffid- *a t futiuo in the United Kingdom were being

,Ut"itt**ft"a bv British new$papers into believing that

,iloil Afrl"; wis a terrible ptace. Stuart Weaving prornised

;;;;; that if South Africans pent him the names a1ld

;dr6ses of "U

.tt.it relatives and friends in Britain' He

;;;;i;"-;ffi.* ;;;;;; ri;";;Gship orhis Frtenisoftrti Spti"gbok association and letrthera attend its regular

fJ"tt*' wftt they would be told the truth about llfe inSouth Africa..-', fL!-5J"*t African public loved it and sent Mr V-eaving

'Ae "t** *a addresies of some zoo,ooo-91tlrei'^friends

.u"di"luiiu". in Britain. The clever part of all thisl of course'

';;-.hil Mr lreaving then had loo,ooQ more potential

.iL"" i""nlt special "-hutto

flights to South Africa' And'

as most of ttrosi clients were married, that figure can almost

be doubled. It's a huge amount of money in air fares' even

if-""fy .i" per cent oI ttre .clients ffew to South Africa for a

boliday then or Years later.*fl;;;-ili;;" tinv snag'

-som9 $arq-eve! south

Aftieanlreaaei noticed that Mr Weaving's advertisements

i*a "f*".tfte

same format as those published by *re South* Johannesbvg Sunday Exptess, z6 April t97o'

African govenirnent's front ptseilizdtidntlie Glrrb of Ten;,which by this time had been oposed as a front. The nrrrnurstarted spre'eding round Johannesburg that:Mr Weavrngmight also be a front rnan for Pretoria. That is wlren BOSS'called me in to write a story knocking this rurnour flat ",'

Life can be really funny. Just before I went to interviewmy old friend Stuart Veaving, his public.relations officegMr GeoffWald, came and offered me a {66 bribe if I wouldwrite a knockdown gf the rumours against MrllVeaving''It was the first and only bribe I took during my twenty.yerysas a iournalist (unless BOSS mo{rey is counted as a brbO}"iI took it because I was amusled by the irony of the situadim:r";;; ;ft*

"tl,'ai* oid ]stu"tt deaving could atrord it;,31e fl

got his money's worth. My story appeared over a page andhe was delighted.*

The rnight of B O S S propaganda lvas not always applie& to .

political matters. In April 1978 the.famous heart surgeon '

Professor Chris Barnard was gallivanting round the danee.floor of a New York night club at midnight wi*r'arr'Ex";'tremely pretty \Moman in his arms when sorne srnaf,t lens+l '

bug banged off a quick photograph and gave it to a'newsagerrcy. ihe photograph appeared in a South African nelf,'s- "

paper within hourl and was seen by Professor Bamard-'sbeautiful wife Barbara, who had been left at home because'

hi:r husband was away on 'an important business tripinvolving the Departrrrent of Information'. Barbara wd$,

livid, anf, iealous. So she telephoned hubby Chris and'rsd,him the riot act during which she threatened to pack^her

bags and go home to Mum.Chris ran to the South African Information Department

office in New York and begged them to send out a cover-up story which would save his rirarriage. But they wiselypointed out that such a move would be rather obvious. .'lvtuch

better if a'non-involved' iournalistcould bebrotrylrti ,'

into the act. Then the international wires reaUy began to* The Citizen,zT February 1978, headlined'British Tyeppq Deniee

Tie-Up With SA Government'.

.ag*. fxBrDF'Boss

burn. An Infoman in New Yorttelephoned gPTtl H:J:r*'ir." il-tgtt ai ttis ptetotia bme and asked for help' I{!iil-ffiidffi,ng"e for s€veml r€ams r$"0y" to rne and

'-frd',,,itu would fix it. Then he telgphoned me at my

office in lohannesburg.-1ihr;;;;friend iarl in America,'he said, grvrnggrethe

ountUo;Cft"it Barnard is having iealousy problecns'' -.r-i$rt""J Mr Carl Nofke who was then our resldent

b;;*td" man in Vashingon under 'coverof

being an

ilIb'ffi; counsellor at the Sou*r African Embassy there.

nti"A;* ,tiUi all lined up for Cbris Balard" his was

.:&e etorY:' l.'Poo, -Chris *"t mtalfy innoceng IIe bad iqst ha-ppengd to

p";-iJ rh; *gt" tltr9.94.u l"ry- g:-P,p--"I^b:17;"ff;; *t* "nir*r".'Mrs Elma i3n z!" 1'tto.woffdl{,SSOgfALgD w lfqr rrv

il;-rlt;d.h African Information Servigg office jn New

Vrd"'-"St-t"vin"d him to dance and, not wishingto$ rude'

,n"ln"O--o*""a her roundthe dancefloor for afewminutes'

iil"t frtno this he had left'because his day had been v€ry

'frffin'""d rt" was quite tired. Hey prlsto' ttre photograph

ffi;.f hi*"".tt" *ettt club dance floor at midnigbt hed

b*t, 't*tt."t elY misleading" - -

---i:onrot tttit in'ten minuies flat, i'st in time for our next

"aiti*t. to *rat Barbara Barnard would be able to read my

#?il"i tt* breakfast table nort morning'* Sourg

;;;;;; ;[the breaks: Later in *re dav Barbara telephorred

.;"bb;i)ttttlin N"* York and said she was sorry she'd

il;w .ff*h" handle. Lucky for him, she said' some'enter-

itlr*g;i"*"alist in fohannesburg had discovered he was

innocent.-'b;;*1 H. I.van den Bergh telephoned-me-n€Nrt day

to sa.,v Chris Barnard was eguemay grateful' If I ever

;;& " ** r.."n I shoutdnit hesitate to contaet him'

' ::"':4 T,e Citfzat, r7 April 1978, headlined 'The Truti Behind The

-'Pr'rt*tA Danae Photo'.

36 ",HOW THEY..84.NNf]D TTHE

w0 R ID'

: .. )...:ti:..:,,. . :

ln rgT6south Africa's biggest Black newspxpe\TlwYft{and it's sister paper TIu Veeh'end lVmld starte4 to pil&ilidr

6""ttt lessoni to tt"tp Black students to catch up-glt1t&ilasses theyhadmissedwhentheir schoolswereclosed durir*'the Soweto nots. The lVmtd had some agreement *-tilh"'

" iJv t-t"a the South African Commitiee for-ftidrg

Education (SACHED) and a correspondence college inJohannesburg called Turret which had cttmpiled t}rc lessoits'

The SoutliAfrican government was furious when one ofthe lessons published 6y The Wortd gave details aboqt the-,,,

nnssi"" Revolutlon. SOSS was confrnced that thisryas'ali l

a cunnihg plot to teach Soweto cbildren how to'nrdmtjtEr :-

il;Gil-Co**unist fashion. I was called in lrthe $err :

ilfi"istJr of Justice, Mr Jimmy Kruger, and told to mi*dofull investigation into SACHED and the Turret Corre'spondence

-School, which was being run ry a young Ylrhite

named Dave Adler.Mr Kruger wanted me to publish a big attack on thqm, :

lessons on ihe Russian Revoluiion which would give frim,theiercuse to move in on The lVorld and ban it. This eounded

'

like a massive,investigation, bu,t Mr Kruger totg $e n9!. toworry, as BObS had already cotnpiled all the informationI might need. I should tiaise with Piet'swanny'-Swanepoel,the head of the r07hite Suspects section of BOSS. *

Swanny was an old friend of mine. He gave rne hundreds

of officiai'BOss and Security Police documents in co:r'

nection with SACHED, Turret and The Wotld's lessa$on revolution. Among those documents were many eopiis:of confidential letters which BOSS had intercepted otstolen fusrr- The Vortd, I spent hours being b*iefbd 'by

49$ . rNsrDB Eoss-

]swanny Swanepoel, who told me that the CIAw ,as tlrerealvillain bf *re piece. Unknow4 to TheVorld, SACHED orTuret College, the CIA had sec#tly sluiced about {7o,ooothroush to SACIIED via the World University Service

flf US), which, whether it knew it or not, had be.en used as

a ClA'conduit then and on several other occasions in the

Past..- To prove his point Swanepoel showed me a copy of absnk siatement which showed that at the timb SACHEDrhad atiout.dr65,ooo on fixed deposil at Nefic Limited, FoxStreet, Johannesburg, account number z'7$8'4ot755.-,; $wanepoel'said that the money' which had come fromthe Swedish International Development Authority and theBernard Van Leer Foundation, which was a highly respected

liberal body in Holland, was 'genuine', but the CIA moneywas prrched through to South Africa pe.cause tne !ta,*anted rlhe seeds bf revolution planted in the minds of

r SowEto's Black youngsters., , BOSS had sent one of its Black agents (a teacher from'Bcphuthatswana) to attend a Sunday morning lealqingevdnt on the subiect of the Russian Rerolution at- a.Bp{dchoolroom in Evaton on 7 March rgZ6. This teach-in hadbeen arranged by Tutret Collqge and was based on a historyleeson compiled by them. There was nothing subversive

about this; it was quite legal under the terms of the schools

wllabus.'Posins as a sflrdent' the Black BOSS agent had

sicretly made a=tape recording of the learning event, whichconsisted of slidesihown on a portable screen while a taped

lesson was played through a loudspeaker system.Swanepoel let me listen to the tape made by the Black

BOSS agent. In the South African context it was politicaldvnamite] It told the young students that living conditions*er u."y bad for the masses in Russia. They worked hard

all day fot .'"ry little money, lived in hovels and died ofi*tarvation while the rich noblqnen did no work and ate

i oake. Then a marvellous man cgme-1long named Karl Marxwho was so coricerned about the plight of the workers thathe wrote a book called Das Kaphal in which he said that

.

, ltow TIIEY,,&{NNeD ''1rt[8'Wo*I;D,' 'lilgj. I

.exptoi.tod rpor&ers should,ffiite, cfeafie a.etxrotutbrt afldbring down the exploiters, who were called capitqtiftsj lllhen '

the children were told how the workers of Rrish revcltied;took control of the country:and;lntroduced a new systefircalled Communism whictr meant thet all the goods ttreyproduced were shared out equdly ,arnongst rfi" wonneni.How did the workers bring abort'this revolutionr?. Ttclrorganized amongst themselves, held strikes and morntedprotest marohes;. Many of thern were shot dorrm when.tlreyheld thene peaeful rnarches, and many were tlu,own, ill(oprison, but in the end the day was won. , '.;1.,,'ti

As I listened to the tape I realized thet this wo*,amanrcllous srory for TLu Citizat. All I had m do was rvrft#,,, ,,

sn amhle emphasizing ttre fact that the lesson ,m,dlb .,

Rueslan Revolution had clearly been devised so tftst Blfl(* l

children listening to it would immediately aseoeahthern-selves with the downtrodden peasants in Russia. Yes, tlere\pas no doubt about it. This was a deliberate stttrrpl,to 'i'lplant the seede of revolution in'thcir minds, which qdl- , ,

only cause more riots to brcak out in places like Soweto. I 1

ntrninatd on all this aloud to Srraorry Swanepoel. ',r.' ,, :: ,

"Yes, drat's the way to hand,le,the stdryr' he said. 'Bctdont make any mention of the CIA irrvolvement. Iust prrtit down to a cunning and deep-laid Comrnunist ploar i,

Fantastic. Even better. This would gpve Tlu Ciiizalt'&e ,

chance to splash such headlines as 'We Expose MassiveRed Flot. How Moscow Starts Black Riots in South AfricAKids Brainwashed at School . . .' . ,

',: .

",1;

There was only one thing BOSS wanted me todobcforeI broke the story. I must confirrn that Turrct Coltege hadissued ttre astonishing tape. Once I had done thts, mystories could be published and Justice Minister Jirnmy :

Krugerwould iump in,ban The lV*ld newspaperirndmove,against Turret College and SACHED. But it was no 9o,.. '

I inteiviewed Mr Dave Adler at Turret Coltege an& hp ,.';:

onvinced me that the tape had definitely rwt berrrr iwedby'him or his college. He took me to the proiector,xqorgdiidl.,let me watch the slides which had beenshovrri &*irfu,*1€

ji96 . *uruo{, 9,0ss .' ,,:,: , : ' ,

Sunday tnolging leaming elrcsl,at rtb€ Black $chbol inEvatori qd the entire taped uusion of that lesson was also

olavdd to me.' 'io make ab.solutely sure Mr Adler was not conning me,.tr,went to Enaton andintendewed eone'of the students who

ioO ",t*a"d

the event. The(e lras no doubt about it. The

FFe given to me by BOSS had not been played on fiatocroion.

Mystified I returned to Swanny Swanepoel's 'gffice at

BOSS headquarters in Pretoria, and the two of*us eat

trying to puzzle the whole thing out. It took an:hour; but,nnaUi wJ solved it. During our delibsations Swanepoel

,Etentioned that B O S S had ar'ranged'f,or several documents

to be stolen from Turrei:College' (I was not told whether

this was a break in .or an act of theft by someone working at

tlre collese.) Amqngst those documents had been'a tape

orrirr.. ii titt" borJa history lesson on the |ussian Revolu-.tion.'suspecting 'what had .happened, I suggested to

.$wahepoei that we should exarrrine { very 9}9eely' - ^ ^ ^&ly suspicions were confirmed. Some idiot at BOSSn"aalpartits had put the wrong label on-the cassette' Theg O Sb serial number written on the tape did not correspond

with the serial number on the report of the Black agent who

had atter,rded the leaming everlt in pvatqn' The cassette IU&Oinmy hand,was the one stolen from Turret Collegg-by

ii OS S. rt ftua been mixed up with the taf e the Blaek B O S S

gge$ had submitted: a tape which showed there was

nitni"g subversive or revolutionary about the learning event

he had attended.It was a bitter blow for us, but then Swanepoel said

'Whichever way you look at it, Turet CollgSg mlde tlatrevolutionary tdpi - the one we stole from their office' Go

*O n"a"orrt whi they cornpiled it, and whether it was ever

used in a public situation.'. Hopes iaised again, I went back to see Dave Adler at

f,urrit College. Ilopes dashed again. Adler explaine!' 'Y-es,

th*" *t tuih a history lesson compiled. on ttre Russian

Revslution, but the researcher who compiled it was over-

8OW Tt{$Y AAni$,i[.Sp',:{#ger--P1irlrffi,:,'

enthrrsiastic, to say the least. fficn I lierencd to it I threwa"fi.trrsaying it was. not only."wtional but ridiculouelydangerbus as it could incite,Blm*''$tudsflts to rebd en 'ma88e.'

After listening to the tape ldr:'Adbr had throrvn it intoa drawer in disgust and instructed csmeone to compih,amore reasonable lesson on the Russian ReYolution: one velysimilar to the discarded lesson in terms offact, but eenotivelydifferent - and quite legal.

By telling Dave Adler that I had knowledge of thu diq'' _

carded tape I blew my cover. He realized at once that I was .

a BOS S agent. He knew he was the only one to have treard,. 'r

that tape ipart from the compiler; so how on earth hed 1I ',

managed to get a transcript of, it? :

'Itt strange that the reiected tape cassett€ is missing frunour office. Do you think BOSS could have stolen it?' heasked pointedly.

B.OSS confirmed to me later that Mr Adler knew I wmone of their secret agents. They showed me a trsnscript pf '

a telephone conversation they had brrgged benn'een Mraater anC his wife Josie. I stili have'a aJiailea note of;thqtbugged conversation, during which Mr Adler made it cle+rto his wife that I was a spy. There is no doubt in my gptldthat Mr Adler and his wife will remember aod confirm thattelephone conversation, which, if BOSS had not bugged it,would be known only to them.

After listerring to Dave Adle!'s explanation about tlrsdiscarded lesson on the Russian Revolutio:r, I gave, a ftr[repoft on the subject to Swanny Swanepoel at BOSS. Hettren'submitted his whole dossier to the Ministei of Justice,Mr Jimmy Kruger, in which he clearly'pointed Qutrthemistike *hi"tt had been made. This,dossier consi$ted ofhundreds of documents, letters, transcri,ptions of tapes and

various secret reports. But, as he waded through it all,Mr Kruger made an incredible bftrnder. He presumed thSt,the misnumbered transcript of the tape stolen from TgrrptCollege was thb lesson published by The lVorld-. Mr 6{tgBqhad missed Swanny Swanqpoel's-correctiga of this.

":)

i-,,', I . :

Itwac e ghsstty mistak€ bccmse it esused JusticefrthigerK{i#6 ffi 1 ie wuW rypet, detais its'*dkgi'l{r

, ,,bffi-boUozr., Mdlaterbenriltr'Dave'Adler of the Turset

ffi;J"":"N;;i-"*r"g -u this, when the news broke that:;ilii;; tt"a uttiea The rVmtit r ir:st shrugged mv

#;fi;;a presumed that he had obtained'new evidence;

;;il;;;;;a i.-**ut'he might hawmade a bhrnder'.ii;-,i;|i f"""a out wtren Mr Kruger appeared on a,$outh

;6i;;-B;e"uttitte cotporation programme to ;e:rplain

" ilililblt. *tw t Jrt"a banned \h',e Votu3,' r, Reading o", "*JoJfrom

erticl€s published'ia Tltc

'6fi:rt, r*get m;tion"d,{ra 'certain f::SElu*i.i.r' had been pnrblished bY that nsY.:papef ,al." 1T:when riots by schoolchildren yere- stlll contmung ur

;;uto. il#k€d t'pl*v ears yhen r heard him sav dris'

;'kr&:;dcttv onJia"'*at soing !o sav' And he said it'

iiffi til ffi ; ;;;;t"d; ": co-'i'*i't documeit

". ,ililE""t"*ia 'And then this kind of ,tbi"g appeatt -' :-'iIe-ila"ooiextracts Jwn"t he claimed lr1d fpp**-d ^ {1":#il;#;"po. Ytt, you've.guessedit' He read out that

;ffity -',,,i*tp. ol *6 Russiin Revolution lesson whicft

;;;tG; p"uriun"a n The'lY'orld and whic! llridtwtbeen issued Uy furret College;'' '.: ':" ' :' I '

'"-,iu;:x"rd t a;tn *n'*ulrJrre tohannesburs. srar.ry$q, l,t"uufk ti i*ii'riii wiUfto see if it had really published

ilrri?' C[*"i"""i-document" And, of @ul€e' i!' ha+n:t'

a"i;- t[h*tt ttrey rraae hav out 'of Justicq {i{sterKruger's gaffe.':-r'i'a; tE ehaftered that I telephoned Swanny Swmpocl

r" mf-frfui-i"* tre naa a[orn'ed'tvlr Knrger 1o'm*e this

;di*b; mistake *ft* t had dearly *ated in my report

;;-o!s ,nii rn psrld had not Fubtisherl that G:ontrover-

.., ;i*iletI;. Si"*"p*ib tt"tv emd*t operativ-1who toolI ;;ile;L nis wort as an intelligence man' He too wa{l

frltt!. fr" saia nettraa aen*tety siiumittea I report to Mr

'i<rGr warning him abot-lt the mistake,-^

i"'fftno-oart"i t""t* ttran to protect my back in c89e-

* SABC, z3 Octobcr r97.

Minister Knrger later blamed me for his mistake, I madea'tape reaotding of my conVdryition with Swunepoel diltday. This ie what he said: .Good God isn,t tharministerquite as mad as a hatter . . . On my word of honour vouknow. . . that's absolutely ridiculor:s-. I don't know how hecould say that' (on the SABC progamme).

I then asked: 'Somebody made a'mistake, I presrmre?'Swanepoel replied: 'He did, not somebody. He did. I

mean this is going to make a fool of him, on mJ, word.fShortly after I defected from BOS S and flew to Eurgpe,

Mr limmy Kruger was pulled out of his iob as MinisterofJustice and given a new position. Today he is the presidF6gof the Senate. But he is going to have some pretty taughorplaining ro do because I have givgn the nana Oairy nfrita copy 9f my taped conversation with Swanny Swanepoelthe former head of BOSS's White Suspect.section. (Hewas transferred from that section and pushed out irno someiob deep in the country.) To prove my case I also gave theRand Daily Mail no fewer than. thirty-tfuee copies of tbesecret documents an-d intercepted letters supplied to.ne by'BOSS in connection with its investigwign into TtuWorU,,SACH'ED and Turet College. Maiy of these a"L-t"tibear official rubber-stamp ma*s, section numbers andB O S S or Security Police reference numbers. I also gnve theRand Daily Mail detuls of the telephone call which BOSSbugged between Dave Adler and his wife. I {eave it to theIuIaiI to.ensure that the trtrth about the banning of TtuVorld is exposed to the South African public, and I alsohope tlrgy will campaign to have the unfair banning orderon Mr Dave Adler lifted.

. . -* -.,..'-i':'i.;i",;rli

1

*

'FRA U D

watls aird doors.

'iln the ltiunge

i,,,i

f ffi 6Jr*tg" r *"t shovn the armchair where lv-iry s*{

MUXDER.,A$I} IlruLT1-MtI.-frO!{ FRAUD' 5oI

going honrer'rvhere mn tfiberalgpcs'were:waiting to talkooUtics with him. Bud he did,notalrive at hiC,lhome,untiliUorn mianight. As he eniere*& front'door thnee.hrilh.tswere-fired athirn by a rnan staffiig in dte trallsnay; Dr8nitfell dead with wounds in thehd,;as& and chest. Thc fintshot had only nicked his skin, whictr strongly indicated topolice that he had seen his assailant and'had triedto dudr hiehead.

Neighbours told police that they had heard ttre sound qfshots, but BOSS told me *rese people had been mistahdq.The killings had been commiued by tn'o men both u${tgguns fitted with silencers. The assassins had cldarly receiV*ftraining rn the rlse of firearms. They had not 'sw€pt'tHi.guns frbm side to side as vinainc'do in Hollywmd fib::s;'TheJ were profesionals who had aimed their guns in adownward ochopping' movement so that bull€a-,mfusingthe head would'rip into *re neck, cheet or stomadr.

ft was a baffiing case. Everything about it was ptru[*fi,r]r,,;,r::.1

Tomake it even more bizarrer-ome of tlre assassins had ubi6d.' 'i'""-''an aerosol can of paint to spfiry the words RAUrlTEi"Iiffi' :' '

': ,: . li

3F.1',filuFDER A ', lttff;ilnlLtfo'tt

:,In Nwembe r ry77 South Africa was shocked !V ttre-do1ltg

, Gai" of or douert Smit and his wife JeanlQrat It was3

;"*ti*J case because Dr Sr-n-it' one-of-$1Bory .rnmefllstop fmancial experts, was standing as the Nationalr$ parua-

-int"tv candidate for the Springs constituency rn tne

;;d;i ;;i;iection. sos 3 immediatelv threw m-e- into

i##-ffi"d;to fiod'ottt whethei the assassids had been

ffi;1';;ff il'oit6J rra"t*orld, A coupie olo$erffi.iti.-"s*" *"* assigned by B0SS tg:,loot rntotdifferclrt aspects.ri;;t &;F taken to the Smit home shorttv- tftT tlr"Ufiinx *a alowed to watch the police searching it for

li,i$lttt" rot"r poii." chief was told to let me +ter dF;;;;,

""a tt. .stit.a wrren I promised t9 keep fv han*-j1

my poctets to prwent me snrudging fingerprints on the

friialtbJo--sitrfis watching television at a!ou1 8 pn1''Sfeile hrJr,"*;d"to light a cigarene when she had-obviously

il;a;;;ite. she liad placed the cigarette in-the ashtray

lnd stooa up. Seconds later sh9 h-a{ see1t sorngtnlq m11gine becausishe had lifted her left hand to protect her face.

ffi;;;-L"lGi had travelled through thegkin of her palm

;; ;il; th;b and hit her in the temple' Two other bulletg

iiua rriilr", in lower parts'of the face. she had died within

;;;;;t " p.tt-itott"* examinatbn disclosed -t!at -at

i;r"k-" iro"rr'urt", her deafr she had been stabbed in the

back fifteen tirnes.*ffii;A;;ii" *ut shot her husband had been in c€ntrd

Sptlogt. ie had left friends at 8"r5 pirn', say'ing hc was

the kitchen rpan end the word RAU m the doot of &b .,,,

fridge. To this day the police do not know their inegdrigl r .

and the killers remain free.Two days afcer I had been to the Smit home, my handler,

General Jack 'Koos' Kemp, tipped sre off that a big-mouthed policeman had srupidly tnentioned to a Rmd DdIt

.

.Mail rcpoter that I had been allowed inside the murderhotirse. .Itre'Rand Daily Mail staff were'puzzM;ai{zuspicious. No other iouqalist in ttre country Bdl@iUow"a anywhdre near tlre house, never mind inside it.-i '-fhere's even a rumorlr going mund the ,it{cil rtltcperhaps you wene taken there as a sulipect. 'C;ome onn

Gordon, let's have youlconf-essi9n,'Kemp ioked' '.. .

: .I did,n't think it at all funny and quickly sdrerned upaploy to put the Rand Daily Mail ofr the sent. I told K€W

i

.that while in Dr Smit's home I had looked at tha st@B'aUTENcpreyed oothrwall and wondered,if therlyould,get a handwriting qepeft to anab'se tl!eq,{'.: ,rl'i 1..,.!, ;

-Sqrr 4qglpglBolr$'i r:1'";: 'r r'i!' ;rr ;:: :"" ' :

tHell".fidinl thgt's a leklcer:$fu;l seid'Koryry', !f '&inliJ*eehgddlggtithatdoneatorrg€.l'ir.t :''io : -' i 1''i.': ' I''---ilirntl

t"id I, and gave him dre nrne ef one of the best-

kffi?6[.]ogi.t -i" the corurtry. gh" yT Mrs Patricia

. $66; 6guo ui*6-"ine,:; f'rimd of mine' highlv inte{ise1t

ana a Lanawriting analyst with foty-five years' e:rpenqnce'-,tcreat,' said General Kernp' 'Rope her in at once and

I'll il;;.;thitt" pori"e tttat she goet io the Smit house withvou..tomof.row.t -ffi;;;;i;lv, Mrs setalo was not available at once and

to i,s;;il''dJ;; i *tt uut to,shorx'.her rpr4d the

it;h*;iil smitt home. It was fascinating to hearlrer

ffiG ,tt" *tiiirtg "n

the wall' She -said

the man wh9 had^

soravedthemessagewasbetweenthirty-fiveandfifty'of;;it-t uoita'*itrt-" trong chest and relatively short arms'---M*

Setalo founJ it veft significant that the killer had

insertia no full stops and had not underlined.his-pe.ss.pe'tritli""f, of emUettistrment showed a certain discipline'

;ti;#;;illy indicated he was trained in the use of words

htil;;;t#iro*t. rn" detectives listening to y*.s"9:drank in every word she uttered' But suddenly they' lost au

t'uiatt itt tt"t'.'Sftt t"ia she was quite certain that.$e man

*tto n"a spraved the mystery message on the wall was an

;;;i#;.T;;; 4ic"'; lii."tr,Lt "t

alliand thev even insisted

dui=i-r**tu trrat nasty little smdar out of the story I wrote

sn the subiect about three weeks later'*--Soo" *ii"r I began investigating the double murder Idiscovered that Dr Smit had helped to sluice large amounts

of *o""V out of South Africa for the govemment' Sorne

was to pay tame propagandists o;erseas and sqrne to O: t1q"{

;hen ilyi"g ni*titui"t in Amprica:..9ut p1, Smit^h$#;h*t dftou.tel that about 33 r-rulli9n dollars of th9

sovetntnent's money had been strangely diverted to a secret

il;L;;e "ccoum'in

a Swiss bank' The owrer of the

.,raffount was a mystetious man named 'Doctor Nick'"Drsmlt-iou"riigated and found that this was Dr Nicolaas

*'Ttr Citizen,zr December rgZZ (with photographs of Mrs Setalo

inside Dr Smit's holne).

, MURDBR AND MULTI-MILLION.FRAUDT 5C3

hi-,{^-i^li- +L^ J)--;:^- rt.?-:^a*-^rDJ^:^^- -^t 4L-- d-- -i.,#Nr&t+'r. urG4urll€I Mtr'l.lv(Cl1' {erl, f Ul|Utug"trllltliLflcn, Dt'flf$Africa's most imponant dignitery, dre State preiAcnif --

Using his knowledge as a,nrbd@;,Di,Srnit ;hadlerurfiddto South Africa and allegedly is$ued an ultimaturn toPrernier John Vorster whiih went Bomething along theselines:

rI fully agree with our slush funds being used to combatanti-Sotrth African propaganda overseas, but sornc of outmost honsured sons are definitely lining theii ciwn pockets.Frauds are being carT ied out in our na,me, and, if the mr&.leaks out about the millions salted away,in Dr Diedcrichg,Swiss accounr, he wjll"be exposed as the biggest thief isSouth African,history,'

Dr Smit had allegedly told Johri Vorster that he wouldbewillingto keep his mouth shut on these subiects.if he w*'kept happy'. The way to keep him happy, he explained,

. was to groom him for political stardom.,First, he wanted tobe put up as an MP in a saf,e government seat. Two or threeyears after becoming an MP he wanted to be offered a iopin the cabinet. What job? Ministerof Finance, a poeition hewas eminently suited for.

To cornplicate the i$sue further, Dr Smit, while.woikingfor the South African government in America, had arrangeda massive deal of, more than {4oo million ,for the SouthAfrican Iron and Steel Industrial Corporation (ISCOR).As part of this deal, Dr Smit was to be paid the norrnal half-per-cent iintroducing cornmisSion' by the American finan-cial gloup involved. That meant that Dr Smit was entittredto a backdoor payment of some dz milli,on; Suspectingrthatperhaps someone had decided it would be cheaper to havehirn killed than to, pay him his commission, I telephonedI S COR to ask them if they could tell me anylhing aboutthis. - ,

A high.level spokesman, who must have thought I was acomplete lritwit, replied: 3\il7e know nothing about such a'deal,and in any case no government official of Di Smit's,standing pould ever stoop so low as to accept a britlei,-l',,rr,

r$Zhen I told the spokesman there was no depth'ttr*ilow:r

"rti

ii:.1'lr;::':i:

rg0* {:i:I'1.{t!IPB.;fn88 I I .1,1 MUnDBR AND MULrr-MI.I;$ION BRAtrD. 5O5

srd their telephones were bugged. Enough evidence wasgathered again$,them, and wher confronted rVaa'Eerdendug up more than {4o,w in bribc money which he hadhidden in a biscuit tin in his,garden. He also had largeamounts of money stashed away under different names iovarious bank accounts and building cocieties, The polic.esaid they would let him keep dre money if he pleaded gpilrywhen brought to court and forgot to mention otherrnattersembarrassing to the South Africaa police "and leadingpoliticians. ft was an offer Van Eerden could not refuse, sohe confessed and went to iail. So did his accomplice Sorg@qLKriel. Both men discovered I had shopped thern. , : .i,,,, ,:

The most fascinating aspect about these two croo,ked.policemen was that while digginginto their activities I dis"covered that the gambling boss bribing them was a friendof Dr Connie Mulder, the Minister of Information, and,elsoof Inforrnation Secretary Dr Eschel Rhoodie. The ganibleiwas Mr Raffa Attieh, a Lebanese who lived in luirry yethad never worked during all the years he had lived in $iorsb,Africa. A man well known as being connected with rronyunderworld charactersl a man whJ had grrmbling convic-tigns: a {range characer indeed to be friendly with, ecabinet minister - particularly when the cabinet ministerwas Dr Connie Mulder, who had almost become the SouthAfrican Premier!

About three months afrer I had submitted my report toBOSS about Mr Attieh br,ibing the two policernenrhe wasarrested and charged with bribery. S anding outside thoJohannesburg magistrates'court he told a reporter nara€dManie Wolfsardt: 'I know Gordon Winter is the ba*ardwho caused all this.'

Later, through the criminal grapevine I heard that MrAttieh was planning to leave South Africa secretly. I warnedBOSS immediately, but nothing was done; Mr..dttiehiumped bail and fled to the Lebanon. i

, Some time later a story of bsmbshell proportions.feU into .

my lap. A highly respectable German b,rsinessman,ndHans Herf, who lived in Durban, Natal, oontacted me by

,for,oeto $oc$to ff it nsaat tr wuld 'be pai4a'Ssr'd[ionl;dhc

".pllid :,' Yeg, tilltlhst's pfo

^batrty -wny y*lryId

-glverbe s sw."nm"nt &ial, ic,n't it?? md rang off.,* f r.,n*in"a a full report to BOSS ur rte Akged {aoo:iniltion dnal involving .ISGOR. They said,they had abeady

,ft"*d"* about this: trtrglour' but had ilvgstigatcd:'mdfowd:it to be 'absdute and'utter'trlpel. lFhen they rl'se

zutklo*of btrguaseit rxuslly:rcans theT's something'in

ir.,B*rt th€ ISCOR rumour did start BO'SS ftinkingelms a slishtlv different line. T:hey woodered whetlis-DrS*iin"a irn-fottt of the CIA while-"uortiry'is .&merica'

It€rhsps the CIA had some:mofu {brkiffing Smi{ {qo,tt"A td. CIA hired South. Africaa criminals 6 66 lfuiriob?

BOSS told ms, thd,hiring of qiminals or knocm m€r-cenarieefor,,variws':,ntrky iobs was an old CtA tridtAiminels with pnerrbtrs cQnvictions are stealthily recruitdin'&Bir own country by a'man 'posing'as a fdlow:crinrinalso tlrc there is no visible CI,A ennection- If the criminals

are'caught, norpolitical motive' can be argued.* BOS S' told.,pe tbJt thp moet likely area of rccnritment for Sorirth

africu" criminals would be Johannesbtrgis galr&ling fFiumity. This was ridrt up my dley- I kffse Eelreral top.operaior,s atd algo;.some of the"heav5mcighrrthrrys'theybirc-d ts errfoece:frayrnent frorr defaultetrs-' *',I,.*btnk"d on a deep investigtion for BOSS lasd4g

*:os€ &dr'a yeat. Dwing this time,I built up bn index ofrU iUeeal sarrtUling ioints, tpp gmbler-s' their bank aceourrts

a"a afo6t"t. Ouring the probe I discovered that a&ous.ggmbler w-as bribing Captain Qaniel.v-an':Ecrdeir' and

Sergeanl Jaeobus Knel" wo mesrbers of the lohatnmbrgAarrUttrd Squad. Both were secretly monitwed'an'a'rduft' ''h iln; sctr'i6ol itr'tftdt€lA '*irslArithoay 'Tony' Adonis ftotg'tno"" SOSS fles daim that he was a professioinal gambler used byfui Cfe irn omrioo with s mtchite'grm:aturck on't belicoptcr;;,b" e""UUitlop Mgkari/o$. To cscapG qrtest, he.8G{ to Ssrthirrtri".ina nou" livcs at roo4 Bretton Manor" Hillbrow' Jotpnqeshrg;ffit'ita i.mm'ne P4-2472. Framett by police oq a cldtge'of illgeatos.r.sloo'"f aiamott& in lgie ryrS' hewasbrutallybealeo btl

ryt-ingdooclivtl d nffcrod Wsrrib*;'

-$6 t *XAI fl"iFO$S;,i, I'.i ;.,';ri'irr'';rr';';

Information.

lekphoqe, ffe :liked me briwil'hadsritteo a f,'osur$lehriit#e$" a ftw'wee&s:eqflier. lE 'q"tf .qetd't":Wsgfiifi&' i :iras a BoSs ,€@t +nd h-9- offered me a large

ffie-if tr would try-to folp a, sn"Jl merc'hantrbTth'in,ffituoO which nai Ueea de*auded of r r milliori ddlarsG-u *o.to of men who podrrced crcdsntials showing they

GGfoort"tiues of a South African company called

.Thr",,lldu*y a"opped the telephoge when Mr tlerf mentioned

*e nmi1'noi.- It *^ ott" of *re companies just exp"u.4 as

il**t otgu"i"unio" for the South A$icm Dei$ment of

-.nlr H;;id that the bs* d*dnot mnt any unfavourable

Jfi"iw about its loea, is this;would nnke it the laughing

i*.L "f

trc Swiss bffi*fog world" The bank had asked him;firid:Esqiw:inlSortU Africa who could nrake a high-

n;-,'g*irlnon-official' approach to Pretoria on the subiect'

S&e, bsok felt that the South African government qas

ffinioUlls"d to rcpay the rr million dollars stolen by

ilen uiins fttor.credentials. If the money was repard'--b9th

JAo *oiU a.noia *te embarrassment of bad plbllcit-y:

n"a, *iAiltrt Herf, if the bank got its money bdit wouldgrte,m.e a 5o'ooo dotlar thanh-your -'i: --_ It sotqxlxi good, oo ;I. asked lvlr Herf to give rne all the

Aetaifs. This iJ a condensed version of what he told me:..\n rwt three men had approactred the Zurictr'based

m*.hii'b-k Standard Finat% One tpas a Lebanese using

'&e na-e 'Mr Tanourie', who gave the bg* his address and

honre telephone ntunber in Paris. The rwo men with himw€f,e a IvI" Moreno snd a Mr t. Stafenhagen' At one stqgp

they droppedthe name ofa MrHanson, abwyarin lP"q5'to.iltCriti ttreir recpg@iuty.It lxer tuln{: otrt ttrart MrI{* nA aeparentty been tricked by the three men'lrnr' Tanourii, ntt

-Moreno and Mr Stafenhagen told

S**A"ta Finanzthat drey were {€pr€sentativegof the Sorrth

I&&qo.go*-ott whowere gperating thrrygb the Soqdt

ffimo ioOt-"O* peparq.eqtt &oot orgnnieetion Ttor'

MUnDER 4N-E MULm-tr{ILl;I$N'ShAnD..'3€rt iii.:

Sipped to South A&ica.

'iifo mfiira th'is tlrry pnodriffi*i:r.de0riats snd t€ffirlldeds :

bearjng ttre name Thor. ;11;,q:;. j' : . :i." t: t "j

n Tliey explained that the Smdr Africsil goverarrtntha,ttno shortage of money, but fotpolitltal reasons it war*ted tObor-ronr 4 million dollars to be rrsed.as a donm-piltlrcnt'when buying roo million dollars" rpwth,of heticoptera frolha certai" Western @untry. They said fte South Africangovernment had to be extremely careftl .because ibeoouftry zupplying the helicopters uxanted to be absolutelysure drat paynrent ouldnot be traced back to Souttr Af6cij"' tSome ormtries cannot'afford to be seen supplying-sryI1 I ::'things to South Africe" beuse of its apar*reid policyrt g{qv :r.'rl

srplBined. The,helicopters would beshipped to yet angthb :

:fr,ont cor,rpmy, based in Caracas, Veneznela, and&om *gre . :

: The directors of Standard Finanz fell for it +nd partedwith 4 miflim dollars. Shortly afterwards the same,thrce'n-en pulled the sarne trick again" Thb time they borruinod6f million dotla$ frorn Sundard Finanz. , ,. ,"il''" Oae of the pEpentq perhap both, mas msdc td l&Tanourie through the French 'Banque Louis Drgfust, alrdin this:oonnstion Mr Tanonrie lodged a passport,in.hfuosme. Only much later did Standard Frnanz disco\r€r ttfirthe passport was false. The bank then framicalty tetephonedthe Paris telephone numtrer givm them by Mr Tarrouris. ,

"Oh yot' said a refined.French lady who aruwered thephone, 'Mr Tanourie does line here, but he,s tway..6atrrrsiness at the rnoment.' , ' .:. .

