inspect technologies inc
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De La Salle University - Manila
Master of Business Administration
In partial fulfillment of the requirements forStrategic Management
(BUS!"M#
INZPECT TECHNOLOGIES INC. CASE ANALYSIS
Su$mitted to%
&rofessor 'oseph &angilinan
Su$mitted $y%
roup )
Bea hennyna *+ *avorada
'acquiline Angelica D+S+ &otencio
,elmalyn D+ eyes
Andrea ica .+ o/as
0aren + Supapo
'anuary 1!2 1345
I+ Introduction
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Inzpect Technologies, Inc. was established in the year 2003. Mr. and Mrs. Rolando Laya and Mr.and Mrs. Jose S!alabe started the bsiness and "lorished it along with se#en pioneer e!ployees withinitial capital stoc$ o" %ne Million &esos only. The co!pany is distincti#e in the contry becase noco!pany in the &hilippines that is e'actly the sa!e to what they do, their co!petitors are "oreignco!panies.
The co!pany(s !ission is to ser#e their csto!ers with t!ost per"ection with co!pleted
pro)ects and absolte satis"action. *nd #ision+ To be the best in !achine ato!ation and the "ore!ost in syste!s integration. Inzpect Technologies, Inc. prodcts and ser#ices are+
-esign, rehabilitation and pgrading o" original eip!ent "or !an"actring /ision -e#elop!ent and Integration / cring application de#elop!ent and integration Laser Integration
*thorized integrator and distribtor o" 1ogne' #ision syste!s, Synrad &iasi! andIlios laser and 4IT radio!eter
*thorized distribtor o" Robohand *to!ation &rodcts, -e5Sta51o wor$holdingsoltions, L4- ill!ination, Sa!ic$ Linear 6shings, 7*ST418 Motors and 1ontrol
4lectronics indstry, "ro! where the !a)or csto!er o" the co!pany categorized, sstained
growth in e'port per"or!ance "ro! 2002 to 2009. 8owe#er in 200:, the electronics indstry in the&hilippines s""ered as the "inancial crisis hit !ost indstries worldwide. Indstry penetration is one o" the !a)or reasons how Inzpect was able to sr#i#e the econo!ic downtrn. This opens the opportnities"or its entry to the "ood and phar!acetical indstries. The co!pany enconters its way with the e'ternalchanges, they had been endring se#eral isses in their internal organization sch as+
; 7inancial < encontering late collection o" accont recei#able s""ering their pay!ent totheir sppliers.
; 8igh trn5o#er rate < e!ployees only ta$e position in the co!pany as stepping stone to
acire $nowledge and s$ills and get hired in other large co!panies or abroad.
The owners considered !o#ing "orward with se#eral "actors to be considered+ new indstry penetration which they sccess"lly get thr, ality !anage!ent syste!s, corporate "inance, sccession plans, and territorial e'pansion by bilding satellite o""ices in 1eb or -a#ao.
II+ &oint of 6ie7
In order to analyze the case accrately, the grop consider the to stand in the point o" #iew o" the owners.
III+ 6ision *rame7or8 (9ollins and &orras#
Inzpect’s current vision statement: To be the best in !achine ato!ation and the "ore!ost insyste!s integration.
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The grop assessed that Inzpect(s crrent #ision state!ent is aligned with 1ollins and &orras7ra!ewor$.
I6+ &ro$lem
:o7 can In;pect .echnologies2 Inc+ achieve a sustaina$le competitive advantage<
6+ =$>ectives (SMA.#
4+ Strategic =$>ectives
a+ &eople management% Redce e!ployee trno#er by =>
b. =perations management% Increase !ar$et share by 9>1+ *inancial =$>ectives%
a+ *inancial efficiency% I!pro#e the crrent ratio to ?.$+ *inancial gro7th% Increase sales by 2:>?
!+ *unctional =$>ective% Redce the processing ti!e "ro! !an"actringntil installation, aligning it to the indstry(s best practice.
