installing oracle 11g on unix

Oracle 11g (Unix)/SQL 2008 (XP) Installation guide

Installing Oracle 11g on UNIX

Pre-installation requirements and configurations

Hardware Requirements

� At least 1 GB of RAM

� If RAM between 1GB -2GB swap space should be 1.5 times the size of RAM.

If RAM between 2GB – 16GB swap space should be equal to the size of RAM

If RAM more than 16GB swap space should be 16GB.

� The size of the shared memory should be at least the greater of

MEMORY_MAX_TARGET and MEMORY_TARGET

� Processor Type x86 or x86_x64

for each Oracle instance on the

computer.

� At least 1 GB of disk space in the /tmp

� Enterprise Edition (x86) - 3.95GB Hard Disk Space for Software Files

directory

Standard Edition (x86) - 3.88GB Hard Disk Space for Software Files

Enterprise Edition (x86) - 1.7GB Hard Disk Space for Data Files

Standard Edition (x86) - 1.5GB Hard Disk Space for Data Files

Enterprise Edition (x86_x64) - 4.35GB Hard Disk Space for Software Files

Standard Edition (x86_x64) - 3.73GB Hard Disk Space for Software Files

Enterprise Edition (x86_x64) - 1.68GB Hard Disk Space for Data Files

Standard Edition (x86_x64) - 1.48GB Hard Disk Space for Data Files

� The minimum display requirement- resolution of 1024 x 768 or higher


� Recommended Hardware Requirement for SQL Developer

Software Requirements

Operating System requirement

� Asianux 2.0� Asianux 3.0� Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.0 Update 7 or later� Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.0� Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0 Update 7 or later� Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.0� SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10.0� SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11.0

Kernel Requirement

� On Asianux 2.0, Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.0, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0:

2.6.9 Or later

� On Asianux 3.0, Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.0, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.0:

2.6.18 or later

� On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10:

2.6.16.21 or later

� On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11:

2.6.27.19 or later

CPU Type and Speed Pentium IV 2 GHz or faster

Java SDK JDK 5.0 Update 6 or later for Linux

Memory 1 GB RAM

Display 65536 colors, set to at least 1024 X 768 resolution


Package Requirements

On Linux x86:

Operating System RequirementAsianux 2.0, Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.0, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0

The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:binutils-2.15.92.0.2compat-libstdc++-33.2.3elfutils-libelf-0.97elfutils-libelf-devel-0.97gcc-3.4.6gcc-c++-3.4.6glibc-2.3.4-2.41glibc-common-2.3.4glibc-devel-2.3.4glibc-headers-2.3.4libaio-devel-0.3.105libaio-0.3.105libgcc-3.4.6libstdc++-3.4.6libstdc++-devel-3.4.6make-3.80pdksh-5.2.14sysstat-5.0.5unixODBC-2.2.11unixODBC-devel-2.2.11

Asianux 3.0, Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.0, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.0

The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:binutils-2.17.50.0.6compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3elfutils-libelf-0.125elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125gcc-4.1.2gcc-c++-4.1.2glibc-2.5-24glibc-common-2.5glibc-devel-2.5glibc-headers-2.5kernel-headers-2.6.18ksh-20060214libaio-0.3.106libaio-devel-0.3.106libgcc-4.1.2


Operating System Requirementlibgomp-4.1.2libstdc++-4.1.2libstdc++-devel-4.1.2make-3.81sysstat-7.0.2unixODBC-2.2.11unixODBC-devel-2.2.11

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:binutils-2.16.91.0.5compat-libstdc++-5.0.7gcc-4.1.2gcc-c++-4.1.2glibc-2.5-24glibc-devel-2.4ksh-93r-12.9libaio-0.3.104libaio-devel-0.3.104libelf-0.8.5libgcc-4.1.2libstdc++-4.1.2libstdc++-devel-4.1.2make-3.80sysstat-8.0.4