Stendard Finanz kept telephoning ttrat paris number, butthe etrusive Mr Tanourie vfas alwqys away oh abusiness trip.FindllS aobdy answened. the telephone It hsd bcen d*-onnected. At this stage standard Finanz hired the sircioesof Mes.srs Oppenheim, Nathan and Van Dyk, a hgal firm inLurdon, to trace Mr. Tlnorrie. Bnt no Mr Tanourie rrngfound. Standard Finarz was for€d to aooept ttre bitter dthat it had lost its rr million dollers (inciudinx iff€GitlThis placed it in a very nasry situarion, Udur il'{hi

fii 'rir" '

{ffili.IN$ffif,;.'80$$'i :r;r ' :: 'r"'r'r

t::r r" r" r''i"t" r:'{l''

.borrowed some of the rr million &om *re Unitd Bank of'ffiiffiiTii*o t:t"tr,urcrc"tl"- '' I : ''';r'' Ii

.. ;l$kt*e was so muchrpreEiso Oelail in thisrstory.told:me

b":fi;i{*. H"trit"ti knerv it was true' I suggested to',ilffi;s;;;e ri"* should give me the photograph

,ffi-M; +-"";;'; pt "pont

and i would get it published'bv

South African newspapers in the hope that th$ wourc

r*ra to his beine identified'-:16;il"h "3r;

t"pri"a Mr Herf' 'I've already told.you

tt"isi"il#a-i-i"**o"rdbeembarrassedif theirpredica;

*""iU"."*e known. It could force them into banxruptcy", f; ty;A;

" ftll ,"pott on the subiect' and submined it to

no35. iit*gely r'ilid not get any.coryeback' Nothing'

i*iA."A siterice. ttris wr" "ctbot*sing

because Mr Hans

ii;-d"..l"ph;;G me asklng rll. pa heard anvthing

it*-iik"tl*, FinJ6 r could itall him.no longer'-so rff#h:#;&;"inu; one Boss co:rtroller' Jack

r$oos,?

iiffirT$;a *tu.'cott""tsation; He dqnied anv 'south' ,African govefnment involvement in the Standard Finanztli""Cun[ ,*U ttn"t ttr" U""t did not have a hope in hell of

squeezing any money out of Pretoria'-=i;i. aZnnite denfi iust did not fit in with BoSS and its

utuJot".t.ion forJJm' They had not-asked me to obtain

il fufih;; a"i-ilt. rt'iv had not come back at me with the

i"'*t"f- wo" of q,r".tii"tt asking what colour hair Mr

i*"iti"'fi"a, ttit tt"igltt, his age' his accent' his clothes'

-:;".;;"*i;;,;d doss had been totallv silent for

;;i";;';;;t' ;,er r submitted mv rcport gr the'siiia*Jnr""* iraud. They did not w-anl'toknow' To me

tft"l-"*t only one thing' They already knew'

Another strange itti"g'-'t fewweeks earlier I'had. picked

d;';;d;i-"i:itrormition about a famous eaqbler yfo,'lirrcdiin Cape to*n, fot bgal reasons I must refer to him

;:;;; G': Thit ;* was-betting between {t9r*9 l"d''7'"*;;;"Jon.n" racecourse every dav' tl:lty"c q "fifiilJrne*a &ou" a new {2o,ooo imported Mercedes

spsst gaf.'-i-p"i*v best underworld contact on to this one' and he

,ffi

'MI'&DER itN:D, MUr.Tl:.Mr-li*:x6N : FnlrU D'',509

qtrtck$ stipp€d:bek'the infiu ation:thl! ,Mr G had be€oin runce for'' about a year'''md ihed'pu8ed :d'so'me'bigdeirl?,there,which had netted him between r rnilliori riud,zrnillioo dollars. Suanger sti'l1i:tr{h,,-G :had brorght ail't}tatmonqy'to Sotrth Africa. rthutrredly wasi'CIdd. 'Vea}dr1tpeopli in South Africa are rnad'keen'to get,lrge amotrntS',ofrnoney out of the country as a.nesf €gS in,case theiBlacltSstart to revolt. But South Africa?s cuf;rency regulationsrar5very strict, and it is e:rtremely diffictrlt to get money outwithout official sanctiorl Many people have b€sn'caughtsmriggtring money out and ha*e been fined vast sufns. Ifysu.can find a way of getting {r million out of SouthAfrica;frra wealthy man, you can be sure ofgetting $roorooo foi yol&trouble. Vhy had Mr G brought all his money druo SouthAfrica?r Digging further I found that Mr G had been a garnblingassociate of the bail-iutnping Raffia Attieh. Not only thu:Mr G had. once 'appearedr as a co-accused in a fraud casb'

with another man-known as Rudi the German, who hddsubwquently left South Africa and settled in SouthArnerica.And, 6y a'*tt"nge coincidbnce, when Di Eschel Rhoodieu/ent on the run to avoid the Iqfo Scandal, seveml news-papers in South Africa splashed the story that Rudi the-C6"-"n

had atlegedly given Dl Rhoodie refuge in SouthAmerica. (This, in fact, was a red herring planted byGeneral I{. f; van dan Bergh to-prevent his friend Rhoodiebeing traced to France, where he was really hiding. Rtrdithe German had moumed the r,ed herring at Ht's reques$and when reporters started bangrng at his door Rudl"theGerrnan said he had been rnistaken for Dr Rhoodie ,because

their narnes sounded similar.)'Whichever way I looked at it there was that iepeating

link berween Raffia Attieh, the Information Minister DrGonnie Mulder, and Information SecretarylDr .Eschd.Rhoodie, or their front organization Thor. Whether in Sotlt[:Arnerica, Zurich, Cape Town or Johannesburg, all reds'led back to Pretoria. r''.e,, .;' , '

Perhaps murder victim Dr Robert Smit had lsnm solner

:,:'tftirig ttleSsndsrd'Einhnz.fuud.i.Itrd: dk$5rlfoeura$q$tLtbe,@illistds saked i,ryay.,in t*re name,of:the' $tateFrqaident Dr Diedericbs, IIe had threatened'to talk if he,ffi .irot: groorred for,polftIcal stardom; Ptetoda must have

,r'@t[ed a sigh of rdfof,when he u'as slsiu. Yet.who hadrii*illed Dr'Smit, mdr'wfton had stolen rr .inillion,dollsrs?;lilf,hese,were the two inoportant questions facing nre wheh I'ld'Sorfih Africa. Butr,as a defecting BOSS agent, it wouldr,Fave been foolhardy for me to try invastigting the Standmd.'rfinanz aspect. For that reason I.t5ped out.r forty.page,,fusi€r on the Smit killings, incltri{i'rg all tho details aboutihe Standard Finanz frau4 ondseoetly's€nt itto MrAllistecSparks, ttre editor in ghicf of the RMd DailJ, Mail tntohannesburg,

In May r98o Mr $parks flew to Swiuerland and 'inter-:viaq{ed fiF msnaging.director of Standard Finanzr' Mr Kurt,$apft16; wtro confrned,that his bank had hen uiclctd,by:jdr Moreno and Ivlr,Tanourie in the marmer I describcd.';,!Vlr Srciner garre Allister Sperks a co'py of adocrrment signed,by iMr.Moreno'underneath the nme of Mr Morends&ke ompany, 'THOR INVESTMENTS INC.'. ,,

' But Standard Finairz deny that they were tricked'mrt ofrr million dollars. They told Ail.iser Sparks that the threecroqks fiom Thor had chbated tlrem out of "only six milliondsllars'.r.;'Aftef, talking to Standard Finan4 Allister Sparks flew"&sm Zurich to Ireland on 3 ]uly and met me in sectet st a,,ltotel in Dublin. He quizzed rne for two days on everylepectof my forry-page memorandum to him on the Smitkillings. I gave him additional information and tape rcmtd-ings of my former BOSS lack Kanp, utklrigto me about:the Staldard. Finim :aatter. Armed, with' allthis,&lr $parks ttren ffenr br* to South Africs. After thee@trdrs of patient and intcnsive investigations his news-gliper splqshod the Standard finae fraud acroos its ftont

f1ry.:,* Rolrrd Daily Mail,tt September rg8o, headlincd'No'wA StraugeSilil.ffiilaltsmkFisrd!.

iMUnlgR .lND MUI:T;IrlltLLftSl{, ;ftitWD ",tfit

.l_lt.d also girren Aflisrer Sge*s rew derails about the lg,Aqtliqn dollars,,stqshed awa1q,.*n -s numbeftd, Swir*, :bd[account (not connected in ifo'uray with SanaarO firnrni3d thg Raad Daily rtr{ad then:@fSe4 probing tnis fancinc:ing supject. . i

It is difficult to obtain informarion about a numbeedbsnk qccount in Switzerland but'the'8ard Daib l,ztsit,,b..qome way not known to me, managed ta'diqcover that thcZurich tread office of thi Union Bank of $rdtzcrlaad hrdsuch an account on its books. The number of.tbe aftatatwas r876r3rrE and the Rod. Daity MaiI hsd.deesi!*

"ylq* that the nsme Diederichs was somelroweonntd.with that qecount. . , :..rr,,

.The ne;ft proanenr facing the Rmd Daity Mait uns Sbt4ining proof. Knowing the accouut existed was not enough.Some forsr of documentation was needed. Editor AUiicfpart s deserves full marks for the way he solved itte p*U-lem. It was brilliant in its simplicity. He nrent to the biot.ln.Zutich.and deposited.3o Swiss Francs isto that *W-wy.account. To be doubly sure, Mr Sparks made yet anothfi.cash deposit of zo Swiss Francs. The teller scceptd bodrarnounts ard Mr Sparks walked out.of the bank with tsrodate-stamped recerpts for the money. ft, was enoUgh prgofthat the account oristed and the Rand Daily ifqil nide afront page story out of it on 9 September r9go.

The first reacrion of the SA govcrnment was that thisstgry yas 'all rubbish'. But they did no.t get away withtbag _

' :

The Rqr?4 DaiU Mqil then discloeed-that tire,late,D! -lDiederichs was saved from sequestration shortly cftef hewas appointed State President. The Mail alleged that or-tPrernier fohn Vorster had stepped in and pesfuaa[y usedhis influence to hush qp this embarrassing state oldairsat that time.

^ Noa snrrprisingly this led to other rumours circuladng, ,

i Ong was that the secret S$bs baok accouat held morc,th#,/,i. rm million dollars which could be a tund zu.tne fiffir'reo murron cou:us whrcb. could be a fund for thc SMr

African governryrent_in gqsg it ** r"r*i t",p ;liteAffirumour bad it that Dr Diederichs, the Ibnnrs.-jdbhcr of

.:Sllt!"i{rlit'8t$BlB.OS8 ;rr'r' !.r;:r: : "'

Flnucrr fu&d irore than z8:,t*rfillon dollars in the account

*ld"h represented commissioa of ro ents -al oynT olsotdoaid over to Dt Diederichs in ttspect of gold sales by South

i,tic" on the Zurich gold markot instead of London'The fuss caused by allthesi claims forced the S'd govern-

ineni'to rnount an official inquiry into the secret Swiss bank

anu""t. :The result of thiJ'inquiry' was incredible' On

oA'f'uU*""y r98r, the South Afiican Advocate-General,

ilir Iustice it. i. ""n der Walt, announced his findings' He

ieunA-ttt" numblred account in the Union Bank of Switzer-.'ffi .ii; ;;il. g* i belonged to a Cape Town businessman

Mt David Mort and it was a 'flight of imaginatiqn' for-

*Vo"" ," allege the account h"9 *u." contained millions ofaofu*tr. The most it hsd:'contained at any stage was about

,o,noo dollars. Alhgations that South Africa's late State

Presid€nti Dr Died;richs, had salted away millions in thisaccount were ' completely untrue r. The smears and rumours '

;gggi*c n" Diedericls wef,e therefore'reprehensible": t,i'p1t* was the South African governmeflt's solution to ttre

oroblern. But, on the day after Mr Justice van der Walt^announced his findings, the Rand Daily Mail published a

front page story headlined: IBOSS Agent Started Drniua.ii"[r chims.'

. - iiistio"y-"*.*nua the fotlowing strange and fascinating

faqts:'1,,1141' 'p*nid Mort, the owner of the secret Swiss bank

' - 'dDoount was a business acquaintance of Mr Nico Diederichs' Iunior, the son of the late State President Dr 'Nick'bi"a"ii"ttr.

Mr Mort claimed the account had been opened in his

name without his knowledge but that wheri he had found

"rt $out it he had used thp aecouot from time to time for

vari oug busi[ess tf ansactions.' ,.-::Mr,Moft had not disclosed the qristence of his Swiss''*ount tothe SA Resewe Bank. Atthough this was a vcrydttfutt contravention of South Africa's sgingent exehange

control regulations, Pretoria had dgcid{ not to prosecute

m"inio"t:'6*",tt" ih" hud helped the official inquirSrr. ''' '-

I

M t' R D E R AN D MUI, TI - M I TJ..*O!*"; ERANFD"T I# 1I

:rl:f.ltsi :gf,to,; pfllmt@ts r @bt,sp*swbn :,Frailcr,wh{chRsrrd,Ddb Msil editor Alli$cr,,$pad<s$ad psid 'into fumcren, $wiqt bank account,Md,:'rdr .been crodid,'s tlt4taccount * according to the bsnk cfialements obtainedby theofrciel inquiry. (The clear inteatbe here being to neg$e JvlrSparb and his pay*in claim. But'thesrtear did not'w i*i,*lr Sparkr still had those h'so vital deposit slips, iscue{ b$tlre Union Bank of ,srvirzerland, giving*re corret numbg :

of the account and dat*stamped and initia[ed by the cmhidrat the barrk.)

The South African gwernmem cleariy tries every tric*in the book when it wishes to wriggle out of a'nasty sittllation, The:courage of the Rand Duily M'crt in'this rq1*d. ','can,be clearly ass€ss€d from an editorial Allister Sp*rk*wrote for his paper on z6 February r98r,

He pointed out that it had taken the inquiry'more thanone yeaf to carry out its investigations. Even worse, theinquiry had not called witnesses and tested thern un{s*,;i,::cross-Examination, These were wea^kr,:esses which left tHE;i,''i"quiwt n"Cings opbn to question. '

'r'''"- '''

Aaaing that I was a defected BOSS agent and a manwith.,a cfiequered caieer Mr Sparks pointefuy stated j *Brn

his information to us in the past has proved correet.''rsumming up the cornplicatgd bac\ground,to the Smit

rrurrders and ttie secret Swiss bank account saga, Mr'$par.,keendedh.iseditorialby,saying: ''."', 'There may still Ue rnore to the whole affair than thlg ,

niurow preliminary inqurry was able 1s lsvg{.' , , ; 'i

fn the'course of my investigation of the Smit rnurders forBOS$ I discovered, frorn top'level underworld soures,i.tartli,ng details about 'Mr.Nl,'a notorious gangster whoonce operated in London. Mr N has long been a prohibited.ir.nmigrant in:Britain. I was reliably told he had vigited,$cruth Afiica seeetly prior,.tothe Sr,nit killings. I submitmdfull-dptaik about thi$ rnarr to BOSS and thcy eonfifoffif,tot: :

,I-rterthatthffe was a direct,and definite link beqwce"&{a:Nand trn'e,gpver,rrmem.Gfficials in Fretoria.,BO$Sld&*! irts',!o,

if::.f:., I I .:

'',: r I ,'

5I&r. rN8rDS,D.OSS

;'drop,all.,my;-inve*igations into;thiJ *pect- Ir.carbot disdosethe idr.atiry of Mr N in thi$,b6,ok. Quite apafi from theobvious legal reasons, I do not wish to place myself inieopardy. My attitude migfit seern strange to a decent law-abiding citizen but from Mr N's point of view it is quiteoimple. He knows I am aware of his links with the Smit case.

He knows I obtained that information from my friends in thecqiminal underworld. He knows all about my life as aburglar in London during the r95os. Therefore, in hiseyes, I would not be iust a journalist doing his public dutyby,s:rposing the truth. I would be an e:r-con csquealing'.on another. In the underworld that;is the worst offence ofall, punishable by disfiguremefit or death. South Africa cansolve its own crimes. I have enough enemies without addingMr N to the list.

:DEEPTH.ROA$ILn,.

I :' t+' rrrflittrr .rhJiJlliruvr- avlllruvr.td

In early May 1978 General H. J. van den,Bergh celcd qsin saying he had a special assignment for me. At the timethe Rand, Doily MAil andthe Johannesbutg Swdey Exprasswere ie-lentlessly chasing t}te 'Info Scandal', and shogkdetails about malpractices in the Department of l4forrrtatigp-wereslowly but surely being leaked.

The most damaging rumour was that The Citizm was-.being secretly funded by Pretoria as a vehicle for pro-gov€firment propaganda. This and othgr discloetrres werecausing great disuess to John Vorster and his governm€nt,as they had hardly any weapons to fight back with. Thehated liberal press was telling the truth.

Being unable to mount an official counter-offensivq,Pretoria resorted tq the oldest uick of alll find a scapegoat, '

It's a ploy used by governments all over the world wheopublic indignation or condernnation is aimed against thernff a scapegoat is found, the focus of attention is turried arnrayfrom government, and the public is given sorneone to hate.someone whose innards can be torn out and hung up for allto see. And HI had the perfect scapegoat for me to rip open,His name was Roland Hepers, and he was a discontcnted,.Information Departrnent official who had been forced toresign a few months earlier.

HJ told me that Mr Hepers was definitely not the feal'deepthroat' who was leaking Information Departmentsecrets, but for our purposes he would fit that role perfectly,because BOS S had discovered that, in a personal vendetta,he had given information to the South African Smday Tines :about a journalist who secret$ worked for qs as a ptopnrgahdist in Germany, Switzerland and Ausuia. The iourAal-,iist was Mr Heinz Behrens, our most secret and vatve&lefront man in Europe. He was the director of a superb and

115{6 i1,lrlslnE' BOSS'

hishlv resDected public relatirilat&rsi'ih,I{anrburgi; Gednsny'-ff;*" .i p.n.o. Intemaniorial, which had branches in''Ikffiii, Vienna and Switzeiiiiiid.''.' ,,;,. ei^z,a highly cultured German of the old school, had

frusht as an officer with one of Hitler's caack regiments on, t'he-Russian front. He had fabulous contacts with top-level

',*&rfoto*tn;and politicians in Germany, one oftherrr being;il[r'ltxel,springer, the funan retup*p.r Itq€PTe: s:try.ad Mr Sprineer were also close friends of South Africa'srF;;'Pt;ia"":t, or Diederichs, and they had borh flcnnm

, .tb Cspe Town in r975-as VIP guests,to attesd Di Diede', rich's inauguration as Stste Presid€nt.: Vhen li. J. uan den"Befgtr told me that Roland Hepers

was resDonsible for lesking Heinz Behrens' name to the

d""th -Aeican

Swdey Tiies,I realized why I had been

choscmtylll tomount an attackon MrHepers. I hadbeen

spirmnat friend ofHeinz Betrens since 196z and it vras onttr.' r"co-*endation that Heinz had been chosen as otuA6nt man in Germany, with secret financial backing well inexc€ss of {roo,ooo e year. Fearful that the clairns being m-ade

by Roland Hepers would bring him under atraeklin theefut*an pressr- Heinz Behren^s-had sent frdntig cables toPretoria,oyi"g Rotimd Hepers was'a dangsrous man whoshoreld be stopped in his tracks at once. Hepers was

ilancerous b&use he had once worked with Heinz Behrens

in dermany and knew full welt that he was our front man.

,',trtiaddition, Hepers knew*rat anbther German, who worked, in Pretoria as a freelance iournatist, Mr Jorge Wilhelmy'

.was also one of our front men. Vilhelmy was the link forHeinz Behrens irt South Africa, and the two merl kept intotrctr with'each other on a day-to-day basis by way of a'scrgmbler' telephone,l Girdngme'@pi€s of telor messages between Pretoria and

, illtinz gehrcns on the subiect of Roland Hepers, H.-J. van'''don, nergtr,told me to wipe the floor with Hepers.'"ri!$[y{661 a hiding he won't forg€r,' said HI. 'Smashhi$rcaodlbility to piecee,:then'nobody will take any notice,ofhi!&s'againstHdnz'Belil€is.t ^" I' I l

Df,B?TERoAt' '"'gr17

So that I would have plenrydmrmunition tsuse sgsinstMrHepers, ,It] instructed ae to go and srDr:E*cklRhoodia the lnf,ormation::Deprrtment Secretgry,;;{&ow.ould give me access to the ddpaqmeff's private'fitre oo iteformer errrployee Mr Roland,'Deepthrsat' Hepers. . .'r ; .

(I thinkyolr should use a.ctrt-ogt on this asigprncasl'eaid Htr before I left his officc.'Too rnanypeopleareawaitof your friendship with me and gwerffrest- It.wouHlooksuspicious if you mounted the attack on ltrqers.trn'yqrown. Find somebody to give it a nie wholesorne ,ff$vqurnl ;

Ananging this cut-out was easy. I briefly on llnsd-@,,,'positionio Johtmy ]ohnson, the editor of Tlu Ci$sen; ' I

'HI wants'me to do a hit iob on the deepthmat wlro hssbeen leaking Information Departrnent secrets to the eneorytbut I can't be seen to have mounted the whole thing:t .

. Johnson is no mean operator himself wherr it @mes'tosubterfuge. The idea of nrnning a front-Dage story about aderythroat whose identity had secretly beor provided:by..'H. J. van den Bergh appealed to him greatly. So he im*mediately assigned one of our reportrng staff, Mr TiriiO'Hagan, to carry out an initial inter.view with our victilii'to-be, Roland Hepers. Editor Johnson chose Tim OtHagcnbecause he.was one of the best reporters on our staff at thetime. Even better, he was a iournalist.with a good reputatio&who had recently ioined us from a liberal newspaper..

Tim went to se Roland Hepers, who said he hated FfuCitizen and would not talk to any member of its staff, Tirhtold Johnson that Hepers was being.difficult.

'Perhrys we should get Winter to help yon,' zuggeatad

Johnson. 'He's got no scruples about ctnting up a man likeHepers. Yes, get lfinter. TeIl him to work with you andthat I don't want hinr back in the oftce until hds got thewhole story tied up.'

,ifim and I iumped into a car and drove to see Rgls4{Hepers. I smild iir*a"ab * ii," briefed -" ot*,riqtg4rtrohnqon{,snted, Now I had ap€rfect fall-bsckalibiif,@thine went:$nmgl It wasrft rny assignment. f hf4ibiHlcall€d in to trclp Trm OrHagsn. If aoyonc searte4OrcwUg

'g{8,,"trsrD$ soss l

knivertlrey n'ould harm Tim es:w{l. fiiey couldnt do thatboc$r$s hic reputation was &l wtrite as Persil..And he cer-teidy had no connection with'BOSS or government. Infact, he was known to be a bit of a liberal.:rI$hen we arrived at Roland Hep€rs' home in Pretoria, he

was scathing. The Citigen? He didn't want to talk to llp,Citisen. He hated The Chizm. 'I happen to kr,row it's acutpt*e govenrment front. It's disgusting. It should beslled The Shittyzen.'

, ' ,I pulled out the colniest trick in journalism" I told Hepem,Irrhad heard very.bad things about hirn; I Nupected some-one was mounting a despicable silleaf.a$ingt htm. I did notbelieve those smears. I felt thgy were unfair. I knew he wasa loyal South African vrho had worked hard for the Informa-tion Departrnent aod hsd been kicked in the teeth., ShamaI feltaorry,{br hirn. He should talk to me so that I could putbb"poirft of,view across. He fell for it. Smiling broadly,'he{sd uB into his home and told his wife to make coffee. I,4etteled him out of his mind. His house was beautiful.;Tastefully decorated too. ttr7hat? He'd built it himself?Vhat a man. I wish I had that kind of talent

Roland Heperc related his life s,tory for the n€xt twohours. Briefly, it was that he was forty-two; had been bornrn Germarqr, settled in South Africa in the eaily r96os andstarted working for the Information Department. He haddme vrell and was appointed as a Press Attach6 at the South.African Embmsy in Berne, Switzerland. A trained printerihe had later been told to run South Africa's glossy propa-ganda magazine Panoranta, and had pushed its circufationup from 3,ooo to a record-breaking z6z,ooo in six foreigplanguages. But then something terrible had happened: Inr97g during an interview. with a rcporter from a SwisemagaTine, he had mentioned that in South Africa'Blacks

',,F inkld themselves with cattle ufine.' ' ,

', r:,iRolsnd Hepers claimed he had not said this to denigrateSorrh African Blacks: he had mentioned how some country

-fotkl'in,Britain and Europe believed that trrine wau a goodgre forcbilblains, god tlhen he trnd ssid that somc Blacks io

tD,BE?TaRq.trt .; ,5r9

l l,Etqsi$quied:cstrleuai@,@ dlcir ehilbl$i*{. gut de,€",*@,refrorte,had, not seies ir, Iike ttrct;,He had pubEshcd. I,ulashing attack on Hepers ttteirbcidist., World hfufines,hadresulted and the South Afriean Information Depsrtmer$

ilhad,been embarrassed. For that r€n$onl A"irneri nfofurd,Hepers, top men in Info had eharpened their hatchebagainst himo He had been shunted off-to th6 South,Affii:inEmbassy in Buenos Aires, whsre he wii given a menial Endboring job as a clerk. - - --- ---. Ypitu in the Argentine he had complaincd aborn tlreinefficiency there and was promptly trinsfered bsc$.Pretoria. There he had discovered that corruption was rifeat Irfo headquarters, and when he had zubnaitted officihlcomplaints about this he was forced to resign. r. '. ',

I shook hands with Roland Hepers aad ttranked him forthe imerview. As I drove back torJohannesburg with TimO'Hagan I,asked him what he thought :r-- t . ,,. .' .

'.I'm not sure about himr' he reptied. .Iilers a bit smootltBnt I certalnly, don't like his orplanat"ion about Bhdegoverirlg.rhemselves in pee. I third< rrei$hsuld dg into hitlbackgroundabitdeeper.ri r , :' .,. 1,.,,.' . ryi" wad e:ractly what f had,hoped fot. ,It gave mb,thellerfect opportunity'1o suggsr that perhaps we.ihorrtd,gO, tosee_Inforrnation Departmerrt Secretary Dr Eschel ne6aleand get his version.of Roland Hepers. Tim, of course, didnot knowthat Dr Rhoodie was sitting in his,offiaeanxiurdywaiting for us to:interview him. When we were ushered h&Rhoodie'er offi ce Il went through a whole rterneroiJf;;*frJ;benefit. I told Dr Rhoodie we had some velry baa nemro fsrhhr" We,had heard th*t_ a.fornrer Info eniptolree ndmJ[glandlHepers,had.been leaking.*tories,to tt

" tiU*A pne*.

\Ve had interviewed Hepers but were aot satisffedwiih hiso:rphnations. :--- "-:- --Dr Rhoodie assumed an air of great reluctance. Ifeiii*i8

he haGd'to :adinit,it but, our:iifsrmatiOn was *lrtHHepers was a bad egg who had a long historv ofeccenufie*v-Dr Rhoodie eaid he would let us skim through the hli:flc,kcpt in.&o.leoorq&'e@tk x: of.the i;laffidififfi;

triiri;,''j,,li,,'.'i,' '; :' :' :

'''',' F " ltil$ID'$rD'o$$

I

'heat so,tt$rrrdrcould iudge'fei*onroelvpa: Dr Rhoodie thcn I

arrafrgd,&r us to go intoa nbar-by ofrce where Brigadier; '

Charies Morc, a sdior Infq offiGial, would show us the file

on Rohna Hepers. What Tim:O'Hagan did'not know was

,,*!#clharles More, an.Army:brigadier, was thesecret BoS siman at Info, in charge of security matters there' Tim was

,li*o unaware that I-had atready been shown the file on'il.slarrd ll;pers and knew which doquments I wanted fromthat file.,'-;i maO" a bad mistake at this point. As Tim and I sgt in

,b&aai* Mote's office and he showed us,the Hepers file,

,i,.riacneA over and took severd doguments' Skimming

through them quickly I passed some 1o Tim O'Hagan',I think we'll need tbftt, and tliat,' I said.

Tim suddenly gave rne a suspiciorrs lodk and I realized

myeriop" ThedoJtrm*tt were in Afrikaans, and he t"t*- Iaii

"ot to"*t or read a word ofthe language' So how could

inuo possibly known which documents I wanted? But he

ffi noini"* ihe two of us went to an adioining room and

,irlaa. ptotJ"opies of about thirty-five documents from the' file on Roland HePers.

Files kept on plrsons employed in government depart-

**tq ur" tui"tti private.'Ii was a ryrioue ofence for Drnt ooAi. to tan"ti"o our penrsal of that file on Roland

ffip*. And $rigdier Moie was doubly gurlty byallowing

; il;k;;hoioipies. Bureaucracy being what it is, a civil

,ffiAib fito *ttt*ittt a mass of information about him'iittto of praise and promotion are faithfully filed; so are

ilt*t of &iticism or complaints by other staff merrlbers'

So*.of tn" complaints catt t" petty and unfair, even based

o" falt" iofot rt"tiott. That's what l-took orrt of Hepersl file:all the complaints.-errned'*ith th"t" I mounted a psychological warfare

*dt""i-" asainst Roland Hepers' With Tim O'Hagan I*td*a to-Hepers? horne and gave him the heavy treat-^

**nli "ff"e"a

that tre had lied to me, and I threw some oflft".compf"iits in his face. Next day I relurned to his homs

*guiit *A gave him arlother blistering hour' The day af'ter

Any man coming under thh kind of pfessure starts toget angry. He fights back and tries to defend hirnself. lle

,:shouts furious answers which can be very ill-coneidercill"Roland Hepers did exactly that. .; r i.r, Finally I humiliated Hepers by barging into his ofrce atrthe Johannesburg General Hospital, where he was workingas a clerk. I embarrassed him in front of his workhateil

r f shouted that 'he was a traitor to South Africa: Timi O'Hagan, by this time, was starting to fbel sorry for Hepq,S'and told me to reduce the pressure. But next, day t iookTirn with me again to see Hepers at his"office. An-d that iewhen Hepers cracked. As I walked into the office he tried to:run out through the doorway. Vhen I cut him offhe leaptI on to a desk and iumping frorn desk to desk screamed: : Get'that man away from me. He's here to ruin me, ,". .r' . ,,:

I told Hepers that I had proof, in the form of BOS8tapes, that he had leaked inforrnation about Heinz Betrrcneto the Johannesburg Smday Times.I told him that BOSS

rhad bugged his telephone snd heard him talking to Martin

.DgBptXtSOall.r JtIIwent back again and told him I was goirgto nrakehimthe

stock of South Africa,

,Welz of the Sunday Tines.

for a decent newspaper.G ;,1::r',

Editor Johnny Johnson thought the Hepers story,was

' 'Martin's a bloody fool,'said Hepers angrily. .t warneahim that ouf, conversation might be bugged b5l BOSS.I

It was all I needed. Beckoning to Tim O'Hagan, I saidwe could leave Hepers alone now. Wehad got what we camefor: air admission that Roland Hepers wara deepthroat",,Aswe drove away, Tim asked me how I had klrown about theBO S S tapes. I lied and told him ,it had just been a trunch,a shot in the dark, and Hepers had fatlen for it. Tirn did notbelieve me. ft was then that he realized he had bben usedas a BOSS tool: a clean front.

After helping r,ne cornpile my dossier of hatred on Roland ' '

{Igpers, Tim O'Hagan walked out of the offices of TheCitizen without bothering to collec his salary. $fe,rievgh ,,,

rj.r" hi.* again. He drove t-o Cape Town and staited wgti{S

5e:' rxsror Boga

msl:vetlrylnd splashcd it-$mss tbc &ont eW q -7fuffi;6 dtt* d;vt *"thE' Il fi"* "pPered

on 16 lvlav

;ffi:ih'ffi.';i;;;" iffi-tup ''cadlt*'

citizen un-

ffi .b;;-l*o;i- t'iiu---le'u'dons was nBhdss' and

Seast Urine'. In that tt""y i i*t*ty suggesrcd that Roland

ffi;il; ;'*k ;;;;"d' r "{{lLd asked him if he

:integrdcd seeking tft" ftEfp "f a psychiatrist because he had

. ' :.;#ffi#.;-?oil" t" r***iui unstable and a megalo-

mmiac'.*.l?fraio"" afirst_class hatchst iob. but it didoot.*op the

.{ibcral prers iou"sitdlE-ttt". €tf- 9l ttre Inforrratior'r

,;;#-ent *d i6sS'"sro'"tv.ttn zurelvlr' J' van den

;Jfril;;"f bubbres bwr! to burlst; and finallv {tgnowilf#;-nff5;d"1'exploded ro rerreal how H' I' van

ii!" ii"gltt-Jo'E-t rt"lp'of trnforrnatt* tr'lidgter Dr

ffiJJ'tiiJa*' "iJ i"rott"utioq. Sgetorn' Dr Eschel

Rtroodie, naa starti-misusing public funds years earlier by

.''"iliiJ't:g 'secr€t Proiects" .. . i,. ,, ::, Tl*.citisat^.*rp'"p.it *as discov-ered to be a total fmm,

,',onii; ;;;;"**in?a tto"ttv funded with at leas't d:omillion orta*p"yeJ;;"r Wh;n tS first details'ofthis

started to leak ""., ,rr" *hl-k"own Dtrtch,publisher Mr

Hubcrt Jussen n*'"iJ'*ofi efrica andgrbticly announced

;h*il;"l"d b""gd-{t" Cittu*' prl"ttrie was vet anot}rer

caver-trp tt *ttA Uy-tft" S** African government' Mr

' ffi;-';, t" tJttv; another front man 9-t lTTod":,il*rg,t t

"no i"

" aoie**t" attcmpt to grve r'lu ciuaat l

'rtil.lr;c1ean image'. ,

Today fhe ciizen is still a vehiclg-fot gouth Afrigilgwooti*t propaeanda ard is ryned

by the pro-€oYiTq-

";;.;rrt,l't* I h3d frectel,-ft"* Bos's' Roland

s.pX*"u-ier'Gt*n"fm:l l*nf t'i,*,ff iff,ffi: Tf H#i;;+; thiry-T';-ia; affi'ene r-.6W ;.ittlbdF iTui'ii" ltr"*i"ti"n DeDartnrent and spme

ffi .**;r"fn'ru*skl*a*'t*;ff'r,,';Kffi Hryq' ':: 1

' rn nt, *ne Afrin"rre.-*rrr publishing group Perckor.It is still eectqtly frrnded by:gnrernrnent, but ih I sruchmore subtle way; no mone,ln ii,shannelled directry tn thnewspaper, whidr is losing a vast $um ever!'month. Hretgr{amakes sure that Perskor gets rnmy.plum government pubrlishing contracts such as telephme directories, tapprover[i

books and various government publications, including amaior slice of the school textbook rnarket. Profits flom thesecontnacts, which are worth millions annuallyl.swell &Ecoffers of Perskor so its directors, some of thern top men iogovernment, can afford to smile at the losses incurM;byThe Cidaen, There's another bonus for Perskor. It qallr

claim tax relief from its other profits because The.Citiswis a loss factor in the group.

The editor of The Citizen, still Johnny ]ohnson, cannatdeny he is a government man. A Commission of Inquiry,found that The Citizen, at the time of the general eleqtions;had supported the goverqmenrt wholeheartedly, Anyoaq.who r,night doubt that the paper is still a rabid goverrynifet

,propaganda vetricle needs only to read anyissue. Yeoterdayl*or today's.

Some of the secret proiects moumed by the $outhAfrican Information Department 4fld BOSS were mind-boggling, Hand-picked men had been used te run sportinggroups and'cultural' organizations which pretended to beunbiased but were totally controlled by Pretoria. publishem

had secretly been given large, sums to bring out a wideyryrety of pro-golernment books glamorizing the"Soqti,African way of life. , . ,:, ,

Dr Eschel Rhoodie had lent a Sorrth African film pro.ducer, who iust happened to be a close,fiiend of his, morethan {5oo,ooo of state funds so that he could make a full-length adventure film called,Golden Rendesvous, for interr'national distribution. This was a vef,y srange 'secret pFo-

!ect' becarrce the film contained no South Africarr prQpB'gaqda.*lsq. ; i ii:r::r,

To gain South Africa 'acceptance and prestigei, ig,:Sei":i;

,' gry{ .'fW.Sf,DB:''fbSS:

internqtieEl:rporting wmls'imote'drm {ra5'ooo of 'stryte

fl;idr.-}la#6dd "t o"* ttry, Ttu Qhisa eiitrld'sponeor'the

Gffinit Prio 'no" near lohugresrurg in 1976' ' r; I

;€16;;6*,"* tt"it uesrrent to' fhrtilizer rniuionaire

$";i"'t il-J,lt"r' while;funting as.the owrrer of' T'hc

,tddratr * could buy hirmetf:rin errecutive icaircraft';;-;il-go s s had conspired to gpin control of the hated

e*;- ffit-U"n vy finaricing Mr ruyt to 'r-nake'an {8' UffiLr't Fo"""t bid for *re Mail'sparent company, Sorrth

*f"lo" atto"iated NewsPaPers',i r'In Ianua-ry tg7r, a pro-South-A4g" .ryrytfu -n*t$r;"ii, Pdr;nad ueeri secrettv fflnd€d with more than {g*tfi.-i;i.t tn i"ttrnm"fi'odition had been brottgbt

o"*o p"t the Pretoria nofnt of r1i9ly -across in Europe' Free

cooies'had been sroiea regularly to selected political

;ffitrjstg]" BrltailrrO alsoio Briti$h Mecnbers of Parlia-

ffi.-S*6 Africa's front rnan for To The Point was the

. .'gggh publisher Mr Huben !us*n' -:.F;fther unJa, ro million aonars had been lent to tbc.Atrterfi;pubnsfiing magnate Mr John Mccotr' threqh a

.ote. conduit in S#itzeitand, so that he could arrangB;fc

*" So,"n Af*can Information Departnrentd0uetly to buy

*" ti'iiner* srar; Trhis newspapor *eo to be used as a'

iehtde.f";"Soutb Aifrican propaganda against th" ":"1, ffirnai*posr, which iir loathed by pretoria beca'se of its

".tsattt attacks on the policy of apardleid'

:.*" pu", of a similar plot the Sarar*tta Urdor newspaper

ln.*r*-opituf of Californiawm dso to be secretly bought by

Pretoria-for 6 million dollars.--Se'ler*ofOeserandotherundisclosedseciretproiects'

indicate how neurotic the South Africalrrgovertrnent is

il;-"",i". its propaganda pushed not only at lrome but;tr.*&, gw there is furttrer proof of this'-' ;'th* t;;,-wtt tt moct of the Infonnation Department's

tlg st"t itiec$ were first conceived, huhdr€ds of orren-

;&n:rriaftr; have knowingly or unknowingly been bribed'

ffitt"d; given presdi to- T:qre that ttrey would

;ffi g1t"/*tuiiiao about Souttr Africa' I quote a typical

,".t '

.DIEpTg*.O6al . g,f

exarnple: m rg:iS the Idqidradon Departnrent hosdtighty-ttro foreign visitors to,.Sa&th Afriea; Th€D' werg VIPguests; their trips were paid f(iJ'tiiitbf Information Deearr-rnent funds. Who were those gtlsts? Of the eighty-tun,e:racdy thirty-trro were iti iournalisrr, either editoru msenior reporters, and seven were.involved in publistring,They came from America, Brltain, ic€r-niany, Francc qlilHolland. 'The cost of bringing those iourndlists:to Soutn -

Africa wes'rnole thad {r3o,ooo. But that's e*tie&f€€dwhen you know that the prc-South-African anigtee $d}iqnote on relurriing home generated more tourism foi SiiddiAfrica and, even better, a bigger flow of invesanent'into tlfC

. 'That is elmost certainly why, wen today, in spite'oftlrimassive publicity given to the 'Info Scandal'r'the outsideworld is still being conned by Pretoria. Believe it or no1,at least half of those r38 secret trnfo projects ire still coh-tinuing to operate. The United Nations has decr-eett thiid:

"panfieiA is a ctimeagainst humaniry. But.in Sorxh Afticgl;'

if you are Vhite, crime pays. The political crimiiials'wt*itnounted thbse secret proiects have ben ogosed'arid'dir:eredited by South Africa's campaigning tiberal'prdss .r'andeven by not-so-liberal newspap€rs.'But t}re overwhekhingmaiority of the government's White voters secretty rcgardthose crlninals as something close to heroes.

They say 'What did HJ and his crowd really do wrortg!They only tried to put South Africa in a good light oversear'to cornbat all those €ommunists and liberals who virrqr{if,

country.

control the tWestern press.'

'i

-4ii,i i

. . "r :

$9' . F:Et'tOW TnA[!,Gt I.FRS

t?:1"'. ''.' . '

Thanks to the need-to-know principle, most operativesworking for large intelligsnce agencies like the CIA, theKGg ana Britain's various sp] set-ups rarely know all sides

tq any subject. Vhen they are assigned to monitor, the'activities of a suspect they get on with the iobr:aqd,in manyqses they never get any feedback-from head office. But as

a personal friend ofH. J. van den Bergh, the head ofB O S S,I often had a privileged view of events and could work outthe interplgy. ,

Roy Doztaston

Boy iq a ttrirty-nine-year-old Englishman who settled in$outh Africa with his wife Anne and three children in May1974. He worked as a front man for Pretoria and can thank

" mq,for that. It all started when I met him by accidp,trq andfound he was a fanatical anti-Communist.

,

Hg's a stocky liale nraa full of good schemes. One was torecruit Black talent from British showbiz and, fly ttt*l,toSouth Africa where they would perform o<clusively forblack audiences. Apartheid in reverse he called it. I recog-

*iid tbe pro'paganda potential at once. That kind of thingwo-uld be suongly opposed by the British actors' unionEquity because, by appearing before Black-only audiertces'ttre gritistr entertainers would be tacitly supporting theSouth African govefirment's racial segregation policies. Ina leoglhy story I wrote on the subject I quoted RoyDova$on as sayirig that the Anti-Apartheid Movement in

, , onilon would also hate the idea but that they would find iteirtreqely difficult to orplain to the British masses why'Blad<s should not be sent to entertain Blacks in SouthAfrica, who were starved of live overseas talent.*

* fshanoesburg Sunday Exlrex, 18 May 1975.

. FSL.LOW B,AVELLERS. 527

General *I. f. ven den Bergh'rcad ttrat sory and said hew-asrlmplEssed by rhis Englishirurn'ard his staunch zupportof apartheid. He addetl* I'rhink\{rcthould put Mr Dofirsronto betteruse.' :

I do not know whether BOSS contacted Roy Dovastonor if an Information Departrnent front man was used. Butwhat happened next speaks for itself. \Vithin five months hdhad dropped his idea ofimporting Black talent from Britainand announced he was leaving South Africa. IIe packed histnrnks and returned to Britain with his wife aira farnity,saying he would'never return. . it,,

On arriving in England Roy Dovaston formed the'Anti-Communist Movement', which operated

^flott s

house in Parnel Road, Ware,'ff""tforArti*-itrfu 'g."p

sppp-orteq South Africa and Rhodesia in their fight againstthe dreaded Reds and the Black terrdrists. During thi nexttwo years Dovaston's organization enlisted hundreds ofmembe$ in Britain, Spain, Germany, Italy, America,Ilolland and Australia, who regularly bombarded their locdlervspapers with pro-South-Africa and, anti-Communistletters, mainly written from roneo fact-sheets rnailed tothem by Dovaston; I

Dovaston also secretly attempted to recuit men willing tofight as full-time soldiers or mercenaries in Angola andRhodesia by placing advefiisements in British,newspapersoffering ' { r 5o a week jobs in the sunshine ' . Several hundredmen applied and riiany were recruited after being personallyvetted by Dovaston,: who met them in a London ho&L.,Moqey seemed no problem to hirn, and he cer,tainly hadtop-level contasts. After meeting hirn, the men who hadanswered his adverts received officinl recruiting forrnsposted to thern direct from the Rhodesian capital ofSalisbury.

