Inspection and Rehabilitation

Moffatt & Nichol, internationally recognized

experts in waterfront structural engineering

and marine design, provides clients with

engineering services directed towards the

extension of service life. The focus of these

efforts is on existing marine structures,

bridges and other engineered structures for

port, military, and transportation clients. The

firm offers service life/durability modeling

capabilities to provide significant added value

to projects.

Services are performed by registered

engineers and engineer-divers who understand

the structural significance of observed

degradation and damage. The result is

effective assessments and engineered

solutions for cost-conscious clients. The

recommendations are commonly translated

into construction projects resulting in

rehabilitation and/or facility modernization.

Inspection and Rehabilitation

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Above Water Inspection 2

Below Water Inspection 4

Material Sampling and Testing 6

Service Life Modeling 7

Bridge Inspection 8

Rehabilitation and Upgrade Engineering Design 9

Construction Phase Services 10

Inspection and Rehabilitation in Action 11

Inspection and Rehabilitation - a Global Practice 16

2 Inspection and Rehabilitation

Above Water Inspection

Moffatt & Nichol personnel approach each inspection and re-habilitation project with a solid methodical and analytical engineering-based process. Experienced in a wide variety of struc-tures and diverse environments, the company is well equipped to carry out inspections from simple, straightforward tasks to more intricate projects that require complex material sampling and test-ing regimens.

Inspection of structures requires a safe, well thought-out approach, particularly in difficult-access scenarios commonly found underneath pier and bridge structures; with in-roadway inspection; and other hard-to-access locations.

Services include concrete degradation surveys; above and below deck inspection of piers, wharves and bridges; material sampling and testing; excavation and testing of buried structures; inspection of mechanical and electrical utilities; and cathodic protection system inspection.

Hard-to-access Structures

Below Deck Inspection

Using a man-lift to perform underdeck inspection portion of field notes shown below

Confined-space entry and bridge snoopers are commonly used during inspection

Navy Pier Rehabilitation, Unified Port of San Diego

Inspection and Rehabilitation 3

Above Water Inspection

Corrosion-related concrete damage surveysAbove and below deck inspection of piers, wharves and bridges

Material sampling/mooring hardware inspection

Inspection of mechanical and electrical utilities

Excavation and testing of buried structures

Examination of cathodic protection systems

Typical utilities include steam, compressed air, waste water, potable water, oily waste, electrical switchgear and transformers

Hands-on inspection and testing of structural members

Manlift for access to timber pier

Extracting concrete cores for petrographic analysis

Excavating to expose a closed-cell steel sheet pile cofferdam

Inspection of mooring hardware and foundations

Inspection of tie-rods and deadman structures

Inspection and assessment of coatings and life-cycle perfor-mance of steel structures in the marine environment

Documenting below deck damage

4 Inspection and Rehabilitation

Below Water Inspection

Below water structural engineering inspections are con-ducted with a dual emphasis - safe diving operations and the placement of experienced structural engineers in the marine environment. Moffatt & Nichol maintains a team of more than 40 strategically-located engineer-divers, ready to respond to below water inspection assignments throughout the U. S. and around the globe.

The firms personnel perform dive operations with a careful assessment of safety, environmental and task requirements in a wide variety of above and below water climatic conditions, including limited visibility (turbid water), currents, confined conditions and extremely cold water. Moffatt & Nichol maintains strategically located dive vessels and support craft to enable personnel to gain access to most operational facilities.

Below water inspections are conducted in strict accordance with the firms in-house Safe Diving and Vessel Operations Manual. Moffatt & Nichol is certified by the Association of Diving Contractors International (ADCI) and performs diving operations in compliance with ADCI, OSHA and Army Corps of Engineer requirements.

LEVEL III INSPECTIONMaterial sampling and/or testing

LEVEL II INSPECTIONClose visual examination (removal of marine growth) of structural elements

LEVEL I INSPECTIONGeneral reconnaisance (swim-by) of structure

Moffatt & Nichol p

laces

engineers in the wa

ter

to evaluate enginee

ring

problems. The firm

s

divers have the expe

rtise,

equipment and expe

rience

to safely inspect an

d assess

submerged structur

es.

These inspections p

roduce

innovative repairs l

eading

to rehabilitation an

d extension of servic

e life of vital infras

tructure.

Below Water inspe

ction work is based

upon The America

n

Society of Civil En

gineers Standard P

ractice Manual No

. 101,

Underwater Inves

tigations. Three M

offatt & Nichol prin

cipals

were contributing a

uthors.

Engineer-Divers

Inspection and Rehabilitation 5

Moffatt & Nichols engineer-divers routinely perform inspections of piers and wharves; seawalls and bulkheads; graving docks; cable arrays and ranges; rock structures (revetments and breakwaters); marinas; debris surveys; outfalls; and miscellaneous marine facilities.

Below Water Inspection

Timber Structures Concrete Structures Steel Structures

Timber pile remnant after marine borer attack.

Remnants of a hollow pre-stressed concrete pile damaged by delayed ettringite formation.