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:binutils-2.19gcc-4.3gcc-c++-4.3glibc-2.9glibc-devel-2.9ksh-93tlibstdc++33-3.3.3libstdc++43-4.3.3_20081022libstdc++43-devel-4.3.3_20081022libaio-0.3.104libaio-devel-0.3.104libgcc43-4.3.3_20081022libstdc++-devel-4.3make-3.81sysstat-8.1.5


On Linux x86-64:

Operating System RequirementAsianux 2.0, Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.0, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0

The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:binutils-2.15.92.0.2compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (32 bit)elfutils-libelf-0.97elfutils-libelf-devel-0.97expat-1.95.7gcc-3.4.6gcc-c++-3.4.6glibc-2.3.4-2.41glibc-2.3.4-2.41 (32 bit)glibc-common-2.3.4glibc-devel-2.3.4glibc-headers-2.3.4libaio-0.3.105libaio-0.3.105 (32 bit)libaio-devel-0.3.105libaio-devel-0.3.105 (32 bit)libgcc-3.4.6libgcc-3.4.6 (32-bit)libstdc++-3.4.6libstdc++-3.4.6 (32 bit)libstdc++-devel 3.4.6make-3.80pdksh-5.2.14sysstat-5.0.5unixODBC-2.2.11unixODBC-2.2.11 (32 bit)unixODBC-devel-2.2.11unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 (32 bit)

Asianux 3.0, Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.0, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.0

The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:binutils-2.17.50.0.6compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (32 bit)elfutils-libelf-0.125elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125gcc-4.1.2gcc-c++-4.1.2glibc-2.5-24glibc-2.5-24 (32 bit)


Operating System Requirementglibc-common-2.5glibc-devel-2.5glibc-devel-2.5 (32 bit)glibc-headers-2.5ksh-20060214libaio-0.3.106libaio-0.3.106 (32 bit)libaio-devel-0.3.106libaio-devel-0.3.106 (32 bit)libgcc-4.1.2libgcc-4.1.2 (32 bit)libstdc++-4.1.2libstdc++-4.1.2 (32 bit)libstdc++-devel 4.1.2make-3.81sysstat-7.0.2unixODBC-2.2.11unixODBC-2.2.11 (32 bit)unixODBC-devel-2.2.11unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 (32 bit)

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:binutils-2.16.91.0.5compat-libstdc++-5.0.7gcc-4.1.0gcc-c++-4.1.2glibc-2.5-24glibc-devel-2.4glibc-devel-32bit-2.4ksh-93r-12.9libaio-0.3.104libaio-32bit-0.3.104libaio-devel-0.3.104libaio-devel-32bit-0.3.104libelf-0.8.5libgcc-4.1.2libstdc++-4.1.2libstdc++-devel-4.1.2make-3.80sysstat-8.0.4

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:binutils-2.19


Operating System Requirementgcc-4.3gcc-32bit-4.3gcc-c++-4.3glibc-2.9glibc-32bit-2.9glibc-devel-2.9glibc-devel-32bit-2.9ksh-93tlibaio-0.3.104libaio-32bit-0.3.104libaio-devel-0.3.104libaio-devel-32bit-0.3.104libstdc++33-3.3.3libstdc++33-32bit-3.3.3libstdc++43-4.3.3_20081022libstdc++43-32bit-4.3.3_20081022libstdc++43-devel-4.3.3_20081022libstdc++43-devel-32bit-4.3.3_20081022libgcc43-4.3.3_20081022libstdc++-devel-4.3make-3.81sysstat-8.1.5

Compiler Requirements

Intel C++ Compiler 10.1 or later and the version of GNU C and C++ compilers listed under "Package Requirements"

Depending on the components you want to use, you must ensure that the following software are installed:

are supported with Pro*C/C++, Oracle Call Interface, Oracle C++ Call Interface, and Additional Software Requirements

� Oracle ODBC Drivers� Oracle JDBC/OCI Drivers� Oracle Messaging Gateway� Browser Requirements