British intelligence had left Dovaston alone while he ra4,his anti-Communist and pro-South-Africa movementr, rbnfas soon as he etarted recruiting men for Ian Smith?s illgal.regime the heat was applied. ,. -

Dovaston was charged on several counts sf:tli#hing

.,.548'f ilG}lsrffi'Bo$S; .,"t1:1

::: .'' _-

sanctbix'.agein* Rhoded*LtA ig$.to'tbs'B&sdti$ianffir&;;'Tct or ts;s h-'*tt :" "m for qnv.onc 'in,;m; ;i*nrh,,' meribcss,.of rthe publis. gsrierdly:1,'",.r 1.1'.,'

,,- #;;;ffi["qtedcitvinBritlinwhenrp*t'-'*idti;;?;;tt'y ;;q"fti.k Docvaiton on a tedrnicatritv'

'Hefrad.: trcen wrong$f i*.it#t't'dtb ihelprng individtr'ls:L

,whictrwasinotillegal.'r' :' '-r"^" 'lr': ' r '" t''':* +te *tt io! *"t-oo the wall, howenere aqd:Dova$pn was

,*|'f"ffi;; q,ri, Britain ani r"ts"n to South Afrie with

''.ffiH;il;. d; J"l'ei i" l"hannesburg I ryly ryzesavturs,iilfrra Ui:" impossiUte for himto,,remai$ ir'Frimin'ae his

,"iif. l;d L;"r,'it r""*"a W *lc$9mr*Pista there''*iiia;;;h. thit was gryd propaganda, and assigned'me

*;t* ; ;;"v o" *Jo'iui"o' t"tv Jtorv disclosed that Rov

t"ii;f;. illi*t{thtd ;'matt' St'pport Rtrodeeia' I m'rqffiffi"il"&" ot x Nortember lgrll' Pftet tlris ma4h

;;ffi-i#tingers naa rnounted a srnear -campaien

sgainst

fril;G*g ttiut hit' Aoti'Cornmunism Movernent:wd o

itir?-Et"ir-"* for the South African gwernment'*'i:, 'Mv nrv nfsni eisciosJ th"t Oouu^*ton hadbeen quizzed

w'tt"o".iiriaT*J-sp"aalBranchdetedivesnwhorafu r,e

i.'d;;-1";'irs",i"'i,l'q4P""1r',t{-ttlhev;hadbeen.tu,rable to find *y p*of"t $atDsvamn'wao a secret&$lt

dsn,fttr South Aftica'-ryh&;-Sp""i-rrBranctr men certainly lid not do their

,.i!offid;',rh;t missed, or perhaps pr.ejgrred.yt to F€€r

Affii;il "r*'or ail: dov dovaston's lir*s with a set up

ffi ffi-,h"'Christianiea"gr:eof SouthernAfrica'(CLSA)-inl ctt"ltiia" r."g*t" ias formed n;\rs and boests

.o.ilJ *e*u.r, r" Sorth er*can Rhodesia and Britain-

il'Hffi;?;;; p b -stt'8so7' surryaide' Pre-toria' *nd

il-"*#;-;':i"-o.ru*" ir *t" Faith';. It chur{r$ out

iiittf;iil"fr*it*" *"i""t*e thinlv veiled presaxrtl-

tfrican propeganct{j dis "gtl":t

&ttct' lilluor'-folk mpqic'

;# f;ilff -$-ioi"un"ttt"ana t t-' u*wltiil;;f,r t'ut d;;bttd'th" F".'" wm stt"'d:&; ;;;;*, r 7 Marcti rele; heaiflins'e"u:n"a'ftqr Qub U K

Afu$6#;ffi;fir.; 'i,'l'i'il'-;'l'' I '" ';' ' i '; ;.;r1 'r ''. ; 1'"

uecret proidcts, illegally set rry' ''ivith South Afrkm tax-payerso'money, by-thl Soudr efrican govenuncntl:It fu

secretly firnded through the Ss$th Afri@n Difenee Budgntboth in Rhodesia cnd in London.:The Christian Leqg$e ignot only used as a propagandn outlm but, al$o as a f,rontorganization by South African Mititary Intelligence, whichuses it as a vehicle for agente needing temporary ctwerOVefSeaS. i

The Christian League's newspaper Encomter onoe,f,e-ceived $tz,w from Mr John McGofl the millionaireAmerican publisher who was named by the Erasmus C,oEn*,mission, which investigated South Africa's notorlous f'Iltl'formation Scandal'. Mr McGoff was found to have be@'given ten million dollars so that he could affange for dreAmerican newspaper lVashingion.Srar to be bought secretlyby the South African Infor,mation Departrnent.

The Christian League, which operates through a'PwtOffice box number in London, has organized many pickecn'meetings and demonstrations in Britain urging support IEf,Rhodesia and South Africa in their'fight agpinst'world:C,ommunism. r '

" At one meeting held by the teague at London's CaxtonHall, the audience was addressed by Mr Patrick Wall lvlFlwho has been a staundr friend of South Africa fot manyyears. Mr Vall is also a former board member of To TIuPoint,theSouth African magazine whichrwhether Mr Wallknew it or not, was a complete front for the South Africstigovernment. The Erasmus Commission found that Ta TlbPoint had secredy been set up by the Soutb Aflicatr ldor.mation Departrnent and illegally,funded with 6g million ofSouth African taxpayersf money.

The big clue missed by the Scotland Yard $peciat Branchdetectives, when they allegedly inveetigated leftist claimsthat Roy Dovaston was a South African front manr wscDovaston's involvement in'that marclr he had arrgggd..through London on z6 November rgn,- i;hildisuil,"d thonsancs of leaflerc urgingof the British public to,support the marqlr4And'mt&eqe

,,::t :\ .. .r ., . .

- #.,,.nfSf*t$rE.9gS.r, r -'::'..:

leaffets'in,big bold t]'pe, itcrrd€arly$ated that Dovasm's

6fti-rrrgnmunisrri M;;;;;;iF; with none other

ffi;ffitttd"; t;s* "Ts"ttth; Ariica .- which had

.ffig"d f* fov.tq tJuu'uuta $"t.try rnar*t';,ffi kft-winc;rs in Britabnotiqed that s11aq e partn*. dili ;; il oJ sp""i* ntatt"u detectiv'es didn't'i'r R{rv Dovaston o

" n

"t-U"ttt*' Brck in Sou*r Africa he

;;"''il;;;*iitt-u"oir"r goo{ sctrare, He wanted m. ffiil;;;iriit;;;i'il#; c"eet Trek firom the cape

l#;;-i*;Joa; tv il"lai"g ny" -b^x-waggons cornplete;in

;;d"*il;d dti"Jv Siu*r eff"atts-q'mtbg tlrc khd,ii-"r'.-i*?.* W trt" uir*nelBoqq fstr63r*The waggons

;;;1; p"il"a"uv orar'r@ scross Anrcrica oo a two-

;; ;ori ;t;aG"s. ;hi"h' dilio* 9f g3rrntrlets sould be

handed t*.*p*-"st;'tt ef*t"t iti"t"ty and political

anintdes. It enlty't&'" U"itli"ot propganda strurt which

#;il;;- 6 * ;;"i" clo*6-putler +ong tqe whol:

;;; geiJrad"c t""at-T"""*"tr" p'otiti* in the small

bcd newsp"pum or Jl'y;;;tht t'*ttttt oassea turoustr'*;;;;-igil' G L"ro'" r left .l9uth A{ricat Rov

D;;t;i"r.-pnd"iJ*" to sav he had iust received'soae

csgital to $art *t*ttd tti. i'.*t t"I' YF* I easingly

;il'fd;"fr; tnJttio"tv *t" -tming frm' he replied

ffi; A;; -A"ni;;;iiti"t Movemeot mernbers in

'fd;krrulilai"a *o left me $25'ocn irr his will''' =i-6Jdtt'i"*ltt it]iora Dov;sdn it was'the first ticre

ffi;h;;;l;e;ad;;u'ioe *ud " a conduit for slr:sh

'frinds. He was d;i;;p-et"and never Glephoced nrc

;*ftt. Y; ,r"n"" r"o*' Life is strangeJerhaps it was tnre'

ffffi;ii;;;; u"["'"i' *'o Rov o-gvastoo nryles ]is""1"# 6;;ffiittg-itt" a"ta -ot'i wil.or uv pftiw'*t9ffifr-ir6*e n"lteof the lanryer who handled that dead

-*" &et".

Wi aW and Arm'Broohes

In ilrcrch 1976 the British Gamdian ailc.neea -$y an

ilsffi;fi; r,*iiF;pis nra{ recfBidns Britistr €N*'

servicemen to act as drm-rl'week security guards for ricttWhite farmers living on vast ftims near the lvbzanrbique-:sotlthrAfrican bord6r. Mr Aspin ran a private;sectirtty'6llrliri England, aiid tha South Aifilgiia farrtrers trad aprendy*-ked-hh ftr help saying ttreffei*a **r canuind ooperi.iight suffer hit-and-ruh attacks'by,Bl**'guenil&rs oeerd#*'

inffrom secret bases inside MozambiEue) ' : " ''' .' :::i:-Mr

Aspin is alleged to have workd irl iome eapa@'f[1British irrlefiigbnce. Knowing that I was'frierdygq ry1through Trevdr Aspinall of the Stmlny Pmpte, BOSS tofiil;;-6 telephone iislie Aepin in'gritain

-and fi{-ouq

whether hiwas well disposed towards the Solth AfriJq+ .

soverrunent. Whetr I did so, saying I wanted to give hiniome favourable publicity, he outlined his security plur fcthe South African farmers, and I published r full stoqt on

the subject two days later.* Durin$ that call it,was eleal

io *" that Mr Aspin was very pto-South-Africa, and Io"i.tiu communicated this to gbss. They told me:totelephone him again, indicating that I had 'powelffiri"ia* in Pretorii who migtrt be wining to help him.'" I teleohoned him at noon on zz Marth-and gave him thstmessase'. He did not waste time. t{e said t}rat within sirhours-one of his 'best agents' would be on a plane leaviagLondon for Johannesburg. He said her name was Mise'AnnBrookeS, and would I heet her at Johannesburgk'|anSmuis airport'the next day? B'OSS wae impressed by M;" -

aroi"'* aiacrity but they took no chances. Vhen' Mics l

furiota stepped of the piane she was'delayed at the irnnii-';d.; sectffiro.rtr. sbs s operatives

"ootd nde a quick

i."r"ft of her large brown leathei suitc-ase as it came throughflom the luggtge hold of the Plane.

Accordin!-to the immigxation form she filled in at'tLrcairport, which was shown to me by BOS-S, Ann Brookm'*o ttti"ry-tf,ree, but she certainly didt't look it. She ha* * ,

been born in Devon and was travelling on British pagsqftbeen born in Devon and was travelling on British pa{419g! .-

number s86o5s. I drove her to the Johannesburger He&l €ttre centri oftcfut, *t et" I had booked a noottt forbcr#tfts''

:,ffl?,l.INBIitrlU:.?O$''

mfg*x*ru1titr,xl"#i;tr!"fr ?:i:ffi H;Hffi?';i'J"oltt-"ttaot who were capable of rescuing

individuals rrom *y -;tto"tU"

territory or prison.Ttttr'il.iffi.il,t; a"pit'*" atso, 9!e -said'

in a position to

ffi"tt tly ""*itv- with any kind of tactical weaponry

;;;"p, for nuclear. devices''

t::' Ao$ Brookes *,,""'ili*"ttous pyblic relalions' oqcer

:turiltilt;t" *a tri"*-ot'i'" ,ttiil glearlv designed.to

i;r#il;'oss 'ttfiA'pb also specializes in monitoring

;#ffi;,i* oi*+"-tg*i;a conlnunists in Britain" s'he

iai;ld[it* q*td irue he would be willing to csrry out

such assignrrents for your security peo?le'-

She theo asked *",'i*" "tl;$ dit"'"tty' if I worked.for

', l"gd"ffFiiuittg ow *v ttott defence l-said r was simply a

;;i;;,h:Aftt* i".i*"rit* who iust happened to have a

close friend in BOSS'I know she did , oifaU for that line, because BOpS told

# ;;'il;i;1"p#;-;"ii;h&;e ie r-e$q $Pin non

ffi il;ffi;-.[u o"** dav she told tttT: nr ttrink vou are

iiehr--ab""i aota*-*otri"g.fol 3ot friends in Pretoria'

Wi*th two hours "f'*v *?ital he.arraneed a top-level

meering for *" ou.rit #with a car_laid.on ird everything''

l-ffi;";;-true. r had arranged fo1 Alur Brookes to see

Iaek Kemp at sost*;;?[;ffii" in fretoria' Although

she trusted *", .ri"-t""*-wtrat securityrwas about and

aoag"d all mY questions'.Mr Aspin *t iiirib gratsful fsc you{ helptwas all

ebesaid'l .'' ' . '

Gqry oan A)h

'*ThO most extraordinary character I ever met was Gary van

Til;. ?;#;'.hi"k--h"'** ever actuallv a spv' He's a far

rno're exciting figure.

'1, Born'i$.I-ady,smith, Nstqb agd 6&rcated in Johannes-

bqggnrhe, wae knonnl, at school ss Gary Thorrpeon',t&eo*phran. His c-lassmateq hgtl aqLlt&ikams niirknanre for,,lrifil*'ttLkiel, rneaning he was reurarhably good with hie'msur&..I{e,,hasn't changed much,, 9inq6. t}rose days, except' in,appearance. He says he is a propeyty devcloper and literatryagent, although he has bedn involved in several other moreunusualbusinesseq. , ., ,,.

I.first met Gary at a fashionable London night club in1973. The man who introduced us was a trusted old friendof mine named Willie Smith, himself an astonishiqcharacter who had just fled from Portugal after b,€iry,.acquitted of conplicityin a counterfeit qcket involvirigthe importation of several million,dollars' worth of forgedbanknoies and'Arnerican travellersl chJques, Gary gave-mea very old-fashioned look when we were introduced. He haddone his homework.

'I've heard about you, dear boy. Weren't you in jail ihBritain rbefore yo-u started up as a crirne reporter in Soti& '

Africa?' he asked, gving a deliberately exaggerated *&ikwhich spread down to his mouth making it look;as thougtt',he'd been hit by a sudden aftack of lockiaw. ; ': '

The threat reas unmistakable. If I wrote anything abonthim he would pull out my criminal past. Hastening',toprotect myself, I assured him that my crime-reporting dayS

were lgng behind me and I was only interested in politicdlstories. ; r'''i

lGoodr' said Gary as he shook my hand warmly. 'Ihaglad we understand each other and if I hear.anytldnginteresting of a political nafilre Illl pass it on to you fitst,'

It wa$ four years before he kept the promise. In March1977, dvingthe trial of three alleged IRA inen at London'sOld Bailey,. a prosecution witness named John Banksclaimed the three had solicited him to obtain guns andammunition.for the IRA. Mr Banks told the cotrrt he hgetonce worked as an agent for the British Secrot $silft*'against thq IRA. Stranger still, it appeared that Mr'gidlfishad fallen out $ith the British security people, because he

Fgt L oqt,l. laf &l,lc6,''''lhfffi,'ltlrsls$ Boss -:

', ,wenr * * ,atrrck thern,; S@ "fH,

bqq.dg"tt#;i.d ii tc"dt"c 'Mad f-olcrel Csllidr': aqd-'ei$fig€n

ffi,ffih.:rnercJnaries tolAirsola - 1ot to fight'b-ttt'to

. ffiil#;*;ver diamon&r qrordl rneii'e thcn { r zo^million, ;mhtrfo-r"*l*,.4 fr*i *'latge mineduringthgf4golgt,:,,ffi, 1" * s$empt *o p*te ub &q"tth*g cliim Mr{an8sri,lffi&";;;;?.to" nrct*ies had besr trained at a

, . ffi fut- in Oevon olvned by a q""+ African d€rned

CrarY van DYk'.b:;-im€n all this was published in B-ritain: th: pry. qgi

, .tdiug for Gary van Dyk' rut $'fepj that promse anc-

,ffi;" *it" nJ, o"f*iuu inttnlieg' botmteting,sgme of

the claims maOe against hiq by'Iotrn -Banks' he said:

":rhi-r ** it diin hcls a i""t w"t1tt Mittv c-hailcte;r

*h";fi-ffi'drarr6tti" **i"t to put himsef in the head-

d;.;ffiFtrffi'Mittv desoiption is not mine' The

' ffiilsi;frttv i; r6,^ei '',,'i

i:t-onaon E:enW sta+!'ad

.' ',Sase'daid.drat about John Banks'' - ., 1 , .; ;;iir, **"a-".i,, B** wasnot tying about lv[i Ga.ry

' '.::id;6fr. o"=atour the'nlercenariq P.tl"g sent toangola'

Or about that astonistring amorint of diamonds' Perhaps hb

-=uat.tt lay in trying to tell the mrth'-^G*-*it-py(-"3*ioec to-"tt g"t he had allon'ed

firerenaries ro o* lFlbooott farm' Mr Don Belford' the

,ffii&T"**"*t"; of *re Black Angolan rnove*ett the

' .r FfrtA; iJtttio"J-* trt*" and even allou/ed them to

the Angolan diamonds was aleo tnre' Gary's i""g1rlat:tlter"nft" *ring had started the previoui y?tt Yh"t h".,T,a

; i"t*g"t tdittt "tigat

nuno-unt 1!at the {rzo mittroar

"*,i,lFr-i"o dfi;idt mentionf tn dre IRA cs$e had

n*" UaO*,*; tib Angpl#t @ftel of Luanda' --:ffitdl"*;;-ct"v' #ttittt qoq Attt"TS inrcllisq.l' 16a inea to setrd C'obnel C-aqsn and his merctnanes-ruh to grab iilitteai'-""as' hrt drc KGBsomeho$i'

Got e leak "to,rt

hit l*- one of-its ge-nt!9men moles qffia;.[, -a o" o"" vras oo. colonel cellan rrcver srood

o,chq*, 3:!e.was capnreAt&f' & etPLA itdiortrfued !y"Mr vidr pemarl$eg'm MPI-A offioccrrhoffi-Ue"'i"ai"ed by.the KGg.;eslhn s€reemed out theexact place where the diamon& hadb€€o buried mdhc wa*executed.

Victor Fernandez fotrnd ooly {6o million:wortti ''ofr&cdiamonds, but it was cnougtr.for him; Ile pcked them in'*large case, boarded a plane and delivered theirrto hie aretr'

ioyett friends in Moscow.' "My fi*t insdnct was that Gary vao Dykwas !4fing 4?lall tiis to gpt p$licity whictr would bring Hollymoodrnoguls basgingon nis dmr bqging for the fihs.righttj$oI askd hfuh if he had sfiy eddeocs to suppoft his clsiu&": .,- lliilffu1 ;1;1at"so'rce.b imptofu". r n rhe co!ageot fot i Uoot now being written :by Colonel Cdlmlss[ter, Mrs P. Georgiades, who is hiding out in my tmec this very nffirent.' : '

That diil not strike ne as being very rdevant, brt Gu54;

then added'Mrs Getryiade$, you see, ie engaged tom*f,L.fiVictor Ferfustrdez, thJ maa

-wlro tomrred her broffihr'

Colqrel Callsn.'That made my head spin somewhat, so I nsked Glrf;if

there was aury rthy rc mUa back trp his claim atiorr thelooted aimonCs.

'If you think I'a grvmg you a load of old -cobblerq

telephine Feter trIardy at the Daily F*press in Londo'ni'said he. 'He will confri- that he investigated the diammda,'aspectwithme.t ' "' .: q:'i' i'i'i'tWn* I telephoned the Daily Expex ir Fhgt'.fuSsbl€porter Petet trItrdy.wss away 0n an assignment :Br& oncof the senior men in the newsroom confirrned that GaryvmDyk had definitely flown to Europe with reporter Hardy,ana that Hardy had cme back witb a cracketiac* storyabout the massive diamond board bcing found qAqps-,rind later sslrgled out of ts ormtry in a suitcase. Furdt{ll*l;iJth";ffil-u r-rbitshJbrfoerulv .

q"t wae ggsg enougb-for mp" r phoned q",ffiff

t:,i.i.i ,;l ',1;,: 'r' : ' 1'r, ; r '' ,

l

'Jgf rr' :I!€$l D.*''SOEs

eDolosized for being ultra-suryicious' He ttrea gave. ime

#*tfutut to write B story quotilrg him on lh"-Tg"S l,oig'as I did it nicely. 'Don't knock me, knock John Sanxs'-

Mpers" f.fu mr.rrdered B g *gtqof 'I&ith,$ra&ce aho d[!|gtibere,fiffixtlff-ly- | . li, :;r:j:i? ;,,'t;: .,t-

Sosre of the mercenarie*urh kto Angola wcre not in.pocsession oJ vafi{_uavel doeilhiofs but'an ,iorpe.ro" "fthe Britidr $pecial Branch,named Tucker,uras mirhmd,at$* ?i.p"$ and helped John Banks to ger thert,, tbtoq&

mid S*Y" And so I did.*T#;';;;,h.-tater Garv van Dvk flew from London to

I#ffiab;;anJ uootea into a ciiv hotel foYi bto:gfr:.T.;f,;1;;-.1'n"*a "u*t this a ** dY: 11"- ;t:1^I1;;nt4.fi; i; l"-t:":,:TT :^f::Yf::,iT$?:fie"iti*, I found that Gary^had get tlP

" ::"".t-T11:::,ilIffitr'-.;;;i* ;; "i

ri o s s t'"adquarters in pftgtll

Onltre p-lane witb Bants was a senior British irrtAjgen6 i'man who.di€d in gngola while with.a:groupof thenr*i*. ,

. His re"lstives were told he-had-did.sf,a,hd*Ei, I r,

attack. ,1,1,;,;1,rr .r I r-1,

John Banks was also linked with a man known as.Maauel_. . .

Xavier', a mystery man of Greek or Italian descent.. Xavier .

..

fled from Mozambique at the time of the Frelimo t*e.ov# ":;jin ty74. He had good reason: he was an. ofrcer:in'the :r

Portuguese secret police, outfit PIDE and had acquirad a{ep$fioqr for tornring captured Frelimo gueffillas. - ,i

Ardving in South Africa, he started working as Jf,reelance ..,. .l

agent for B,OS,S in lts MozarAbique Section. Mr Xader.fleq to Frqpce in WZS to arrgage Squth African vise'fermercer-1arie recruited in Francei Gerrmny and Britain;Tbe .

lisag were irgued through the South African Ernbmey in.Paris Bo the mercgnaries could fly frsm Frarrco 'and

Switzerlsnd sn toJoharnrcsbrrrg for rc-routing to Angola,In league with Mr Xavier in Paris was a fornrer Frcnch.,

army maior knonm by tlre codename'Le Bray'. Maior.Le l

Brqy wgs a fro:rt man for French intelligence's clandestirn t

4ir$' tricks brigade knqrrn as iChoc Elwen'; LaterLfttr .rXavier, aecom.pq4ied sorne of the rnereenries to Angohw&gre be beqame q seoi,or eeqryiry sffieer. for:the,FNl,Aiihose brid was'to watch over urd guide the *.*itt*t *.In'!ld! r$Fecr Mr Xavier liabod wi& a enior FNLAofficial naned Dar-riel Chipenda,..:In ldy-ryIS Crneral,If I. vanrden Bereh flew,roWill$qqk in $qlth West Aflica. and, tEtrqJ wfi*r.Ml, ,

Chipenda durigs secret metirxgs lasting three dsys:'T.months later Mr Chipenda secretly flew to pretoria frr moretalks. Thid time he met Mr P. W. Botha, Seu6''l,i&*nt

immigration control,

ilI&;il';; ;ili;s. waiting until Gary had arrived at

ilOsS [*dquarters' *r

tetephohed nry'nurnlber one con-

ffi;; i*kE;p.-i stlu irave d tape'recordi"s 9{ *af**ettitio", auriirg *tlish Kqnp t91g me he would find

;;;iltctty was it'tue''Boss building and who he was

seeing.--.-fnft* months later, in March 19781 91ry flew-to South

*nt* *g"it and once more visited BOSS headquarters'

,ffii*iioirtr*.hadschemed up a plan whereby his mercenary

fiil;;;;;l;" ; ;;ii",-'i'*"'"ueral- sodth African

;;ld; ;;;;;cenaries wtro naa been captured during the

war in Angola.'.-C;n/;;"nnection wittr BOSS fasiinated me, because

* *netiuf at the Old Bailey John Banks had claimed that

iiJii.-t-i",.Ufgeirce had seni iolonel Calla1 to recover that

frffinil;ffiffi 6tao million worth of loo19{ it"qg"Sffilt-&;G, it?lfi was true, then it seemed hig-hlv like$

6;-Btt fih intelligence had been in league with R,oSS in

*tr" a"g"t* "*".iite. Making furthg- inquiries from my

n*io*?ti"nds in BOSS I discovered the follorying strange

facts. ' l

-lrtn Baoks recnrited Cologel Callan ln the Tanr-,ezi

cilil; lilAot'u Earls Court disuict' The Zambezi Club

,6," f.n"irr rtu,ro, of South African rqtg$cence operatives'.,tK;iil66*i drinkine hole of Norman Blactburq

',fi;,S*ih Ani"* spy iailed- for stealing Harold wilson's

* Tlu Citizm' z6 March r97n headlioed 'SA Man Named Inu"ft-AUiO".Girn Loot Drama" '

',,:;lrii:,ri,'r'.,i:i;

':!.1:

Mlnister',of,Def-ettce, A de.al war eigncd and sedbd"iufterilby

ittt bbtetnde guaranteed that'if lthe fNLA'satne''to*w*"ini gneofa it would adopt a friendly stance towards

irrecorla" with full trade linlcs. Mr Chipenda was rern'

ilffiil t" *"" ,r*r-g"**t* uv in" rNte ledder lvir,,!fipilden'noberto. :': : :

.ji'There is a direct link betrreen Mr Holden Roberto and

Gary:van Dyk because mernbers ofithe FNLA ha9.!ee1tp&toiographe-d training on Van Dyk's D-evo:r fartn' This is

intet*tide because, aicording to BOS-S files, the FNLAwas formJ4 funded and run by the !,1A. ':'

. Excerpt from secret BQSS.filei'\1gZil'

'ROBERTO, ,Holden Alvaro. Adult Black Male.Real, narine,, Jose GUILMORE, sometimes spelled

' GI:ITMORE. Born Angola tzltfrgz3, son of a Baptist.,rr,$fi-ission worker. Tn rgz5 his parents sent hirn to- a

r: irelstive living in the Belgian Congo. Educated at British

'tsbtist scho6t until r94o. Worked as gJe$:and'becameirrterested in politics. joined the small 'olJnion of theil;ri;tit"t oi North-angola" (UPNA), becamei itspresident December 196o. Obtained Congolebe passport

in,name Rui VENT URA. Befriended Ghana's President,,:L(wame,Nkcumah who appointed him senigt 94ctg i":, Afrlqan Departrnent of the Ghanaian Foreign Ministry-,rirli.ater appointedl staffmember of the Guineah Mission in,1 $gw York, September 1959, bY Guinean President SekouI Toure; Was recruited by CIA in dining roord of NewYork's Hotel Tudor in October 1959. Paid roo'dollarsrnonthly salary plus ex.penses to retlrn to Congo''and set

up liberation movemeht in opposition'tcl Moscow-bacl<edMpfa. In March r96a, uirder the name Holden

r ;t RO B E RT O he ;helped form the " Nmional Front for the. 'Libetation of Angola" (FNLA) completely financed by,.ieIA,, The CIA also made a cash payment of 3oo,ooo,,do}lar$, to Holden Roberto for varibus no'n'rnilitaryaotivlties, one of which was the distributiffl 6f; 5o,ooo

\FN LA, brrtton,bedges:,to,.ba,wom by civiliao supporteruas ,well as his guerrillas.' , r: " . :,,

Dotninique de Roux

I first met Frenchman Dorninique de Rorx in Novernbec1976 when he visited South Africa and pppped inro'theJohannesburg offices af The Citisst, -He.was,a tough andultra.shrewd iournalist, a contributor to Le &gno andother famous publicinions in Paris, who had iust ernergedfrom a hot and sweaty one-month slog through ttre deoseotparts of the Angolan bush. As a one-offstory he had wrinpna feature piece which he wanted. to sell us about Dr JopasSavimbi, the leader of the 'National Union for the TotalIndependence of Angola'(UNITA), which was operatingin the heavily wooded areas of Southern Angola. The storytold how Savimbi was fit and well and determined to wrestcontrol of Angola from Dr Agostiirho Neto and thgMPLA.*

I had read several stories by overseas journatists ulhoclaimed to, have interviewed Dr Savimbi in the bush, bq*most gf thep must have done it by drumbeats because theyhad no photographs to back up their claims. Dominique deRou:< was different. He had photographs of himself seatedat a makeshift table deep in a forest with Dr Savimbi andtwelve other senior members of UNITA..This made mevery suspicious of Dominique. Dr Savimbi has managed tqsurvive only because he has an excellent sense ofsecurity.No iourrfalists get to see him at one of his temporary andsecret camps in the bUsh unless they are thoroughly screenedmonths ahead and have excellent contacts. This is Savimbi'sway of keeping ahead of the men who would dearly love towipe him and his UNITA movement off the face of ttreearth.

Knowing I was going to submit a reporr to BOSS mhir,n, I asked Dominique to give me one of his visitingcards as I would like to look him up when next in, P*ris.

t The Citizery 16 November 1976.

' lThe'caldrrttE:4[ve rne said lre 'ppectel f*+"t* qry3*'

' of 54 Rtre:de Eourgogne., eqi9, -rind

stdted'that &€'directors '" of',&ii,soitttany *ltI trirnse$; Lord'Hesketh, Peter Rosoff

'aq6t.&obert Kopp..,'.:'fi9'ltot I submitted a verbel report to Jack Kemp he"told

rne'not to bother about Dominiqtre de \9*.--:-'r:r4l\Fe kn6w all about htln. Hers on itle. I{e's a serrior* F'renc*l intelligence offi'cet who ubee ioumalism as a cover'

Hd arranges r-egular shipments of arms and arnmunition toiiNfff and-in addition he also revamps all Savimbi's

l ut*n'oo**utriqu€s before he_passes' ttreq oh' foi release

,€rrough UNITA's office in Parls.'' r ftt *'""y impressed byis$ &id and asked Jack Kemp'how he kndw 96 rnuch..H€rsmiled and,bxplain€d'-th:loeistic and propaganda support of Dr Savimbi and hisU"Ntf.{ fit"v;*t was a mutual relationship between

l**t O',"ifitelligemce (SDECE), the^CIA and South

'iit(frituo Military Intelligience to 'keep Savimbi afloat until

,' ,.gn time as the MPLA is brought down'.':',,,tlKef,rrp told me drat the Angolan government was well

eviare of tnis 'capitalist suppoft' for tINITA and that this** why Russia'fraa arruiged for so many Crrban soldiers

to rernain in Angola: to ensu,re that UNITA and itsVestern allies did not succeed in any take-over.

' ,, : ' ,, Ercer?t frofi, secr* BO S S rtbs Q/ZS):

'SAVIMBI, Dr Jonas Malheiro. Adult Black Maleborn 3/8/1934. Read political science at l-ausanneUnivemity, Switzerland. Returyed to Africa and urg-ed

bv Tom MBOYA, then General Secretary of the Kenyaefti"* National Union (I(ANU) to ioin up with

":Hblddo'Roberttr. Mboya was a ClA-frurded politician.,, Savimbi ioined forces with Holden Roberto and played

ley role-in helpihg Roberto fonn the FNLA and

bfaUtistr the "Angolan Governrnent in Exile" (GRAE)'of which he became foreign minister. Split with Roberto

Iuli' rg6+ and on za5lr966'formed UNITA. At this

tfli[bw rnav,rrr.BRS,. 54I. , '

time Savirnbi was reeruite*A$ foctltsrescr secret;rpqtris rr :

PIDE. His mairr controller'&ing Lt-Colonel'ArmenioNrmo Ramires de Oliveira and his go-between. handler ,

was Polnrguese priest, Padre Antonio de Arauio Oliveira.PIDE was then unaware thet Eavimbi was atrready,,o; ,

CIA front man and was controlled by senior CfA,:,,operative James S. Cunningham in charge of politicalaffairs at the American Embassy, Lusakao 7.ar.rtbia., ,

Savimbi's lieutenant, Antonio Fernandez, acted,as CtrA ,

link man in T,ondon. UNITA was funded by CIA r,,and remains controlled by CIA. Savimbi's .,frieridship,' ,l

with Peking was a'brilliant.blutrto distance the CIA,i,from UNITA.'

40 M'ltlTARY I lrlfttt! GENCE

SECRETS

.lt

l.

Answerins accusations that South Africa wanted to pur-

"fr*" otti and ammunition 'to fight Black people in South

Alii* or outside South Africgi the,Prime Miii{ster, MrIiithhu""t John Vorster, told his parliament on z6 Januaryiqzr: 'It is malicious io say that any arms South Africa

"6i"it.. from Britain or from any- other power will be.

*fo fot that purpose. \ilfe as a people have no intention offighting agaidi oi of invading any other country be it near

or far.t, Desoite this statement, Vorster was fully aware that ase"teiitoup of South African Army 'demolition experts'

h"a oi.rt"tty entered Zarr$ia illegally to blow up b1dg99

*A "oit*it

other mayhem in that cpuntry to bring Presi-

dent Kenneth Kaunda to trtel because he had refused to

enter into 'dialogue'talks with Pretoria.One other man ih parliament that day knew what was

coins on. That was Mr P. W. Botha, then South Africa's"u,it [t.r of Defence. r$(/ith Vorster's knowledge, Botha had

'Fitrv sent 2oo South African trogPs' a full three years

A;G;; to fight in the civil war in Biafra as part of a CIA-ro t"t*i"aEd plot to counter 'growing Russian influence'

there.*-ar f"t back as 196r the South African governrhent had

aUowea hrmdreds of mercenaries to be openly recruitedthrorrchout South Africa to help the CIA put down

'Commrurist-inspired insurgents' in the lonSor Tle mal:,"wholed those 5oo'mercenariis, knowrr as the 'Vild Geese',

was,€olonel lviike Hoare, a South African citizen born ofitfutt-p"r*t". iolonel rio"te is an old friend pf South

Af**l-mimarYlntetligenbe. '. :

MILITARY INTELI,IG3NCE i$gc&8Tg ' 54iAiraro from,thqt I indirecf,i:lirler{S4ion ; io .dre.a$,ai{q, df

mstlrer countryr: Vorsteri,s$,.,Botha kne* that:. se,*p,rqlhundred South African eoldiers, po{iccrnen and evenSectrcity Police,.officers had long been O*ratiBg,.mRhodesia. Those men were ceot,torffi,,Ian Smith's undgtrstaffed and harassed security fqrces wipe:,out nests of Blagk'guerrillas invading the country. In their spare time thqSouth African Security Police offi cera helped to captur,e,a{,!c1tortur-e Black activists operatipg in Rhodeciao$ tonrys-, andqt1es.

Anyone checking througb newspaper files udllr,?.q4$',1.",repeated claims by the South African government ttrs{jt$'does not involye itself in the affairs of any otlrercoung;rt;;";',

Jhey.h_ave been saying that for the last ten y€ars;to,{4yknowledge.

When the Angolan war started going prong fot tbe,-CIA,

involvement in Angqla at all, '\J(/c do ngt havg aqy ,trgqilir,ii:,,"ithere. lTe donlt involve ourselves in the internal aftir* qf , ,

other countries', they said, hand on heart. All iournalieb in

the South African goverffnent vehemently deniod,,apy ,:,:,,it',ii

South Africa knew they were lyrng, because Fleet Sqeeiiervppapirs not only interviewed South Afrigan tfnogr.ttlAngolb; they even photographed thern fighling glongsideUNITA and the FNLA. But there was nothing we coufddo alout it. The South African Defence Force slgpped p,heavy embargo an thg,whole subject, and not one wordcould we write. It was.a farcical situation because m@r.lers of -the South African public who obtained Br,itisbuewspapers by air-rrrail subscription could , rq1d,,{hitrtittl ,'. ,,, ..

r Slhen South Africa?s trqops had to flee from Angola withtheir-tails between their legs and,Pretoria couid not srlp:pr€$s the truth arly longer, they adSnitte{ sending'a limite{qnoqnt of troops' to ,Angola.at the request.of ltrg$I'KissinSer.,He was ths scppegopt.,And in an pttqm'g,#.reasqure the South Afiican public,that 9ur troops EgEp""ff r

greates!, phe South Atrican Broadcasting C,o,mqag.fuinscreened a pathetic documentary film hastily.fg€trF{_hy

544'.' rN$iD4'So$',$

Fanhard armoured cars' The mercenaries had' 'been

boutlr A,fdgm'Mititary Imdlkemce'* It shorped''hory't&e

3ffi;;6ffi upops woura'hsre won' the war'in tutgsle

'"#ffiffi;d"i u."i r"n in'the nrch:bv America?' Many

whH:,8otrlfrt Africans fell for it' I was in Pretoria the day

"**['?ii r"r"tltrt" documentary, and everywhere I Y"ntffi ;; ti' t"vi"s' Yerrah, man' oY tPopt showed those

;iiiA;"fnit'u iii"g or two, didn't thev' man? Pitv we:iiai - i."t* w"

"out rt"ut un"a them ail of if we'd had

iust one more week.',^filr"iJ*'t"i'it""ra from my Bg_sp sources about the

d;il';;;;.i;;;;ffi "iit'i crA, John Vorste-r and

iir"o"i"n." tvtinister, F. W. Botha, ha! sent 5'ooo South

ffri;# t'""pt,;A"sL[;" lt"u9t" plAgostinho Nelo aqd

his Popular Movement- ti" tft" Liberation of Angola

(MPLA) from coming to Power'Those 5,o* *p,'tt"a'"t"a dozens. of American and

rreritiaiii;;-r''"""it helicopters gd S:u.q" iet fighters to

I ;id$:fdffi;;MPtA u*;s, or Black civilians' who stood

ir their waY.*frJii--i"rongside the South African troops weremore

e;;;; wrtti. *"tc"tt"tit! who drove .s:"tl-1}ffT

, ,MILITARY I}{r8$friltt$fit$4fl8il@Er! "-ffit''cmouoterCIfirnfiilary hardwrw sffiffi ,&wnifu '.Amortpa,m

Ionsn$esburg's Jan Smuts aiport rb Zsire. Tk eueseesurere air-lifled to South !trc"*frica (t*smihial by ths'$outh Afiican Air Force so&eryrwuldbcslippcd serss,rhGbgrder,into Southern Arryols fu .$nnas. 8ayirnbi,{d'1$rUNIT.{ men were figtning: T+!n$r the,Suu,th, dl&idgovefirment in this regard .dimcric*,.told,.&ern.eixrg[@Lockheed Hercrls transport plsn€sr, *ich:rwere,a:,{riv,ilversion of the troolFcarrier aircraft usd by th€ SetrAfrican Air Force. America sold thooerphmes to SuirfrA,fhiea for about f,a5 million. Dirt cheap, saidPrcwiar@CIA arms supplies for Holden Rsbefto's FNLA.i&hmq'ment, whichrfoughtin Nsrtherg rAngpla, r,ooo miles fudAngolans,border with South \ffest ,Afiim, rrryers.iu8tdtluough Zaire n'ith the full csnnivanqqsfi&esldentMobtm*,,The QIA station head in Kinehaoa, Zr*lre,;wss{,ldtr SfimfrQ. Methven, alias Mr Mqrtin, , ,

BOSS said nearly roo million dollags of Alasi@;ffir,.payer,st, mofrey had.been.spst;,on ttn Aryph vfSSFialliowh l.was told this hpd been cams-Eflagpd from fruffissutirry ;by, the c IA ih9!{-prici{€',all {he,mrlirsff . hryS*.iwgreit had qent. ' r .,

The best example of South Af,riqarr,,involvernent fu.{hcaffeirs of, another country cas.le, in 19g6 ,crh$n, EFn{&,Africa's Army Qhief General Magnus Malan ttoday ftelVtinioter of, Defenee) an{. his Militgry Intelligence apparasrsse-t up a fake Black libgration,movement in Mozan biqrrej;in leqgue with Rhodesian intelligence. tr know'all abor1!&ig'msrrcrnept because I was its nurnbesgle propqgsadiff,4#,from, ttrq stad. It w! the rnoct snrccssfill cttrnfu,ereoperatioa ever mountEd by Preqo,ria. Its rq4q ,Fff 6e,'Mozambique National Resistancti' (MNR) snd wh€n Ifirst st44ed glorifyhg its erploits in luly r.977 it existed inname only. Tbe sabotage atta4Ks it was supposqd to harcmade inside Mozambique were secretly carridd out by,fuSou*r African Atrny's rRecoirnaissance'.Comnun&1,?r''$*crack unit of tough and specially trained s@#alobformed in Aqust 1975. This unit was ledby Cominrridaht

1,,;

ffiJt il-aiA ae*tt and CrA .frot -* in Britain

6i;ili*G *o ioTi" Aspin)r America' France' Germanv

mdZare-f:i"-rl"*" with the CIA, BOSS operadves and Military

#:itffiil i;*r';J fiJ 'u'*Ga an estimatid 4oo

fr;clil.iil;o rnostlv oi eottttgtt"l"- lTkqtound' in South

nrirlltislii. sosS tJa *" tf,e crA had spent zo million

dollars overall on recruiting and pay9g all the mercenanes

fbt th; Angolan war during t975 ayd t976' lt did not cost

the South African ;ilil; *6.:+t In^ftc the South

African government made a tidy Uttfe proht'--r"-LLounage its participaiion in the Angolan inter-

'"."Joilil c-In rt"a "sed

South Africa as its main base

ii#:i:&.fr;s-tt*t *a am'irunition to UNITA' V:st

*TheAt|golanFile;seiptmainlywrittenby.MrBriancrozier'rot-itimifr*-ol irti ctA front Forum world Features'

:,: ,S#-{t$plprytgos$ :,:.i.i.: r'i:: : !j: r::

':'r:.i

Jan grelrtcobadt, ttre broth of South Africa'c world-renwrea writer and poe, Bfeyt€rl Breytenbach.*

,Aocortting to the comnrmiqu€s given to me'for publi-:nl**m.,ttrose $outh Africgrrcurnnrandos had'been busy. trn

,'.&,.spase of three mon&e drey slipped in'and out of,r:'Mnzrrnbique at dead of nightand committed the following,, gqgs whlctrt propagandized:

I ri' gneak acact on boats anetrored by'a ietty near the Cabora, ;Bassd Dam proiect. Several boats sunk. Sorne badly, dunrged.

Attict on a refugee calnp near Qortngese.'Twemty-fiveBlacl<s, allegedly Frelimo soldi€trc' killed or iniured.