Uneven corrosion pattern on steel H-pile.

Portion of demolished ship superstructure located as part of a debris survey.

Debris Survey

Locating steel beams, cable and rope to be removed prior to sheet pile installation

6 Inspection and Rehabilitation

Material Sampling and Testing

The effect of the marine environment on structural mate-rials can be harsh and unforgiving. The service life and structural capacity of elements composed of reinforced con-crete, structural steel, timber, and composites are affected by limited inspection and lack of routine maintenance. Moffatt & Nichols engineers are highly skilled in the above and below water sampling, testing and assessment of materials. This Inspection and Rehabilitation (I&R) skill-set, coupled with structural engineering expertise, allows for the evaluation and diagnosis of material degradation - ultimately resulting in innovative rehabilitation schemes aimed at maintaining or increasing load capacity; extension of service life; and return-on-investment.

Sampling and testingtechniques include:

Concretecore sampling compressive strength testing chloride ion testing petrographic analysis scanning electron microscopy concrete chemistry transport properties corrosion mapping (ASTM C-876) reinforcing bar location and concrete cover readingscorrosion damage assessment reinforcing bar sampling and testing corrosion rate measurement

Structural Steel ultrasonic thickness measurements coating evaluations half-cell potential measurements coupon extraction and testing cathodic protection system inspection and evaluation

Timberdissolved oxygen testing core sampling creosote retention wood type / property / strength testing

Inspection and Rehabilitation 7

Service Life Modeling

Moffatt & Nichol uses Stadium, a service life prediction modeling software, as a design tool. This validated software achieves a reliable and quantifiable estimate of service life for new concrete infrastructure and the remaining service life of existing structures. Tailored design recom-mendations can be produced to suit clients needs, assuring optimum return on their investments. Using state-of-the art inspection and forensic techniques, Moffatt & Nichol can reliably forecast future performance of a given concrete structure.

Stadium software combines the ion migration of chlorides with solid phase concrete degradation mechanisms. Through field sampling and laboratory testing, existing and potential degradation mechanisms can be identified, and intervention alternatives determined. These tools supplement detailed condition assessments and help predict service life, allowing life cycle costing of future maintenance and repairs that meet client expectations.

This work typically involves:

Field Sample Collection and Testingcoring for chloride ion sampling corrosion measurements coring for petrographic analysis coring for transport properties

Laboratory Testingchloride ion testing petrographic / scanning electron microscopy concrete transport properties

Deterioration Mechanismschloride ion - induced corrosion carbonation - induced corrosion external sulfate attack delayed ettringite formation

Identification of Intervention Alternativessealants cathodic protection system internal coatings external coatings / jackets / wraps chloride extraction

Drying test apparatus

Typical screen menu from STADIUM service life modeling software

8 Inspection and Rehabilitation

Bridge Inspection

Admiral Clarey Bridge to Ford Island, Pearl Harbor, HIFort Madison Bridge, IA

Shockoe Bottom Viaduct, Richmond, VA

Moffatt & Nichol provides bridge inspec-tion services to the U. S. Navy, numer-ous departments of Transportation (DOTs) and other infrastructure owners. This work typically involves aspects of above and below water inspection; material sampling and test-ing; and specific inspection related to fracture-critical members and bridge scour. The firm has numerous engineering personnel holding National Bridge Inspection Standards (NBIS) certification as Inspection Team Leader as de-veloped by the National Highway Institute.

This work is often accomplished in association with Moffatt & Nichols well-established Transportation Practice the firm having developed significant experience in bridge design throughout the United States and internationally as represented by landmark projects such as San Francisco - Oakland Bay Bridge and Virginia Dare Bridge. Highway 24 Bridge over the Columbia River, WA

Use of bridge snooper for below deck inspection

Inspection and Rehabilitation 9

State-of-the-art PS&Es are prepared by the same engineer-divers that performed investigations. These qualified personnel are in a unique position to expertly and efficiently translate findings and deliver cost-effective PS&E - ensuring that nothing is lost in the process. These materials can be used for soliciting construction services to execute the work in either conventional design-bid-build or design-build procurement methods.

Rehabilitation and Upgrade Engineering Design

Rehabilitation and Upgrade Engineering Design Services include:

structural repair - timber/steel/concrete complete facility rehabilitation / modernization structural analysis / load capacity of existing structures (pile-supported structures, cranes/forklifts and mooring hardware)berthing and mooring analysis (mooring hardware load-testing)preparation of design/build RFP solicitation packages existing facility assessment

Once Moffatt & Nichol engineer-diver personnel have established the above and below water condition of a structure, and have overseen any necessary follow-on ma-terial sampling and testing, the same personnel are in a position to prepare reports, plans, specifications and cost estimates (PS&E) for execution of repairs. These repairs are made on the basis of facility sustainment, reha-bilitation or modernization.