Browser Requirements

Web browsers must support Java Script, and the HTML 4.0 and CSS 1.0 standards. The following browsers meet these requirements for Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control:

� Netscape Navigator 8.1� Netscape Navigator 9.0� Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 SP2� Microsoft Internet Explorer 7.0� Microsoft Internet Explorer 7.0 SP1� Microsoft Internet Explorer 8.0� Firefox 2.0� Firefox 3.0.7� Safari 3.0.4� Safari 3.1� Safari 3.2

Preinstallation Requirement for

If you want to install Oracle Database Vault, then set the

Oracle Database Vault

DB_BLOCK_SIZE initialization parameter to 4096 or larger. If the value is less than 4096, then you cannot change it. The only way to change the DB_BLOCK_SIZE

Configuration

value is by recreating the database.

To determine the RAM size, enter the following command:

# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

To determine the size of the configured swap space, enter the following command:

# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo


To determine whether the system architecture can run the software, enter the following command:

# uname -m

To determine the amount of disk space available in the /tmp

# df -h /tmp

directory, enter the following command:

To determine the amount of free disk space on the system, enter the following command:

# df -h

To To determine whether the required kernel is installed, enter the following command:

# uname –r

To determine the free disk space on each mounted file system use the following command:

# df –h


To increase swap size enter following command:

# dd if=/dev/zero of=/extraswap bs=1M count=512

To make swap file and turn on enter following commands:

#mkswap /extraswap

#swapon /extraswap

Oracles recommend the following parameter settings in /etc/sysctl.conf file.

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576fs.file-max = 6815744kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 536870912kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048586


The current values can be tested executing following shell script as a root user.

#!/bin/bash

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep fs.aio-max-nr

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep fs.file-max

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep kernel.shmall

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep kernel.shmmax

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep kernel.shmmni

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep kernel.sem

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep net.core.rmem_default

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep net.core.rmem_max

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep net.core.wmem_default

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep net.core.rmem_max

It will display kernel parameters as follows:

Add or amend the following lines in the "/etc/sysctl.conf" file.

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576fs.file-max = 6815744kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 536870912kernel.shmmni = 4096# semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmnikernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default=262144net.core.rmem_max=4194304net.core.wmem_default=262144net.core.wmem_max=1048586


Run the following command to change the current kernel parameters:

/sbin/sysctl -p

Add the following lines to the /etc/security/limits.conf file:

oracle soft nproc 2047oracle hard nproc 16384oracle soft nofile 1024oracle hard nofile 65536


Add the following line to the /etc/pam.d/login file, if it does not already exist:

session required pam_limits.so


Start the Firewall administration dialog (System > Administration > Firewall). Click the

"Disable" button followed by the apply button on the toolbar, and then close the dialog.

Disable secure linux by editing the /etc/selinux/config file, making sure the SELINUX flag is set

as follows:

SELINUX=disabled


Setup Packages

Install required packagers mentions in packager requirements using YUM command or RPM .if you using yum following commands install the particular libraries.

Ex: yum install <package name>

I used following shell script to install all the packages at once.

#!/bin/bash

yum install compat-libstdc++-33yum install compat-libstdc++-33.i686yum install elfutils-libelfyum install elfutils-libelf-develyum install gccyum install gcc-c++yum install glibcyum install glibc.i686yum install glibc-commonyum install glibc-develyum install glibc-devel.i686yum install glibc-headersyum install kshyum install libaioyum install libaio.i686yum install libaio-develyum install libaio-devel.i686yum install libgccyum install libgcc.i686yum install libstdc++yum install libstdc++.i686yum install libstdc++-develyum install makeyum install numactl-develyum install sysstatyum install unixODBCyum install unixODBC.i686yum install unixODBC-develyum install unixODBC-devel.i686


Create the new groups and users:

groupadd oinstallgroupadd dbagroupadd opergroupadd asmadmin

useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmadmin oraclepasswd oracle

Create the directories in which the Oracle software will be installed:

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01chmod -R 775 /u01

Login as root and issue the following command:

xhost +<machine-name>


if you install oracle on fedora newest versions The release information in /etc/redhat-release is incorrect as far as the Oracle installer is concerned. It knows nothing about Fedora but does know about Red Hat. Therefore the release string needs to be modified as follows:

# cp /etc/redhat-release /etc/redhat-release.org# echo "redhat release 5" > /etc/redhat-release

Login as the oracle user and add the following lines at the end of the .bash_profile file:

# Oracle SettingsTMP=/tmp; export TMPTMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=fedora13.localdomain; export ORACLE_HOSTNAMEORACLE_UNQNAME=DB11G; export ORACLE_UNQNAMEORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASEORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOMEORACLE_SID=DB11G; export ORACLE_SIDORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERMPATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATHPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATHCLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; thenif [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384ulimit -n 65536

elseulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

fifi


Log into the oracle user. If you are using X emulation then set the DISPLAY environmental variable:

DISPLAY=<machine-name>:0.0; export DISPLAY

Start the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) by issuing the following command in the database directory:

./runInstaller


Then following screen will appear:

Enter Your Email address to be informed of security issues, install the product and initiate

configuration manager. Then click next.

After few seconds following screen will appear. Select appropriate install option. Then click

next.


Next window ask for appropriate system class. Select it and click next:

After few seconds following dialog box will appear. Select type of the database installation you

want to perform. Then click next:


Then you should see the following Typical Install Configuration screen:

Enter Administrator password and click next. Then following dialog box will appear. If this is

your first installation leave default values. Otherwise specify directory for installation files.


Next OUI checks that the installed software development and runtime packages are correct:

Some Fedora versions will fail all these checks. Just tick the check box Ignore All on the top right hand to ignore these errors. So long as you have the latest version of each of these packages installed, all will be fine. you do not need to install pdksh if you have ksh installed. Then click next.

Then installation wizard displays summary of the installation you are going to do. Best practice

save it to file for later use.


Then click next to start installation process.

During the installation, OUI will popup a dialog window advising you that an error has occurredwith ins_emagent.mk. See below:

This error is due to a change to GCC linker which first occurred in Fedora 13. The fix is to edit $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk, search for the line$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) and replace the line with $(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) -lnnz11 asShown below.


After saving the changed file, select the Retry option and the install should successfully continue. Eventually you should see the Database Configuration Assistant screen followed shortly by aPassword Management screen as shown below:

Do not ignore the Password Management button; press it and change the passwords for SYS andSYSTEM.

After this you will be asked to run two shell scripts as root.


Just open up a root terminal window and execute these shell scripts. One script installs three scripts, coraenv, oraenv and dbhome in /usr/local/bin (or another user-specified directory) and the other creates /etc/oratab.

At this stage the installer has finished installing the Oracle database and you can press the FinishButton. The Oracle database does not need to be started; it is already up and running.

After finishing your installation restart your computer. After reboot yourComputer you have to execute some commands.

STEP 01: Edit the /etc/oratab file

This file setting the restart flag for each instance to Y:


STEP 02: Edit the /etc/redhat-release file

This file used to restore the original release information.

To confirm theInstallation was successful, try doing the following:

$ iduid=502(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),503(oper),504(asmadmin)$ cd $ORACLE_HOME$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 06-AUG-2010 20:47:56

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Starting /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - ProductionSystem parameter file is /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.oraLog messages written to /app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/ultra/listener/alert/log.xmlListening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ultra.localhost.com)(PORT=1521)))


Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))STATUS of the LISTENER------------------------Alias LISTENERVersion TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - ProductionStart Date 06-AUG-2010 20:47:58Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 secTrace Level offSecurity ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP OFFListener Parameter File /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.oraListener Log File /app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/fedora13/listener/alert/log.xmlListening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ultra. localhost.com)(PORT=1521)))