''Four Frelimo army vchislee dcetroyd in va{ious areas

of the Tete Prwinc€.- Frelimo codblccks'stacked at Villa de Maninga. TwelveFftfnno.s6l$,i6s alteeedly hilled or seriorsly iniured.

ftdimo platoon ambushed near the Chimoio army. ,'t . Stripped naked md their uniforms stolen. (These

" ',trSlfbffiis were later worn when the cornmandos burntAoffit ctrrrrches and rni"ssions. This was done to ereate

haued for Frelirno troops in the nrral areas of Mozambique)Itrharf sabotaged by time'bomb at Maputo. Darnage of

fr<o.ooo caused.- fiecomrnunicatiotm aentre at Chicualacuala blown up.'' -.Tirhe,bornb atmck sn Vila Pery railway station, ''. :'$orne of,these attacks were almost certainiy'glamorized'

: byMititary Inteltrigence backroom boys, but there was one

wU*r bounced back on them. It happened on Saturday,go }uly rg77,when the South African eornhandos qlu"!9da UoniU at the Chimoio railway statiom in ttre Manicaprovince of Mozambiqtre. The enplosion causeddarnage'ofilote'th*'{rirooo troc,teft a crater'two rnetres deep and: * Brcrrten Breytenbach became a South African exile in Paris

tt-frrlrbn tri rrarried Yolande, a 'non-Vhite' Viethamese. Entering

'', 8&S fficr eebetp in August 1975 to lnount an undergrurnd enti-rnsrttrcid srqup, he rvas trapped in a qunning plot cerried out by ao

silline.t"*"tAiss who was a BOSS operative. In November 1975bewas's€ntenced to nine years in iail after being found guilty under theTerrorism Act.

MII,ITARY INTtsT,LIGENGSt sB,CREf,ls , ]547

tdn metres wide. But an innoeelrt twelve-year-olct Bla€k

l$f^yll ya&ing past as the epp.locion occurred and diedin'the blast.

. flre {retlmo goverirment wasfed no rime in emphasizingthe death of that child. So tr was totrd to write a.story qu"tlriEa member of the Mozambique National Res$tance msv6+Tjnt 3s sayrng 'This is typical [Frelii,no] piopiagandndistortion to sway public emotions against us.- the-truthabou.t that child is that it died of malnutrition in a near-bvhospital that morning.' I was rarher sceptical about thie butdid as I was told and wrote the story.t

Military trntelligence used a cut-out when passing all tlp,,,,communiquds ofi to $r€: He called himself .Mr Leite',,b* .

by accident I discovered that he was really Alvaro n*io;a Portuguese who had once lived in Mozambique and wacalmost g4lainly a former member of the pornigrrese oecretgolice. Mr Recio was a friend of Colonel loiy Ologs, aformer member of the pornrguese pIDE who had flA'to .

South Africa and started working for the MozambigueSection at BOSS headquarters in pretoria. Alvaro R&i*gtiJl lives in Johanneslurg and probably still acts as,",t!1,$Johannesburg publicity officer for the MozambiquiNational Resistance' movement.

To protect- _the Sout{ African government from any

possible suspicion that it had anything to do with thlresistance mor'emerrt'MN& I was toldlo elect a smokescreen about it and its methods of operation. I wrote artichsslating *rat the MNR consisted of many small pockets.ofsix or sev.en men who operated from se;$ anC iennpO"arycamps in rernote areas deep in the Mozambique bush. Thatgplqn"d why Frelimo could not catch thim. I said theMNR had hundreds of members or sympathizers all overMoz_ambique who werepart of an ever-growing fbeling ofrebellion against President Samora tvlachel and

-his

'Communist-backed' Frelimo government. That gave tld t

impression there was widespread discontent amoigpt,t{i, :

Black civilian population and the Frelimo goue""rm$d'i*+n,* Thz Citizenr 4 August 1977.

::.;l

i M[LrtARY r$till.rrtbsbld8': $$,b,Rttsr :i:ffi'."

govenrment when MNR ctuneto po*€r.

* The Citizant z9 Novernber 1977.

That is when the Mozambique National.Rrbist$rcemovement really did staft to stist. The whote tbii$escalated and larger-scale attacks were mounted againstFrelimo. Bridges were blown up, troop convoys ambuehed,collrctive farms were attacked and even tight aircraft19(S,,shot doqrn on at least two occasions. When it was discovqt[that these aircraft had ontained innocent civilians, I $drtold to write propaganda stories a[eging tb€y had been ttptdown by irresprrsible Frelimo soldiers who had thoughttlrey were'invading Rhodesian airctaft '.*. Pretoria tried to pull another fast one by attempting togain respecubility for its secredy funded resistance mo,verment. t eaaing mernbers were told to try forging a ltnk withanother anti-Frelimo group, knovm as' ttre 'Unit64Democratic Front of Mozambique' (FUMO). This.gtSt$is financed by several rich White Pornrguese farmer3fdndbusinessrnen who fled from Mozambique lvhen Frelimoinsisted they pay their hundreds of Black workers a decentwage. Vhen they refused, their businesses and farms weretaken over by the state. I know that overtures were derfinitely ma{e to FUMO through its Lisbon-based rep@'.,gentative, Dr Domingos Arouca. I do not know whetbbF'bf,dl for it,or nOt. ,, :.r,ff.,,i4|:,,

oowad#;ts stop it' As r9o':li+deryrourid rGot@otrt :F8s

;;;;ffiiiit wiirrour,gmsci[l support, I wote lt'q;#tuiiiR;* ft"a"aTv tt''tis" numberofBlacks who had

ffiH; Mozamuique aner t['*rtoi*o uke-over in 1974

'ffi.;ilffi; d *i; it rt{tusgl' Kenva and}lalawi''}Iow

,mA;ilNii "uoi,' arms a"o' am"rqnition?' The answer

::,vae sirnple. They "t"Jilp.i* ar+Z-grachirle-gun$ ar.rd

ifr**"lo.r*-ru"".t "tr Jor"n durin_s hit-and-run attacks

,;$fr; ;"iaG. iitrr-*"t"teo rather fapfetched' but'r

,ffii*-i*t" told and wrote these thgr-fl'* I didn't lxpest;r;"1" io't!li"u" trt" ttoty but many White South Africans

;ff-;;;J ;; A; tdv etarted iepdins in donations!'*idffi;.n" aity ttooy"*"ul*.* continued for much

lo;;;S;rh Afrd"b ;,i[t*ry Intelligence e|(perts pulled

g really clever ore ott,bf &" hat' T!e.v recruited beturcen

rcn,asd qpqtll Blt.i;;it* Mo'u*uiq"t who had fallen

ffi;f .t*'FEimo tegi*e for various rgsons - political or

oi-it.f. These m"r, iet" banded together' s1v9n YTpons,ilffiilord"ii "oirot**,

and qhglographed t'training at

,ffiffiiJiitia" Mo,u*uieue" ryo1true' Those photo'

F;;t;;;; trr."" t"u"tJ miles outside Pretoria' where the

terrain is similar to tir"t i" fuforu*Uique. Some photqgraphs

ilfffi;;i; i" me, and- others were pCIsed on to a

ioutn"tist timea Jose Ramalho':*[ffi',h" F;fi; ttk"'o* Jose ha{ tived in Moaam-

Uiu", *n i.. I wastold, he had worked ad a PIDE agent

ilh;' *to-or'u"i"J " iout""titt'^ r -cannot

state..with

ffi*diil"rl"re J&-"a'working for BoSS or Military

il ili*k"" *it* tti settled in S-outh Africa but he was

ffifiv-t*tt"a bv Pretoria' He and I were the only

il'""*ii;" ," ue givin regular propaganda stories abstrt the'tvtot"mtiq"" National Reeiscarrce''

.,, ffi-;ilhd tt""; th; "training' photograpis 'n .TItc

C;tii-o" 18 August r 977, nd Joie Ramalho used three

" tT';;;-ff;;' -A'itlt*tv

Intelligence later took ttreir idea

#: ;;E;ifu "-v setiaine some of their Black trahees

* TtuCttizan, 18 August 1977'

,"bclLists,Mszrynbique,t$Sgleemtooperh0e.ifi ipdrl-'end-cary,6ut acrs of'sabotage bg{ryt Frelimo, A3'ttc t'ti*glr:I 'ls6s told that Pretoria expedd'drcee'stupid Bffis' to get,caught: cannon-fodder who, fut shot or capitued' by.Frelimo, would bear out the ltrudrl that the MozarrrblqueNational Resistance rnovement reelly existed. Brrt'Pletq0&,badly under-estimated those Bl*cks' Tltcy:not only Wni.mittid acts of sabotage but mgde contaet with,artd reeruitedseverat o(her discontents. Seizing on this; Pretciriscraltqd:-ferrying larjesuppties of arms and ammunition to tlrem.r{t:hideouts deep in the Mozambique bush. White advi* .:,

weresent regularly io bridnew recruitg who werF 61'p$j*rey would be given high positions in ttre McambiQgg

*;i

:.,':rl

itl5gg...i,!l\It&&Dgr,.&s.8o:r i.;': i .l .r,i ;i.,

' :,,Prefiofiarhd a \rery sln-ewd;'&orive'for hpping its MNR*r,ga ete* into an-alliance wi$ FUMO. The pl91r yqecMNR and FUMO wotd<l have applied to ttre UnitedN*i"ntt for observer stattxl, dsitnlng they were a genuine

''Black resistance movement' fighting for the liberation ofMozambique. Pretoria felt the decision to grant or refuse,glrch stanls would have pltrced the United Nations over aq

'eqharrassing political barf,el.. :'

Ttre Mozimbique National Resistance tnovelnent is stillattacking Frelimo soldiers and bases. In ttre fouryearssincer,it;wut ti, op it has cauied damage rn lvlozarrbique to the;tqae of more than {4o million.

:,Shortly after Rtrodeeia wcs_ taken over !v, RoUy:tMugabe's Black govcrnrnenr .and renarned Zimbabwe,. theMoiaruuiqtre,Nation Resistance movement extended itssabotaso,a;d disruption activities to that country also. .

Anpin r operatiop secretly backed by' :South Afiignmititaw lntelligence was a powerful transmitting statio-n

tnilin"citsef thJ'Voice of F'ree Mrical, which operated on*ri tieaium wav-e (3oom x 998kgz), Secretl based in.Uortati, Rhodesia, it broadcast violently alrti'Frelimo p*q-pagandi to listeners in Mozarnbique and constantly nrgrqgditrJ"mioiti"s of th-e, Mozambiqrre }lationl! Resistance. nThe

V.oise', was set pp with help frorn Pornrguese mplti-milionaue.Mr Jorge Jardim, who until the Fretrimo taks'over wa$ known as the lBusiness King of Mozambiquei.'. Mr Jardim, who owned the morning newspaper No ticias da' Beira and the weekly magazine African Vohe n Mozam-'bique bef,ore the take-over, was the front man used bySoirh African MIi in collaboroion with Rhodesials

tvlilttafy Intelligence, to covef,; up their' involvement withnltu MqLanUiqul Nattsnal Resistance movement' Thf .wls.dotre'qutte slevedy. MI leaked rumours to South Africa's.llUerat.press that Mr Jardim was the secret organizer and:'firtancialbacker of the MNR.,Because he was known to be

a tough right-winger'whoee newspaper empire had been

taken-oveiby the Frelimo govemment, Se liberal,pressbelieved the rumours and often tried to ob'tain interviorvs

MILITARY INTILLXGBNGB'SEGRETS . 59t

and sent thern to Angola for South Africals l$tilitary

with him when he made reguler trips to Pretoria frsm his,hoflreto€rdiein Blantyre, Makwi. But the5r'ilevc got him,Whenerrcr he booked into hotels lrc used the false nanreJ. Pereira. Only one 'liberal' iournalist obtained interviewswith ]orge Jardim and took plrotographs of him, and thatwas a trusted Pletoria propagandist nambd \Hinter. I waeassigned.to write stories in praise of the Voice of Free$frica radio programmes which were broddcast everynight' '

in Portuguese and several tribal dialects.Another man who was linked with Mr forge Jardim wus

Mr Leonel,Carlos Fereira. He is a businessrnan who"tlysta fornrne when he fled from Mozambique in 1974. fr[ib',',settled in Johannesburg and in ty76 set up a Pornrguelanguage newspaper cr.lled. Fopular. This is a vehicle forright;wing propaganda and is ,aimed at Johannesb'tirg"elarge Poituguese community. It is also a 'vehicle rfo(Military Intelligence propaganda. Mr Ferreira's Mf ''fbeclman' was Mr Ben du Preez, alias Ben Strauss, a& M.n.operative based in Poynton Buildings, Pretoria. Vhen Ifirst met Mr Ferreiia in ry77 he had a'plush office ou th$forty-seventh, floor of Johannesburg's prestige Carltcn':e,entre. The sign on the door said 'Dale Carnegie Sou&Africa Ltd'. Inside was a large room full of school'deskiand a blackboard. Mr Ferreira appaready had the Johanoes-burg franchise from Dale Carnegie of America, and his staffof teachers ga{e young Portuguese expensive lessons on'How To Win Friends And Influence People'. ' :

That classroom was used for other purposes at night. Itwas atrainingroom formercenaries, who swottedup ontlowto hate the 'Mosoow-backed' govefirm€qts of Angola andMozambique. Some of those ygung Pornrguese'ended upfighting as mercenaries in Angola. Similar lessons were givenat the (Institute Verneif in central Johannesburg. This wasa private college nin by a friend of Mr Ferreira's namedDr Antonio Ferronha. Dozens of Dr Ferrorrha's pupils alsoended up fighting as mercenaries in Angola. .," ]1,::i

The man who officially recruited all these merq$.l&

.' .Intdtbpnse wr* a Fo*queo6r,S&olixr€ddn alarg€ ho6sc ial*fryp'g} ruxury sanaiin-;;:-i;, r disffirer€dtnargcwaE a tbrmer PIDE ofrcer in mozamUique. He wasal*S,*r&o.nt nnan for_the-Gi A h $;rtfili*. rris number$lilofTller was.lTillgrrr &*k" .Frg Bil: J*dil;e;, rqu['a sqgany called.Imco in the maiq ofliae,bio.k;Sondton City Centre. -_. -' ,, Bg !il l&dan is worth a book on his own. lle was theh*a o{t}9 CIA,s speciat operationsii i".thif}G;Apemgrlel friend of General H. I. van Oen necgU, ni ;pF;;*.Iyfl:r^gf3q a.tracrorround HJ,s fann as away of, gscrng some tresh air jnto his lungs. But Big BillJora"n f"Ufoul of South African Militery. htatd;; il;d;; htgn l charge

_of iuegat.posoessid "e irms. i" octobor-rgil

Jgrdso vnas.kicked olt_o-f South efrica-filwau never dis-$ry.$,@ire *as:a c, { op"*tir,.- it" ir""ifr.i ttISy b *e pan who hetped t" -^t"*i"a fiit AIiiIJ;&\laston ot Angola in rgTS and arranged rnassive CIAahlifu of arrns anar ammunition to d dfr; rouunnesu.r.g&s,Sourh Africa?s we in the Angolarili;"" Aaother man who-ptea as i-;il;# for Sotr&African Military Intelligence

""d -;;;";;;.#;

*re ecor-romy of Mozambique uao rvrrffi nawara Bffi,a,{W,RAFglg, t'lo^ryg b"rn i"-il;d E d;ffi4BlO, Hesenl€d ln Soutrrrtrrica_in rg+o;d, dfiil&fr$.t" pjssffied the art

"f ;"t"1;6;fr;tus at night for

P,"f*1l.. ml:, :'g q"-.*: rvrr sa;* ;i"il"d- ;"*G 6;euuFry rhtelligeoce in 1974, when he owr.red a 7r-goda;{1qat Moamba in oe satiii ni."i" .il,ior"*6iq*. B;4!r, Eg.yas forced to flee ft"e Ad""rbique in rozdyhen Fegimo began t9 s9$!€cr hi-. A;;fil"il;d;'i;fg*111:*:I lAkk

-1i,"* r"uo*"o,i"*J irii,iil.EFsulguse. Itre talm was expropriated by Frelimo wheirhe left. ,

Aqoth"r .Urutary _ Intelligence operative who caused

Hg319 h?r* in Mozam6_iqoe *", u" iia""v d.J;n"torrrssey, wrro was Ty * Ireland in rgrg ana-seafJinso'th Africa in rgs8. ur rvrorrissey;-#; hfi..liLi;'

Mrr,lranv rNTsfLrcBNcs sBcRBrs . 5j3

:"neq wlren he fought as a Corporal in the Souttr AfricanAmry's second Bothas Regiment in the North A&ica cam_gygt. durilS the,Secsn4"Ipr'.rld V;;. rXffi l;;*;rt :Morrissey in ry76 he was rururing

" Mifit"ry hidfie#rront known as the .Friends of Mozambique and Arr*r"

grizens' organization' (F o MA eot;;}"ffi;h;; ffi%Pretoria chairman. This set-up ,"rr'* ."*o"t-;i'il;,.geto throughout Mozambiqui but was t"to ,lr"n r.a tlt\fr-elimo.Securitypolice. ,.,..,:,. ltr M9ryissey, who owneda palatial Spanish_type housein Pretoria's Herbert Baker Street, sJ "i;A;'Mtt#;rntelligence front organization caried the-southern erri*iAnti-Communist Organizxion (SAACO). at *r" ,"iltime he mastermindef, .v", *L*ri, M i ;;; ;;";;d;;as the Southern Aflilan Rhodesian i""go; iT;ffitpgth organizations pushed out vitrioii" propag*a"rds,;Mozambique and ran spy networks in Aneola.. -iVIr Morrissey cenainly n"a

""or, t" friit _*LO" potittcal

rnronnauon. At one stage he showed me aletter-he hadwritten to,president Mo6utu $es; i;k#ildr":ir ffi,, ,;Morissey warned president Mobutu ttrat"hrs countn,war,to. beinvaded by . Russian-backed fb*;;; ;;;;i;';;;:.*:o at toppling him. Mr Morrissey garre rni the names ofmree key aides who were plotting against presidentMobutrr. He was proved right ten,rio",fr-r-i"*"r;;;;-c9up

was- a,tternpted; all three aides were executed byMobutu. Morrissey later let me disclose ro*" oittis-ia"* ,story.* He also leaked several viciousty antl_fretmo ,io** ., ,

to-me which r wrote for The cit;ziklsro "ia-r'lrrlr"=

,Yet another Briton who spied for soutf, efric* ffin*

Intelligence was Mr percy Cleaver, "

o"U_t"o*.televisioncamer,rman who,was b":q |1 Grimsby, England, in n_li-j.$ t1m* captain in the British a"*V *t o-fr"la *orrcA

"s "irnre[rgence assessor during the Second World War, hesenled in South Afrie in r$7 and was G"Hy ;;"r"tlua ii,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,. ,

, ,

Yr p spy in various prru 6rbu"r Afi.ilil i"-T;;;#,ryrr

_L;reavef, was caught red_handed taking ptrotog"abhf bf* The Oitizen, t7 lvlatah tg77. -

,'. .l- --

t#{ {"n$Aii}'Sr:Bg8$t"::'r; . :''r,;: , ,;11 ,i ':' r.,;',

*rategic mitiery iostalhtiffi in tho Tanzaniaa capital ofDar es Sslsan aad, afte*b:co,q@d to work-irlB:for $outhAeigm Mili@y InteUigeoce, was iailcd for three years.one4donrye,.*rges. Vrhetr;Fltased fron iarl on 19 Augustrg75, Mi Cleaver flew back,to'his home in Johannesburg.Ody one reporter in South Africa was given permission tointerview him. I was thet reporter aad, for obvigus reasons,I rnaote a story denying that he had wer been a spy forSouth Africa.* :

The most bewildering Militqry Intelligence agent I knewwm,Carel Birkby, who is a legend in South African iournal-.ism. The former military correapmdent of t&eJohannes'bwg Sunday Timesthe went on to write for the govef;runent-funded To Tlu Point.mryaaiae. He's a nice chap. Hatesapartheid. I.oethfs the Afrikaperl yet.works for the militaryboyr. beeause.he believes they'are gentlernen of the old$chool and should really rule South Africa instead of theNgionalbts.

.'€grel was a elose fri€nd of Alerrasd€f,'Sandy' Fraser, a$cqt who was known to.all iournalists as Jarnes MacBond -bocatrse werytody knew he was an agent for MilitaryIntelligsnce. He openly adrnitted it. And paradoxically, this,elrsed him to gather muctr iqforaation f,rorn iournalisiswhCI.h6d. ax€s to grind against others. It takes all sorts tomke an intelligence world.. Afted Forces, a privately published monthly magazine'is aimed at-the youth of South Africa, It glorifies the SouthA&ican DElence Force snd constantly publishes photo-ggaphs of'Russiao-made' weapons used by captured Black&cedsm fighters. The magazine deals with all aspects'ofmilitary warfare and arms and amsrunition- BaePd ioSwygens Road, fohannesburg the magazine is yet anotherpopagande v,ehicle secretly funded in various ways bySotrth African Military Intelligence., The editorr Mr Peter Mclnteeh' has.been a frimd of

nine for **y 1'"t"t. He's a ctrarrring and witty man who,

naradosicaUh loathes and detests ttre policy of'apartheid.* Johnonesburg Sadalt Exgresso a4 AWwt rq75.

Itrb*idoq ;tlff bscausg it ls&sws' $6;9 ::lslersrlt-.dttr;reF tmaeters ia,Pretqib can beqlheu it suits *rern.

Another front organizatiou,, rsed,by South,,&friffiMilitary Intelligencc is the tChristian League of SouMAfrica!, mentioned in &eprwious chapter: But h€r6thss -

is another strange link .lVh€n,the Christian League fif*started operating it tied up with *re right-wing rp[64ugp1', '

Christian Grdup' (RCG) whictr'rf,s secretly funrcled dndmanipr,rlated by Rtrodesian intelligurre.

Since the early r97os the Rhodesian Chdstian CnEirphas been headed by Father Arttrur Lewis, a forrner Senamr ,

in Rhodesia and a vociferous defender of that aountry. -

Father Lewis has toured the world giving lecrures in supgin, ' '

of Ian Smfth's regime and, being a man of 6d, Fat@I-ewisalways attacks C,ommunism whererrer and wheneverpossible. : '' I

BOSS told me to give Father Lerris wlutever suppolt I ,

oould at all tirnes and I received,his publicity hand-ouB;fr*.,several years. They were grostly sent to me by {attrm,ftirdbfrom PO Box r7o, Rusape, Rhodesia, but quite often also:from one of his friends'named \[/ingar€, who lived atLongleys, Meigle, in Perthshbe, Scotland. Mr WingEremsywell be shocke#to learn that Father I-cn'is was rsed andfunded by Rhodesian intelligence in league with:SouthAfrican Military Intelligence.

The sarne apptes to Colonel fnnes, the ctrailmqn of thcrScottish Friends of Rhodesia'. Father Lewis also used thcC;olonel's address, Tulchan, Glenalmondr, Per*rshire, tosend out vitriolic rtacks on 'Robert Mugabe's temotisigt ,

and'world Marxism'.I still have one of the missives Father Lewis sent to lne

from Colonel Innes's address. Dated July 1978, Fa*rerLewis wrote in ir that he had fust renrmed from a six-werkvisit toBritainwhere he had intended to lecrure in favour dRhodesia. * ";,::

. He said hundreds of people had wanted to listen to,Affiibtrt,thst 'a fen' dozen assorted leftist clowns stagd;',themost astounding. circus,.howling. obsceldties at :a6. ..'

.. :

566-' .rNSISg'ifO&$l''.,, .1.'i..,r .,' .., :,1,,

Father Lerflis stated that British newspapers had used head-lines scneaming 'Apartheid Priest in Canrbridge', and adcfirand for his deportatiion had even been made in theBr.itish Parliament.

) ,,i',Sut, added Father Lewis" Scotland Yard Special Branchmen,had been very decent,torvarde him and to th€rn'I givea,bouquet for courtesy.' ,

Rhodesiari intelligence until Mr Robert Mugabe and hisBlack government took over the country.

.' ,One Rhodesian intelligence front organization was,{Verlin Associates', later rena,med,''Lilr MetrSnel Associates',which operated as a public rdations firm in the Rhodesianeapital, Salisbtrry. ,

This set'up was run,by a v€ry bright woman named LinMrhmcl who acted as a secret propaganda outlet for theRhdesian govemment. She also had excellent contact with$bu& Af,rican Military Intelligence and her best propa-ganda cofltact in Soutli Africanl igurnalism was MiJs AidaFerker., Aida, in my opinion, is the finest intelligence operative

and propagandist South Africa ever had. I worked withheron:several secret missione'whett we were both employed byTfu,Ahism and liked her trernendously,

"' ,'IvIy liking had nothing to do with politics. She's fifiy-five,charming and refined. A woman of means, she lives in a

house fulI of antiques in Auckland Park, Johannesburg,and,never spie{ for money. She considers herself a South.A,frican paqriot. She would wi[ingly die for the country'although, paradoxically, she dislikes some of the pettinessof the apartheid systeln. She treats her Black servants wellaud eonsiders herself a mixture of conservative and liberal.But say anything antagonistic about South Africa or itsgovernment and she becomes a fire-belching dragon.' A personal friend of the forrner South African PremierDr Hendrik Verwoerd, and one of his tame propagandistsevm in those days, Aida worked for South African Military'Intellig€nce for many years. She operated in many Black

, MrLlrAFy TNTELLTGBNcBi $Bcngfrsr.. jt7 .

African csuntries and also vieired Russia and China onspecial fact-finding tours., She,ie a ,close frieod of SouthA&ie's Premier, Mr P. V. Bertlra" and knew him, well whenhe was the Minister of Defence.

In mid-r977 Mr Botha and his Military Intelligeaeeorperts leaked a vast amount of documented infor,mation t6',iAida Parker on the subiect of CIA intervention in Soutl,African affairs. Vhen Aida returnsd to the offices of TluCitisen she asked meto help her sift through all the docu-ments so that she could unite a series'of stories attacleing,theC4A. The two of us worked together for more triq a'-olth cgmpiling this sedes, which appearedn.Tha Aitdgenunder the heading 'The Secret US War Agsinst,sobth .

Af,rica'. To help Aida I slotted in secret information.fmmBO S S files on various people, and later the series appearedin the form of a thin paperback. At the time, I knew that.Aida had obtained most of her information from Mr P. W.Botha and his Military Intelligence men, but I did nst k,not ,

Mr Botha's hidden motive - to bring dorrn premi*Vorster and H. J. van den Bergh.

General Van Den Bergh alwqys had a good relationslipwith the CIA, and when he formed bOSS this waesffenglhened to the point where the CIA, after doing sornevery big favours for BOSS, began telling South Africawhat the American government wanted it to do. WhenH. J. van den Bergh and Premier John Vorster did as they, r

were told, the extreme right-wingers in government wereappalled. They started a rebellion, claiming that Vorcterand Van Den Bergh were just'ClA-dominated tittens wtowere suckling at the teats of that political hyena Honry'Kissinger'.

The most vociferous opponent of H. J. van den Berghand John Vorster was Defence Minister P. W. Botha. Hehad always warned Hj ttrat the CIA would eventuallydoublecross South Africa, and his warning proved trugwhen the CIA pushed South Aftica into Jending trogixq:,',:into Angola during the civil war there. Botha got,lrrud-lfr}i:over his, face when the CIA's interventio,n in Angola

-,$s"tl.r:r,b*tsos$ , ,,;' rurnet{trinto a.nas@ "ie&dlie C f* wttnerum; te*rnAg South.,Ali{co',o te&e mo$ ofr$.blerre.

There was another r6on why Bottra resented H. I. rran' dieer Bergh. \Shen Hj came to power as the head of gOSS,snd Souttl Africa's intcffigence overlord; Military trntelli-ffnT.ys n119nga aoq into second place. And nobody in*he military liked that. ?he top men in Military Intefligenceregarded th€rnselves as lnon-political purists, who werJonlyit!6r6t6d in vital manerc of aefenoe. They despised VaiDen B€rgh's men as little peeping tottrs *ito crept roundlookiry for people who disagreed with apartheia or Wfrites

, fc&o sl€pt with Blacks. ena -to rome r*ttitt tlney wete tigt t

' I Wtien Mr P. W. Botharltetill.Ebout the serrer proieclsmqrnted by BOSS in collwion with the Oepartrneit ofInfomation, he got ssne of hie top Military Intelligence:nuF to *iount a careful probe into various aspects ofihese,pryiats. Armed with ali Ois innrmation h"lr"r ttrat thetime had come for him to get his own tiack on Vorster andVan-Den Bergh and brin! himself.to pow"t at tfre-sanitime.

That is why P. W. Botha had leaked all that informationto Aida Parker about the CIA's secret war againsr SouttrAfrica. It prepared the ground for his next move, which wasS*:slow but sure- leaking of information to South Africa'stlberal press about the Departrrent of Information,s secretFroiects. The notorious 'Irtfo Seandal'was born. Generalg. I, van den Bergh and Premier John Vorster weretoppled and, because he had known in advance what wasgoing to happen, Mr P. V. Botha enierged frorn thcCommission of Inquiry into Information Oepaitmerrt41alp14ctices with hands as white as snow. -:" 1

rrillir.is surmningup the Commission of Inquiry found *ratMr Botha?s hands were 'clean in every iespic and hicintegrity remains unblemished for'his deattast( as primeMinister'. Yes, eractly as he had planned; the Honourable$[r Pieter $rilem tsotha became the prime Minister of thiRepublic of South Africa. That was ttte rewatJ foiA;-*;who was South Africa's real 'deepthroat'.

4' AN EYE FOR AN EYE

.,,,n::li,

Whea he gave evidence before the Erasmus Comrnibsion t$,,Inquiry into Information Departmegt irregularities, Generii.tH. J. van den Bergh artrniftgd that he fIt entiUia to kin.{ar,fgous undeiground Communists who posed a threarlt{thl Souih African gover,nmenr but who could not t6l,,rought before a corrt of law.

'I can tell you here today, not for youf records, Uut I cantell you I have enough men to commit murder if i tell themto kill .. I do not care who the prey is, or how importantthey are. Those are the kiridof mbn i ft*e. And tf I w*teeto do something like that to prorect the securigy df,the $uter ,

nobody would stop me. I would stop at nothing.'Smiling at the three:man Comqrission tre added gar-

castically: 'But that is such a agrrrqging dmission that, mydear honourable gentlernen, for ire-sake of the'SirutflAfrican government, you will be cqmpe[ed to omit it fromyour findings.'

HJ was right. The Commission watered down the -eqm-ment to 'He told the Commission arrogantly that if hewanted to do something, nobody would stop him and.that ,

he would stop at nothing.' The only other mention of thissubject that the Commission made in its report was thatHJ had atso admitted 'being in charge of a fo'rmiaable net- i

ryork of agents whose qualities he described in sinister -.:.tetmst.

HJ told me about his shock admission to the Commissiouyherr my wife and I spent. the afternoon on his zgp-acrefpnn near Pretoria one Saturaay in March ry79.Itian" runo surprise. I had known about the BOSS killer squad, the'Z-Squad', for a long time. But even today "othidh;6#written about it in the South African press. I AouUt ni*ffi;know any details about it, but even if they do, nothing"ffi

INSIDB, 8OS'$.

be published" Il:g lop de"r"t, an oficial secret qrhich i?{G,under,the Ofrcid Secrets Act.

. ip*t from that there is a new Act, called the 'PoliceAg!'i which was passed by parliament in June 1979. This'prohibits publication of any 'untruth' about the policeunless there are'reasonable grounds'for believing it to betrue. fjke the Prisons Act, it places on the'publisher theonus ofproving that the required reasonable groun{s o<ist.

Ofences are punishable by a fine of up to f,5,ooo andimprisonment for up to five years. Or both: What it bqilsdown to is that, in the same wey as the Prigons Act hasstopped any disclosure of bad conditions:in South Africa?sprisons, the Police Act effectively eliminates publication ofany report which migtrt put the South African police forcein-a bad light. It is yet another strong link in the lengthychain- *rat shackles the South African press.: "The Z-Squad was formed in the lste r96os. The idea wasp rt into H. f. van den Bergh's mind when a fire-bomb wasttr?own through the Soweto home of a Black spy who hadgiven evidence against two mernbers of the African \ationaleongpss. The Security Police were on the scene first andwere later joined by members of Johannesburg's fearedMruder and Robbery Squad. One of the Murder andRgbbery Squad men told the Security Police that he had agqd idea who had thrown the bomb; he believed it was aBlack gangster who lived about three miles away.

I do not know the name of the Murder Squad man, so Iwill call him 'Mr P'. Later that night he went to the ho?neof the Blagk gangster, sneaked into tris bedropm an{ shothim dead as he lay asleep in bed. To make this murderappsgr to be a lawful case of 'self'defence', Mr P placed astblen gun in the dead man's hand and shot'four or fivebullets at the doorway, using the dead man's finger to pullthe trigger. Mr P then returned to base and filed a reportstating that he ha{ gone to thegangster's horne, 'acting oninf,ormation received', and had been met by a hail of bulletsas he edtered the room. He had fned back to save his life.

His statement fitted in perfectly with the evidence found

1t the,ryle by orhermerrbem of.the Murder and Robbery!q*d. The gangster's fingerprirts were on ttre guo. He hsadefinitdy fired ig because forensictests ehowed-that miEute'flashbackl gunpowder partic;hs were fouad on hb fu"a,aqn and b,e$do&es. No pr*lem The Security Folice l*relrotherwise, but they did not do anything aboutit, apart &se-,telling H. J. van den 89ryh. ,..'

r

_ ' There's nothing wrong with that , he said. . They kilt our

cha_ps,, so why shouldn't we kill theirs? ft's an eye fur ancSrer,and the Bible says that's all right' ,

:, That nuy sound straqgG to overseas ears, br$ SsS

Africaqs will immediately :undierstand. Lrike:ms6t God*e3ring Aftikaners, LIJ was, fond of using his gibleta$ sa; .,

ex€use; If the Bible is read r'gqr carefirlly by peoph tookingfor G;icuses they can make cutEin phrases mesn wfrat tUdwant them to m€m. For instance, one Of ttre A&ikao€r'ifavoruitc sayingc is that itis.oalyright theWhitbmn*r shmrldbe superiorn and that thE.Black man is there to do all..tbahaqd and dirry work Ask him why hebeliwes this md.bwill alnrost 'certaiaty tell you it's in tho Bible. W.h€rci ,rr ,l;;

- 'fuh, mano that part where it tells how the inferior peopleshould be hewers of wpod and dnw.ers,of weter.,t - ,.i,,,

I have not related this famous South African anecdote in1n effort ! denigrate the Afrikaner and his genuine re{igiousfervo.ur. Oa the contrary, I want to make somethiog.vu"yclear. I never had ameal at any Afrikaner,s homc wh& fullGrace or thanl$ to Qod was not said. And an Afrikancry1lout a Bible in his home is a great rarity. But thc .

Afrikaner has some kind of nrer*al btrsck when it oomes topassingor his loveof God to his fellowqan. He Oin*qXOhis blood, not his brain. As he sits saying Grace at a.tahleoverloaded with good food, Nellie the Black maid is sitricgin the kitchen eating her 'mealie pap' (maize meal) from hJgwn privatetin plate nnd drinkingtea fio,m her owntinmug"rIt's an old dfrikaner tradition, basd on that strange ocui.'that Black servants have their own distincrive cup aoC otrdbecar,rse 'their germs ar€ stronger than,ours, you tino*.:the

* Tbe dGlcendaos of l{arn Ossbur g.2r).

g6a . txsron BosB

cartoonfig're gf the old b€arded Afrikaner fanner holdinea trtbls T-ofle hand and a whip in the other as he watchdoq/er the Blacks working in his fields is no joke. Suafv, i*

"fftoo true. In many t*"io"o oi-souir, Anil'.d;?il;rafrher goes to church with all his Black.workers everySund3V. H9's a very religious man, and rt",

"U sinE hvmni

tqgether: the farmer inside the c*rurch, wittr aU tf,e otherlhitg, and the Btacks,ui.iJ.; frrrffylfrigr"S away on thedrurch steps.

I once-asled Hl during a private interview whether Godapproved of s-pyr1g. Vithout btinking an eyelid he th";seJg€l elamples from the Bib.le at me-oyou know the stonrof Rahab, who gave inforniation

"na a.sirtan;;-A;

1[Td.:""1V f91ce an! -tne1

named her price to ]ostrua,namety that her life and the lives of her famity Ue,pareJ..And what about the house of Jos.pt, *t u-r"ui";#idiliof the city of Bethef an outrijrri;It" f";hilt"fb;ffi;t"{i"g "Sherr us, we poy tt!g, td d;;"" into the citvsnd we shall shew thee mercy". And isn't the whole storyof,Esrh€r an account of a classic "*i uiionn

"tio" i"it;e

penetration of the royal rr""ri of-afr*;;;tAd;;#;T1.g loof up hoy.' noim by point, Moses "*"tu[i6.ti;iout his orders to his spies, in Numben ,3, to ,.G"i'y".rp$it',wal southward

"ia go ;t il;A;,il""tain and see

Sg t Fa, yhat it is, anditre ieople trr"ra*.ii"rt -d.i;:W:hetherthelzare strong orweak, it w or**y, ana wfrat ttre

m*:,',,*" they dwef rn, whethei t"-.e#;;'ti;;;:

.', HJ paused t9 Set full effect. .And you know the story ofhorv, upon their return, they w-ere ,"Ul."t"A t" aeUrLniJjhgy tUuV differed in their Lvaluation'of tf," n"JffiTdwhlch interpretation was acted upos.i

-- -''- D-uring another interview HJ insisted that ftll ctedit forthe,Bureau's successes shixlld go to at.c oanWlrn ilTv1il;'Qeldenhuysr.who were two of:triS t"p *"r*:t"

"d;J thdAaron and Hur.

.__lTT i*tot.pull an.ox-waggon by himself, said H].'t:ven Moses could not always manage on his own. When

- .i .AN BYB TBQE, ^*

syp .. S6g

the Israelites earne up agains Arrl&lek and Moses stood ontop of, a hill with the rod of God in his hand he nesded$apn and Hur to hold up his rryeary.arms uotil sunseC,wiGJostrua .{iscomfited amatet< a"A nii peopte witfr ,t; "+;;drg sword. Alec is my.Aalon ena MitJ iu *1, ff*. e6A,iha-y-e-people who are i,iu-s.o

".utG-iOg" ofttn" swra--*

well.'I Yes, the Afrikaner gtainly $tows his Bible. Usmg tLebiblical '"y9 fo" * eye' sayini, Hjf"*r.d rhe team ofmenknown-as the Z-Squad - men who were willsg to Us-e iheedge of the sword for him, There were five of t[em. and. atfirst, they only killed Blacks, those .hewe;;;"d;;$awer_s _of water, who dared to stand up and agitatu fcrbOSerjgUs_ and better living condition, Oi tt ernrfrr"l-.nOother Blacks.

One victim was Mr Abraham Tiro, lie ,"."#d u,oo*l$rough the post on r February ry74 at the St Jd;h,s$o*sn Catholic Mission ut fnuii:""ur' CuU""o#,m ,Botswana. It exploded as he opened it, and he was.kig€dinstantly. The_ Botswana govemment isp.tred u, rtnternB*e6pressiqg its horror at the brutal rnurder anA pointeOlvadding that Ml Tiro had .incurred the deep dispieasure ofcertain powerful circles in South Africa'. '

l

^ Tlir.ryT t1u9,In ry72 Mt Tiro had been expelled from

South Africa's Black.Univemity of the North, for agitatingon _cqnpus against apartheid. This caused mass walk.outland other forms of protest rhere and at other Black s;"d6learning. In pn Mr Tiro was expelled from a teachingpo$tat a.Soweto high,school for,the same fgasqn. He theiiHqodup-to be counted and became a leading figure in the militantp{ ygtl-organized South l\frican Siudents' Organization(SASO) which frightened the life out of S-outtr AfticanlVhites.

Mr Tiro fled from,south Africa in September r973,;iugtin time to avoid a warrant issued for his arrest. s,ittf{ni-i"Botswana, he started tralung Blacks who would

";*nfiryreturn to -S.gptl Africa for underground activities., fsgtti

why they killed him.

-:

l$6+.'r"rryss6b gbss

.,,, Tho,?F8{Fisd hsd',Hltthe-biffi -tu

ilF Ttro;.S.B{SSag€dog*ing in Swioerland hrld td<en the wrappingfrome old=percel which:trfu[ been postedin &neva']lot ths,:Srr*atiqrel-University--E:rchange Fund (IUEf). This:ntpprp111gr1v6s carefullyseiled round the piirtel bomb sentito'Mr Tiio Mr Tiro s/s,not suspiciorre when he reccived

' the parcel. Seeing from the stamp imprint and the label that.fttarle f"rom the IUEF, a body he knew to tt€ will disposedrtowsde dre struggle for Black fuedom in Sonr*r Africa, heopened it. Tlhat act of faith killed him.-Eleven

days later, on rz Febnrary r9?4, another Black, iknown as John Dube recei+pd'e ddred at his office inLusaka, Zalnr:dciia. He di&l; irrstantly when the parctlexptoded es he op(rnd;'la Slis natne w€s not really JohnDube, He was lBoy' Mve'nrve, the son of Mr Douglits,Mvgrrvgn:one of the men acquitted in the \Winnie Mandela',ffij'Boy Mvernve had formerly lived in tohanrresburg's.rBlack,township of Alenandra. Fle was one of the founderrfii€mbcrs of tie ANC's 'Spear of the Nation' sabotage

"group and fled frorn South Africa when he realized that the'Sirurity edice knew about him planting bombe outside firclohannesburg post offices.

H. J. van den Bergh ould not rcsist cracking aioke aboutBoy trUv€rn$e being blovm up in Zambia. 'I think it is

':gtietie iustice that we got this mad post-office bomber with

{ brnb sent through the mail from his local post office.'From that remark I realiZed the bomb had been posted in.Lusaka;hnbia, and not from overseas, as press reportsclairned. The Z-Squad is widely travelled.