6I+ .heoretical *rame7or8
esource Based 6ie7 (B6#
R6/ is an approach sed by organizations in all sizes dring their strategic planning in order toco!e p with the !ost #iable strategy that "ocses on the sstainability o" its co!petiti#e ad#antage by properly deploying its resorces. This approach loo$s into the internal resorces o" the co!pany to gainsstainable ad#antage instead o" loo$ing at its e'ternal en#iron!ent. The "ra!ewor$ de#eloped in :0(sand @0(s when the wor$s o" Aerner"elt, 6., &rahalad and 8a!el and 6arney, J. on the core co!petencies,co!petiti#e ad#antage, and R6/ o" a "ir! were pblished. In the case o" Inzpect, inno#ation is the $ey
"or the co!pany to co!pete and increase its !ar$et share. Mo#ing "orward, e#erything that in#ol#esinno#ation in the co!pany which are the co!pany(s intangible assets, the e'pertise o" its e!ployees, andthe tangible assets, their !ain prodcts, !st there"ore be gi#en the right le#el o" i!portance relati#e totheir operations in general.
The R6/ approach sggests that a co!pany shold !a'i!izethe potential o" e'ternal opportnities by throgh the se o" its internalresorces.
Inzpect shold also distingish the heterogeneity o" itsresorces which !eans that the co!pany shold !a$e srethat its prodcts and ser#ices are well di#ersi"ied that no other co!petitor will be able to tap what they can o""er. Their !i' o"
resorces shold not lead into a per"ect co!petition where allother co!panies are e'pected to ha#e the sa!e lea#ing the!with no co!petiti#e ad#antage at all. I!!obility is also a"actor that has to be ta$en into consideration becase this also plays an i!portant role in attaining a co!petiti#e
e increase of sales from 2005-2011.
1 Based on Inzpect’s avareag
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ad#antage. The assets o" a co!pany !st not be easily trans"erred "ro! co!pany to co!pany, its bleprint sch as 6rand reptation, intellectal properties and operational processes !st solely be owned by the!.
Sorce+ Strategic Manage!ent Insight
/RI% /alable, Rare, I!itability, and %rganization o" the co!pany attribtes e!phasize thei!portance o" other "actors besides its i!!obility and heterogeneity in achie#ing co!petiti#e ad#antage.
The "actors that answer yes to all the estions are the sstainedco!petiti#e ad#antages.
Inzpect shold ensre that its resorces are #alable enogh inadding #ale o""ered to the csto!ers. The co!pany !st loo$ into prodct di""erentiation and proper allocation o" costs to its prodction.Their resorces !st also be nie in their indstry. It !eans that its bsiness processes !st be well planned and strategic enogh that noother co!panies or only "ew are applying the sa!e in their core processes. 8a#ing a costly prodction !ay be considered a wea$ness
bt it can be the other way arond. 8a#ing a costly bt hard to i!itate procedres enables a "ir! to !aintain its co!petiti#eness in the !ar$etthat is why the estion o" i!itability can lead to a "a#orable position"or the co!pany relati#e to theSorce+ Strategic Manage!ent Insight
sstainability o" its co!petiti#e ad#antage i" its processes are pro#en to be hard to i!itate by their ri#als. 7inally, the last "actor "ocses on the
possibility o" sbstittes. Inzpect !st ha#e the assrance that it has indeed "ond its !ar$et niche, that ito""ers the speci"ic needs o" its clients. *n a""ir!ati#e answer wold !ean that they ha#e achie#ed asstainable co!petiti#e ad#antage and not )st te!porary. Inzpect !st ta$e into accont each "actor instrategically !anaging their resorces in order to a#oid !a$ing the! into disad#antages. The
!anage!ent !st establish the stability o" their resorces in order to continosly cater to the needs o" their clients and penetrate the !ar$et.
The R6/ is #ery essential to a "ir! since it !anages to inclcate both the internal ande'ternal en#iron!ent o" a "ir! into a sstainable co!petiti#e ad#antage. *lthogh it "ocses on theinternal resorces, it shows how nderstanding both en#iron!ents can help a co!pany co!e p with itsco!petiti#e ad#antage and sbseently, its long ter! sstainability.
6II+ Areas of 9onsideration
A+ Internal Analysis (6alue 9hain2 *inancial atio#
6alue 9hain Analysis
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*inancial atios
B+ ?/ternal Analysis (&?S.L?D#
&olitical
4ipped with low5cost bt highly5s$illed labor and attracti#e incenti#es "or e'port5processingzone locators, the &hilippines was able to attract the world(s top electronic co!panies. In theMedi!5Ter! &hilippine -e#elop!ent &lan "or 20?? to 20?B, the go#ern!ent ai!s to increase
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prodcti#ity and e""iciency by pro#iding "ir! le#el spport to MSM4s, a!ong others. &riority isgi#en to de#elop!ent o" areas that ha#e the highest growth potentials and generate the !ost )obswhich inclde the electronics indstry.