The listener supports no servicesThe command completed successfully$

$ emctl start dbconsoleOracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.2.0.1.0Copyright (c) 1996, 2009 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

https://ultra.localhost.com:1158/em/console/aboutApplication

Starting Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control ...... started.------------------------------------------------------------------Logs are generated in directory /app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/ultra.localhost.com_orcl/sysman/log$

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Aug 6 20:50:12 2010

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startupORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 839282688 bytesFixed Size 2217992 bytesVariable Size 524290040 bytesDatabase Buffers 306184192 bytesRedo Buffers 6590464 bytesDatabase mounted.Database opened.SQL> exitDisconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options$


By entering URL you can go to your database management console web page.

To display above window Database instance, listener and agent connection to instanceshould be up. It above mentions conditions are true, it will display above window. You mustenter user name and password to login to database console. It one of that above mentionrequirement are missing, it will display fallowing window. For login for management consoleyou must fulfill those requirements.


If you successfully authenticate, it will display fallowing window

Start and stop the Oracle sever using Script

To shutdown our oracle database server, we develop small bash shell script. ByExecuting this shell script we can stop and start our oracle server without entering anyCommands.

#!/bin/bash##Run-level Startup script for the Oracle Instance and Listener## chkconfig: 345 91 19# description: Startup/Shutdown Oracle listener and instanceORA_HOME="/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1"ORA_OWNR="oracle"# if the executables do not exist -- display errorif [ ! -f $ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart -o ! -d $ORA_HOME ]thenecho "Oracle startup: cannot start"exit 1fi# depending on parameter -- startup, shutdown, restart# of the instance and listener or usage displaycase "$1" instart)# Oracle listener and instance startupecho -n "Starting Oracle: "su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"su - $ORA_OWNR -c $ORA_HOME/bin/dbstarttouch /var/lock/subsys/oracleecho "OK";;


stop)# Oracle listener and instance shutdownecho -n "Shutdown Oracle: "su - $ORA_OWNR -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"su - $ORA_OWNR -c $ORA_HOME/bin/dbshutrm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracleecho "OK";;reload|restart)$0 stop$0 start*)echo "Usage: $0 start|stop|restart|reload"exit 1esacexit 0

We create a file call oracle inside the /etc/init.d and paste above script into this file and save. Then you have to access permission for this file. For that we execute Chmod 777 oracleCommand as a root user.

After saving this file execute Chconfig oracle command to updating the run levelInformation.

You can directly execute fallowing command to stop and run oracle

Service oracle stop

Service oracle start


Start and Shutdown Oracle DB using GUIFor that you have to log into dbConsole by entering username and password. For that

type your dbConsole Application URL in your web browser.

Shutdown the server

After successfully logon to your oracle server, you can shut down your server by clickingOn the shutdown button.

Then it prompts to enter the username and password for host and db credentials.

Then it will ask “Are you sure you want to perform this action?” say yes,


Start the db server

You can simply start your stopped db server by clicking on the Startup button. Then itWill prompt to enter the username and password for host and db credentials.

Then it will ask “Are you sure you want to perform this action?” say yes.


After successfully start the database browser window as follow…

Client-Server Configuration

In the Oracle client/server architecture, the database application and the database areSeparated into two parts: a front-end or client portion, and a back-end or server portion. TheClient executes the database application that accesses database information and interacts witha user through the keyboard, screen, and pointing device such as a mouse. The server executes the Oracle software and handles the functions required for concurrent, shared data access to an Oracle database.

Although the client application and Oracle can be executed on the same computer, itMay be more efficient and effective when the client portion(s) and server portion are executedBy different computers connected via a network.

Normal listener


At the each and every time we start our PC, we have to execute our listener again andAgain. For that you can use fallowing command to start the listener

$ lsnrctl start

Shared Server Listener

Only thing we need to configure is set the SERVER value as “shared”. Then this dbServer becomes shared server.

Dedicated Server Listener

If we set server value as “dedicated”, that server become dedicated server.

installing oracle 11g on unix

Documents