Several other Blacks died opening parcel bombs, inctu&ingthe fotmer president of Frelirno, Dr Edtrardo Mondluri,in Tanzania in r9@, and Matt Chitenda, at Frelimo's officein Lusaka, Zambia, in r97r. HJ alleged that Mondlane had;beerr assassinated by the Pornrguese PIDE.:', . In : its spare- time South Africab' Z-Squad also terrorized,t$o{vn oppon€nts of apanheid inside South Africa. Many:of-trheqesneak attacks were blamed on 'Scorpio?, asecretand extrerne right-wing group in South Africa - sctret to

I

AN 8Y8,ru.AN tYr - 56t

thegrhlic b€gause &c pote try eeir ha{dest n* to.catchthem. Like me ft€y probably rcalized that rome of thepetty attacks wcre made by enthusiastic Security Policeoperatives who like to do a bit.of work when off.duly"Sine tlie early r96os there have been r,6oo recordd in-cidenu of rtght-wing intimidation and violence to pcop&andproperty :, - ,,::,

The worst case I have knowledge'of was that,of DrRichard Turner, a lecturer in political science at theUnivetsity of Natal He was an outspokerr critic of apartheidand made this very clear when he lectured to his srudenb;That's 'disserninating Commurism', said Pretoria, md bFebruary 1973 they banned and restricted him.

In November ry76 Dr Turner was awarded a }luncboldtFellowship, one of the wodd's leading acadeinic awmds,made solely for post-doctoral study. I$(rhen he cpplied forpermission from Pretoria to travel to Germany to take upthe fellowship, tre was refused.

Thirteen months larer Dr Turner.made a telephq[e cdlfrom his home and asked a relative to give him the pakpontsfor his rwo ctrildren as he intended sending them awayf,oraholiday. I know for a fact that this call was bugged by theSecurity Police and'someone in security wrongly deduce.dthat Dr Turner intended fleeing from South Africa.'Hewassubjected to massive harassment and then, seven dayslater, on 8 January 1978, Dr Turner was shot dead in hishome by an unknown sniper.

I investigated this case, and two rrcry important aspectsstruck me. Six neighbours said they had heard the shotthrtkilled Dr Turner. Yet not one of them was interviewed bythe police. Not one of them. fn fact, the police did not evenbother to interview any of Dt Turner's

Sforse still, the Solice did not bother to call out its superb,track€f, dogs in an attempt to follow the trail left,by the.assassin, which is normal polie procedure. Theso tglgiroddities may not h strong evidence in a court of lawirftr*li:they told nre one thing. The polie cleally did uoqqd&-focatch ttre killer. It really is incrediUle" ., l

EIfSID'E :3.'O$S i:.r',r

: On r I May.,rg73; the:?*-Squad.blew up the printing pressoJ rhe @Varnbo-Kavafto Lutherari Church- at Onipa,in$lrth t$et Africa (Namtbia). The press printed the newe-pary.Qnuukwetu, which was fiercely critical of the SouthA&ican goverirment. f rheard that this attack was madebecause a group of Lutheran Church leaders had metPrernier John Vorster about one week-earlier and duringtheir discusoions with him, had beerr cheeky enough ticriticize the 'abominable system of apartheid;, -; ln ry76 two of the Z-Squad liillers were seriouslyiniured while making some kind of midnight atrack. k walrthen that H. J. van den Bergh decided:to recruit new rnen.He o:dered an exhaustive check on members of the Recon-naissance Commando unit formed by Army chief MagnusMalan the previous Year. Psychological and other tests werecamied out on all the members of this tough unit, and these$ea*y showed which were 'born killers, who would notsuffer remorse about killing civilians. The two best recrultsyery thgn secretly drafted into 'part-time, work - in theZ-Squad., Black men are still dying mysteriously in various parts ofSouthern Africa. They are all famous opponents of ttrePretoria regime.

On e9 April r98o Mr Matheus Elago died in South WestA,f,rica when a bomb orploded under his car.'rOn 14 Marctr r98o Mr David Sheehama was murderedin his South West Africa home in front of his children. Hiswife was shot three times but survived. Their-house wasalso burnt down.

Two days eadier, on rz March, another local narned MrEliakim Shimi parked his. car in a differedt place, for thefirot time, when he arrived home after dark. Early the nextmorning children found a cunningly hidden landrnineburied in the sand oractly at the spot'where he normallyparked hiS car. Demolition experts- carefully dug out thelandmine and found some very familiar markings on it.Thele was absolutely no doubt about it. The tanaminebelonged to the South African Defence Force.

\

. Thoeis only one anos,er 1qthEseli&ikarcrs iryho belierrc$ q" billical saylng .an eye,for

"" .$d;j Ir "p;"s*-i;p.T-@, L;hapter 20, vette tj;-.&nd saj,s: r.rfhdU shalt,ttroi.

kill.,

. , " .""'L'

.. ,1.,*;:: .;,'- .:.-,j

.. -i.,:.ii :

r.i':',r'ir r:' '

42 st[$ AND #tscfs

,'Tq the south-east ofPretoria there is a large farm knourn as

Rietvbi. Access is along a small dusty track well of the,rnain road. It looks innocent enough, but it is a secret

BOSS eomplex where top BOSS operatives live !{-ore.beigg posted to other areas or qfter they have returnedfrgrn,long gtints overseas and have not had time to settle into anew.hsme.

The fa{m hsp anoths'use - trai{ing Black agents whosemain target io to infi ltrate the ranks of Black liberation move-mstrE iE oth€t ountries. It began in 1963, and the man wfro$Et $tafted the taining thera was Colonel Att Sp€ngler'

CUas Ur, Canrpbell. Later, his iob ryas taken over by a nanespad Anderson, i

.,.,. To,rule out possible betrayal by fellow agents, -the Blackrqp,ics are trained individually. This idea was pinched frorrBri1iqh intelligence's tried and trusted 'monastic cell'fletbod, The Blacks are catefirlly chosen and then put

'lhrsgh sonlg vefy ingenious loyalty tests. Vhen BOSS isSi$sd, the me,n af,e taught Cotrununist theory so that theyen pose as leftists. After training they are let loose and toldto irrfiltrate liberal circles inside South Africa so 1lr"t,t"Icag gain use{rl contacts as well as orperience in the field.To give them$elievable cover some of thenr are harassgd,deta,ined 4nd sometimes iailed for short periods on Pags

,L,aw or ottrer niaor ofengeqn Once in icil they are sline-94

in*g the same section, often the same prison cell, as Blacksknown ts be politically active and well connected. This gives

,thcrn more experience and those all-important contactsoutside the iail.

Vhen BOSS is satisfied that the agents have erected a

:gq,od relatioqship in anti-government circles, they are told,to,flee from South A&ica qnder their own steam and

illegally.'They arc proiniseii h Srorooo'bonus *h€n tieyeventually return to South Africs" They are atso assuredthat if they iome to any harrn while spying overseas theirparents or relatives will be well,looked after., . r.. ,' I

,

, Some of those Black spies did extremely rvell. The fedrtipersecution they zuffered wtrile in South Africa led thern tobe accepted by various liberation groups, and they were sentfor guerrilla training in diftrentparts of Africa, AIguiA;Rucsia, ehiha'and-even,Cuba, Eventually some of themleturrred to South Africa in secret along With groups ofgenuine guerrillas with the aim of committipg acts o'fsabotage itrside' the country,or sdtting up activist groupqunderground. But, being spies, they betrayed all their.cofri:rades, who were artested by the Souttr- African seeruitypervices. : . '

Wheri Slhite silies return to:Sornh A,&ica after wortingoverseai they get the red-Caipet uiebuaent. Lil€ Mr CraigVilliamson, the BOSS agent who infiItrated the Int*natioqal University Exchqnge Fund (I UE F)i a liboral$j& ; ;based in $wiserldnii iryhich, bpbraresi, htrmanitai'iatl,,gdbifier pmiects for deserving Bls€kb iri Sou& Afric&. Agtatll(/illiamson 'did so'well'that he rosd;torbe the dgmydirector, in iriitiral control of the IUEF's anti.aparthOidcontacts in South Africar.W'hen he,was elrposed ndd,ffodback to Pretoria in lbnuary rg8o he,was hailed by,tttegoverrimcnt press as {Our llerot. '] , .r:rr*,.: It's'not like that when a Black spy retrms to SorthAfrica;' Never in the'history of,that country .has,a, Ble* I

agent been given public recognition or ae€olsde$u,.iftbreason is simple. Pretoria carurbt admit that Blacks are ascleve& orras brave, ds Whites. k iust wotrld not fit tn siththe \tr(Ihite Sufremacy lrnage. '

u7hen Blacks return they.usually end up standing in thewitness box as $tEte,witndsses giving evidence against the, :

comrades they betrayed. Their story is always the,lqam*r ,,

'I was a genuine runaway flrorn apartheid because f tha{lfu"it was a bad system. Iffhen I got 'o'verseas I fell,irttoitlteelutches:of r$(/hite Commtrnists who taught'me to:be a

tir ;,.:iti;r..t.

f*1'l:l:'L',,i.{- l r.i;' i;i;1i1.,

:i'5i|$'', tffglpg [i6Es.,'':.' I

"

,teriori*; tr ercqtdagy rea$sod fu thct urcrc wrong and' thi*t'Hs6k*'wrro treated beM in South Af,rft:a:thaa in nrcbtct$6eas curntrie. That is why I acr giving evideoeagainst my friends toda5r: They are emmunist dupes butbdil don't nealize it.' . . ',

This 'I became diseoc-trmtcd with C,ommunisn' tacticb'always good propaganda for the South African govern-upt! and,helps to cem€,nt'the vote of tho,se Vhites who likearld'need sonstant reassuran@ that dreir privileged way ofrliferieroot likely to be taken away by those revoltiug Black*ud,T alotucionaty Reds.,.,,The African National Congpcarsooo:becime aware ofttiis ploy and erected security'meCIuirs to stop Black'spiesinfiltrating their ftnhs; lflherc'secudtlt mea$res in ttunbecame,knoqrn to BOSS. A renrming Black spy who hedberq molly shunnbd in London and failed utterly as'anifrbmetion gathser told BO S S that all politicatly lnvolvedpcopb ffeeing from Sornh Africa, porti$larly Blacks, wene

Utirgneoity vetted on tbeir arrival in London by MrAbdulMinqy r of t*re Bdtish Anti-Apar'theid Movement' .tr.ti Minty, hirrself a South African exile, appareotlydidhis vctting work well. Pretoria told me hehad sueceeded ktrooting,out ceveral 61'sur 'sg€ats; BOSS retaliated byrrr*fug its'Bla{k ag€nts rmdergo intcnsive Abdul Minty.r*re qie$tion-an&answ€q interrogation sessioos-before they

'rstre,sent, overseas. But Abdul Minty and the African$htionat Congress men in'Lsndom still managed to'f,oot'tbem otrt and bounce them back. It's like a never-endingping pong game.-; In ea.rly 1973'BOSS told me that British l-abour MFJarnee,'spycateher' Wellbeloved had built up a dmsier oaF$e{oria's Black epies in England. I *',as assigned to inter-viarrrlVellbetoved to see if I cauld wheedle some of thetrames out of hirn. No go. I tried hard' but Wellbeloveddearty had wperience as an intelligence officer. There was

m dciubt in my mind wtratsoever on that score; he was welleEcred to deoeption. All he gave me was a story I had tsprint u,trerwise f would have given,theg$ne sway es tothe

gtrT$i,AtripD F,T.ECES .' gVr ,.real reason for approaching him, It was a good story, butBOSS,didn't like it one litakl',biq It was headtrined .SA ,

Blacks Spying In United Kingdom' (says I-abour MP).tYes, he's very cute, is spycatcher Wellbeloved

:j....

Intelligence work can be very dariranding for the desk rnen,at BO S S headquarters in Pretoria. There, every year, theyassign one of the top men in each seetion to write a book onsome aspect of their particular sphere. These ard referetce:books strictly for use inside BdSS headquarters and arenot supposed to leave the building. But over the years Imanaged to slip one out now and again until I had

-quite {

collection.One of the books was wdtten by BOS,S operative,ffir

Mostert. 'It is an in-depth and concise breakdown of the'African Resistance Movement' (ARM), a group of WhiE,intellectuals and students who mounted .no-lssg-of-1if,€f.1 ,.,

sabotage attacks against electricity pylons and government.installations n ry62 as a protest against apaftheid, EnritttrttrARM the book traces the formation of the gloupr'itemizoe.every bombing it commimed, and lists *t ttri k6\,nn minrrbers and their codenames. Certain top-sectet detailsiaad,documents mentioned in this and a sister book show irhatPretoria received high-grade information from Britishintelligence about ARM leaders such as John Lang aridMonty Berman, who later fled to Britain, as did RandolphrVigne and a mysterious character known as Robert Watson; .

a forrrer British anny man and an explosives expert. .

BOSS commissioned this book because it was quite s*is-fied that the ARM was fo_rmedi funded and propagandizedin South Africa by the CIA.

Another BOSS book in my possession is the NesuAfrican, an astonishlng 33o-page breakdown of everywriter, politician or poet who contributed work to thefamous liberal iournal The New African during alt the yeA$it was-published. This is the sister book to the one abdd'the African Resistsnce,Movernent and contains ft:Fr"$e#gt

t Johannesbutg Swrdal.E14z:cst; 14 January 1973; , ;':''

':{;:r t_ . 1

',!i.!p:-* f|E*ff[,FS,Oe"" i,:'. . :

,*et"its epr1r,:htt€rs inffiptoe,ibg .*iro,,South -AeicanSecnrity Polke.The Naw Afrhmbook was writtsr by Pi*'6@r1'8.nnnepoel, thgt€ad of BOS Sts tui/hite Suipectsse€tion. It took him two ]tsrrs to cmpile and one year towrite. It gives a concise and ctoss-indexed biography ofogeh,eontributor to TIU N*t Af.r;cnt, with the subiect hegfote qbout and the date it was published.; ,. rljnked in with this book is yet another B O S S-producedgenufllo, of which I also have a copy. It runs to r55 pagps

,qd- cofrtains narne$ and brief biographies of everyone.whgsntributed work to three other liberatr iournals, Afikn$qtth, Traniticn and lfrica.south In,&itile.

BOSS's spy mania is such that the names of all thethousands of people meotionad in those books are religiously ,

errtered itrto &e SOSS computerl to be called up in casesoy.of the@ visir South Africa- To BOSS th"l'"ne utt .

S spies, dreaded Reds or loathsome tiberals, who;rtrust be monitored- Some people may think all this sounds,n$rer siily and s waste of drne. Not so. It is quite surprisingb&w.much irrcidental information BOSS eleans - and'howrnqny vi$itors to South Africa get nobbled in one way tranothef,.

Even more mind.boggling is anoths BOSS book in mypqSso6io+ It is entitled CIA Front Men,.Front Organiz*A4&l *td Conduhs,It contains, in alphabetical order andBiqutely cross-indexed every menrion made in the Nea,Yarh Tines of tlie American CIA; Thb really is a labour oftov.e1 gr hard lahur. Starting from r967'it is a valuable'at-a-glance' reference book for any political obsetrver - orspy' :

The cost of compiling all these BOSS,books, ia,man-ho$rs ehne, would be astronomical for any private re-searcheror publisher ovi:rseas, btrt the cost to BOSS is nil;the South A&ican taxpayer foots the bill

,gOSS is equally cfficient in its monitoring of letters. Inter-sp-{iqg those posted inside the o,ormtry is easyn becauseneorly all top iobs in &e post oftce are held by Afrikaners.

, , .BrT8.A;nD;ptsUt8,5F!,

For rnsil enftring and lewing the.comtry BOSS has fts9rw postat sorffirg ser-up tfued at loilrilnaeetinrge:fiSmuta airport Ttris establifuent iS totatty uot<nory[toiheSouth African public; not onc word aUoui it has eier beenprrbtlehed. BOSS calls it the ,watehing p*t', or,Wf O,short. There are also watchingpocts in dfii fowa, Durbu6and Port Elizabeth which monitormail arriving UV sta. fffeoverall name for countrywide m*il intercepd; ir,l .Opuqa:tionrButtonhole'"

The BOSS,men vrho work in the watctring poet havehand-picked postal sortets to help them. Th&'Uu*r aipromises given in parliament by the Nationalist eb"e"r;''*that only letters likely to,contain materfal .ahectins,.flicsecurity of the State' are intercepted. The watching-pgstscrutinizes a vast range of mail every day including-forter-national mail to and from such nearjby Black slates asLesotho and Swaziland. The sorrers are so skilled ttrgtthw,,can recognize a copy of playby magazine from its *ehi*aloae - even if it is digguised in athick w"apper. (prafltt* .banned in South Africa.) In many casej itrey d &irfr .

recognize the handwriting of wefl-known potiticar enffio-\rerseas. Perhaps this is one reason why the South:AfrtiSiCommunist Party and the African National Consressinstnrct all their members to type when addressing envelipessent to South Africa - :

. In the watching post they have boards on the walliibeartng long sheets containing the names and addftbK:,.connected with well=known suspects in South efrica endoyersqas.- They_are in alphabetieal orderarid

"* ad;Gdl;almost daily. But the sorters know many of the rea[vimportant ones off by.heart. They also know the WD;;"fenvelopes^certain people use, the postat frairki"g

"oa.S ur"a ,

b-y large_firms, and the addresseJ of most tibe;l "rldrira:l*:li;rt*S$:,f*" vouth or student *ou.*.'its ffi-

i

I have several photocopies of letters which were inftiiFptgd by BOSS, some of thern sent by famous pFOdHAfir-mb. The most arnezing photocopy in my files is tr;G;

', .SF*' ;', ;r$$tb&,rBog$'ri r' r l'

, dent, w r,i8,: golmg'' 8or*&r, 4fii'ie6n, tlo, ghg:,Aiab Fafenine,Rrwiffirce in ;Damascu$;r8yris.' That young rrnarr'wtote

, **$-ing he:wanted to ioinrthttrrr be trained by them dveffieasriod then reftrrn'to Soudr Africa under a false narne asia'frindorn fighter. I also have a copy of the reply he received,.,&stn, the, Arab Palestine Resistarice,'bearing their official.lmed-ofre rubber stamp. I shudder to think what hap-,.pened,to him.

i BOqS has another efficient set-up at Johannesburg's,,,]an, Smuts airport, T,trey are iokingly called ttre 'key,brigadd and their job is secretly to sedrch the luggage of,fuurnalists, foreign politiciansr brteinessrnen and other, !.IPs visiting South Afria&, $hat they are after are thesuitcases which have boerr, daced in the baggage holds ofplanes.,fh€y haW q

'vast: aseorutrent of keys, carefullynqrnber€d and listed rmder the various makes of suitcilses,gftiq&makes the,quick opening of all locks a simple affair.

:ff'hey"rmainllt look for private notes, notebooks, didribs, of@cial documents. It maf,es no difference whether you arehft-wing or right. If you are a VIP with publicity potential.pur mdrcasegets seatched. Fretoria has been stabbed in theback,,by,,so many'trusted' right-wingers, particularlyreporters vlh6 carne claiming to be well disposed towards.theres$qtry brrt rerurned home to write slashing attacks onspafiheid. ',

I know of several prominent people from Britain whosesuitcases were searched in this way. One was the then Arch-bi,shopof Canterbury, Dr A. M. Raqrsey, who visited SouthAfrieaio Novemb'er r97o. All they found irr his cases was abook he had borrowed from a public library in London; Itwas b.y ap au*ror who.was critical pf South Afriea EO'SSalso,bugged Dr Ramsey's telephone and hotel room while hewas in South Africa,,1.Anotho man who had his suitcases secretly searched wasItlr William Brookes, a senior official of theguided weaponsdi,v-ision 6f the British Aircraft Corporation. He visltedSouth Africa in March 1973. ( \

Trade union men are piime targets. In Novernber tg72

threosfrcials of the Brltigh Boilerrnakersr,lUnion, Mr Johnpqrnet, Mr Janles Murrary and. Mr Ctrarlee Riversr, had .

their zuitcases secretly openodr,One -of thc officialo (I ry-not r€srenrbeJ which) spotted a Security Uo1i* rtaiPdrrring'their stay in South Africa, In October 1973 8O$:$searched the suitcases of a British TUC ddegation led byMr Jack Jones and Mr Vic Feather. Also with them weleMr Cyril Plant of the Inland Revenue staffand a Mr J. A.Hargreavec. In this instance serreral photocopiee wefe hadsof, docurnents in their, suitcases. Anottrer member of tlredelegation, Mr Dan McGarven got through without hbzuitcase being monitored because, for sorne reason,'hoarrived on a later plane. To a great srtent this was a slip.pgr

9n my_ part. I had.signalled to BOSS an adrrance m*isq#&.om Lgldqn staJing that Mr McGarvey would be on dsplane with the others. ' , .. L, .,

A ftnnien slip-up occurred when Britistr comedianCharles Hawtrey, the veteran of the Carry Anfihs, st@lhd ,

offa plane at Johannesburgls fan Smuts airport in late lfray1977, BOSS had received a lnessage from the SowhAfrican Embassy in London which said it had recei\red ananonyfircus telephone call ctaiming thtt Mi [Iawtrey ti*d$opposed to apartheid and was earrying some irlrportantlettors to be delivered to an anti-apartnAA eampaigner h|ohannesburg. At first, BOSS suspected it miglit b.e'aclever publicity sgunt engineered in advance by Mr Hawtrpy.So, meading carefirlly, they arranged to have his suitcafosearched on arrival. at Jan Smuts. But there was a snarl-ppl . .

;i

Mr Hawtrey's luggage was in the last batch to be tshen bi{t l

ofthe hold of the plane, and the immigration fficisls hadalready fer him through into the section where luggggB iscollected. The BOSS men backstage just dida,t tdG dfile jto searctr his cases, so they flashed a message to the front of,house saying Mr Havrtrey's luggage had, by an unfornrn*tE-.accident, been left behind during a stopover it paris;, r rr; I :

By no coincidence at all I was the only ioumalisr af,thG"arrivals gate when Mr Hawtrey wallted through. He mqfl.t;a comedian, but he didrr't ttrink the loss of his lugguge-was

:...:

fgq.rxsr.Dr B{!$s/: ,:

* att funey,.,Beihg ao:old.{ioupcq'tlmlrglir bc posed fornyr merai aaying he would ng.ma&c a carry-on about the fact

&9q be-had no luggage to,earry.* Ahdugh BOSS for:ndnnfihing in Mr Hawtrey's nritcases the,y still playd it sefegd. b*gged evpry call bs made from Suite 5o4 at the$t*tcrrnan in Johannesb. urg"..&rt hb was. clean.rrr,The isto$t surprisingr .lsuitcase surveillamce' iob was€rrisC out on Mr Mark C,ailisle, Britainls preserrt Educa-tim Smetry. He visited South Africa vuy quietly" widt-suc publicitjr" in early 1978, and I was astonished to heas

: &m a panin BOSS that his luggagc hadbeeo mmitoted.Ile"'is one of South Africa's gtedcst admirers.who hasrnperb top-level contacte in $ptr6iurtry.'f knew he hadbeen accordcd the rcd-c9[p€t'treaemsnt during his stay'. srdI could oot wck orlt why the ke,y brigade had rummsg€dthrotrgh his soc&s and shfuts.,, flBOSS somact eo<plained: nY.es, he's a friend all

t{gbt, but you never knqqr with these Limey politicians.The,y:eat from your plate ooe minrte and bite your hand&i.nexe', .,

,r,:Another man whoeb cases qrere secretly searched waaBritisbiournalistAdasr Raphael wbo fferr to Eurban..TheBOSS, men ,found a thi€k "notebook mntaining highlydotsil€d facts,,asd figgres' mostly.frgures, about tlle wagFs'qf':Sreh. mineworkers and eugar-cane cutters. The k€ybrigade,diO Dot have time to take photocopies rof the noterbsoki co they iust pinched it. I've often wondered how lvtr'Raphffif explaind the loss.of all thatworkto his editor b'ackin l-ondd't"

BOSS also has airline steward.s and hostsses:working:for ttrern, eitlnr as couriers or as spies. It is quitehow, looee people's toryu€! are after they have- passed

Mhrgh custom . The lspies in ths slry', who nostly work-fou Surth Afriean Airwayq,eavesdrop. And what thcy hearig not alwalrs pqlitieal; it may concern smugglingor'orrrencyornsisr; If,it's a criniaal matter BOSS passes it:on to the

* :W.,&isno '6''Mtsy

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BIts afib prscns, 5Tl,- BOSS is equa$y efficient when itr*n *,to sronitoringexffioel_ .radio prqgrainmes, DVelr aay of the week, iountthe clock, a team of at least tdri0e1t and wornen sit et t5&e-writers with large headphones plugged in to pmgraiurree.beamed out by radio statisns in Angola, Zarrble., TanzaaiatRadio Moscow and even the BBC, the Voice of Arner.icaand Deutsche Velle. Every word that is uttered is lyped outand passed on to evaluators, who carenltv list the names ofall people speaking against South Africa. It's a gigantice:rercise which probably pays off every now and again, butthe men and women who have to listen to all thooe pro-grarnmes are clearly bored to tears. I have hundrede oftheseBOSS transcripts and they show thm the peoplets*tt,scribing the programmes are not too well endowed when itcomes.to brain cells. Every page is signed by the tran-scriber's initials. One with the signature'GlO'.shows tbathe (or she) does not read English-language newspapers ar all:he spells Jim Callaghan as 'Callergan'and Canada's PienaeTrudeau as 'Trewdow? and even 'Treddown. There:tf,,t*spelling mistake on just about every page, no matter whothe transcriber is. But one thing is cleer: they are all Whitpibecause they misspell most Black names, even. wotld'famous ones. tMoscow' and'Communist' thery,neverrgetwrong. They get bored quickly too. On every other pagethe words 'indistinct' or 'inaudible' appear. Operatot'AJK' is smarter than the fest. When he wants to go for:qcup of tea he types: 'Reception detefiorates to belorutranscribable level due to interference. Listemng dis-continued.' With that gift of the gab he's probably the topman in his section.

I do not know how many agents work for BOSS. But int97z I saw a report submitted by a Black spy whose codenumber wasX35o. That .means BOSS had at least 35o"firll-time Blacks on its books at that time. This is notcounting the hundreds of Blacks throughout the counuywho are freelance informers, paid onty for what they srrb&di'The prefix X to the iode nr:nrber enaUtes the deskiilen at

g#:'r*lN$*lf toss r!'; :i ' '' i

*OS$ treqdqrstq$, in F*stp& to pdl st q,glsnec,the ,skin

botqrlr'-of-'Sh,ggBtrt who baa;,gubmitted :the repott in frontog, .'fnat-can r.nakg* hig ei-ftnnqe to an Afrilcrrgw,kn:hE needs to assesq.t$F:lcalibre' of the teport and tleF@,who put it through',,,r,'.' Sone Slhite women who spy for BOSS have the piefixtb'toitheir code number.:I know that the number of Whitefernale.fulhtimers in r97r,rryas at lEast 3oo. . ..* In 1976 H. J. van den Bergh told me that BOSS had

thi$y-seveil South African iournalists on its paymll' Thresofl,these were parfiamentary coffespondents, o-ne-.was stl

' ,p{itorin ctrief, and eight workd.oq ssws de*s in one

sgpacity or another. '' , , ', .

Some South African iournalists have written stories statingthaf &O$S does not operate inside the country, only out'tl*e,As'borae"s, and that internal investigations are left to

' &e,security Police. Many people believe it, but they are

beinemisl€d. BO S S has staffmen all over *re Republic. In*tql

"r.rt ttrey share offices with the Security Police and

: eryen pose as members of that branch. But usually BOSSalso'has a top-secret office, sudt as the one based on thetop floor of the Department of Health building at the cornerofDe Villiers Street and.Rissik Street in Johannesburg.,,,,'Ili tg75 I visited the BOS$ offices in Cape Town. Theyare on the eighteen*r floor of the Metlife Building inRoeland StreeC The entrance is protected by a large ironsrile and an electronic lqck. Inside I was shown round theioio* offices and 'workrooms'. One room was fuIl ofvarious kinds of light fittings, bulbs, w-all plugs' sockets andone of those electric fireplace decoration units with cheerilyglowine but frlse pta*ic logs, Anotherworkroom containeddh trays, books, packets of cigarettes' table gas lighters,bddcasee, 3$rrrn camefasr binoculars, motor car 'lash-boards, headlights, car radioc, portable radios, doorknobs'picturclframee, large metal windo'n' frames, urnbrellas'htchen buckets, disnolnsctedl telephones of various tSpes

od ootstrq and even )eeutogly ordinary house bricks.

;

AII these itcsrs csnained dwerty oncealed-- buggingdwices or transmitters. One pafr of:Iiinocutrns rt'as.fitted .

wittr a tfansminer. Another @ was atso i camcra,capgUnof taking head-and-shoulder photographs at a distance. Mycontroller lack Kemp, who, ws then in ctrqgq of'{tsBOSS office, told me with pride that all these bugs werereacly for immediate installatioa anywhere in tlte ,C"p" ,

Province. These devices are paft of an operation knorpn as ,:

'Wheelchair' because some, such,as large window framesor 'out-ofiorder' ventilation systems, have to be wheeldd ' .r;into prgrnises ebout to be bugged. , ., ,' ' '.

This mates a mod<ery of a speech Premier fohn Vustermade in parliament on zr April r97r. To rsff)v€ 'certeinmismnceptionsl abbut BOSS, Mr Vorster said 'ThlBureau for StateSecurity has never had anything to do withtelephone tapping.r Mr Vorster had hb wires crossed somtswherg because, iust four months eadie4 General H.I. rmnden Bergh, the head of B O S S, acknowledged in the AppedCourt that the Bureau dnd indulge in the practice of tappf,rytelephones.* : ,' ";,,., ,-

, At the B O S S offices in Cape Town was a small roomrm.i$ ,

rylls and ceiling heavily padded in thick white panelling.There were hundre& of tiny holes drilled in every pa1reL,:!had seen another room oractly the same on ttre fust floor ofCape Town's Caledon Square police station. In fact, srost ;

Security Police offices at main c€nres in SouthAfrica have ,'rooms like these. They are sound-proof: or, I shotrld eay,screan-proof.. * GaF Tima, zr Deceraber r97a

' 'l"':;"iiar il

'.i. "43' . TO.RTURE IN SOUTH AFRIO{| ,./ t,'-, .'..

''@{i.wtlrfstrgrnfu,u$Lrtr $fi.rrfidJrti

nTfta weak linoe one weapon; the enorso! tlnse wlp think th4t are strong.'' , Georges.Bidault

The busiest interrogation room in South Africaris Ro6mro26 on the tenth floor of Johannesburg's central policestation, 'John Vorster Sgrlatel. I know the building well:The top two floors contain a honeycomb of small officeshousing the Security Police and several cells where high-risk political prisoners are kept. Unknown to ttre SouthAfrican public, BOSS officials are also based on the tenthfloor. If necessary they pose as Security Police officers.

Securiry measures for these offices ar€ tight. Entranceqan be gained only through a lift which goes down to abasement gange at the rear of John Vorster Square. Thisenables BO S S operatives to slip in and out unseeR. As youstep aJut of the lift into a corridor on tile top floor you comeface to face with an official in plain clothes who sits in a tinyiinm directly opposite the lift door. His desk is situated sbttrat he is staring at you through the doorway. A retiredprdticernar, he is big and hefty and not too bright. He's onlyd glorified doorman, but he knows what to do if yriu haveentered the lift illegally. He packs a revolver under his coat.nVho are you? What does you want? Has you got anappointrnent?' he will ask in a gutnrral Afrikaans acceirt.\ffhen he has written all these details down laboriously in atqrgebook he telephones a Security Police officer, who walksin, and will later sign you out.

If all that sbunds sinister, imagine you are a Black beingtaken there for questioning. Matthew Mabelane, the twenty-,trro-year-old son of a respected Black clergyman in Soweto,$nalfted through that door in early February ry77.Buthe did

TORTPS,E IN SOUTII AFRICA I 58In91 walk out again. A few days.tater, on 15 February, hcaUec€dly iurtrped thiough the window of ttie infienogiafuohiqorr on the tenttr floor. The security officials saiU hl,nadleap-t out while being iquestioned, by two warant

"ffiC€rsand a sergeant. He had tried to escape, had run alons a ldseoutside the window, 'lost his balance' and falten to lilldeath. Inquest verdict: .Died accidentally while tryingtoescape', :_ ioq** Black who died ,falling out of a window' atJohn Votster Square was Mr Z. !. Mazeka, who died iirApril 1974.,He w.as being questioned by a night $hift ofinterrogators at the time of .his death, which was e a.m.Inquest verdict: 'Accidental death or suieide,-

There is nothing new about political detainees falline orlof windows. The first case f have knowledge of **- m,,Su.liman Salojee, who died on 9 SeptembJr le6+ *hikbeing interrogated at The Grays, the old Security pollceheadquarters in Johannesburg. Inquest finding: .Op"t,vrrdict, but the police were not.to blame'. -

, .r;.rr'.:iAnother man who fell while in custody was Mr fnafr.

mile Mabija, aged twenty-.seven. The warden of a chrngh idSrTbgrl"V, h9 g-lyn-Se{ to hisdeath on 7 July 1977 {i.orn,tlrBsixth floor of Kimberley's Transvaal Road poiie stetiiDuwhilg under Security Police detention. At the inquggt,the Security Chief for KimberleR Colonel J. D. du ple$sis,said Mr Mabija's sister had lied when telling the court thaias her brother was taken into custody, one of the Whito.lecurity Police offi.cers had said .Say good-bye to youi:family, Mabija, you won't be seeing thern again.t lueitemverdict: 'Suicide by jumping'

Another detainee who fell was Mr George Botha,. aColoured biology teacher aged thirty-wo. He was in thePort Elizabeth headquarters of the Security police ar Ssn-Iam Buildings on 15 Deaember 1976 when he allegedhc

lppJ d9*." a stairwell next to a lift. IIe died instantly ioh"n ,

his bqdy landed head-first it the basement area six.,florhd3rl"below. Inquest findipg: 'Open vetrdict, but not assardrsd bvthe police'. The political attirudes o-f the presiaingrmagis--

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, dite',*l**;,iaqucsrtt*rr!q: ld:&oar,,drs,&i*,ifis aDocslngoffiqm r€ptrt sub&iEid tothebeafin$ S.* go'wr*haM pchqlogist discl*sd"tbt. thtfe ffie at lleast Sursdiors birrti€s on the- d&d rnant shoulder' ctrest' upper

, gt1qrdarmpit - not c{srcd bythc fall brnquite definitdylnfficted before his death.

.S*to*ry"no Mr Botlta died, two other prisoners fetl outof Security Folice windows in Port Elizabeth.- Both lived;tut little publicity was given to these case. Tbey weredimirlal prisoners, aot'political'. "Thdre is another recorded case of a Blac& deaioeeisr$o

, fell,from a window white beine int€trrogs€d by the 'Sectrity,Folice in Port Elizab€th. fnls mas oa ro lrlovesrb* r$7;Tout mystery zurmrrads tt$ cpe- When Progressive PartyMP MrF IIch Sr'*nnnrsked tlrc Minister of JusticewhcUsdbgppeoed, hegavithc ofrcial answ€r that$e aemitrce;*b6b- nme ne would not disdose, 'trid to esi;ope bygBninA thlough a sixttr floor window but he was notseriously injured'.-. rYct'inottrcr Black who fell from the Security Polie II Q inPori Elfuab€th was l-ungile Tabalaza, 88d tlr€nty. H€ fdl&orn a wiRdow five floors up on rr July rylS. N0betheq hcitmBed of;sas pushed is not known But his f".t ttd l€*

itriudes caused before his death whictr strooglyidicated that he had been suspended by his feet beforethe

,&ll.''Inguest verdict: rDied trJ'rng to €$cape. No criminat:re;ligpnce on the part of the police'.

. A, very hmos man who died in a ftll was ttre ImamAMuIla Ham.n, a promiaent religious leader in CapeTown's Moslem community. Aged forty-four' 'lhe knagrwas.held,by Sectrrity Folie when it was disooversd that he

HS tecn ABtriUning money to the wirrq and children of''Etra{* politieal fisur€$ who werc in iail. Vhat nas sinisterabout thet, from the Security Police point of view, was thatInail Haron iaa oUtainea the money futn C:ron JohnGotlins:and his .Defenoe and Aid Frand in London. Tho-

IFnen wa$ intenognted for the best part of sevenq-six daysfiir at"lest 6sveo hours a day; On a7- September hb diod

ToRTURE rN sourfi trnrce. 583

eft€r fallingrdown"a dighfi , of sairs resr hh €etl The in+rectwa*,told'thgt there werd,twerqy-Bir( bruiscs on hirbody, ablood oweUing o,n his back md a fractured rib. Inquestverdict: 'Death ft,om blood-do,ttbg partially caucea'. Uyf-t[ing do:rnstairs'. \[hen the ldam's widoq Mrs.G?li@f,Haron, instituted a daim for dmagc against the Miniof Justice and Police for tlre ill-treatrnent or neglect of hrshusband while in police custody, sb,q was silenced with anout-of-corrt sEtdenrent of {z,5oo by the government , ,r r

Another Black detainee who fell was Mr NicodernwKgoathe, who was held under the Terrorism Act in Novenr-ber rg68 and died three months later on 5 February r@lHis Security Police interrogators told a magistrate 16st AfriKgoathe had asked for a shower on a hot dsy, and while inthe shower he had slipped on the soapyfloorand bangedhishead against the wall Cause of death: 'Kidney failue aadbronchial pneumonia following head iniuries sustained b eshower. No person to blame.'

Thee weeks later, on z8 February 196g anoths Rh&'detainee died ia a police cell-block shower. He was'.Mf,Solouurn Modipane. IIe had slipped on a bar of soag gnGt

hit his head.on the wall, explained the Security Polie.Magistratets finding: 'Death due to natural causes. Noiaquest necessary?. , .

Another Black who fell was Mr Johnson Nyathi, agdtwenty-nine. He was thrown thrcugh the fourth-floorwindow of a police station in February rg77,blut survivedto tell the tale.' Vhile recovering in'hospital with t-wabroken legs and spinal iniuries he smuggted but a lemer asd'$ent it to Mr David 'Dave' Sibeko, the chief spokesnrao forthePan-Africanist Congress inAmerica. A huge iovialmanwith a ctrest as big as a beer barrel, and a stomach'to match,Dave was also the PAC representative at the Unitcd.Natio,ns.* ,,:,tt'

DavE and I were old frieods, dating back to 196o, whc4r,he had worked for,the Black newspaper Posr in JohanlbditiF r David 'Baby Elephant' ibeko, aged forty, was assasoimtid;furgunnrcn oo r: June 1979 wbil,e on e visit to Dar.cs Salaan, Thdzaoir.

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fomrg.:Xn,hter years he,hinnd the flrmours that I was aBO$.S aBrEnt but still rmpined &iendly- because I always

. 'had'a soft spot for PAC snd o{ten wrote siories puttingseir pont of view. When he received the letter smuggledout U,y Johnson Nyathi, Dave Sibeko posted a copy of it totne in Johannesburg, saying 'Please,.Gordy, see if you canurite an article agitating on this comrade's behalf.'

Not one word did I write. ft was impossible. Theallegations made by Johnson Nyathi were horrific. The basicd€taits afe that he was a member of the Pan-Africanistf,ongress and was implacably opposed"to the apaftheidrpgime. Along with several other PAC men he was detained,ft1 December t976. l

Vhen he refused to implicaG any of his fellow PACmernbers, the Security Police kicked, punched andthrottledhip. Tlrey butted him rorrnd the room with a broomhandleSdrictr- they also shoved into his anus. He still would nbt1alk, so they stood him in a corner for long periods withoutalegp and hit him-every time he closed his eyes or leanedqgainst the wall. Then they held him our of a window fourffoors high saying they would drop him if he refused totalk. Whenhe said he would talk they pulledhim in and sarhim down at a table with pen and paper. Srhen he handedthe pen back and said he had changed his mind, they pickedhi$r up,lswung him by legs and arms and through the openwindow. Almost before he hit the ground the SecurityFolice officers tan down the stairs shouting 'Grab ,thatkaffir, he's trying to escape.' But Johnson Nyathi was in nostate to run away. Both his legs were broken in the fall, andhis spine was also damaged.