?conomic
The electronics indstry is the !ain dri#er o" the &hilippine econo!y as it acconts "or the bl$
o" the contry(s e'ports. 7ro! 2002 to 2009, the indstry has e'perienced sstained growth ine'port per"or!ance. 8owe#er in 200:, the indstry s""ered as the "inancial crisis hit !ostindstries worldwide. 7ro! then on, the indstry tried to cope and has "inally stabilized in 20?2.*!idst this crisis, the &hilippines( s!all and !edi! enterprises SM4s that are strongly lin$edto the local indstry pro#ed their resiliency as they e'plored opportnities that are a#ailablewithin the contry.
Social
Cot stated in the case.
.echnological
The indstry has consistently been a sorce o" high5#ale original design !an"actring %-M
and original eip!ent !an"actring %4M. 4ipped with low5cost bt highly5s$illed labor and attracti#e incenti#es "or e'port5processing zone locators, the contry was able to attract theworld(s top electronic co!panies.
?nvironmental
The &hilippines is astride a typhoon belt and gets to be hit by a !ini!! o" abot ?= typhoonsyearly. *side "ro! typhoons, the contry is #isited yearly by other "or!s o" natral cala!itiessch as landslides, acti#e #olcanoes and #olcanic erptions, destrcti#e eartha$es, andtsna!is.
Legal
*s !andated by law, corporations !st be incorporated nder the 1orporation 1ode o" the
&hilippines and register in the Secrities and 4'change 1o!!ission, 6rea o" Internal Re#enender the Cational Internal Re#ene 1ode o" the &hilippines, and local reglations o" the localgo#ern!ent nit where the corporation is doing bsiness. %ther co!pliances incldes "inancialreporting "ollowing the &hilippine 7inancial Reporting Standards.
Demographics
4nglish is sed as !edi! o" instrction and is the langage o" bsiness in the &hilippines. Thecontry has a high literacy rate at @= percent o" the poplation based on 200: statistics.
6III+ .=@S Analysis *rame7or8
?/ternal =pportunities
=4% Mo#es in tande! with the econo!y,
howe#er, can also "lctate in ti!es o"
crisis
=1% Lowering o" tari""s on i!ported raw
!aterials and ta' bene"its
?/ternal .hreats
.4% SM4s lac$ o" access to "inance
.1% 1o!petition. 9=> o" the total
electronics "ir!s are "oreign5owned with
!ore than enogh wor$ers
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=!% %nce relocated in an e'port5processing
zone, they cold en)oy ta' incenti#es
=)% %pportnity "or e'panding networ$
otside o" Lzon and otside o" the contry
="% Increasing de!and in technological
reire!ent
=5% Do#ern!ent policy to spport MSM4s
thr the Magna 1arta o" MSM4S in ?@@? to
pro#ide "inancial and in"or!ation ser#ices,
training, and !ar$eting.
=% The electronics indstry will contine
to be the dri#er o" growth o" &hilippine
!erchandise e'ports. *t an annal growth
rate o" ?0 percent, electronics e'ports are
e'pected to hit !ore than SE=0 billion by
20?B.
.!% &ossible threat o" prodct sbstitte
and electronic "ads
.)% Lac$ o" go#ern!ent inter#ention.
The high !an"actring costs sch as the
cost o" electricity, poor in"rastrctre,
inadeate logistical spport, high labor
and ta'es also pose as a barrier to the
growth o" the indstry.
."% Many se!icondctor !lti5national
co!panies trans"erred to 1hina, /ietna!
and 1a!bodia de to cheap labor costs
reslting to the slowdown in the
se!icondctor indstry which is one o"
the !a)or clientele o" Inzpect
Internals Strengths
S4% Aith stabilized sales growth
especially a"ter the global crisis
S1% 8as pro#en trac$ record
srpassing econo!ic downtrns
S!% Manage!ent e'pertise in
rnning the bsiness and has
shown seriosness in rnning the
bsiness as earnings are being
ploghed bac$ to operations
S)% 6arriers to entry is low as not
!any co!panies ha#e the
capability to design, !an"actre
and integrate the sa!e into anylocal process as Inzpect
Technologies
S"% Dood !argins as they
!an"actre eip!ent and at the
!eanti!e can spply to their
co!petitors. 6l$ o" their
earnings is !ostly "ro! !achine
!an"actring and csto!ization.