10 Inspection and Rehabilitation

Inspection and Rehabilitation in ActionRailConstruction Phase Services

The repair methodology that is developed after the inspection process involves the application of unique processes in adverse locations and environments. This work is typically associated with above and below water construction often in response to fluctuating tidal and weather conditions. The same personnel that are responsible for the inspection, assessment and design of repairs supervise the rehabilitation process. Moffatt & Nichol engineer-divers routinely monitor the progress and quality of contractor efforts in the field to verify that the work is in compliance with the plans and specifications, removing uncertainty from the construction process. Efforts are made to ensure economical use of unit-price materials and protection of the environment resulting in effective repairs designed to extend the service life of the structure.

This work may involve:

confined space entry below water inspection night-time tide-related observation rapid deployment of engineer-divers quick response to emergent conditions general construction observation

Inspection of concrete repair and restoration is a specialty of the firm and includes:

mark-out of concrete repair areas measurement of demolition and repair quantities 28-day follow-on inspection

Inspection and Rehabilitation 11

RailInspection and Rehabilitation in Action

The projects illustrated on the following pages showcase facilities where the Moffatt & Nichol Inspection and Rehabilitation process has been successfully implemented

Partial List of Clients

US Navy

US Coast Guard

City of Norfolk

Port of Los Angeles

The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey

Port of Long Beach

Port of San Diego

Port of Seattle

North Carolina State Port Authority

Port Metro Vancouver

Port of Tacoma

Tampa Port Authority

Georgia Port Authority

Philadelphia Regional Port Authority

New York City Economic Development Corporation

Washington State Department of Transportation

ExxonMobil

ConocoPhillips

BP

Chevron

British Gas, Tunisia

Kuadasi Port, Turkey

Atlantic LNG, Trinidad

Repair, Rehabilitation & Preservation

Inspection and Rehabilitation 13

1

2

3

45

6

7

89

1011

Repair Process

Drill 20 diameter hole

Drive 30 long steel H-pile

Form and place below water concrete

Remove marine growth

Set steel sheet pile

Drill and place steel wale

Place cementitious backfill

Form and cast concrete cap

Place new foam-filled fenders

Dredge to -42.0 MLLW

Place closed-cell concrete mat

7

8

9

10

11

1

2

3

4

5

6

Inspection and Rehabilitation in Action

12

The Port of San Diegos 10th Avenue Marine Terminal was constructed in 1956 by placing a mass rock and concrete wall (cyclopean seawall) to retain a 96-acre land mass.

Forty years later, the seawall was found to be severely compromised with 3 4 ton rocks falling out of the face - creating large voids. Moffatt & Nichol Blaylock engineer-divers performed Inspection & Rehabilitation services to define the problem, assess the severity, develop the solution, and monitor the construction.

This $16 million award-winning project was completed six months ahead of schedule and $1 million under budget. The I&R-based engineering solution resulted in a 50 year

extension of service life as opposed to costly demolition and replacement.

Project highlights included:

engineer-divers materials testing engineering reports plans specifications and cost estimatesconstruction period services concrete placed below water using anti-washout mixture

I&R Services Extends Service Life of Port of San Diegos 10th Avenue Marine Terminal

14 Inspection and Rehabilitation 15

Repair, Rehabilitation & Preservation

Pier 4 After

The result of this process was the modernization of mission critical pier facilities with extended service life at a fraction of the cost associated with demolition and construction of new piers.

1 Repair existing pile cap and piles

Abandon existing concrete deck and beams

Place new pile cap dowels

Remove existing top side utilities. Place new concrete deck

Install new electrical/mechanical utilities

Place new fender systems

2

1

3

4

5

6

1

3

The Naval Facilities Engineering Command had scheduled Pier 1 for conventional cut and patch concrete repairs. This was done to address extensive reinforcing steel corrosion-related damage and general deterioration of the facility. Moffatt & Nichol performed above and below water field investigations and, after preliminary engineering analysis, proposed an alternate engineering solution that consisted of the following:

Rehabilitation of substructure (piling and pile caps) Construction of new reinforced concrete deck (on top of the old deck)Improvement of pier deck load capacity for mobile truck cranesUpgrade of utility services (steam, potable water, compressed air, waste water and electrical). Upgrade of mooring hardware and fender systems

Inspection and Rehabilitation in Action

New Deck Approach Rehabilitates World War II-Era Piers 1, 3, 4 and 5 at Naval Base San Diego

Pier 4 Before

repair

inspection

new deck

Repair Process

2

5

6

4

16

Inspection and Rehabilitation, A Global Practice

LNG Facility, Cove Point, MD Marine Oil Terminal, Clifton Ridge,Lake Charles, LA

Embarcadero

Facilities, U

nified Port of

San Diego, C

A

Pearl Harbor, HI

Victor Whar

f, Guam

LNG Dock, Tunisia

Moffatt & Nichol engineer-divers are strategically located to mobilize on a local or global basis

June 2010

Corporate Office:

3780 Kilroy Airport Way, Suite 750

Long Beach, California 90806

phone: 562-590-6500

fax: 562-590-6512

www.moffattnichol.com