The place was Krugersdorp police starion,-and the date,uqs 2 February ry77.He was rushed to hospital, where hespeht eight months recovering. By law, a magistrate has tovisit detainees irt regular intervals to ensure t[at they are ingood health and have no complaints. The political atrirudesof tnost oJ those magistrates, whb are supposed to beuqbiasgd, can be judged ftom the fact that the Whiteuragisuate who visited Johnsor Nyathi in hospital sat down

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bry hb bed and eeid with a smile: .Hdb, Nyarhi, dd yog a^E:F,

lhinh you could fly without -wings, ba hai' No won-&r +fftohnson Nyathi':lmtes Whit€srr' ,, . ' . .r. . r.,.;: l',li_#li

" My, case flE on Johnson Nyathi. ggts woffie %q1,fi6 ",.'i'li,liitried.to mount a lqal actioar rfor:damages against,'&o ::'ii:i,:rMinister of Police,

"r"fruhg ttr"t,bs had d ir,ffi"uv"G ' , ,

.'-rlifewer than six different polioencen md that be, h4d beeui ,

deliberately thrown out of the window, the Stare refirsed to . i.'

a$ept his daim..They poiflred out that sudr a elsin hrd"tb" , ,,:be sutxnitted'wittrin six moaths oftheallqed assauh.Iptrss . 'lMr Nyathi uied to point out that he had b€cc hctd incom-muniedo rmder the Terrorism Ast and the policc .,hcd, ' ,-,:l

refused to put his claimthnough,the State lauyensln4gpdtbeir shwlders and Slaid 'Tlre lerll is the law.'

when r gave BosS; cop;;i"h*; lryail't,s kmerro'Dave Sibeko; Pmoria really got tough. They laida chafge^against Jotnson Nyathi for attempting to esca1re-flq .

astody by jumping through ttrat sindow- He appcareddfl,.,,,eourg \rr8s found $dky and iailed for one year.. Eraeo wotrse, Johnson Nydhi yas indicred along witr l

s6v&teen othef nnernbers of the PAC is a rnardlmigrl$, ,.whic*r becarne kaourn in South A&ica as the Bethal trial ad,€nded in lune 1979 with oixteen.of tre accused beirqg foundguilty and sentenced p ,11- terms ranging from five to .,,;,rfifteen years. fohnson Nyathi got ten years. Added to,th ',r'ri.one year he is sqnnng for i atterrpting to ecape?, this tnwls " .".

that he will not walk out o'f jail until jnne r99o, politicatprisonersin Souttr Afriea get no remission wlratooetre6; ,.- rl . )

. The Beftal trial rreived very little ptrblicity inoverieai .'::newspap€rs, but a book should be written about it. It is c .

l

claesic case of SecuriryPolice barbariqy-Detectives swooped ,l,iion at least roo Blacks who were discovered to be mesrbeis '..i:iof or wdl disposed to; the PAC. Sixty of these agreed: tor,.r,111:givc. evidene for the, Sate at the trial; and.most of dN#:: 'l l

gnve evidene in camera,'But I know of four PAC rnery'"..';r'wlio nefus€d to beuzy their wnradea. The first was Dr Naboth Ntshunrsha Hewas detaired.by

the Seeurity P,olie on 14 Deccmbu ryr76, He was foudd

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'dead in a pdlci cdl oh;gl anrmry x9??;iitrtquest verdict:'tsuiei&..by ttnngingt.'lfhis.death'ld ts a question inp*r{ignient and caused th Miuister of Foliceto &drnit tttst,lti@ufiorized incisiond' had beeo made on Dr Ntshunt-Se's:-body at the mortq4ry..These 'incisions''- whichinade a complete post{noftem. examination impossible.-were 'An incision from the ttroat right down to the groin'and.anottler ffrom ear to ear across the top of the skrrll'.Nobody was prosecuted for that interference with iustice.: Mr Samuel Malinga, aged forty-five, of Soweto, diedo{r az Februqry tg07 afte.r being rushed,to hospital byStnurity Police officers in Pietermriuburg, Natal, Inquestverdict: 'Heart or respiratoty failure'." Mr Aaron Khoza, aged forty-five,;detained on'9 Decem-ber r976r(withi,|ohnson Nyathi), was found hanging in a

Pigtsmariulburg police cell on z3 March 1977, Inquest.rcrdisc 'Hanged himself. Nobody to blame'. But Mr,Harfy'Pitrnan, a lawyer who appeared for Mr Khoza's'family, was most dissatisfied with the evidence given at thatinqnmt. He stood up and stated that the evidence given bytlre.prison staff was contradictory and the whole investiga*tion had proved 'highly unsatisfactory'. He made anmtrerfrontal,attack when he pointed to a police photograph takenrry 1tle- cell after Mr Khoza's body had been cut down butber€ it had been removed. That photograph clearlyahswed that there was a glass window in the window franieincidt the bars. Yet the prison authorities daimed that MrKhoaa had hanged himself, from those'bars,with a ropernade out of his iacket and shoelaces. Vhen the inquestadiourned and trooped off to inspect this cell, the prisonconunandant smilingly ushered thern in. There was nog$siir ttra windsw.

, Sipho Bonaventure Malaza, a schoolboy aged seventeen,' who lived at Kagiso Black Township, near Krugersdorp'

,was'detained on his way home.from a schoolmate's horne on'r July 1977. Hewas found deadina policc cell on lt Norrefn'bw tgTT.Inquest verdict; lblanged himself,'... r'Ttle':ormrber.oneaccused in:the Eethal uial was Mr

: fORTUeg lN $oUTg AFnICA'!8f,

Zeph Mchopeng; aged slnty-seven The fonner. presiderttof the,Transvaal Teachersl Association and a forrnderrmern-ber' oftlqP,anrAfrlcanist Congressi Ze,phis, without dotrbt,a dyed-in-the-wootr revolutionary. He is noYa Communistbut, in the eyes of Pretoria, p*haiis worse. He made oo'bones about hating apaxtheid to the point whererhe woddblow up offices of the Banbr.Affairs Department, but!down the homes of suspected. Black spies, and, teach htrgrdreds, of Black youngsters to unite.against,,apartheid andcr€ate a revolution. And to do this he had cet up frbntorgtrnizations with respectable-sounding religtoug lrarnossuch as the 'Young African Christian Movement',atd thd'Young Afiican Religious Movement?;

rtr first started writing about,Zeph Ivlothopeng twentyyears ago. I only met hirn once but I know,all about the nrsn'He is the most toftrued man alive in South A$ica.today.The Security, Police tornrred him in 196o befbre he sq8sentenced,to two year$ in iail, alqng with the Pan-Africagis(Congress leader Roben Sobulape, for publicly encorlrgdhgBlacks to burn their hated Pass Books. ln ry6q tlte seiu*irymen tortured'him a&in' and. he .was jailed for anoltrgeighteen rnonths.

At that:time he brought an action foldamagea agin*IllrJohn Vorster, then the Minister of fustice, claiming that behird been tortured by police officers using an electricslrcckmachine. When this maclrine was brought to court by thepolice, which was an admission in itself, the State lawyerdernanded to be connected to it with the power tuflred on:tle stood there srniling. at the court as the machine purlsdgently. 'It wouldnlt hurt a fly,' he said. He was right;ritwouldn't. The Security Police had made sure of that bytoning it down. Zeph Mothopeng was branded ae a liar andhe lost his action.

V,hen detained in connection with the Bethal tiat,Zephw,as again tornrred. He told the iudge, Mr Justice Cqrlewiqall about this torftF€. So did twelve of the other accu$gd.ifl.

the case, who all disclosed gruesome tales of vicicius rissaults

and totture. Mr Justice Curlewis did not believe tbiui.

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. Stis{. st!€s.had bed;wfin'ed in&,giving eridence. 'I

.i :1&dr*r!,l"aoiiotr€ of th€r$'heF bee*rernrredby tbe Securiq'

Itr,rtreason"bl" doubt' dr' case should be thrown ,out.',lsh3tlrer ornot Mr JustieeCurlewis felt there was reasonable{oubt in tlie torrure dshs of Zaph Mothopeng and histbilorrcrs, surely he had heard about the strange-deaths inlffirEntion of those four men, Naboth Ntshuntsha, Saqqcl,ilt*dinga,;Aamn Khoza and Sipho Malaza. Wercastrkose

JPillib€;t he,said... :1.!.rh-^

^3 d.L^ -' One of the main prinsbl€s of iustice is that whesl thene

6ces, grounds for reasonable dotrbt?

At this stage Mr Justice Curlewis sgapped 'NelsoaMAndela' 'who is he? Why do you quote him? I've. nevertreard of anyone named Mandela.'

', ZuFh Moftofng wasformdguilty. He is serving afiftecrr-,1tear iail term and will be eighty-two years old when he hreleased in ry94. :" ,,.i, At the conclusion of the Bethal trial, Ze'ph Mothopeng andtlV,stvcorfAis co.sceused mouhted legal actions for dariagesaga\t the Minister of Police for a total of {roo,ooo fors[eged assauh and tornrre inflicted on them by members ofrtrre Eecurity Polie. The South African gcreriment willalmoet certainly deny their allegations, and mine. But thefebtonly one way Pretoria can reasonably refute all theseclninrs" I.et rhe world press interview Zeph Mothopeng

.1,, On zo March 1978 two foteign diploduts, one from the'Swedish Legation in'Souttt',A&ica and the other from.the,Arnerican ,f,ftfu$stfr:,tried to anend the Bethal trial m,qffidal1.qb.i€fversr Mr justice Curlewis barred them fromr&feerlif:-sgreeing with the State's contention that they.qtipUea to attend as '.representatives'of governmeots only'&lte!€sted in political mattefs'.r.|rZbph Mothopeng told the court he did not wish to enterr{iplea because, as Nelson Mandela had said at his trial yearsearlier, he did not feel he would get justie &om e courtcornposed of White men who laid down the Tfhite rnads{g\ds.' ,,

.@d his ooltegues, psrticut&ily MrJahffim N),athi, thtman who was thrown.tbmugh thx window in l{rugersdorp.Failios that,,let e United Mrions team intennEw t5ose rninin private. It.really is a case for coacern.

The most notoriorx case of .death by falling, was that ofMr Ahmed Timol, an Indian schoolteactrer abea tnirty. t&died after fa[inC &om Room roa6 of John Vorst$ Square;on z7 Octobff rg7t. The Secrrity Police said Mr Tirnolhad iumped through the window, but l,know the tnrth about , .Ahmed Timol's fall. I nas responsible for his arrest in thfirst place.

It all started in London rlr late r97r when.tr nus,'.dlrb.],,Membership Secretary for the London Freelance Brqncbof the National Union of Journalists.;As I hsve stated earlier,I_.T\ advantage of beipg an officer of the Union by.usingtheir head-office files to compile a long rsuspec-t tisi' o{dl ..,, Ileft-wing or liberal British iournalists ; and one ofthe glq6r :,, ,

that list was Mr Quentin Jacobsen, a freelance preffe srnCIfflrman who hadwon a photographic co$est organiaed by-.tlfcBritish Sunday Tirw..$i 1966" From,his file I sawthat_ffiJacobsen was quite clearty a liberal, and I submi*€d,r.hisname to B O S S, suggesting, as I did with all the men on mysuspect list, that he should be watched if he visited SouthAfrica.

_ \trfhen Quentin did visit South Africa, where he set.up a: ,

photqgraphic studio in Johannesburg, BOSS asked 1g{,6 r,:

do q dtg into his frisrds and background in Londonl,J .,,':made discreet inquiries in Londoa aad discovered !fu41 ",,'

Quentin had friends in the African National Congrewi and, , ,'

furthermore, he or his twin brother, Henrlr, had recentlymade a short visit to London and had srmrggled some dagg8(rnariiuana) outof South Africahidden in either a surf boardor a parachute..I flashed this back to BOSS, and th€y

:y'lanted' sr uied to plant, a Black aggnt on Quentin at -':i,,,,,photographic studio in Jshannesbtrg. tVhile the d&nwerc iavesrigating they discovercd *rat erentin l.eft,tlewas friendly with seversl young enti-apartteiO activisrsi,All

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I wse secrctly, mq*litored tryrthe SeoniqSo Poli*e and follswed;,This led tottre arrest of Ahmed Timol.

'',I*edied five days later.'While being interogated in Roornro*6 he had, 'for no appafent reasonf, iurnped up from a

.:crhair and dived through the window. That's what, the'seturity Police said. My London BOSS handler, AIf,:Biiuwer, told me a different story. He said three SecurityPolice ofrcers had been in,Room roz6 at the time of Timol'sdeath. They had asked Timol if he knew a man named

Quentin Jacobsen. Timol had said'Yes. He's a Coloureilcllap who lives down in Cape Town.'.The Security men

*new ttis was a lie because, acting on my information tsBOSS, a Security Police monitoring team already had

Quentin Jacobsen under'surveillance and knew he was aWtrite man from Britain.: Timol's lie angered the three security men' so'two of

,t$fln'grabbed him and pushed his head and shouldere'dlroryh the windov as they held on to his legs. Theythneatened to drop him.if he did not stoir telling lies. Buteonrething happened to make one of the officers let go oftirnol and he fell ten floors to his death.

Alf Bouwer told me he knew this 'inside story' becausetug brotheG Robbie Bouwef,, wa; a Security Police inter-rog tor based at John Vorster Square. Robbie Bouwer hadalso helped to question Timol, but not on the day he died.,, When I returned to South Africa in 1974, I becamefriendly with Robbie Bouwer, because he knew frorn,hisbrother Alf that 'I had worked in London as a B O S S agent.I asked Robbie what had really happened to Timol, and thisis what he told me:

'One of the chaps grabbed Timol by the seatsf his trou-ee*pwitlr one hand and his hair with the oths. Our otherchap held Tirnol's left leg with one hand and his shirt withthebther" They only rneant to scare him into talking anlhelS.him face down over the window ledge as they slowlypushed his head and shoulders out.

qThey told Timol they would let go if he didn't tell thettrrth about Quentin facoboen. Timol shouted something

lfte ?' Suifi l'ou, Fr bs$sds:t.ro tlre clnp,holilingr Timol?oleft lg 'le* gp of his sfri* arid' uing ,both.het&r,battgedTimot's'teft shin w &e edge of the wiirdorr ledgc*f 'r.:.',',r,.

It was at this stage drat 'sornettring terrible' bappeeie4said &obbie Borlwer, Tirnolk righrlqgl eithcr by ryasm or:by design, jerked up, and his heel hit the other officer in &6,tescieles. He let go of Timol and fell back grunting t$pain.'- 'The o*rer chap, still holding,Tirhol's left anlde and ealfl;

was nearly pulled througtt the window by Tirrrol's wgfht'and had qo let go to save himselfr'.said Robbie,Bouw€r"r li,'

There was a reason ufiy the Securiqy mm had lost their't€mpe$ and held Timol through therwindow" His lieebogtQuentin Jacobsen being a Coloured man who' Iiv-ed..;iisCape Town made them re,:ilize he had bebn takingthern frra ride *re previous day when.he had sat do'wn and stsrteddrafting out a statement aburt the.South African politicatfigures he had been eonnected widr u'hile studying in IaqF'

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. Vhen he wasfirst detained the S€cmityPoliee had.strtedtlreir usual tornre techniques. Timol kne'nr that,if thc{rkcptibeating him he would blurt out the oarnes of, his:eoffir6,,inside South Afr.iea.'To:protect these people, and to gvethem time to hear about-his arrest, so they would havea feirrvaluable ertra hours toflee the counuryr.Tinol pretendcdrh$,lvas most willing to talk.

He kept his interrogatcirs busy scribbling for two days bytelling thern a long involved story of how, while srudybg:inlBritain, he had ioirted a folk music'clrrb known as thdtSingers'Grotrp in tondon'sKingls Qrcss arrea Oneaigtqlhe said, he had attended the club when Peggy SeegerandEwan"McCo[had perfbrmed on the stage

(Within hours of Tirnol teiling the Security Police aborrtthe Slngers' Group, BOSS signalled'rne in Londisn and.toldlae-to join ttre club and get the names and photograptn.

don the previous year.

of the leading members, which I did.)

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,,,iliTimol saidrPeggy Seeger and-Ewan McColl had invfted.,

songs or poetry from the audience, so he had jumpeiil upand sung an ignpromptu ditty' abotrt the etupidityr,.,of

,r ryarfuidi Tgmol seid,r$pi',4i,fticarr,St@L @grEsrin' Lqfidq' hod oonetrow &@d:about:ddr, and hsd c*cd,*tieif $F.' would dbuibute'neiti*pnheid: Ieafe *'licn, -[s:l6*

,' tufned,to South Africa":,Vhen,he agreed; he was.tesuid, todlo ANC.by someone relsted to Jr friendly witha$orrb' lf,&ictrr worrran named Miss Bahiya Ruwayda Vawd* l

. In his tong-drawr-out'cocrfession'Timol gave thenameg: of,eoveral other South African exiles he had met'in Lsndon.

', Eh€y were: Mr Joe Slovo and Mr Jack Hodgson, whonifirnol said: were both mesrbefs of t]re South African Cml:mmist,.Party and both acted as advisers to the African

' Nadomal Congress; Dr ,Yusuf Dadoe6.',the leader,of ,the

' ,Souih African Indian Congre"se; which is affiliated to 6eANC; Mrs Stephanie'Sechl (hge femp), who worked &rdre British: Ariti*Apartlreid:,Movementi J€nrily Rice, m'E4gl&h:girlwho was maried ts Arthur Mairnane, a 4leekESutr Aftiean iournalist tiving in €xile i:n Britain; and Basil

l manabai of S,{NROC,I ,.r g'1u.uu***n tnen had be€n delightod with dl thsse nafric&, [g'c6{dd sound.geod when they brought Timol ts triol;'But,'iitllerlTimol lied about Quentin Jacobsen the ne:rt day the

security men realized h9 had been playing fbr timc. Ndtp&ay did not'knonr whedter he had. met t&ose bb"aamcs inbqieton on nbt. Th&t is wtry thef drragged hiin to tlre win-

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' .,,I: s€s fascinated to hear all dris from Robbie Botrivtibecause, apart from my investigation into Peggy Seeger andthe Singers' Group in London, I had abo, at tlre reqr.lest ofBOSS, spgff many days checking on twenty-eight peopleand thirty-four telephone numbers B O S S had sentmeffor*ran address book,fsund when Qpentin Jpbsen"-wasalrg$@d.* i l, '' ' "',','r'$wss curious to firrd"out how the Secudty Potice hadfranagpd to cover up, so I made a very careful study of the

, *.Quentin lacobsen was arrested fou! daye sfter Timol died. IIe*as ctrarged under the Terrorisrg Act but acquittcd, niainly becauupthe'coutt-found that a Black agent named Seadom Tilotsane, vrbo'wascrt' itrportaot State witoess, was a liar.

Timol,'ege;, Nodrbg,ehinnrs more deulyihow eome rnagis-trates will go out of their way not to offend 6e SouthAfricarl police or tlre South African govemment. Tlre irr-quest into the death of Ahmed Timol was a shockingtrdvest]r of lustice, and I am quite eure tfiat any personscrutinizing the evidence laid before that inquest will eorl-firm what I say.

Briefl5 the facts as reported.at the inquest are,that on *7October Aluired Tirnol.was being interrogated in,Roosiroz5 of John Vorster Square. The-time *"-4.ro p.nr" Thpinterrogators were'Captain Johannes van Niekerk, CaffainJ. H. Gloy and Sergeant 'foe' Rodriques, all members ofthe"Security Police. The courr was told that a high-ral{risgpolice officer (who was named only as,'Mr Xt because hewas a BOSS operative) had entered the room and saidsomething which caused Gloy and Van Niekerk to walk out,leaving Sergeant Rodriques to look after Mr Timol

Rodriqdes told the inquest that Timol had asked e goto the toilet. As he and Timol stood up frcien the tabteTirndhad made 'a dash towards the window'. Rodriquesrsaid'hehad tripped'over a chair and had been unable to stop T,iqpldiving through the window.

But strong doubt was cast on this story when DivisionalCID inspector Brigadier C. W. Pattle gave evidence. Hesaid he had entered Room roz6 just after Timol had died.When asked about the state of the room, Patde said, tIwould have expected to see signs of a struggle and.chain,overturned; There were no such indications.' Pattle saidthat when he questioned Sergeant Rodriques minutes aftgrTimol?s death he had rct mentioned falling over a chair.

Another officer,who interviewed Rodriques on the,dfyTimol died was Maior-General C. A. Buys, the head of theCID. Two days later Gener{ Buys gave an intenriew to anAfrikqans repofter during which he stated, quite cate=goricdlly, that Rodriques hadsaid 'Timol suddenly iumpsdup and rushed to the'door.' irii.r.r

At the inquest, Sergeant Rodriques was asked to €rE@why he had told General Buys that Timol had 'nrsbcd ro

..ifs*' l**t*}r*r lsss;

' g; 456gr'1el16n lre hsd @' othct sfficrs drat''fbol hd'r.fuCuil nha'ctttooi'. 8p&iques said hedid oot knowl bstr,-€gaoU Buys had come,&oay this, besrrse he; Rodriqupg'

.bdneversaidanything'like'that.',- : r'-,''lr,ti f16 Getreral 'Bu6rsithx Tihol had rushed to'&esindow. not the door''

When a iergeant calls a general a liar he is'taking a very.bfg risft. Btrt Rodriquee *'g savedpomibh embarrassment'

' iffi* *h* General Buys stood in the witness !o1 t9 slverffi*.t at the inquest hi suddenly collapsed while beirry

i**ifu o,rotionedby Mr Israel 'Issy'Maisels' aC (ryttt. f"l*"f family). Police ofrcers rushed tp the general's

*o*i,o*"" and tooi< him qr.to avff{ndah outside-the court'

- ilt;;** of his illrress'uras ncver sated, but a dsqtor mid- ft" **fa'bc unabte to girrc eiuidence' Mr Issy Maisels terH

.G'6,st tltt h was iabsolutely essential' 'that Ct€neral'ilio*

U" t*tffed to give evidence, but the cou$ was told the

G*"t *""td not 6e arrailable for 'rno or three uonths'tecause of ilt-heatth=ll l"r*r, toroot r, drat Creneral Bup was back at work in

, 'bb;m; f.o than five weeks after his collapse in the wimcse

br*: i" ;as clearly determined not to risk eiving evidene

;"i": it bt scrrlpulousty fair'^I wil} correde'tbat crencrel

frryt "*fta

have hade agen"ine.mistake.when.he- quoled

S#*inootiques as sa-ying Timol had 'rushed to tbe

;d;. [* if .rt"i I' so, then yet ano&er oSer also rn'ade a

dmilar mistake.' :Ciri"t evidene at the inqueet, gpoh Glor to{-th9otr. rfti, ttenaa asked Sergeant Rqdrlques hgwJimotha{;;;;Ji"tl.h*ugh the *itdow' Rodriques t-rad ansyer.'ed;i** asking to go to the toiletr Timot moved tsqvmds,tbe

.iril-**m "ri*e"d coqrse and ran to.the window" '

f6e"tr*"d atouittriq Seqgeant Rodriques told the in-rt&l.ltac CaDEin Gloywas-also lvnong' Gloy must have

ffi;d;;J rtitt" :r "did tor,tcll- cary- gtgv anvthing

. ;t;; Timol moving towards the door,' he said'--sr;; ;mcers rri'a mirlru*atooc sergeaat Roddqres?

Thh i;H..iy; uu""us" a third o6er broueht yet anotber

TORTU,SE IN SOUr:!il,AFRICA . J95

contradiction. Captain Van Niekerk told .the.inquest:'sageant Rodiiques told me drat Mt Timol:had,stood upand apparently wanted to walk up ahd down the roourr (tostretch his lEgs). Sergeant. Rodriques had not mentionedanything about Timol asking ro go to the toilet.

Sergeant Rodriques told the inquest that Captain VanNiekerk was wrong. 'I never told him anything of the sort.t '

In spite. of all these contradiedons the presiding magh-*ate, Mr|.I-. deVilliers, an Afrikuuir, said in his eumAing-up speech that he had no difficulty in accepting the evidencoofboth Captain Van Niekerk and Captain Gloy. lahsy grr.ttreir evidence in b calm manner and were extensively cioes.oraminedr'he found.

Magistrate De Villiers also had the impression thatBrigadier Pattle had been a trurhful witness. From thesecomments it seemed as though De Villiers was ping tofrown on tlre decidedly odd evidence given by SergBa,l*Rodriques. But no. In hjs summing up, he found thg.t,Sergeant Rodriques, t$e officer who had allegedly been ,

alone with Timol when he went ttrfough the window, 'ffinothing to do with Timol's death'.

Within twenty minutes of Timol falling throrigh thewindow the police had mounted an official investigati,oninto his death. Photographs were taken of SergeantRodriques standingin Room roz6 One photograph showedRodriques n$rt to the table and chairs, demonstratingwhat happened in the seconds preceding Timol'S death. Asecond photograph showed Rodriques positioning theetrairs as they:had been when Timol was sitting at ttret*ble.Another photograph showed Rodriques' position whenTimol moved away from the table to the window. Anotlprphotqgraplr showed where Rodriques had been standingwhen Timol actually iumped. ,

- The $ct that these photograplrs were takeri clearly showcthat at least one CID officer had been most' aniious to,gather immediate and definite evidence about Tirnopsstrange death. Itlee$rs logical, then, that the CID wtitddalso have taken a star€rnFnt from Sergsant Rodriques as

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gr$*lf ,as,. possible. Nq.lb. Scfgemt'Rodrigue, rt+ld''th€igq}|St:.thst tre'had no( sade,l ttatement &out TinnolSdtp&qntil fourtesr dhys,trater. This wss the firsit and onlys4tfrjtent he had mader hq'said.

When he was asked,why he had not made a rnnineolqpor& Rodriques told the'inquest: 'Nobody asked me tomake one.'

,Thie is wen strangq:r{lh€n you know that SergeantRpdrhuee was oftcially questioned by yet another officerehertly after Timol's death. The officer was Maior J" q. .QFick. tsut the inquest was not able to take a'lookat MaiorFlck's notes on this interview, becaust,Maior Fiek had notmade any, either while questioni4gRodriquee orafter*'ads.None at all.

It was. the 6sile wrlth,General Buys; who had officinllyWeffticage Rodriques shcrtly after Tinol's deattu Ttre,$pncr.d':trad not made any notes during the interrriew, ort&erwar*. None at all.'r;.This strange lapse by two experienced offies caused MrIsqy Maisds to allqe durtng the inquest *rat Maior Ficksnd General Buys were involved in a 'whitewastringexpedition' to protect the Sectrity Police. The presidingmagistrate Mr De Vi[iere said he found this allqpdoq' aompletely urifounded'.';::&{t:trssy Maisels tried to find out the idemity of the,mysteriour'Mr X'who had walked into Room roz6 a ftwseconds before Ahmed Timol fell through the window. But,Ivlagistrate De Villiers agreed to a State request that rio theintercsts of National Security' his name strould not:b€ dis-c,lpoed. To this day nobody knows who that'high-rankingBbSS man wa!i..',dM.,Timol's, mother, Mrs Hawa Timoli also gave

eridsrce at the inquest. She said that ' iwt otu dry before her

wt,dieL four police officers had raided md searctrd herhosre. As *rey.were rumlrryirg thlough her'son's be-hhgings S€ had asked 'Wheo can L see'nry son?', 'Poliman: lYou wos't s@ your eon again.' l

i6fa Timot: 'Why won?t I eee.hirn again?' '.

: ToRTU*g ,XN .sQlt?t .AFA!CA'

'Fl',Miertnati:niHeasettsshi$qgr,t,'u. 1;: j, ;r':r'r'.,Mrs Timol:'I've never h*trrty son, so ],uxmnst m hit

hfrir.'' , r

Policsnan: 'Because you didn't hit him, we will hitrhkrtMrs Timol \trac so upset by this ttrieat m assault hei son

white he was in custody thst,she signed a $ar€rnsrt gtsidg ,

cxact details of her questions and the policernan's anbureilrgLAnother statement was made by brcr husband, Mr Ywtrf,Timol, whohad been presentandheardwhat thc policrwrhad said. Both their statgments were placed before the courgbut Magistrate De Villiers, in his summing up, fouud &at.,Mrs Timol was.'not a very truthful"witness'. ., 1,:r;,: '

' Several mysterious bruises and abrasions were,found'trh ,

Ahmed Timol's body after his deattr- These also carMserious contradictions in eyidence at the inquest. When DrN. ]. Schepers, *re State pathologist, gave evidence that thcbnrises could tibve osurrd durir{g,tbe time.Timol,,t'gbeing interrogated, he was dismisse4and anothcr pathqkrgl*was called. This was Prcfessor,,H" Koch; who said"t$ebrujses dated baek to nine oritwelvedays bgjore Timof *asarrested.

State pathologist Dr,schepers disputed this, Aad sex didProfessor I. W. Sirnsonl ttre inquiry's indepada* medicalGessor. Yet, in hb summing,up,:fvfagiscrate De,Villiersfound 'no reason to doubt' the evidence given by polieofficers who said Mr Timol had not been'iasmulted while.in,''custody.

Magistrate De Vjlliers found that Ahmed Timol.tradcommitted suicide andttrat no one couldbe.blaqedfrr bi*d€ath. He said the possibility that lvtr Tinlol ,migbt hnvebeen murdered or had 'fallen through the window.agi-dentally was rid:iculozsn. Mr De Villiers also said,he'u/asquite satisfid that, although Mr Tirnol,had bcen interrbga-:ted for long periods, he had b6en treat€d :in acivilid..Er*thumane rnanner' by ttre policri at all tisres. .,iil ,,

The rnost widely publicized death in detention waq,$of Mr Store Bikor,tbc ac.lmowlgdgd,sirokesrnan,&d,1sib*reory of-'Bleck Consoiousness' in Surth Africa; Silin'nirs

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held by thp,swurity Potiae q Port.Elizabcth in Se,ptcoaber

,Enr'na 6e Soirth African gwerflrlent has publiclyairiiinea that he was chained to a wall wearing leg ironsand handctrft.r ,During ,the early houis-'of ttre morning hie head wag

da{naged: I was told by a BOSS man how ttris had hap-Dd. The storv had ti€en related to him by Warrantbmbe" Henry Fouche, a $ecmity Police offic€r who was one

cf the men on night shift to guard Biko on *rat fateful even-

ing.,, lFouche said one of his colleagr,res had rEceived a telepbone call at about midnight. Tho caller was Varrant Offiberberharaur Hattingh, a securiry.man whohated Biko. This

'was because tre trad once assaulted Biko and Biko hadounched him back' smashing tris false teetlr. Hattingh had

Leen unable to taice revenge on Biko as too many witnessies

!s$re :pmtent, including three if not four Blaqk gonstables.

H*tingh phoned to saY:

'I hear you are looking after Biko?'Vrhen he was told ttrat this was correct trIattingh said:sGive my best regards to that kaffir who broke my teeth"The.offiter put down the telephone and walked into'*re

next roonr, where Biko was shackled to a gritrle by the wall.F,trlliqg up a chair alongside Biko he roused him from hisslp€p iaying 'Your old friend Hattingh asked me to gxy€

youl hisr regards.'' Vith that he gave Biko a backhanderacfoss the face.

,F'iustrated by hie handcuffs and leg irons, Biko delib-'erately 6?at into the officer's face. In fury, th9 offie9rpunctreC him. Biko wriggled furiously and tried to bite be*.-So

thCI officer grabbed his hair and banged his headagainst.the,wall to,subdue him.,'ilA fem hotus later, when ttre day shift came;on duty, it.hesarne clear ttrat Biko r:vas semi-comatose and foaming atttre mouth. So the Sectlriiy Police drore him from PortSfizabeth to Pretoria. The South African government has

-'sdgritted that Biko was placed in the back of a police IxndRovern'here heremained, naked, without food and without

iii.+ :r',

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access to a toilet, for the entire duration ofthat thirte€n-hour,. 7oo-mile drive. He died a few hours later: of braininitrries,, ., . ..',. .i ,' .,..,'.,.i1

At the inquest the clrief State pathologist in Pr€tori;Profbssor Johann Loubser, actuallyrtried to claim that Bikqtcould have banged his own head against the wall repeot-edly'. ?he inquest fbund that Biko had died of brain injwiebut that no one could be held criminally responsible. : :

Vhen Mr Biko's,famlly instituted criminal proceedingsagainst the Minister of Police ihey were silenccd. Thegovernment settled out of court by pdying Mr .Biki'swidow, Mrs Ntsiki Biko, rnore than {4o,ooo. Anyonewishing to knolv more about that uuly scandalous qseshotrld read the superbly docwnented book Br'fro by thetexiled Sorrth African editor Donald \f/oods (Pengutn, l4l;g)l.:

For those people who wish to believe that Mr Biko.rnigbtpossibly:hays rbanged his oqrn head against 1fus Wal,tr'r:[:should perhaps point out that equally ludicrous srat@@tg!have been made in $outh ^African'courtrooms when de.tainees complained of being ill-ueated.

__I grve a typical orarnple. In August r98o a,pregwp',Black woman, Mrs Ttrandi Modiee, aged twenty;'told aJohannesburg,court'that she was torarred by'Maior Gron,wright, Captain Heystek and Warrant Officer Jordaan inRoom toz6 at John Vorster Square. She was interrogatedwith a fellow detainee, Mr Moses Nkosi, aged twenty-four;whose body clearly bore many large bruises , ,' . ,

'Rdplytng to a question on how detainees could be eo'injur'ed while in police custody; Security Police SergeantE. J. Tierney told the magistrate (and I give this quotefrom court records): 'The,floor at john Vorster Squafe i$so slippery that a person cad fall and iniure himself or evenfrlI while sitting on a-chair.' ,.1

I have an itemized list of fifty-three politicel detainecswho have died in South Africa during the last sevente€rryears. Eight died of'natural causes' (one of those.uagSolomon Modipane who qslipped on a barof soap'). Fivedied of 'causes undisclosed'. Ten fell to their de*&,Ono

.. i :: ' r .

fdg,.r.$wrDa-rBffi$

ittdiftom tarpptiegtion;,. 'frxre tcllictf; Orc dicd of s*rombo*s' frio Aea of besrt'or respiiatory failur'9,'oncdid.of qinternal bleeding', one was 'shot while escapfug'

mdlone ,died of 'gtutstpt niounds'. One died of brainrainries, gnother died of an ''unknon'n i[ness', and twenty-d'osunined suici&; nincdm, of those qhangpd tb€m-dtlv€$'. ,r.:

In Septcrnber tgrloJustie Minimer Petser was asked byItrslleleo Suzmsr:in parliarneot why some detainees were

being held for unrsuqlly lurg peciods before they wercr.eleasd ot brought to aial.'.'Mr Pelser answered: 'I e*plaincd to"the tr'onourbble

scmbefs this afternoon how,dffict{t it is to crack thesepeople. They have beeoraught to offer resgtance.' Afterlatking at:frreat tryth o$ thc zubiect Mtr Pelstr added:

'Y$rlato'flix pt the tnrth out of ttrern. Yotr rnust detain

&etnli,.yor,rrnret interrognte them again and again' Th€ry

liirrc Usr taught to ketp seeitts.',r:.Mr:Feber 'did not disclce the sredrods used by ttte$wuriry Police when they iaterrogate detainees 'agaia and

esial. Br.lt I lr.now.what these are.- Tle Pornquese Storue. The vietim is made 'to stand fCIr

manv hours in a corner. Causes no nrorks qo the body andteavis tlp vi*im totally orhausted with an aching body and

bgdly sr$olhn legs. Mainly uced on Blrelc women. A gpod

softenine-up tactic.Thc Fontryvese B@k Etf. Variation of *bove. Victim is

mde to hold a eardboa{ box full of books above the t\cadfor two or three hours. If box is lowered, the viaisn io'hiton ttre elborv with a stick. Carxes, etnxeme fatigge sa{cfirmp. Mainly used on Blacl woanesr.

[tre fsgp d f*4. . Vie,titn rtrsde to stand-on tiptoe withUo*'rut tied together four feet frsm a'wall. Two fingers ofdlhcod take the weight of the body. Causes disorienta'dCIor..diuy spells and faintiry ft& Mainl!' rsed o Blackmcn.

TIre Clifi &Ise. Victim is fored to sand barefoot halfw sod Uatf oe two house brick$. Afts a ferr hfim tbi*

.-, : . . ,.. TO'*TUSE rN SOUTS AFRTCA . 60r

becomes terriffing. The pain in the feet is intense Bnd themeqal effect is,a fireling of beiag:about tp fgll orrcr a ellff,Alsp causes disorierrtation. Mainly used on Blad<.'wsrre.n .

The Slepp lValfur. Viaim,is made to sit sa.a,wod€ochair in the same position for two or three days by SecurityPolicE operatives working round the cloek on a shift basis,This is the number one favourite torture. It leav.es no rnarke 'on the body and the victim becombs so disorientated thrqugh

-

lack ofsleep that he or she is unable to distinguish realityfrom three- or four-second-long 'dreams'. Talks,.mrnbles ''and answers questions almost without knowing. ..

Tke Monh4t Mon. ,Victim is suspended from warcn,pipes by ropes or pieces of.cloth; Feet are left danglirg:a 'few inches from the floor. So nears yet so far. Surprisiagl!1, .

successful tectrnique. Reducbs the vicrimls lseling, of pridl.and self-confidence. Causes e)$rem€ pain in the 4uns,and :

legs. Mainly used on young B[acks. Nuuo wome&.i , '' i:,i,. '

Tke Paraclwte. Threatening to hold or'throrv avicdsi. ,

out of a window. Victim will then be accused of tryi6$'CI. "

€SCBp€; I

fhe Tokotoshe. So called because the ioUtoslw ie,m,evil spirit widely believed in by rural Blacks. It isthe Derdland can be invisible or take various hideous shapesi a hairydwarf or a magic snake. The tokoloshe used by the Securiqy'Police (and in police stations in country areas all over $outh.Africa) is a homernade electric-shock machine made fhom,batteries with two wire leads and winding apparatus. Theleads are applied to the lips, priv4te parrs or ihe stomactL.A few spots of water sprinkled befor,ehand inteosify the,pain. Victim is told the tohaloshe is running round incide hisbody. Only used on Blacks. One drawback: ttre pain is soiniense that the victirn often has phenomenal memoryrecall and remembers every detail of the torturer's face and l

physical Suild etc. To rernedy this a canvas bag or.potatg j,sack is placed over the victim's head. This also abssrbs thet,,sound of screams, and stops the victim spitting into t&ot,. :

faces of his tormentors. : :.:.,' ;

Tha Cracher. Nothing can be rnore painful for a man

:,* "..::i1, I 1,'1; '.t, , t: '.t

,

.Gd[8 :,.,]fi$tt8$ :ijSOBS;

i. th*n $o,g*iqk oa hie t$i*$ele*"'Two tn &.'A piee of .

ruingor.a shoelaoe with a didirqg lasso knot. This stopc theblood florv, and release carrecg agony. Second method. A pair

.drbrdinary nutcrackers applied for thr€e to four sectiods.

:Dblihsd by the Security Police. because it leaves -very',,&triolrs'bruises. Mainly ued by Murder and Robbery

,::,$quad detectives who nced to obtain a confession frorn a

crimihal very quickly; Allegations of toffure rnade bycitpninals are rarely heeded.by the courts.

The Afun's Apple. The most dangerous torrure of all.So,ealled b€cause the torturer says he is gging to'qqueez€

4€, pips out- of the vigtim's Adarn'e agfle-. ftey lorre ttlalfofte- .t wet'towel is wrapped'mqnd the throat and pulledtight until the victim is aburt to faini' Leaves no marks onttre ttrmat.,The 'duration of mrangling time varies rtxrt*dersofii to persotl; sffite pass out quicker than others, Re-covering ctnsciousness is a horri$ing e<p,=lrience; partic'trlerly *hen repeated serreral times. Death is'only sgqndsawry; Many prisoners have died owing to trniscalculstion'

by the tornrrer. In such cases the victim is strung up i9 hisell wittr a torn shirt round his neck : he committed suicide byhanging. This almoet certainly orplains why nineteen of thosefifty-threepotitical detaid,ees who died were found hengingin &eir cells. Verdict in every case: 'Suicide by hanging'.

',.l[hat figure of fifu+hrEe deaths is higtrly misleading.Ilundrcds:of prisoners in the criminal category die in SouthAfrican prisons every year. Perhaps between 6o and 70 psceut:of tlrese deaths are genuinely due to natural caucdg,

bn* the other 3o to 40 per cent die of what can onty bedescribed as unnatural causes. For some strange feasoattrere is rarely a hue and cry in the press, even ttre liberalprcfl*isbout tbesedeathe. lffhen crifiiinals die it wotrld seein

rbrc fcs people care.: tn ltai 1978 it was officially disclosed that 358 prisoners

llnd died in iail during the prwious calendar year. Twenty-iuc of theirlhad dicd frorn injuries zustained during arrestor'while attempting to escape. Sixteen died of iniuriesaueained 'before their arrest', thirty-tvlo from suicide or

" T9RTURB IN SpIt{H,,I{,I1RICA ':fiG}

'df-indicted iniwies'. A fiEtb€r twety-eight dird fromasurdt' by odra'primers .nr"frsss iEarlt€s'yet to .bedetermined' , :

In the year ending June 1977" 326 sentenced prismcrsdied. Elwen died of.iniuries &Iieg €scape$rlsev€o,@sriaed suicide and the r€st died pf variorrs, natural ersesincluding pneumonia., In the year ending June rg75r:335 prisonere died. Oftheoe, z67,were Bladr. Twenqy.ei4t did of iniuries oru-.Aiaed durifrg or prior to arrestf. -:,

Every year the number of deaths rangpd betwoqo,zjo.rp35o. The South Africa* Prisons Deparunentuses tha phqse'natural causes' to orplain' mmt of these- deaths. But:tf$h'qfrearlv figures are very carefully exanined thcy shos'drat mastoniohing number of prisoners die of 'pnerrmoqisi Thrtwas given-as the cause of death for Eft,y-nine o{.th *67Blacks mentioned above. That year, only one Wlute,g4yiqt,died of pneumonia, : .

In the year ending Junerr974, eirty-firn sqvi{tarisiltBlacks, were listed m having died of pneumonie. Offsi{lprison records show ttrat thirty-one ofthese 'contractgd&illness in prisont, I harre.not singled otrt exepticnalypam:*re number sf Black pri.rcners dying of pneumonia r€msiasquite constant every year.

Even if one accepts that all thooe Black prisonersgenuinely died of pneumonia - and tr firrd it hard to ocqt-the fact that they died of the ailment is itself an indictrrcntof prison mnditions.,Medical expera say pneumonia is-.noq.rare in civilized countries because qoday's antibiotie,&dchsrdcel medicines deal so efficiently with the respoeibleorganisms that pneumonia has little chance of developiglg.

South Africa daims it is a civilized country, so why dosornany Black prisoners die of pneumonia? Do not t$epedeaths stmngty sugg€st ttra Blaclrs are.q$ gqqtfug,adeqqm;,medical treatrnent in iail? This is zurely something thqIqternational Red Cross shorrld investigate. South AffieioIiberal, press can do nothlng about it;,*rey are shacklcd Wtbc Prisons Acr" ,.';,,. ,,. r,.,.

I hwe dte greatest rspect for.the tntematiqraf nea€rooq; il'beti@ it is compood'sf decgnt, honburable peoplewho deserve full praise fot their varied activities all over the

, qi$rld.'But whenit comecto $outh Aftica thcse honowublepmple are being incredibly naive. As proof of this I musticcount a conversation I once had with General H. J. van

'1,,, del Bergh. We were talking about prisonels on'Robbehkland and HJ mentiond ttrat a grcup of officials ft'orn theIpternational Red Cross had iust been given permission tointerview som.g of the prisoners on the island. I conrpletdyrhiaunderstood HJ's reason for saying this, tltitrking he;w88I c-bout ts assign me to write a propogpnda;lcrockdown ofthe

':ryitical report the Red Cr@ wo,g $rerto issue.