S5% 8as wide range o" prodct
line and e'tensi#e ser#ices
S% In long ter! dealings with its
$ey principals especially 1ogne'
S% Aith roster o" !ltinationalclients and wide range o" networ$
sch as &Si Technologies, Inc.,
Ionics 4MS Inc., 7astech Synergy
&hilippines, Inc., &hilippine
Ma$oto 1orp., and &recision
Microcircits, Inc. Most o" the!
are large enterprises located in
e'port5processing zones and has
SFAF%
S) @!% &oor csto!er ser#ice and needs
i!pro#e!ent as client gets irritated bt
ends p generally well satis"ied becase o"
its csto!ized prodcts
S" @) @"% Man"actrers o" technological
prodcts are capital intensi#e. 6l$ o" their
earnings is hea#ily in#ested in !achineries
and tangible assets which !ay reslt to
liidity ris$.
S @) @"% Inzpect has been aciringse#eral properties already in their second
and third year in the bsiness which !ay
pose to liidity proble!s in the "tre de
to tied p capital e'penditres and
depreciation. Moreo#er, this !ade the! not
to trans"er easily to the econo!ic zone area
when there is a chance which they cold
en)oy ta' incenti#es. Inzpect can not only
cater its prodcts to &4G* csto!ers bt
also to #arios indstries.
S! S" @! @"% Stretched collections "ro!
csto!ers attribted by staggered billingter!s with their principals at 205H05H0
credit ter!s. Installation sally "inishes
a"ter ?2 wee$s and their &ayables with their
sppliers is only "or H= days wherein they
are cash tight dring the installation.
Inzpect can e""iciently "ast trac$ their
installation process which can satis"y their
SFT
S .1 .!% -e to Inzpect(s prodct
adaptability, this pa#ed the way "or its
entry to the "ood and phar!acetical
indstries. Target co!panies li$e Ayeth,
Cestle and San Migel 1orporation,
especially its brewery co!pany, are ripe
"or penetration.
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acired ality standards
certi"ications.
S% Their #ision syste!s are
progra!!able to !eet the ality
reire!ents o" the client, it has
pro#en to be "le'ible and
adaptable to sch other indstries
that reire ato!ated ality
control syste!s.
csto!ers and can shorten recei#ables.
S) =" =% 6arriers to entry is !oderate as
not !any local co!panies ha#e the
capability to csto!ize as Inzpect. In this
way, Inzpect can captre big portion o" the
!ar$et share
Internal @ea8nesses
@4% Lac$ o" sccession planning
@1% 8igh trn5o#er and wea$
e!ployee retention
@!% Ceed to i!pro#e csto!er
ser#ice
@)% 1apital intensi#e
@"% Aea$ liidity
AFTF%
.4 .1 .) =) =5% *ccess to "inancing thrthe help o" the go#ern!ent to "rther their networ$ reach and pro"itability and lessenco!petition o" MSM4F SM4s with largecorporations
@" @4 =1 =! =) 4'pand the networ$ in
an e'port processing zone otside Lzon to bene"it "ro! ta' incenti#es and i!pro#eliidity throgh ta' sa#ings.
AFTF%
@1 .1+ Serios isse as Inzpect cold
both loss trained sta"" and csto!ers.
I!pro#e co!pensation and bene"it
pac$age to reach ot !ore co!petent
technical wor$ers and i!pro#e csto!er
ser#ice.
@) .! ."% These !ay pose serios
proble! in disposing the csto!ized
syste! "or the certain csto!er only.
IC+ Alternative 9orporate Strategies
A9A 4% Status Euo
&ros 9ons
?. Co additional costs will beincrred by the co!pany.
2. &roble!s that !ay ariserelati#e to the e!ployees( resistance tochange !ay be a#oided.
?. The co!pany(s internaline""iciencies will not be resol#ed.
2. The bsiness will re!ain stagnanthence, no progress will ta$e e""ect to sstaingrowth.
A9A 1% 9ompany e/pansion to ?/port-&rocessing Fone outside Metro Manila
&ros 9ons
?. It will boost e'port pro!otion2. *ttracts "oreign direct
in#est!ents3. 1reate e!ploy!ent
opportnities within the co!!nity
?. It will be #ery costly "or theco!pany to e'pand especially "ar "ro! the !aino""ice Tagig.
2. 8iring and new e!ployees will incr costs "or the co!pany.