' ' ' tOh nor'saia HJ. 'lfq'have'nro problem there. The RedCross nwer publish the firrdtngs of their investigtions into

' @qittFss'ot prisoflers in Sotrth,Africa.' ' :

l;.,,$gsib'I lnisunderstood. 'Goodness me, do you mean toeay we hwe a secret deal gorng with thern?',iNo, it's not quite like thatr"he'replied. 'Ve sirnplY

,have a gentlemen's agreement with them that they can,,eome and interrriew prisoners every now and again as long. as they:do not push rubbish about to-rture and'bad priryflcobditions into the press. In tertns of thls agreement'theysend us a copy of all ttreir findings and, when necessary'

'their recommlndations for improvement. We, in turn,agFee to implernent those improverrrents whenever we findthey are needed.'', *his is where the International Red Cross is ss naive.

$rhat use i$ a 'gentlernen's agreement' with people whorarely, if ever, implement those recommended imprort'e-

ments?,

'$qrnr ,tt-rb Souttt

' :' '::.

Afric*n government has added Yetluriittrer weapon to its armoury. In June r98o a new larn':,wd3 intmduied in the South African Senate whidt drae-

d*lly curtails ttre right of the. press to report the names ofdetailees. It is the Second Police Amendment Act of r98owhich prohibits publication, wittrout priorpolice.permis-sion, of the nam* of people held under the Termrism Aet.

TO,RT{rn8 rN SsUtg.;rrnrea. 60S .,'trt,qlgq. stope publication of, di&tt€in,Csling wi& rtbe con-stilution-, mlvryrcnts_, deployrrent ormettrods used by thepaltpe" thn Defence Forqe or ttre Railwal' Folice, actiig top$Vent or combat tsrorist.activities as defined by;theTerrorisrn Act'.

Nothing can be published about any person or groupagnrqst whom such police actioo is.rdirccted. Punishnreret fortransgressions of the Aet is up to eigl,rt years' irnprisonmeffi,or a Sne of up to Srrooo; or both.,In effect this rneans,thdtif a newspaper he4rs about a person being detained it mtlstapply to the police for permission to print the name. Thenew Act has caused widespread .protest, Professor JohnDugard of Johannesburg'e lVits University said thc.lnw.,,,made it overy difficult io avoid the conciusion tbat *recountry has stepped into the realm of the police state'. TheSouth African Council of Ctrurches and the South AfribanInstitute for Race Relations issued a ioint stateqrent sayrngthe law was 'obiectionable, sinister and vicious'. and couldlead to pgople disappeafng with the public'never knowipgwhat had happened to.them'. :

The Republic. of 'So'uth Africa is an extremely violsntsociety.'The govemrnent tries to explain that awiry,'61f '

talking about the country's ntrnique race problems'. Xllefldo,not mean their pollcy of apartheld. They mean that thecorurtry has 2,554,o39 Coloured'peoplg 794,639 Aeians ardt1,g7o,org Blacks, with only 4,453,273 Whites.*

The uuth is ttrat the South African Police Forcqvirnrally unbridled by government, is largely responsibli,for *re race problerns in SouthAfrica. For anyonewho migttrdoubt that, I must point out that hundredq of outh.African policemen viciously assault countless thousands ofBlacks every month, and most of them get away with it.But a small minority are so stupid, or arriogant, that theyassault Blacks when witnesses ar€ present. ',, :,'.. The following are official figures. In ry78 a'total of z73i,r* Official figures issued in September r98o. (fhey do not includc

Blacks living in the so-called lndcpendent homelands, frad$;Eophuttxitsrverre and Venda.) ' ^ ':' ) : "tt' :,' '

r:6ue',i4$sisrrsof,a

i',', ;i

.* seri.ourtime,ofo&$m:roiraipgfu,&*ablt';t'ict^* bodity harm (rrhidr includes tomre)'to- anlpable

.ffiitO" m murder. Yuc over 90 per cent of their victims

f,rt€r.ejBkds Of thosezT3 onvicted polimerr, only mrcn-' i;;;;aischargedrtr6m tte police force' Again, r have

,*t *,oo* an o.ception*ty€ar at my or*r,P!e In 1975 some

'ioe *ti"*t* were oonvietd of ctimes of violenceagirinst

6[i puUlic mostly Blacls:; Only eighteen of thoec policemen

mriAis*rargea ilom *re force. In- r97o oractlyz3opolie',rien wtxe coivicted of crimes of vi,olence; only twenty-{eleft the force.,t f* the lpt two years- thc Squth,.tfriem Preurier' Mr

: P. W. Botha, has be€n ffrl "f'pq*aitct

about reformrind'aib"ttur deal''for Bl8&'.:'Ixtest' figurcs strow that during,lh" y*t.rg?g,a'lotal of ta9 polioernen were convicted oforl**' ff

"iituo"" against .lraenrAers of"ttre Smr*r Africsn

*tfa most of them Black. Ninmen'of dloac policemen

[rA ot "i* convictions for exactly tlre some otrences' Oftboci zzg onvicted policemen' only tw€nty wTe discharged

*,from ttri force. Also during tylg a total of +S6 peopb,

'!"ttty all of them Black, were shot by the-polioe 3 tltqwere-'att@tpting to escape'- Of these' 163 (aduhs end

iuvenites) diedfrorn polioe bullet wounds.

; Pr.-i;t Botha started rgSo by pnimising'e lesseningofp*ty spartheid re$rietions'. Yet' in May rg8o; cxsctly

,1,961. Blacks were gflEstd in Johannesburg in one siagle

dy - oo Pase Law ofences'- i",*. year ending June 1979 th9 Soyttr African polb,larrestigadd a total of zoS 'Immorality Act' ceses *hcre aperson-of one racial group was.suspectcd of hlvilU;.orintending, sexual intercorusc'with a per$on :of am&sMt{.5h&ooe,'eminnts" 355- were draged into murt.,|, sndfndly" the latest official figures disctose that duringtne v* rgZti tte So..th African gov€mment nade olrt''of-

- -;utt 'dbG'payrnents to seventy-eight pople who oddprovq ana Uroultrt tqat actions against the police for,irnteiytl attect' assault or tornue.

' , r ,.- .i..::t 'l

"'1"At rr a.m. on Mondan rz |uly ry76,I'held my tiny babyscn Guy for the first timc.'My fitsi dlild, he was five dapold and had just been brought frcm thematernity homc bymy wife, Wendy. As I looked down ar his seemingly ugly,squashed-up little frce f was overwhetmed UV an tii*ldaI'd never enperienced. As I held that tittle human beirry Ipronfsd myself he wotrld have tbe best of evetye!{&,Toyq food,.a good fattrer and gn exellsrt sctrooliag:.frrtnatural reactiurq I'm surc. Then tb most ridiculorsthougtrt flastred through my r$ind. .

.'Btacks have babies too,*Put like that, in oold print, it looks sillp yct it see

logical entension of nry thor4ht-prcceses. I wacted fhebest for fty-sq-rr. Moot proud fathers.ds. But sorre of tlrooefadrcrs are Bld. Ye*;'Blacks have babies too. I sirytyould n9t get that idiotic thought out of my mind. It ccme offthinking about"the incredible hardships sutre-d byBlecks in South Africa" The l,ong hours they crorftedl thadespicably low wages ttrey received; tbe sffernpt etronnthern by the maiority of rilfhites" Yer they hed ctrildren too.Mosr of thsr at least three, usrully five, and quite oftenbetween sewen'and ten. The lorc that Blacks Uestow oocfiildr€n is lqend in Sstah Africa- Nobory csn deny tha(They work thernsdves tb a standsrill toelothe srd f€d,rlrcirchitdr€n properlp In spite of arerytlring,

Thirfting along these lines bred a nsw awartne$r in nrc.Froen that nrom€hr on I took particular notice of Blacks andtlnir cfiildrcn. I a*od guestions I',d never asked before and l

eaw thinge which had always b6€n"th€re bnrt- I'd n€r4fnqioed- IIow blind m Vhite eyes'be? ,, ,:i.,,

Ihad a Black maid nanred Bdith l.ikornawho had.gffilme duee yeard lryal serrdce and dffied over Guy u&dn,.he

] ,,i!i rr:rI;

i;t;i

i;li;i'.\i:tl';iti::

, r,,'608:,r tt$s,lllE,,,Bo$s .

'.: rygqborrl Edittt bad bq@,.pqid'f,40 aaron*r, btrt I uppod, it'tq S8o aqd invited lrer daughters and granfctrildren to

my home to play with.'Guy. ,I talked to,Fdi*r oq a widevari€ty of zubiects and during one conversation discoverdshe was a personal friend and house €pest olf Gatsha

' Buthelezi, the leader of South Africa's four and half million' Zulus. Just imagine thetl Sdithhad worked for meall that

tlner'and I hardly knew anything about hetr. It's so typical, .of the White ma{r in South Africa. i

, , A/ty n€rfit awareness was a devastating e:rperience Itdidn't happen overnight; in the beginnitrg I made, a deter-

' pined etrort.to resist all this alien thonght._l *"d the 9,1d

' Fretsria balm that 'our Bl4ql$i in South Africa were, after' all, better off thaq the B.lacks in other parts of Africa. ButFate wgs ngt going to,let fiie get away with that.. OsE aippry winter's day I was trarrelling through lohan-

*eo"burg's densely populated Hillbrow area with my Bla$driver Solo,mon when I saw something moving rn a side

alley. Grabbing my camera I ordered Solomon to stop and, '.went to investigate. ft was a wrinkled old woman with a

blanket round [er shoulders. She was eating food out ofad-ustlin. People eating out of bins are not all that surprising;I had seen tramps doing it in London, Paris, Madrid and

. Hons l(ong. But this wornan was Black and the bin she, was rgotirlg through w€s at the back'door of a 'WhitesOnly' restaurant. I watched in dismay as she scooped left-ov.ers into her mouth. She saw me taking photographs of

, heri but she couldn't complain. My skin was White. Herfirst curious look changed into that submissive deadpaner,rpression South African Whites"see ex/ery day of thehlives. This made me feel worse" Blacks don't dar-e to questionthe'hebaviour of Whitcs, howwer strange it may seen.:. -W"rr" was to come. The woman ferreted dee-per into thebin and found a congealed mass of mCIshed potatoo andpeesi This she shoved into a small plastic ic*'cream eon-tainer and walked away wittr it. Fascinated, f watdred her

' ftirn into the basement garqge bf a'Vbitds Qnly' block of,I .

flats. Sneakigg after he& I peped round the corner and

: A.cI*[tD:1s sbx]t , 6db

sm,bcr hTrrliig gfig:Iilgrie bot lo thre litde Blr* tidslrryinltrlhs$selves nerrt s, rffie:ho(;watef, pipec.

A-Ib* d"y*latec:I went ts my local.snrpermarte to buysmoked oysners for a dtinks pcty I was grving rh4 ilig$,As I,sM in the gtore I mw a rrcatly-dressod glacft mEflpuning thrce tins of dog food into.his ernpry wire shoppirlgbcket Wirh him were his two ltorrltg sons. One of thesriaged about ten, wrinkled his nose and said sonie*fring. ?lleother bry, aged about five, turned to his brottrer asd srniledas he,replied. Althor4h *rey had spoftea in sorne triballanguage, I knew in my hert whar drey had said. As th6.'man watked away widr his sons, I turned to a Black stropassisra$t who hsd b@ knediqg n€nr to us re-rtocking 1..:now stretf, I a*edhim to tell mewhat dre two bovshad sa]dbokirlg shurdaced he said he did not know. T?rat i$ afsotypical of the Blsckmm in SoutbAfrica. No way.is hegoingto tell the Whitc boss anything which might cause oftngaortrotrble. ,. '.,,'.

Derernrined to l$ow the truth, I refieshed his mcrntngby holding r;p a two-Rand banknote (roughly f,l). HLrerir€mbered &eo all rigbt. The ten-year.old boy had seidtNo, not again, daddy.'And his fiveyear-old brqrhef hadsaid 'tf(lhy not? I lihe it. It makes a nie orrry.'

Still not wanting rc aeept what I had heard, I hneltdou,n and started quizzing that Black shop assi$mtr'eD&people really eat dog food?' :

He gave an indir.ect snsw€r. 'Wcllr,it's Thursday, yousee.t

I didn't sce, so he patiently explained ttrat Blac*s werepard on Fridan arrd Thurday wds a twr day when rnorr}was short Many Bla* farnilies boughr tiruied dog tirod fora curry $rppef,. If I noeded proof of this I should watch dre_dog-food shelvgs on Thurday. The o,nly day the shopssi$ant hsd to rdll those ehelves,two orthree drn€s wson a Thursday. He even kno' whiclr brands sold betrerthan o$r€rs. The noct popular was 'Pamper'; wtrieh iitii6ll ehunlry meat and ost ttlirty-rwo cents. I?ith panDcryou could takt your ehsiseof chicken orliver. ' '

- .: ,i: ,:i:-..,1:.:.,. :. .\i:.*r,'. .,,,,.,,1.-

iiril

p1o,' r;g$!ogl'acgcl,, i.

' ..r .Sref,gtiSg rq;,hie : slrbiegtrrl&at irnwitting pnopagandist "df ashop eeoietett totd rne:th*t tinned dog food was cleatr and,8ped,foryou. As proofof dris he pointed'to thelabet. I ieidthew1t$,print carefully and saw that the cortents had beeneooked under high prwure and had been rpacked underEondjtions prescribed by Health Deparmrent tegrlations'.$gglmlng up, the assistant said 'In any case, it's better *ran$taf Meat.',,.For, pegple who have never lived in Souttr Africa that

neds erplaining. Staf Meat is what Vhites buy for theirSlaek servagts. All butchers sell it. But you will nst qee,it

hq{tgnry in the window. It's always right at dre. rear of tha*trop or in a back room.'Ilhangs.on hooks and has a colourranging from a pale yellow-white to reddish-brown.'Iwouldn?t feed it,to my dogi yet some butchers even boastabout i3,1Yorl,can see signs in their windows: 'Our, Staff:Mqt b,the cheapest in town'. And I have photographs toprove it. Telephone any Vhite housewife in South Africaa"d th. chsnces arg that she will most likely admit buying.$tefrM€at for her Black senrants; If you point out that it islugh and third-grade offal she will probably explain: qAgfu

man, what you people overseas don't seesr to understandis that our Black people ar,e differerr to the Blacks in youraouffry.'Ours like their rneat tough and ripe. They doo'tgolfor steaks, liver and chops bought by the Whites becausettrey say it haq no taste.'

, That's the stock answer f got whenever I asted about StaffMeat.r Slowly but surely, ahhough it took months, I began,torealize that all those regular pronorurcements made b'y rtapUnited Nations, whlch I equafly regularly denied is, print,.Iv,trfr tlug. Soqth Afripa rea$y-waq an uniust society.;But

,'one,cliagp tg,the"good life and wears ,blinkers becau$e it'sBainzu to facg the truth. Then other faqors raised doubtsih rrry mina. One was worfrpg for The Citigen.L was ge*ingsick of wiiting slanted stories for that propaganda rag.

Another tring. It slowly dawned oR me tfuat during.theirihoie of my spying career, whethex lin South Afnica'or

, rr C&II.D fg, AORX ..6f f '

Britain, the only people I had reatly liked or admirtd wercdwgys on.the other side. Tboetlemy" lhc dcqgotbeople.Tbe inteligpnt people. TbeSz all hated Pretoria ana despisedapartheid. I had a good,brain; why hadnt.I slired thislong ago? Yes, f was on the wrong side all right - but therervas no way I was gping to let tlrat interfere with my life.It really was a case o{ I'm all right, Jack. Or; as the Blackscaustically mispronounce,it, 'Youlre all White, Jack.'

The fact that my'begt friefrd, H. j. van den Bergtr, hadfallen frorn power had nor affected my position as a spy.On the contfdry, my number one controlef,' Jack Kerrp,the head of South Africa's Counter-Intelligence Unit, hadeadier assigned me to mount top-level propaganda attackson Presiderrt lismlt Carter, lus Waslungron entourape iugeneral, and the CIA in particular. .Kemp told me I wasdoing this assignment at the personal request of the newPremier, Mr P, !(1. Botha, who loathed the Amaicmq.Vith Pretoria's help I had mounted some speqragqlat eq$ipage smear attacks on suspected CIA agents in SouthAfrica, so I was still goldor boy as far as the Botha rqinewa$ concerned. ; r,. , :

,I was getting a monthly salary worth {rrooo frsm ThiCitizm, including a free car, all repairs, fubl, cleaning andgaraging costs. There was my BOSS salary po, now raisedto {3oo a month. Tax-free. My wife was the fashion editorof the lohannesburg Srar and earned nearly {3oo a rnonth.\Ve lived in a luxury penthouse flat with a garden, aod lif€was so good that we easily stashed {5oo in our savingsaccount every month. No, nothing was going to spoil thatlittle bed ofroses.

Then came the cnrnch. Cynthia Montwedi, the daughterof our Black maid Edith, was suddenly Aeiained Uf ttr"Secunty Policc. Edith came to rne in tears ana begged mqto help. Knowrng Cynthia had not the slightest interest in;politics I asked Edith if she knew where Cynthia was beilgp-.,detained. Yes. fohn Vorster Square, she said. Oh my QgThat meant only one thing: Room loa6. I dashed to,trcphone and got through to V. P; 'Stevq' Le Roturi.one of

:i.l,r"i:

"1ri,

: ._,...,';.-1 t .::' '- :t , : ..,. -.'. ,:;.

;"ttfiid::r;,@reg:bo$t , .,, ' -r'.','' :,'' ,.' . :.,.'. , .. .' : :

".,,ryr ffi.S,bOrtdters borod'thers- YeC l$,,scid, rGeptQb: ,, €fo&gfrt was'in ctrargedCyn&ians sse. Captain Arthtr

.€'dlifuiitrt.r f knew htri'il€ll. The rnost brutal'bmtardrin,ufS,hbnnesburg polic cir"ckg; known to all Blrcks as r'Hitter's

, rldriptlerrr because' during interrog&tion sessions, he'al*ays,ee$rrtd of by boasting:ttist trc was dhectly related to AdolfHitler.r Gilovrright, who knew f was a BOSS operativen had

:. ortce:told'rne he was nol redly related to Hitler. 'I only say'"'&t:,because it frightens the shit out of thern,' he orplained.

I telephoned Cronwright and gave hirn ri guararnee drati-ffithiarwas no Communist, adding that iflhe !*Bnted'to..get any information out of;tt:efiltihight'be better to releaseher'and let me do an infitg*tion iob. No need to-take her to

,,Roorn to36., ' 1' ;' 1

' Cmodnss, rnan,' he said. ' Don't worry at all. If C5rnthia's,llgiifter wor*s for 1ou, tell her that's good enough for us.

r'',"l eill look after her fine. lfiou.can rest asbured of that.'' ,,:-:'ffign Cynthia Montrvedi was released from detmtlon

*rce lrrceks later, she kept well away from my flat. It was' . lonly mo4ths later that mywife Wendy spoke to fier and heud

somcthing she did not lik€. \trfendy came straight back to:me and atleged:thdt Cynthia had been cruelly tdrftr€d;

.', i8fu'$ tyiagi' I'said.

tj.lr:\ti..,1 ,

!i r,i '.

tNo; she is not,? ssid Vendy.' lHow do you know?' I retaliated. 'You wer€n't there., Vbu can't know what happened. I'm sur€ nothing happenedi,to.tr€r, becauee Captain Cronwright promised me she uruutd'be: looked.after.r ' "r

At this point I must e:<plain that I had never told Wendyther,lwas-a BOSS qgent Shc,rhad heard the rumous, but

,i,'[,ft{d mvtrioea ner"that they were all tripe. \Xrh,en it camel$ coirvihcing het that Cynthia had not been tomrred, how-igrr6, strc. stood firrn. "That lcoman was tortured, arid if you'don?t do something about it, I will.',:

' if,lre last thing I wanted was for Wendy to-get into'hot

,trlater, so I reluemntly agreed to talk to Cynthia. I set up a,@pb',reeotder ln my flat, I sat C5rnthiri on ose chair and

Sr-ady & ,*irdlet; rtr ggsd ilretldf e p€n,dnd nqtebtlok: *rrilordered her to write down everything Cyflthia {taid. Adopt-ing otiurnoorri.procedure I gave Cynthia a hard tine-libhtfrorn the start and interroggted her fsr two hours nm.stop.I played every trick in the book to get hier to contradictherseli but I was wasting my dn6.

This is a condensed version of her story.

Jewel Montwedi, agpd twenty-one.

'My name is Cynthia Morrtwedi, dagghter of Mrs FdithNkomo. I am aged w€nry-eight ind work as a packer inthCPick and Pay supermarket in Randburg. I live at rr4Fifteenth Avenue, Alexandra Township, lohanrieoburg,with rny two young children, my mother-in-law, iArt

- Johanna Montwedi, aged fifty-four, and rny brottrc*inrt*lru,

'On 5 April 1978 Mr Roland Sibisi, a fri,erd of frlrhusband Sam, wne to our'house with a pareel whidr.heplaced on the kitchen tabl,e; The parcel blew up,and ldffi'him. My husband Sann, hearing the blrt, rea irway.altifihave rtot se€o hkn sinoe. I do not believe hekne* any$hgabd,ut ttre bomb, oth€rwise he would not have atlo*uO if tobe brought into the home, where our fwo.year-old son wselecping in his cot. , :-r ';

:The Security Police rushed'rormd to our hofir€ a$ddetained me along with Johanna gndrtewel. I was taksralone to Room roz6 on the tenth floor. As I walked into Sermm I saw four White Sectrrity Polie officers md twoBlack coastables. Without speaking the four Whites knock€dme to rhe floor a$d kicked me round the room, taking carc,nst tokickme in the face" The two Black aoilstablesdidDshit me. They iust stood and watcH.

'As I tried to run round the ffoor on all fuurs to escapetheir kicking, two or three more White security officrsentered the room and jnined in kicking urd punching me.on the body. At one stage, seven of t'he eight Whites we*ualt ki*ing me at once froni all sides. Then ttrey all *4,lkg{otrt, teaving rnc with the two Bla* policemen, one n&€irl-mUUnga, a Zufu, snd tbe odrer,named Tsetsewa rl,:.1,.:*il''

'Mr Mhlanga was eynrp*henic. He told me: "Ysr nust

' '' 1:rrr\rt:i:i: -..:. ";:'rt. irr.,;;,.!:'|r:l:'. a t.., \i.t

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tiill,:,:;:ri:':.,:,):

6L'*1',InlgrpB'30$$'rr:" r, .

teltr &€*$,what,they wffi: tq,know. Theee meo'havs,badhear.,torgsd,,they can kill.you if you don't.talk.",r,'.':l rhen four of tbe Whitc eecurity men canre'back into the

rqom gnd started asking ne questions for the first time. Asth;y did so ftey hit me, They spoke tn English and neverre6rcd to me by namej The,y called me bitch. One askedlf ny hand had ever been put into a pan of boiling &t.Another kept asking me if l had ever been in an aeroplane.

When I said I had not he said he had a parachute in JohnVorster Square and that he would send for it. :' .-'

, 'The'Whites left the room again and I asked one of theBlack policemen to tel me what all tfuis,:talk about a para.chwe meant. The Black officer,told me that detainees hadfallen out of the window there and that if I was goingthrough the window I would need a parachute.

..'Fstu:hours later I was taken in a lift down to an under-,Sfqttfld4nrage to a block of cells in another building. I wasplaced in a, cell with a coir mat and blanfets. A Colouredwarder brought me food and the warder treated me well..,rtTwo dayi later, shortly after 9 a.m. on Friday, 7 Aprilr978i I was taken to Room rc26 again, and there was theBlack officer named Tsetsewa and four White Securityoren.The lghitee,placed me on the floor and tied my arms underrny hnres. They placed a broomstick through my knees soI ad{d not ierk upright. Then they placed a canvas bagover my head, tying it round my neck so it did not fall off.I \eard a whirring noise and the next thing I felt-was waterbeing dripped on the back of my neck. Then I felt sevemlterrific:shocks. Pieces of metal touched my neck every timeI felt the shock. Then some water was sprinkled on my barefeet and I felt. the metal again, f,ollo-wed by Sharp shockstlrmoqt$hout,my body. I screamed but they kept on ihockingine. lbey also shocked me on the insides of my elbows andunder my bare knees.

oThey took the bag from my head and untied me. Whenf stood up and-'was helped out bf the msm one of the'[/hites punched me on the head causing it to bang againstthgwall This gave me v,ery bad pain throughout the night

.'. . :

, . A 6lll!.r*,rn gOn.f.t ,r6l*,i.]

:ed,[:M thewry&r to gct me a doctor. A Whiuidoctsrqned' I thinh Jacoba, who,wa*,Iewisll, anfir€ ro €*amirleme,.ttrelooked inro my ear with s$instrum€nt arrd toldmeny q6r drum was perfurated. He askod,rne if I_ hdbgtsrttrred and I told him overytlring: I think he mustrhsViesaid something, becau$e the secrrity men did not *tphysical violence on me again" Instead they tct* me badeto thc tenth floor and made rne stand in1Mf FoUtiiilBouwer's office with a cardboud box full of bmks over$head. Mr Bouwer and another White seeurity man namedJordaan hit me on the elbows with a short sdck wheneverIloweredmyarms. . ,., .

'They kept me standing with ttrat box over my head ftoft '

rr a.m. to 4 p.m., and tlren r€rumed rne to rtty ctll. Nent ,

day they took me back to the tenth floor and threuened togive me electric shocks again if I did not talk. S?hen I midthat I knew notlring and that'I had told them everyt$gg.l-anyway, they made me Starld urith tnro rclephone'direc.toti*,, 'over rny head for the whoh day until 4 p.m. Then rheytsok me back to my eell. One hour larer, at 5 p.m.; ttriymade me stand to attcntion in the middle sf the roorn:i*{t*ff least rwo offigs there all the tirne to nrake sure I did notmove.

'f stsod there from j p.m.IVednesday right rhmughthenight and the next two days and nights with only short 6i*sl*to go to the toiler or eat food from a tin plate. My fcetbecarne so swollen that I had to take o,ff rny shoes. On.Saturdry ev-ening after standing there for more than se_vilrtty. ,:hours I fainted from exhaustion, and ,the n€xt thinc ircmember was waking up in the hospital.sectisn of t!rc FtrtPrison The same r$7hite doctsr, I thiqkrhis narne is lacdn,c&me to see nlq and whsr he saw thehate of mv bodv anisrryollen lqs he had me.transfer.red ro a,eell with a Uelt-. fteasked me if the Security Pdlice had torsured me. Biifore {,ans$4red iI asked him if hc wctrld tdl chsn what tr sai& :

He said.hc would not te! the police anything. So I told'hiileveryEhing. He seemed friendly and was kind. But then dieSe$uity Polis ,eame .and tsld, sre dlat.tlre doctei'trad

I

.616 . rwslug Boss

r rayed,me and'told *rccr everything. I:do not know'rif,lhery;werc tdckinC me., tater a medical specialist carlre torcfiSli4e me and he was'quhe kindlp I told him all abouttfse*orare and he gave de,pain-killing tablets when he saw

,thest&te of my body. La@, when I felt much better I was

:.&ken back to the cells io Jolm Vorster Square. This time I,wgs *ell tfeated. They gave me a sponge mattress on the

' 'bed.in m5r cell and clean blan&ets. The food they gave meqbs good and there was plenty of it.:.:, 'While I was detained two Vhite magisffates calne to see

if I had any complaints. One was named Steenkamp. Bottrofthem took statements from me wh€u I'cottlplained aboutbeing tornrred.r 'After being held for ttrre weeks I was released:by the$ecuxity Police,' T'heytold tnethat if I evet breathed a'wordto a soul about the tofture they would come and arrest meegain, and this time they would hold me for ever and Iwould never see my children agBin.',, : \ffhe[, Cyothia had told me all this I asked her what hadhgppened ts her msther-in-law lohanna and her brother-n"law Jewel, who had also been detained with her.. 1.I know that they, gave shock treatrnent to Jewel because

he was in the room ne)ft to me when I was holding thatcardboard box above my head. I heard him tgreaming eli'ery

fEvu sscond$,in or*ctly the same way I had screamed whenthey gave me ttre shodrs, I did not actually see tewel beingshocked but I am quite sure he was, because not only did Ihoar,those scr€ornsr he told me later that they had'donethat to him. As for my mother-in-law, they shocked h€talso, She told me so.'

. I-was .particulady iinfuriated,by;oce aspect of Cynthiaj',4qgrwe&ts $tory: t$e part where, on priday, 7 Apritr, at'rxo a:lnrr ehe was being given electric shock treatrnent.'Thattvqs,the time Captain Cronwqight had ldt Room roz6 toar$wer the telephone. To speak to me - to tell rne th4 ifCvn*ria was a f,riend of mine I was not to wo!ry. 'Wetllciok after her fine.' To make absolutely zure Cynthia was

rtot:lyir€ to me I asked a friend sf mine in BOSS named

..l

.Cql Krog ta:find outif ehe tmd been,giiren the.rtolrsloshe'cle€tric,,$hoek tseatment. C,*rl one spied fonBQSS inLoudon arrd qn the Continent. He was a more so'phisdeatedBOSS man, and we got on fine. He was angry when tr,toldhim about Crorluzright's stupidity and, after making discteccinquiries, came back to me with,full confimration of whateynthia had told me. The way Carl told the story,,thoJewish doctor, thought by Cyrrthia to be named Jacobs, ludmade some kind of official complaint about her conditimafter he,had s<amined her at the,Fort Prlson. That wapwhy she had suddenly found herself being reated well andgiven. a soft sponge mattress I on the b9d of her cell. WhenCynthia left my home after.telling Vendy and me aborec'heterrible orperiences Wendy turnJel to rae-and asked me.lhatI was'going to do about it. . ' r,; !

!I'm going to defect from BOSS,' I told her. 1Wi;scgoigg'to,leave this country and I'm going to vrite a,M$exposing the whole damned thing.' :' ,t,

Vendy did not appear to be shoc$ed by my con{bdsltn , ' ,'

to being a BO S E agent..Perhaps wives don't always belimtheir husbands'cover-ups. i.'ii,.r'ri:ri' . ,,

Cynthia went to a trustworihy lanyer and moufltcdr'& :r:*t

/;,rscn darnages action against the Minister of.Poliae; The ',:,i

rnatter never carne to court. The government.,silemccd ";t:

Cynthia with a substantial oqt-of-court wttlenrent. Und€r ' ,

the terms of this she had to agree not to give ury statementson the subiect to the press. Or, to put it another way, tax-payers' money was used to stop Cynthia telling *re'.tar*.' ': ,:'payers the truth.

Planning my defection called fol subterfugs: ft nould ,r ,,ii' r l4ulruEr llIJ uslvulrull wwu lvl- DuvLvIIs69. rr wVWg , l.i1.ill

have been easy for me to ffy out of the cguntry. As a tnrsted 11

inan, I would never be monitored by the,B O S S unit based ,:,,:, ': ,;

at Johannesburg's Jqn Smuts airpolt. nut my big'problei* .,., -t":i#

,: ^. : 1.,;fr;ii:',1;was getting my files out. Vithout tt-Iose ffl€s I could never '"iwrite a'book giving dates, fiames srd full details of all ,l

-

events. Those files filled nine,large filing cabinets and certained every notebook I had usedr nu$bercd.from r to.gg$from the day I started work as a iournalist. I also-had e

/:l

:,t:,!dl-'i

lliiwcirc''hthx+smd.ryrtrili dvitrg'thb.reaneq,addrutsee endr

full:dotstvof' every pers9$'*'had epied on'during drqoirigfiperrr,yere. f,'he filee' *bor'onuinid dippirp:6f gvery'

'trtll l;hrd wriaeo arrd pryne,Eoroqo negatives of ervery

i1erycon't'had,photographed, during my spying career. Ia, gddidon'to this I had dozems sf secret BOSS docgnent$'

books, qies of repons and scrrcral letters intercepted byBOSS. Sometrow I had to get all this stuf or.rt of the'&t&rtf,ir.',:,'tdn6itpt O.r6tu*.was that I had to find a good exctrse tokave The Cirizee. BOSS would hcve beal'a.rspicious if{sldocruy* gave up my iob as thei,r -c*eBropagandist. .

' 1rl:Tt6 solution came one nigltag I'n'a$ havlng dinner with:ur ota London frieod" \lriilie,'Srnith. He rold Wendy andme a funnv story aborn rwo ctooks who were touring Sorath

Atibs in *:fl"*rv American car. These trro men were calling

"&,WhryG .arrns and conning farrners that &ey were pla*-nine to Dublish a book eotitled tlte lVlto's Wa at South

AJrAs, Fartners. They were pulling about f,3o from anery

*itr" *tey stopped f,t: not bad money for ten minutes'talking.

;q,s WiUie told rhis story I realizcd this would bea good

oover $tory br rne to use when-r€sig1rnq from Tlu ChieenI $bnt ts alacryer and asked him to find out if anyone had{p'di€d for the trade nark for a Fmnerc' Wlo's Wn.Surp'risinety, nobody had thought of it - surprising because

,*lrg,e.are rnore *tan 68'000 registered farmers in-' South

$&ica end.at least roo,ooo large plot own€rs.

. ' As soon as I obtained the trade mark I sold it to a young

Johannesburg advocate named -Roland' Ackerman for[1r1crr,and he ie now bdrnsiryotut,the Wu's W]m: ,,

-.,;,I. m* out another trade rnark in the na*e Tlu Vho's*W ;" Satth Afticar s FnnW A*ncrtrJ4 left Tlu Citiznand set up a @mPany to bring out a largB and srrish

" reffetablt'book containingthe names arid colour photo-

-, grsphs of drc top roo farmers in Sotrth Afi'ica. The multi-iiliionaire foimers, who ltrye thousands of acres, c@play

' .'.,J.-': A cEiLD rs,rtoeu. 6rgi

. joo to 600 B1sck fem laborer&, brryitractoffi in lots sf tecand.fly round their properties in.private. xircra$; The: ideawas that I would interview each:gf these farrrers abo$t,thehistory of his farm, take flattering colour photographs of himwith hiS,prize,bulls, and then charge hin a substantial sumfor wery page he wanted in the book. This would'havc,raised ai teaii {roo,ooo; addd ts ttris was a guaraart€ed

{roorooo I would have got from advertising revenue. AII*re top fertili?er compbnies, banks, fanning implementmanufacfirrers, seed producers and dremical cornpanietwere mad keen to buy space. One fertilizer company evenoffered me {ro,ooo if I would write a glowing ttree.pagg'history' of their achievernents in South Africa as a pub*licity 'puff instead of'them buy.ing ordinary advertisirryE)ace. '

'

'trt really was a fabulous idea which would clearly havemade a fornrne. My bank manager guaranteed l.nrqdd ,

rnake at least half a million profit over s ffia-lear period*:Otre year to interview the hundred Fp famrers,8id:.9ll€year to bring out the book. Even.H. I. van den Bergh waskeen on ttre scheme and gave me introductions to, sw€relwealthy A{rikaner farmers who, he said, would.be'ftuiotxif they were left out of such a prestige publication. i

Being the kind of opportunist that I arn, tr was sorelytempted to stay in South Africa and'drop the idea oJdefect*ing. Far better to make:a lot of money and give some toCynthia Mqntwedi and her family, I reasbrred. When I.suggested to'Wendy that we,should stay in South Altieand make our forrune, her answer was sbort and to thepoint.-

'Money will never buy you self-respect. If you stay,I go,',

In my heart I knew she,wes right. So we went andrleftthat potential fornrne behind. Vendy sent all my files outof the country in fourteen sea trunks under her maidgo '

name. \V6lefiJan Smuts airport separately. Wendy csryi€d.' l

my mos3 valuable BOSS documents in her trandlag",e$d

:. _:l

: 1.!

,shtt*lt' l*fl!:nfo &e{hctEld€r peds of:bcr errcrai &lti-o*i.a i'as Guy. Weflcw to Paris and I smred n'orkocthis book . -:1.::l'l : ']:

, CoAooiaiog t"i* our arriwl' ln Europe the highly publicidltitf qf i;.*y Thorpe wits coacluded'. .&! Thorpg, his

.Or-rrei UUo"i Party trea$urer,'Mr David Holmes, carpetg f* Mr-John le Mesurier, and gaming machine opef,ator

'ltilctorgi Deakin were found not 8uilqy of oonspiring to

ourder male.model Norman Scon.,-'* ' only one comment I want to mate on tl*'.Qlil.nraUtluiaf. Th. *ott important 'Cnoirn witnes agairtst

ilf" fircrp" was his formei'&'teild Mr Petgr gessdl' who

was tlt" Liberal MP for Bodmin from 1964 to r9?9' Mrg&"[ who was flown from America to giye a{dertce*a*,-umte 'very aamaging allqatiorrs against Je{ETy,$t&e, Sut the-iury at thai trial was trot aware of all th9

.ffi;'Thcre was o.ni astooishing ttring they w€re not toldebot$ Mr Peter Bestell.,;;{rffi; gesseu''white he was an MP, wm secretlr-T

isettt of *r. A*"*can CIA.* Hewas recrtited by thg 9l$i;;*7,and he not only collected infomatioogbout Britieh

"ofiii"li* for t6e CIA; he caffied otrt special resignrents'On ttott ou"tt"o and also in Asrerica" I was not only told*ris quitb catege*cally by the head-of BO S S' Gelreral H' I'*an.i* Bergh' tut atso heara it from impeccable sources

at top level in Britain--J'I &iffi,understaad how ttre fact that Mr Peter B€sse[

: *s$ a CIA agent c:une to be suppressed q tngp$ Baikfhearing. I kn6'w that several legal men involved in that cryry

were well awale of it :.- Itlra;; s ttrat Jeremy Thorpe was acquitted' Bu-q wbat

If *ie v'erUia had-gone agsinst him?'Would'he theil not

hwehad vatid grounds to complain if he had knomn thamhe

rfiost Atm"gin! Cmwn witness against him was a CIAogsnt?*cofI. Mr Besseu'in fact deaied on oath in the cnurt'prtceedingut

""d n;t"t"i"t his denial, that he has evcr been asgociated in any way

with the CIA.

A csrr.D Is BoRN. @!:

. ThbF- is e qgcetiorr that lrds to,be'a*e4, ipd l hgpe,itwill:haveocqlrred to many people as dry'. rtad thb book

De the intelligenaq,outfits in ottrer sountri,en.,gei'lip'"the same kind of,tricksr smear techniqges, lies, di$*.rtiqqsidiqinforrration aad deceit as those used by BfISS? ":r..';:

The tsst word rnust surely go to my forrner sey{Aa$Fqand mentor, General $. f. van den Bergh. I knour eq{cllywhat he would say:

'Tbey'd be snrpid if they didn't.'

.11'j

:ii

n';,-:1 rl:,;l. t'':

l'' :

American Lawyera' Committee,43t' 433-4

American Soci€tY of ^d$icsn .

Culture,438Amnesty International,

2t4-24' 297t 3o?r 322Anderson, Colonel, 558Anglo-American Corporation,

37' 323, 462Anelo-Zanzibar Societyr 332ANGOLA, 527,534D 577 trgold, Fik, Tlu' 544Angolan war, 543-5.{ngry Brigade, 4r8'Annetjie' (agent), 316Anthd, Dr Jossi, 3zzAnti-Apartheid Movement, 84t

r74, t78r 2Or, 2981 3O3: 33r,35o,4r8, 473t 57o

Anti-Apanheid Novts, z3o' 334t376

Anti-Communist Movernentr J27Anti-Demonstration Association,

3c,6Anti-Semitism,8542Apartheid, 46,49, ?25Apostolic Churdt, 257Arab Palestine Resisance, 574Argintine, 452t 5r9Argus Group, 352'388Arouca, Dr D., 549asre (South-East), r7rAsmal, Kader' 378Aspin, Irslic, 53c-32' 544Aspinell, Tfevor, 455t 53rAttieh, Rafrrr 5o5, 5o9Aubrey, Richard, r3r' r34, 136

Aucamp, Brigadier J., rI9. .'

Aucamp, Jen Ouniot), 458Austin, Bunny, 297AUSTRALTAT 2O.4, 3t7, 337, 489'

527AUSTRIA, 5r5, 516

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'Abb€y Ufe Assr$aoce,294 ',Atbdlffii'Eric; 223, !2e2t :'Ackcrman, R,618

, Aqoxn House, r83Adgmsl Joyce, 248Ader, Daver 4954Adler, Iosier 497Africa Sorth SlzAfrica Sottth k Erih' 572African-Americarr Institute,

&74,433,437,439AftkwQomwds6368Aftican National Congrees, tn

g,35, et 5zr 6ot 7rt 1Xr 77tr24, r7g, r94, 232, 24t-4t3p3 3r$ 3aZ-3o, 35r, 365,43ot 579. 592

l\fiicen Resistance. '.42r'93r 99t 432t 57r.African Tertile rlforkers'

Union, zoAffiaqfl Voire,55ollftonbladet, 8z'Agee, Pbilip,4r3Ageace France Presse, 432fuBncv for International

Dwelopment,43TAlotandn, Prinessr 4zrNexandra Township, 34' 6t3ALGERTA, 17 ! t 2IO, 245t 432,

569Algerian R0volutionary Council,

245Ali, Muhammadr zro-rlAli, Tsriq,4r7Alienc Act, 88*lkn' GeoG 4s9

: Allcn International, 4rr'Amatanr Athletics Association,

2to5 lJlAMBBIcA, t"7r 84, t7t, zo4t 337,'

3821 43o' 525t 527' 53o,544,588

'Bebcoc&, &ebeect, !rg' ,

.

Babotie,6zBock, Ilarry, 552Bahiger, zo3Banks, John, S33Jl, 3,44Bangue Louis Dreyfug, 5olBantu Affairs Dept, zz1; 226Baragwanath tlospial, 66-2,Bardien, Toufie, r99Barnard, Barbara, 49r-aB:rrnard, Chdsr 4gr-zBasson, Nic, 3zrBeaumont, Lord Timothp 472Becker, Theresia, zzzBeetge, Jannie, 48o-8rBehrens, Heinz,27, 5r5i, 5arBeichman, Amold' 8r-zBeira, Pam, r5-r8Belford, Don, 534Benenson, Petet, zt7Benjamin, Funi, r5e5zBennioo, Elizabeth, :86Bennion, Francis, 38r, 383-6r

390Bennun, Mervyn, 348Benson, Mary, r38Berbcrabtz, Gunnel, 389Berman, Maimier 33Berman, Monty, 57rBemard Van Leer Foundation,

494Berinstein, Lionel (Rugty),

253Berry, Alan, 389Bessell, Feter, 397, 4oor4o7,

457,620Bethal trial, 585Beyleveld, Piet, ro5, ro8-roBhanabai, Basil ('Bhana'), 3r5,

592BTAFRA, ?961 542Biggs-Davison, John, un,

33r-2Biko, Mrs Ntsiki, 599Biko, Steve, 4j3,482, SniBitkby, Carel, 554Bjene, Eric' 83

Btack AlXied Vo*drs' Union'432

Black C;onmgnqry Prq$sql, 432Bladc Pesddo €onvegtic.4, 43aBkckburn, Normsn, go8, tg6Blass, Bernie, 27r-z'Blonde spyi 3I5Bloom, Harryr 348Bloomberg, Sarrg 3o8Boddie, Don, 34o, 375Boilermakers' Unioni j75Bolt, Rob6rtr.176Bofus, J., r53Bond" Bonzo, 297Boaman, lvlarianne5 268-82.8qshoff, Johanness Jol ..,i'

Botha (ctriefwerder! tltrt tS4Botha6 Gegrge, 58r , ., . l

Botha, Judge, D, H., q42Botha, 'Pik'R. F.r 45aBotha, P. V., zor, z;l5" aJti;t .

295, 454'537t j{Ze ! 1,, '

6o6, 6rrBor.swANA, t6, 3o,, 72, 75, tTot'553 ", ,:" ,

Bouwer, A. H. ('Alf'),45r rorrzz4, z8tr 2gor 3ot,3o3t SrSt3Et 327> 3z9t 344t 352, !69,38r, 388, 4ca, 4\6t 4r,8, @472t 59

Bouwerr.Audreyn a84 4o9.. . r,Bouwer, Cheeta, r5;o-5rBouwer, Robbie, 59o, 615Bracken, Eddie,4r8 'Bradbury, L (' Johnny:),

t35.V' t39*4r, I5a:.5I, IJi4 l

Brando, Marlon, 176BRAZILT4S2 ,,.tBrazil Herald, zz3Breytenbach, Breytcn, 546Breytenbachr.J8ttr,546Brg4en!ap[, Y-olq4de, 546 i;British Aircqft Corporationr. -

574 .:.1. i:British Broadcasting

Corporation, t78, 3rg, 4g2j,456-8, 46o, 467, 47or 577

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527,532-{, 568, . : bAe oko Speeial Brqrdr)'''Srockway, Fenocrrll^?t gl7 :

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8runrs;Enrtus, Men zo4Druar&Wllftidj !r*z,o+ze&

Brdbi; leDcr (tow'Ambassador)' zr8

Brooke, Yolande, 329Brookes, Ann, j3lo-32Brooh, tPiilianr, 574Brown's Garap 4o3Bnrcc, Gordoir;a82 : ''Brummer, }lgm,t4??r42g'''Brunrq Dcrmis; r9r, 2oot

' ?ot-r'trer?n 258t ttz' 3t5,'r$,3:5?4Bnmrq Mrtna, tgtttg6rznl

,, 3t-3' 356" 365,367Futib; Stcphen' zzo&rc$rtgbam Palece, l8r-zBur$coarr Partor Fierre' al7Miqir:Fctcr add Brign, 3488urrting, Rebecca' 348'Brinti4i, Scrtje.' z7?' 3491 351Bunting' S. P.' 348Bureau of Strte.ScqnltY,

forrration of, zt3, iz44Burleigh, Glynnis, 93, 98Burni4rurctrill' Georgp,

t2r-2Buthelezi, Chief Grtrhe'. .49?t4'r-r 6o8l' : :r' '

Butki' Sydney' r5o' r53Buys, C, L, t3?, Sgt-,6Bye!g,' Ibrd (Franh)r"4o6-7

Gaetano, Dr M.r 364C,sllaghan, Jrrncar MPr 375Calhn, €slonel'r J3t4-6

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6rr . '. "'

Cagsem, Olmr; ertCastle, Be?bar& 4rECasfio, Fidcl, zo9Catholicrs, 8&Cathloic H*a|d,343Cavill, Ann (Mrs Jus$r

HelLusthl roE-9Csvill, Iohn, 22oCBS Ncws,432Ccr*ml Offce df Informatioo,

268Chamberr, !?hiteker, r47Chamile, Andries,6jcHANNBL tsLANDs,489Cheeseman, Frcd.' 47e7zcHrNA, r5g, r8o, 54\ 5;57t 569Chinese (in SA),48, 16rChipenda, Daniel, 537Chitenda, Man, 564'Choc Eleven" 537Chon Hing, 159-6oChristian Aetion, zg44Christian League of Sorth

Africa, jz8-3o,'j3oChristopher Robert & Cr'., 3elChurcfi, Serrator Frank, 169r

CI A (Central IntelligenceAgency), t1g, t+7t, t84-7,zo8, zt4-t6, zzo,2961 345,4r3, 428-4r, 483-4, 5o4,538, 54o, 5444t 552a 557t57t,6tt,620

Cillie, Mr Justioc, rz8Cinderella Prison, 7:,4 '

!::i'r.'

Citizn,:1,fta;134n 3380 l4iii' :'r

47442i SoailJirSr. 5)iz, 5a8,536 539, 54741 553' 576

Civil Senice Club,258Clark, Mike, 35jCleaver, Percy, 553Club of Ten, 334-4r, 426, 47g,

49rCocke, Erle,486Cockcroft, Peter, 379Coetzee, Danny, r5rCoetzee, Johan, 45, 59, ij3C,oetzer, I.P.r 34zCohn, Gerhardr 343Cohn, Gertrude, 343Collets Bookshop, r74, 388Collins, C.anon John, 3r, 65,

2O4, 2t7, 243, 277, 279-8c,,294

Col,oured People's Congress, r79Coloureds, 48, r5t7Columbia Printers, Holborn,

35rCommine Engine Fourtdation,

$8Comrnission for Racial Equality,

333Communist Peace Medal, zoCommunist votersr 4rgCompol, 233Comrde, The,333Concilium (BOSS HQ), zr3Concordia Development

-Ncnaqualand, t32, rg4, T4rConflict Studies, t7ocoNGo, t7t,5QCoirgress of Democrsts, ro2Connolly, John,357Conradie, Abe, rJZ-8Conservative Party, 4roConstantine, leary, zroContacto ZzaConway Hall, r74Coolg James, 3r4Cook, Stuart, 298, 3ooCook, Thelma, 3r5Coronationville Township, 6o

rNDSx. 6,Ar,

cosEq 4t8Cotter, !/illim,427-8Cn-unter Information Sanriceot

323-4Counter-Intelligcnce unit lof "'BOSS)' 4s, so,3z9t 6rrCorrtiour, Roger, 456-9r, 4qoCousins, }Jarcy,426Gover addressesr r73-r4Cowley, Morris5 $3-4Cranbrook, Earl and Countess,

244Crang, Mary, r8rCraven, Dr Danie, 3r3Creamer, Roy, 4r9Crichct Consphacat, The, 392Cronwright, Arthur, 5gg, 6tz,

5r6 ". i,'Crozer, Brian, t7o-7t, 544Cry Tlu Belooed Country,3zocuBA, 2ogr, 223, 432, S4r|r 5@Qsadill, John, 352_3Cunningham, James, 54rCurlewis, Mr Justice, 587Curran, Sir Charles, 456CYPRUS, r7rczBcHosLovA'(',P,r T4

Dadoo, Dr Yusuf, 3c, S9zDaily Dispatch,4SzDaily Eqess, 237, 32g, 47r,

535Daily Mdl, 244" 307-8, 33tDaily Minor, r83, r88, 363,

452Ddty skeuh, *gDqily Telegapb 163, 33rr39r,

454t 534Dale Carnegie (SA) Ltd, SSrDas Ka?ital,494Davies,Bernard, 4o4Davis, Reverend Don, 257Deakin, George, 6zoDean, Malcobnr'3o6Deas, Sue, tirzzdDe Beer, Eugenc,286-8De Boers, ?2$ 462

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?elport, Vlok, 337Dernqcrstic Aati-Demo, Otgsqizetionr 3T2DaNMARK, 83' 85Deqnct, Johnr 575De Oliveits, A. N. R.' 54rDepgrFttcot of Neriwl

'$esirritt.(84)' 225 'I,rbchoux,, Dddnique' i39-4o

Deonond, C,omas, 2lY2aDeutscfrc Prtts Agenur, z7Deueche Vclle, 5?7De Vater, N. V. D.r 4orDc'Villiers, l. L' 595-7Dwlin, Bernadette

(McAliskey),328De Vries, Baeil, r97De Wet, Dr Carel,489Diamond brlbes, r?7Dkk' Nancy, zr9

. Dh Bnrgcr, t9t. . Diedericlrs' Dr N., 5o3, 5ro-t2,'

JI6-Diederidrs, Nio funior, 5rz

"-S$aNdc€i&:V.4;{!!' .:i': rjFe Sro$h{r,&rieiart, Ai3 "lla.Bruyr4 Hema, aroDefene Force (SA), 543,566'PtfbgdCryrpalsar ]92!t :

,De Gslei Chatlest r7r ' '

De Jiger, Breggie,4Tr'De Keyser, Ethel' 34+ 358, t89

Diogo, Tony, 547DiscuM PeoPIc, zt9Division Cl of BOSS'

f Dini Tricks'), 237,3@Dolphin Sqnare, t67' ?orDor Saqtw, Dr Msicelino, rlDo$olavskyr 4rDovaston, Roy' 526'DrcyeB Ertk,85P61sq Ttaiiititu, r55r t59r

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Dube Vilagq Soweto,68Duggrd, Prof. J.,6o5 ,

Du Plessis, 'Dr4)e', t47, l49tI5I_3

Du Plessis, J. D., 58rDu Preez, Ben (alias Scauss)'

55r i

Dutch Reformed Church, ro4Du Toit, Pat, r47J

EAsr BBRLIN|zor3r;2t4EAST GERM/WY|2or242Ebbete, Lesley, 394Ecorcnist, The, tTlEslin, Colia, me,42741 436t

43HrEgo, Prosper J., 485Elago, Matheus, 566Ennals, David, r9r, 398Ennals, John, 358Enthoven, Martin, zzzEprile, Cecil, 156, r59, 169

t82, tBS,321.Equity (actors' unioa), r78'Era$nus Commissioo, 5z3t 529t

5584Escape route, 75ETHIOPIA, 252, &T 439Etsinger, Jan, zz3Evans, JiIl, 1854, 236, 2,14,

27Or 2741 29t,395, 472Evenhry N ezos, 34o, 373, 37 54:

47rExeter Uaivergity, 34EExpasen (Swe.den)r 3zz

Fair Play for CubaCommittee, 432

Fairer-Srnith, John, 3o,p, 3rzFalling I-eaves, the, Zr'False-flag' spies, 345False passports, 44u:7Firnon, Jeremiatr,273Featber, Vic, 57j

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Feacr;dga of }{$eef Pqinrnt!' and.Dgsr&tor8, atrFeraadier, Anro.4rq, S4rFerila$de#Vima triFerrcira, Ib,nel,55rFerreira, Lieutenea\ ?4t 23!Ferronha, Dr Antonio, S5rFerus, Johnn zzt-3FIFA, zooFinancial Times, t83, zt4First, Julius, 3rFirst, Ruttr, .

sze Slovo, RuthFisctrer, Bram, ec, ror-t3,

r4j-8, zo3, 254,347Fischer, Molly, I47Flynn, Terence,297

III--4, -:r-+, s3z, s4o, s43FOMACO,553Fonda, Jane, 176Foot, Michael, Mp, 24Ford Foundationr 43TFord, Sam, r35.Foreign Preos A,ssociatio+

r8o-.8ar 4zr ,

Forcign Student LeadershipPmgram,438

Fort Hare, 2o3, z4r,243, "Sr,435

Fort hison, tzz, t38r r4j-54Fortuin, Bill, zg7Forum !florld Featurcr, r5g

r68-7tr 3zG7, SuFouche, H.r 598Fourie, j., 167FnANCE, 17,2O4t 3t7t 4r7t

432, 486,5v1, S25t 53;7t S6ot544

Franco, Francisco, r7rFranz, Mora,y,68Frescq F. fLr 295Frasen Roanie, r7gFraser" $an&, jj4FRELIMO, V" 548-SoFretrch, Rogcr,r 376yrencn-'Iutclllgrncer44tr46.6,

537,54o

mcud, CkscoE *tEr 47zIr'fiednlini, Ilorn Er-+f;rleadloe me qf&fib,aserryer, I-)€tcctive Sergeaot

4r4-r5'FUMO,,549,Fyeh, David,3?9

Qaitakellr HrUh, ejzGand4r, L O, V.r-rrg, rz3t

r28 . I :,Ganga, Jean Claude. zoaGuoer, Daier.r83

-

!a$ryott""{y, LadyG,244(ieldenhuys, Mike, 45, 416_4P7+t 437t 439, 562 :

Geller, Uri, 176Genenl LawArnendmt Ac$

57Geds, D" K., r98Georgiades, P., j3S , ,, :German Intelligence, 3!t, {41}"GERMANY, tgb 2j, tot, Z*,,. .

221:2t 337t g45t g54n 414r., :4t7t 43o' 443,48$ 4Sfr:SI{;

^ 5r8, 525, Sz7, 537, 54+ j6tGcrrar4 Johq fZ8 . ::Gestapo, 85 iGhana, tSg, SgB :

Gibson, Richardr 43r-aGilbert, Vic,4r9Gillis, Judge Bemard, 39rGlasgozl Heradr 3gt.'Gloy, J. H." S93Gluclvnan, DrJ., rzeztGoldblatt, Frede, 348Goldblatt, Jobn, r83, zr4Goldberg, Denis, 253, zj5Goldberg, S., zr7 - -

Golden Rmdezomsr 5z3Golding P[iljp, z3r-4Golding, $Tinifred, z3 rqqq*i+, Arthpr,32,253Goldrcich, Hs?el,\tolclrelcn, ilAzel, 32-3 , ,..Goodwio,'B9by Facel,,fm.,l i,.

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Ocnd Rixr loermcsburgr 52+Grary (csctpceL 146; f49'-Gd'ter

Unaon cmrncil, r74ennfq+,sali:138, 4r7 I. :' -

. Sietowood; Emie, 375Grevling (warder), r48Grimond, lo, z5z

- Grobbelaer, Blaar, roz(flotdiatt, r83, zr8, 3c6,, 3zr,

g28' 3?6, 363, 37 5, 38Q7,4rrr'42t' 4254, 459' 4684,530

Gustd;an (South Africa)' a4g'Gldknore, Jose, see Roberto, H.GUINBA, 538Gmede, Isaac, rz9

Ilain, AldeJaiae,37os 39r. ,

Hain, P.eter, roor.2ro, 3o5tgp-gg, 46o:-42t 4644' 49

llein, Sally, 387.Hrin,:Velter, 37oIlain Defence Fund, 393.Lftin.Prcsecartion'Fun4 $SIlaii, Mwadini, 333ft*llctti George, 364-5Haoilton, Charlgtte, 167Hammer and SiCkle frles' 4r7I:taWsted wtrl' Higrgato, Exttax, g43Hansard (SA), 36Ilanson, Mr, 5o6Ilardy, Peter, $5Iihfgraves, J. A., 575Fl{rtnelr'' Michael, z9Hamn, Imam A., 582Haron, Mrs G, 583

, Ilarris, Jarnes ('Ted'), 438''I{smb, John, 94-rooI&irris, rPopeye', r5rHg;rvafd University, 17Ilatqngh" G., 598flawkins, Arme, r8z

; Il*vtrcyr Cbafl€s, t?6;575,H*zdhtrot"' Petg' r' 252Ikkyr'Dedsitgti, 33rIlcstb, Edwatrdi ,$P; ?27

Ifcbemann traucatloirgt goots,205

Hancl Hctnpstead Ecln, 343Henderson, Di*id, 176Ileperor Roland, jr5-22 'Hepplc, Bob,253,347Herbstein, Dennis, r83Herf, Hans, 5o5, 5o8Herrmsnn, Frank, 39rHesketh, Lord, 54oHesse, Fritz, r5rHeysteck, Capain A. M., 5gH. F..Venroerd hospital, r13Hiemstra, Mr Justihe, r3o ' ' '

Ilika, Fr.anrs, r3oHfllmore, Peterr 468-9Himmler, Heinrich,36Ilipkin, John, 333Hitchcock, B. !f. D. ('Bob'),

308Hitchins, Laura, 65Hitler, Adolf, r9, jj,86, 88 :Hit magazine,4SrHoare, Colonel Mike, 542Hodgson, 'lack', z9-32, 5gzHodgson, Rica, 3r-2, 2'lll2 zlit

349,353Hoefling, Rita, 483-4HoLLAND, 2o4t !37i n7g, 486t

522, 525, 527Holmes, David, 6zoHolmes, Edwardr 4z8-9HoNG KoNG, t34, r'g, 42t4'Honorary White', 339HooleS Frank, ttr, zroHooson, Emlyn, v.P,4ofuTIlope Lerecc.hc & Sayle, roIloqse attest, 6rHouse of Commo4s, r8zHowarth, Gerald, 382-5, 39oHuclfeld, Leslie, ur, 337Hugo, Eugene and Margaret,

,188Huisemeo, Frikkie, z7S4Huisamcn, Gideon, 27 5-6, 27g,

zlz .'Human Rights Commiseion, z6z

_H'trnrn $igbts f,orrrriuee, rraHumanttiee P:,oiect, 333JlunUoUt Ferbvnhip, 565Humpbreye, John, zr9Huurphry, Dereftr 36lz

ICARIS, zo4Immigration Law,88Imrnoratity Act, x6 2or 48, ro3,

48o, 606Inacio, Hermino, 277Indian Congess (SA), r79Indian government, 256Indians (in SAL +8INDONBSIA, 223Inforniation Departrnent, 68,

r77,558' Information Scandal', 339,

515-25, 558I"k"tt,n Movement (of

KwaZulu),435Innes, Colonel, 555Inyide thb Cottpoty. A CIA

Diary,4r3Institute for the Study of

Conflict, r7o-7t,32tInstitute ofRace Relations, 3ez,

6o5International Business

Machine Ltd (IBM),323International Coun of,Justice,

2c,9International Ddence and Aid

Fund, 9, 3r,65, z,q, zg4,349,35r' 353' 359' 582

International Red Cross, 6o4International School, Prague, -

74International Student

Conference, 438Internatiolal Univenity

Exctnnge Fund, 564, 569Imtitation to South Africo,335lRA, 2J77, 383, 4iz, 482, S3.3IRAN, 2?3TRELANb, :260, z7i, it:L

34\343t 378

' :rNDgx;l 6l&

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ISGOR, SogTSRABL 86, g; ztg, 1zgIsraeli Intclligene, &, 467rwcstta, I7oITALyT 245t 3t7; l'z7 : : .. "

Jacobs, Dr, 615Jacobsen, Henry, 589Jacobsen, Quentiri, r83,

589-9,2JAMA.ICA,3g6 , .. .,, i:Jamesons Derek,237JAPAN, r33t 3r7t 331Jardimo Jorge, SSo

-

Jardine, David, lZ6Jelliman, Elsa, 3S9 \Jesus, r93Jcwish Boerd of Deputieer 8Slettish Chronicle (SA), 88'Jewish Pmblcur', the, 87Jewr, 85-92, 38otohamcsburg Stats zg5 ro3ir x5&

2'/l,i!{o; Jg27 4g8' 61:,,,.i; , I ,

jolatmesburg Swdqt', ?{rnffij aa,8r, 82, ro8, ge/z;.9!2;,9621, :t.

5t5, 52r, 554Johnson, Lyndon, 187.Johnson, M. A. ('Jobnny'),

22-4,261, rr4-t5, rz6; r6E,236, 3o5, 3g3, 4zzt 45r, 476;5t7t521'523 . ' :i.

Jokell, Victor, 3zzJones, Gerald T. V.r 288Jones, Jack, 575Jones, Rosie, 288Jordaan, J. 599, 615 : .l

Jordan, Paul, 376Jordan, V. R., S5zJoseph, Psul, z9JJoubert, Fritz, r8r-z .

Joubert, Marie, 3orJoycer steu4 a&

. .",.,.1jriKai, Mr Ho Ghee, 159-6r "

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wr ?93,3ry1t 33*4rr 17ot4i, Sor;5o8, Jro, 53z,1 536,,51o,6tr

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3274Kent UniverritY, 348Kentridge, SYdneS rz8trBNYA, 548

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,., I(hnnr Sherrif, rJrKhoaripe; Lucar, tzpKhoza, A.' 585Kil.cyi Deqqifr EEli; 185; zr4Kbg, Corena--eg4King, David' zz3King, Jesniftrr aogKiDg, Martin kfihcr' 17, ?94

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493' 495t 1974Knrshc.bev' Nftiar rcn-3Ku Klrut Klanr ST

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KuwArrr 5o8 .

Labour Psrty, 33rLlrbr$ctragec" fred lod Ri$

3t2-r3I-acev, Eric' 375I-agraiue, Jean (McClaY)' zga4I-a Guma, AJ.qoztTLi**ootn Bishop Donglr 484I-ang, John, 57rLaurencc, Paric*, 35p{Leballo, Fotlako CF.IC')' zl*8,

3r7-t9,430.31LEBANON' 463[: BraY, lrdriorr 537Lce, Christopher' 176

Leeds University' 347Leeuwkop Prfuon, r29' r5r-2b

t6t, zt4r 487Lefewe, Alan, 466Tdevre, Dr Dianq 465-7Le Figaro' 539Legum, Colin, 352Le Mesurier, Johru 5zoLennoa" Johnr 277il*ffx,-w:i'. titiat r- noesl,

488,6rrLesley Prisonr rz4LEsorHo' 3t8r 4831 573Lestor, Joano lrP' 338Letanka, Stenley' 244Letlalo, Bridget and familY, 77I-ctlalo, Tim and Ptt,7zGJJ", Tom (alias Boou, alia!

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LctJdo, lfiliwt, 7r,7&8Levy (prisoner), r5rLewfu, Fcthcr ifrihur, 555Lelrd$:MesBiiSg 'i,Liberal Pany of Soutii Aflica,

zgr 4t-zr8.4. 95, WLibcral Party (UK), gglLIBERTA,463Liebenberg, J. lL,284Lindeque, P. C.,45rLin Mehmel, 556Lobatsi, Botswam, !7t 3r-zI-ombard, Ham Jurgene, 3n

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GLCLoodon Old Bqrs,3r5London School of Econonicg,

349Loubser, J., 5919Louw, Eric, z7Louw, Joe, r5-r8Low, Benny: 162Lubbook, Eric (Lord Avebury),

3791,393Ludi, Gerard (Gcraldl), ror.ZLutheran Church, 566Luthuli, Chief Albert, 17 7r,

t38,2421 254Luttig" Dr H. G., zorLuyt, Louis, 524

Mabelane, Matthewr 58oMabiiq Nimrod, zr9Mabiia, P. ('Harry')" 58rMachel, Samora;547Mide6 Julius, qeg'Madhouser.The', t45Madida; Asron end Lydia,, -ssoMagidson, Bernard, r48Msgo, Elizabcth, z8ZMqsgban€, Petct, zzg r' z7zMatrarat S. R. and Tim, a6o6rMahlatini, Fred, zr9Mahomo, Nana" 43rMrhon, Bcrnadette,9

tr{Dtx ..frr

Maimmcr'Arthrr nd Jeaay5592

Maisels, Itry,5g4,tvlakarioe, Altt&iirliqp, lil. Co I''

504Mitki4cordolrrs2g' " ,,r;ir,', ,

Malan, Genergl Mapu$rt$45, ,

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Ma.poza, Arthur,8oMarine.,Dia$ondColp@

3JsMarslrill, Belta, zr8Marshsll Squarg 32, .i4j&i IJS

253Manin Lutfrer Kilg Mcmcial

Fund,294Manr, Karl,494Mascarenhas, Anthony, er8Mnseko, Jimmy, r49Mashaba; Paulus, z3tMason, Petcr, 3io9lMatanzima, Chirif l(tiec, a5rMettlrcure, Michecl, r48Mathews, Prof, Z. IC, zogMayekiso, C.alebr z3r' .., 't'Mayib*ye, ?3Msqeba, Z I., S8rMazitulela, Victor, 234Mbcki, Govann z13tz51Mboy&, Tmr,54oMcBride, Scan, zogMCC (Mrrybb6oc'Crictct '',i ;

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Mck*osh, Peter, 554McKsy, Gerald E, zo9McManus, James, r83Mcphilter, Ross, 383, 385' 393Melleneg Yieot' zz4Mervis, Ioel, 8r-zMethodist Church, 88, z5rMedrven, Stuart (dias Martin),

s45Metterlink, Charles (alias

Morgan, H.),267Meyer, |-P.'iF;; $Mlda@.Rs$no{rd' 255

n ldliianga, Couetable' 613MIs' 37

"- ' lvlicrofln container, 79I lCititgrv intetligence of South: A,frrga (DIvlI),'Sr, 54o,

' 54F58MilUgan; SPike, 176MillinshiP' Bill,48oMills, David, 3rrMills, HaYleY, 176&liaerals, 429Ministry of Ddence (British)'

466*tMinox'spY'camera, r72Miirty' Abdul, 57o

:" . i&xed tvlarriages Actr 48Miuiib, zr8Mlangenir Andte& 255Mngomezulu, Ma:rr-zt9Mobunr' Sesc Seko, 545,553'Modipane, S., 583Modiee, T., 599Mokoena, Dr Joseph, 246-9

, Mokoen& Triste, 248lvlokonlrane, Dan" 348Moloi, Elias, r5ztvtondsy Club, 33o

Mondlgne, Dr E. C., 564MONCOLTAT 326Monnredi, GYnthia, 6rt'r7Montwedi, Jewel, Jobanna and'

Smr 613Morake, Andrew, r5z-3More, Brigadrer Charles, 52oMorenor Mrr 5o6Morgan, Henry (alias

Metterlink, alias Bruce),264-82

Mornins Star, 242, 37 54' 378Morris: Michaelr 3aoMorrison, John, 295Mg{risonr Lionel, 333ivlorrissey, Sidney G., 554 'uonocco' zz3Mort, David, 5rzMos@w, 4rr 73, rozt zlot 242,

26tMostert, M., 57rMotau, Edgar, 74-5Mothopcng, ZePh,5874Motsoaledi, Elias, 255

MOZAMBTQUE, t7, 2O3, 349t53r, 537,545-53

Mozambique National \Resistance (MNR),545-50

MPLA, 539' 544-5Mpondo, Bubbles, 48o-€r'Mr Chips', 279-8rMugabe, Robert, 55o, 555'-6Mulder, Dr Connie, 3351 339t

34r, 5o5' 522Muller, S' L.,55Murder and Robber-Y Sqrtadt

136,6q2Murray, James, 575Mvemve, BoY (alias Dube, J.)t

564Mvemve, Doglas' 564Myert, A. M. $. (1Sue'! 4op

NAMIBIA, P9t 5371 545National Ftont, r7zNational Liberal Club,336' 389'i.it l

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4,1;ti.

Netiolql Studcrtt4S8'. ,.'''' ' :.t'" .':,:. '

NttioritlUdbd;o{ :' '

Distributive l?orten(SA), zo

Natbngl Unbn of lmrorlistr'(NUD, r83, 3t6,!zz, 387,589

National':Ltnisn of, SouthAfrican Studena' (N U SAS!223, 346,3jt-2

Natiornl Union of Students(NUS), l+6

National Youth Action, ez3Natiocal Yolfb Or$nlzation,

432Negro Pr.ess Intanatiotl, 43tNehnr Award, 256Nel, M. J. ("Ihyr'), z5-8, rr3,

t!5, t2!, r23, r38Neto, Dr Agostiabo; 539t 544Neu African 57rNeuss at Tcttr 3o4Neut Statesrw4 zt3Nat Yorh HaaH Trblry.,StNew York Times, t7t, 572NBw ZEALAND| 2oli lJ'le {&!Nichas, Charohnpos

('Lampiet), 338Niehon, Vddemer,437Niesewand, Peter, 363, 367NialrlDc Rcnz (Holland), 479NIGERIA, 83, zt2r 3r7Nght Setrools .{ssocietion, z16Nirrety-day detentioa clause,

57-8Nkoana, Mattheq 94Nftomo, Edith,60?-8Nkosi, Isasc' r48Nkosi, Len or Leon (Spiv'),

34-5Nkosi, Mces, 599Nkrumah, Kwamer 538Noblc, Alex, 388Nof,fke, Catl, 28, 483, 492NORTIIBRN IRBLAND, 223,

36i,4rz,423

:fi{Us8,".is$, ,

Nor& Wcrre*';t9dvcid66r r' ;' IIllinois,204 .: : .

NoRwAY, 2rBNoticiasita &oira1.g5o i,, " r ...Ntsalo, 'Bully', 245Nt$huattiha, Dr l{.r 585 ,' ,,r::..

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Nucltiar Fuel Finance 3.S'" tS3Nufaka (cir:Nfehi), ts.,3m ,: :'r ..

Nuiornar Sarn, 3r8 - ' ''.r, r''ilNyathi, Johnson Vusicrud .

Ivan, 583-5

Obscrtw, 32, g&,, ?S*3o r&':'.47740

Omeil Secrce AEt (SA), g5o,56

O'Hagrn" Timr 5tl-ztOiukwu, C.olonel C., tg6Oliveira, Ped$e.A-, 5i4r' ,. . .

Olympic Games, eoor sEri . '.r:iOwttlfu*tur366'. -,r::,. r:r:'i:.: . r'

r8o-day detention drqrc, r36tt42-54, r6t

Oosthuizen, J. J. ('Ooaie), SrOpen Universit!, zr1' Operation Borman', 268.' Operation Buttonhole'r. 573' Operation lVheelchair', 579Oppenheim, Nathrio and Vro.

Dyk,5o7Oppcnheimer, l{er:y, 9234,

4621 465Oppenheimer, Sir Emest, 370ppenlieimer, Mary, 465,oi6anizarlon 6f atl&i -trlnltg,

(OAID, z4eOman, AIi Lau"br rjo, rjb3Oscewabrandrvag (Ox.nnggos

Guard), 19Otiopo, Mr &, 74Oxford, Kenneth, 377Oxfold University" 3o4 , , ,

P..{. Esaie Agency (coodui$=

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Poqo FSC} {r: ,.....'d. -" , :i ' i , :.;"Porgnan Court Hotel, 3r3PORTUGALT 277 t 347 t 364' 533'

537' 5474Pornrguegc,Seeret Po{ice ' '

,(PIDE), S37, 54t,547t 961Post, Tht" x5r r554r 16rr,16&

225,3@,327Postal Sorter Spies, 35o-55Potgieter, Captainr r3oPotgieter, Justice.H. J., zz4Potter, Elaine (n€eGoldberyL

r83PotterrT-,gllyn'rl8 t,' .

Fcwull, E6odl' MF, 325-30,383

Ptice,Brian;,417 'Primitive Peoplds Fund' zzoPrincc, llarold (Harry')'

r3y40Prince, Viv,45oPrieon oonditions, r,4b54'

z5c{,3Prison rationr, t4z-3, z6t'Prisons Act trial', the,

rr4-3o, 284-5Prigons frct, t25, tt7t 2t4t 262Piaate Eyer 46oProfumo, John, 443Pmgressive (Federal) Party, 23,

29,361 63, tt8',4z8PRO International (Germany),

5r6Pmteas, the, 314-16Protopapas, Adonis (rTony'),

50.4Pniil=Vil1i.qn,'$lynuoe' l',

('Ray'), 286-92Puppetegrx The, 3go , ,..: i^i .

Qoboza, Percy, 498Queea Elizabeth (llRlf), r8r"

2ro$Squad, ro4

Racial Adiustmetrt ActionSocie$ 3319 . 'i

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'f.9t 257t ?lTs

tt9,43c" 584Pqtouna (BBC), +S8Pmotou Magaaine (SA), 260'

518,PantheonPressr 54oPASAGUAYT 223Bar,itqe, John' M\ T19, 454Parker, Aida' SS6-8Parker, Robert ('Bob'), r4rPadiamentary Association qf

Overseas Correspondcntqt$zr 387

Pepy"]oop,,Grre& 4o5Hhss.Bop1,,149 "tt

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F4sr lflPsr. r49, 6o6Puon, Atan' poPh$le, .G ltr., 59ir,ftekli Georep: 2t7, zSTPearson, f;lifi, 17Ireleer, P. C., @Pegdry" Tom, MPr 425Fentose, Barrier 4S6-91 461?7oPedta;Micf/relt ?rfir7 '

Pemkor, 523Phitby, IKim, r84, 429; M3

Jhaeritc, The' 338?ick; Kathy" zr9Pilger, John, r83Pin, Leong Yun, i6rPitman, Harry, 586Plant, Cyril, 525Plimptona Fransis,43rPognr:rd, Beniamin (J Beniie'),' :|:'Ii(F2h ta;5, 127 . -

Police Act, 56o' Police Amendment Act, 6o4 '

Political files (UK), 4r7I Fopb'Pbul VL 206Pofitlarr SSrPoputatiotr (qf Soutli Afrrca)t

6os

Raciel 'purity', 14, 86 .

Radicsl attemCdlrcs o prison@AP),294 '

Radio Berlin, zoRadio monitoring, SZzRadio Moscow, 577Rafferty, Pat, rzoRanalho, Jose, g48Ramrattan, Dinna

(Drummond) 44gRamsey Dr A. M., 574Rotd Dailjl Md, 16; z2-3,28,

Sz, 78, gt, ror, to4, lo8,II4-3o, t35: r'4i r58, 285,34r, 362, 45rz 4i9t 4984:5Or, 5rc-r3

Rankin, Dr Kenrleth, z3oRaphael; Adam,336, &\ 576Rapport,3r4Raynor, !f. ('Bilt'), 459Redn's Digest, z6oReading University, 347, 376Rebels, The, t7tRecio, Alvaro (alias Leite), 547Reconnaissance C-ommando,

545' 566

B"{S.a.r", Vafressa, t76, 4t7Redmoird, Helen, z7z-3Rees, John, 3zz-4Reeves, Bishop Ambrose, 243Reid, Jimmy,4r7Reilly, Geraldr 2SARern, R. V., rz6Republican Inrelligenc€ S'endce

(iRI'), 38, 4r-4t 544,89,ro3-4, 116, 156

Resha, Robert ('Robbie,), 432Retief, Piet, zrReuters, r7rR&)olutiott Africaine, /32RHoDDstA, 347, 4!2, 4efu9t

527-9o 543t 549t 55oRhodesian Chrictirn Group,

555,1Rhoderian Intelligence, r84,

3s7t 3rrt 545Rhodesian Sanctions Act, 528

r llco t r.rgligg, .',,

ruooai'e'Drfischd, 33f5t . .

339, 34tr,5o5r !q, Sr7, Stg,,54Rhys, Ethel,93$ice, Jenny (Mre f,{sirrorc),S92Ridrardson, CUartec, rgt -+ir-'

295Richardson, Eddic, r3r, r34

r.4tr 2954 . ,. ..:

Richardson, Mauleeo, ag6Riechsbiete4 Thco, 45o-Riewlei,568Riot Squad, 59Rise of tfu South Afticot

ReiAu g49Rivets, Chade$ 575: , r .

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Rivonia trial 3o-3r, &r 254Robben I.slagd Jailr z5e<3Roberto, Holden (alias Gilrfore :

- end Ventura), Si8, S+o, S+SRobin Hood Grenratorium, -

&ilihull,zdT I :r :',:.,1: ., '

Ro&iques, Sergeant Joe, 593-6Rogers, Matthewr 4tgRongpona, na*i{rigRor{<e. Kate, zao: ,1 .,:.: , : .'

Rose, Keith,4o4Rosenstrom, Stephan, zzzRound, Edwand.-(Pd)i'8g r,

Rouxr. Edward ('Eddiet} 6i1Roux, Ja'nis, z.6z1 4?8Rowling,'John, 385Royal Garden Party, i8rRoyal Institute of International

Afriro; r8zRuskin College Kitson

___Crmmittee, 473nussrA, r8o,4zgr 557;,5$ : IRus$isn 8gent, 78 :Russouw, Johanr 46&9

SACHED,4949 '

Sadrs, Stephanie (n6e Keurplr ; ,r

Sacks, Andrew- Aubrey ,''' :l' i':;

1'Airay') 1Uios Johnronl,' 1..',,;

rr8-ao, z84.jz

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Srb.tr Aatmb, r7rSaloiee, Sulimur' 58r

, sasdsrn! Jocc; azoSANROC (Soutb Africao

Non-Racial OtYmPice,onmittee), 96, tgt, zoq?P?,ztt, 3rz-16, 354' 37O

SARL (S@thern Afryican

'- AhodesiaD Leagtre), 553SASO (South African

Studcotr' Orgrnization), +g2'5631 .

Ssirntn' Dr lorag, 539-4,\ 545'.$ehep$, Dr N. I.' 597$rtrisusdl Comr-riss.i{t4' 352

.;,@en' Berumonu aS ,

:, $clt<itrrnen" tictr-t534, t74-5t',:. r9i;26$z6fit'\ 196' 3o4-5,',:.30?i 'sto' 3I9: 353, 37'p 39Sctroles, ]ohnnY' rzoSdrmls Council (British), 334Schoorr, Meritsr 8g

$cieniolwy, Churc.h qf' 4824Soorpio, 564$corlANB 349S uttwt" 39tScmr Bm' 4or

.8cott, Norman V.r 394-4rr'

Oasizatiol 553.! :.!i,o[n1.IIIEU|'t uf grelqa.{Suronan Un*a, St+

''4:.4t 438r GzaScotu Sheils! 25r.12744Scodch Friends of RhodeEiat

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stlwtn iilf'{t6ir*''..",i.StlrlE$ttr?4 ':ir::r;: , t:.\ .,i :':,".'Senteo, Wilfrcd r53Scnyatsi, Joseph' 90 ;

Separate devdoPmccr Pt nsSetalo, Patricicr"tce; .' r'. : ;' '

Settlers (r8zo)r 86Sirarpevitle $ootings, z+ ?or

23o,432Straq Sanaic (Mrs J€ffBaofts)'

176Shebeens' 7rSheehemr" David' 566Shimi' Eliakim, # 'Shivutc, Michacl' z3rShore, Hazel, r38Sibeho' David fDaYe), 583Sibisi, Rolaod,613sIBRRA LBoNBT 463Sikakemr Rerdmd A. l,ll, atoSikakane, Joyce' z3o, z3aStllitog Sk Scrcy, 97,465Simelane, EUid' r53Simsoo, I. !0.' 592Siqotho' Moses' zr9Sisulu' Walter, 253t 255Skelbotn' Sir Nor$aat 986Sledgs, PWfi ?09 ' 'Slovo, Josepb:({oe')' 30' &49t

592Slovo, Ruth (n6e Firet)' lzSmit, Dr Robert and

Jean-Cora, 5oo-5r4Smith, Bill' 78Smith, Cyril' NtP, 47o, 4"r,Smith, Detcstive Scr$aot -

Graq41',,3?gt . .i'..i ,,. ,

Smith, Heinz, r5o, Smith' Ian, 543' 555Smith, MarSare' ro8-9Smith, Willirm Frederhk

('\fillie')' 533,618Sobukwe' Robcrt Mangnlisot

24-4,352,43t' 587Sobukwe, Veronicar {.3r .

Society for Individrul. Frecdoq ?8:2, . - .. :

.&crctpdoiece 523-5, 558''secret US Wrr Agsiruc

'.$nrtA Africa'r 557,Scdlcy*Stcphen, 328

,P'€8ts!b 5trA,rd{, zp'.zlEcneog" rSi

Sordro.Iilerold, ltpl ![!G{!14q7-9^

Soullier, Jamcc ('Jimmy'),254

South Africs Foundarion, SSSouth African Aininys (SAA),

546, 576South African Associated' Newspapers (SAAN), 23,

59,352,45\ 54South African Broedcasting

Corporation (SAB C), 28,zfu,4N,543

South Afrkin CmptrnistParty (SACP),2oj 3Hr,53, @ ror-3, to't tTgtggt360, 368, 573,592

South African Council ofChurctres, 3z?, 6o5

South Afriaan Digest, 27,489

South African Spor6Association, zo3

Southern African ShrdcntProgramme,.437

South West Africa, scNamibir

Soweto, 66t7tr 486Soweto Students'

Rcpresentative Couocil, i3zsPArN, 23G7,4r7, 527Spanish Security Police, zzoSparks, .{llister, 34t, 5rGr3Sparros, Judgc G$rld, 334i{o,

&6,479Sparrowr' Uly', 33g, 339Spear of the Nation

(Umkhonto urc Sianrc), 3o,35t *t 19$ 254,473, 564

Special rBnnch (Scothnd Ysrd),r75,363,.6, TIf$ 39rt4r4:r5i j*, jjT 556

Spengler, Aa (alias MrCampbcllL 13, i5r 568

Spring, Mrnin" lZ6Springer, Axel, 516Spriugfietd, Du8ty, 176

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$qb&i" Osen,'a$t$fl ' ,,, ,' ', ,'Safenhagen, J., 5o5Stand$d Fiqanr; 5o6-rrStar, Riogo, r?6 .

State of Emergency, z3oSteel, Davidl Mpr airglr 4#l ..Steenkamp, Leoni rz5 , '

Stein, Isaiah, ao4, .

Steincr, rcrrt, Sio .,', ,

Stepbens (vnrdcr), rgrSteyn,'Rommel', r19Stop Tho Sevenry Tour

(STST), 37o-93St Paul's Cathednl, z+lStrachan, Harol4 r r4*i5,r17,

123, l2S : .,. r

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