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H. nder &.-. no BB., incenti#esto 4&G co!panies incldes e'e!ption"ro! ta'es and dties on i!portedeip!ent, raw !aterials and sppliesdirectly needed "or its operations
=. nder 4% no. 22B, additionaldedction is granted "or training e'pensesB. incenti#es nder R* 99?: or
6ild5%perate5Trans"er 6%T Law9. Si!pli"ied I!port54'port
&rocedres:. 4!ploy!ent o" "oreign
nationals as special non5i!!igrant #isawith !ltiple entry pri#ileges are grantedto the! e!ployed in a &4G*5registered bsiness.
@. Ta' credits "or e'porters singlocal !aterials as inpts shall en)oy thesa!e bene"its as pro#ided by the 4'port-e#elop!ent *ct o" ?@@H.
?0. It will allow the! to train"tre leaders "or their co!pany
A9A !% Improve companyGs cash management $y speeding up its cash flo7s
&ros 9ons
?. It will i!pro#e Inzpect(sliidity.
2. I!pro#es prodcti#ity byspending less ti!e in !anaging debts thatare already de.
3. Increases cash a#ailable to bere5in#ested in the bsiness srplses.
H. It redces debt=. Increases in#estors( otloo$ "or
the co!panyB. It has a positi#e i!pact to
co!pany(s credit rating enabling theco!pany to borrow !oney easily.
9. Li!its ris$ o" loss
?. Inco!e earned are not shielded"ro! ta'
2. *s cash "low generation wor$s well"or co!panies with wor$ing capital needs, it!ay be an indicator "or in#estors( o" co!pany(s poor !anage!ent.
3. Li!ited retrns
A9A )% eevaluate the $usiness process procedures on manufacturing its products
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&ros 9ons
?. 4li!inates ti!e and sa#es
!oney "or non5#ale adding procedres2. 8elps the co!pany i!pro#e
e""iciency in bsiness operations.3. 4""icient bsiness procedre
can be a co!petiti#e ad#antage "or the
co!pany.H.
?. Re5e#alation !ight cons!e ti!e"or the !anage!ent and signi"icant e!ployees.
2. The procedre !ight incr additional costs "or the co!pany i" in case aconsltant will be hired.
3. 1on"licts !ay arise in the!anage!ent(s decision !a$ing.
A9A "% ain Strategic alliances in companyGs activity
&ros 9ons
?. %rganic growth alone is ins""icient
"or !eeting !ost organizations( reired rate o" retrn.
2. Speed to !ar$et is essential, and partnerships greatly i!pro#es it.
3. 1o!ple'ity is increasing and nosingle organization has the reired totale'pertise to best ser#e the csto!ers.
H. Shared ris$s=. ease o" !ar$et entryB. synergy and co!petiti#e ad#antage9. %pportnities "or growth
?. Less pro"it
2. &ossible disptes betweenco!panies
3. high le#el o" co!!it!ent inter!s o" !anage!ent ti!e and "inance
H. 1ltral di""iclties=. 1ostly
?valuation of Alternative 9orporate Strategies
In e#alating the "i#e alternati#e corses o" action, the tea! ca!e p with a decisioncriteria that is based on MST and C44-S. The !sts are the i!perati#e and nonnegotiable decision criteria that an alternati#e corse o" action !st co!ply otherwisewill not be considered. I" all the alternati#e corses o" action will pass the ?st le#el !stthen, 2nd le#el needs will be re#iewed. The Ceed &hase incldes the nice to ha#edecision criteria o" the bsiness
%n the ?st le#el !st phase below are the non negotiable criteria which will only be
addressed by either D% or C% D%
?. I!pro#e cash "low2. I!pro#e prodcti#ity e!ployee, operations, and processes3. %pen opportnities "or bsiness growth
%n the 2nd le#el, the alternati#e corses o" action who passed the ?st le#el will only be!easred on the weights below+
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Decision 9riteria @eight
Ma'i!izing capital tilization H0
I!pro#ing prodcti#ity 20
Sstainability H0
.=.AL 433H
C+ Decisionecommended Strategy
.he team revie7ed the Alternative 9ourses of Action $ased on the a$ovementioned
criteria%
Decision
9riterion
A9A 4
Stats Ko
A9A 1
1o!panye'pansion to
4'port5&rocessing
Gone otsideMetroManila
A9A !
I!pro#eco!pany(s
cash!anage!ent by speeding
p its cash"lows
A9A )
Ree#alatethe bsiness
process procedres
on!an"actring its prodcts
A9A "
DainStrategic
alliances inco!pany(s
acti#ity
I!pro#ed
1ash 7low
C% D% D% D% D% D%
I!pro#ed
&rodcti#ity
e!ployee,
operations,
and
processes
C% D% D% D% D% D%
%pen
%pportnities
"or bsiness
growth
C% D% D% D% D% D%
R4SLT -o Cot1ontine
1ontine -o Cot1ontine
-o Cot1ontine
1ontine
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*s *1* 2, 3, H and = co!plied with the !andatory !sts o" the decision criteria, wewill "rther re#iew it based on or 2nd le#el decision criteria
Decision
9riterion
A9A 1
9ompany?/pansion to
e/port processing
;ones
A9A !
ImprovecompanyGs cash
management $y
speeding up its
cash flo7s
A9A )
e-evaluate the$usiness process
procedure on
manufacturing its
products
A9A "
ain strategicalliances in
companyGs activity
Score @t Sc Score @t Sc Score @t Sc Score @t Sc
Ma'i!izingcapital
tilizationH0>
90 2:> 90 2:> @0 3B> 90 2:>
I!pro#ing prodcti#ity
20>
:0 ?B> =0 ?0> :0 ?B> =0 ?0>
SstainabilityH0>
=0 20> =0 20> =0 20> @0 3B>
.=.AL 5)H "H 1H )H
1o!ing "ro! the re#iew or or sggested *1*s, the grop reco!!ends to i!ple!ent the *1*3I!pro#e co!pany(s cash !anage!ent by speeding p its cash "lows and H Ree#alate the bsiness process procedres on !an"actring its prodcts as i!!ediate soltions, *1* 2 1o!pany e'pansionto 4'port5&rocessing Gone otside Metro Manila as a !idter! soltion and "inally, *1* = DainStrategic alliances in co!pany(s acti#ity "or its long ter! soltion.
CI+ Implementation &lan
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CII+ Learning
ICG&41T T418C%L%DI4S 1*S4 established as a learning grond "or the grop !e!bers that thei!pro#e!ent o" the day to day operation and sstainability is also needed "or the longe#ity not only "or big co!panies bt "or SM4s as well. The grop "rther realized the i!pact o" e'ternal "orces in cra"tingstrategies "or the bsiness. In the case, there are e'ternal "actors in the indstry where the co!panyoperates that ha#e to be gi#en consideration in order to co!pete stronger or at the #ery least at par withother players in the !ar$et. 6t on the other hand, this case also e!phasizes the i!portance o" resol#inginternal inadeacies that a""ect the co!pany as a whole. The #ision o" the co!pany to be a topco!petitor in their indstry is clear and the ob)ecti#es, as deter!ined by the grop, "ocs on resol#ing theidenti"ied internal proble!s which the grop belie#es can help i!pro#e the crrent bsiness processes o" the co!pany and in trn will enable the co!pany to resol#e di""iclties in their e'ternal en#iron!ent.Thegrop was able to nderstand the i!portance o" loo$ing into the co!pany internally initially then "inding
ways on how to address the e'ternal "actors.
CIII+ eferences
The Resorce 6ased /iew n. d., retrei#ed Janary 20, 20?B, "ro! the web,https%777+$oundless+commanagementte/t$oo8s$oundless-management-te/t$oo8strategic-man
7/26/2019 Inspect Technologies Inc.
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Resorce 6ased /iew, , Jre#icis, %. %ctober ?0, 20?3, retrie#ed Janary 20, 20?B, "ro! the web,https%777+strategicmanagementinsight+comtopicsresource-$ased-vie7+ html
Resorce 6ased /iew, Strategic Manage!ent 1%C14&TS *C- 1*S4S, -a#id 7. 20??
Lewis, J. n. d. 7or Methods o" 1o!petiti#e *d#antages retrie#ed Janary 23, 20?B, a#ailable at+http+FFs!allbsiness.chron.co!F"or5!ethods5co!petiti#e5ad#antages5323HH.ht!l
7i"th Third 6an$ n. d. 7i#e bene"its o" better cash "low !anage!ent retrie#ed Janary 23, 20?B,a#ailable at+ https+FFwww.=3.co!FdocFbbFHK?25bbg5it$5cash5"low5bene"its.pd"
Strategic *lliances and Joint /entres, retrie#ed Janary 23, 20?B, a#ailable at+http+FFwww.bsiness.go#t.nzFspport5and5ad#iceFad#ice5!entoringF"or5e'portersFstrategic5alliances5and5 )oint5#entres