INSTANT REPLAY IN SPORTS

Jonathan Nagar

Weston McCollum

Cody Kustrin

De Nguyen

Introduction

INSTANT REPLAY: The recording and immediate playback of a part of a live television broadcast of a sporting event (used by officials).

ISSUE: Controversial calls continue to affect the outcome of sporting events.

Instant Replay JurisdictionNational Football League (NFL) Each team is allowed two instant replay reviews a

game (coach challenges). Challenges can be used on:

scoring playspass completionsout-of-bounds plays forward passed fumblesdown-by-contact plays forward progress plays touching of a kick and placement of the football.

Instant Replay JurisdictionMajor League Baseball (MLB) Reviews boundary home run calls to

determine:Fair (home run) or foul.Whether the ball actually left the playing

field.Whether the ball was subject to spectator

interference.

Instant Replay JurisdictionATP and WTA World Tour Tennis Review calls on balls in or out of the

playing surface.

National Hockey League (NHL) Review calls on controversial goals

scored.

National Basketball League (NBA) Review shots made before the buzzer.

Questions To Be Answered Is Instant Replay at an appropriate level

in sports? Does Instant Replay have a positive

impact on sports? Does Instant Replay ultimately make the

games more fair?

Questions To Be AnsweredConcerns: Does Instant Replay slow down the

pace of the game? Is it practical to implement Instant

Replay in Division II and III sports?

World Cup: England vs. Germany

Additional Controversies

MLB: Detroit Tigers vs. Cleveland Indians

Galarraga Perfect Game lost on final call. Philadelphia Phillies vs. Florida Marlins

Gaby Sanchez walk off hit ruled foul. (WS) San Francisco Giants vs. Texas

RangersDouble play was ruled safe at first base.

Main Research HypothesisQuestion: Should Instant Replay be

further implemented in sports?

Data Collection & PreparationCollection Methods Used Survey Monkey (Sample Size 40)

10 MC Scaled Response Questions.Used on Facebook as an event.

Interviews (Sample Size 20)

Target Audience Sports Fans/Followers

Descriptive Statistics

How many hours a week do you spend watching sports?

0 to 5 - 13

6 to 10 -14

11 to 15 - 4

16 to 20 - 6

20+ - 3

Descriptive Statistics

0 to 5 6 to 10 11 to 15 16 to 20 20+0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Hours of sports watched per week

Mode is 6 to 10 hours

Median is 6 to 10 hours

Mean is 9.1125

Descriptive Statistics Which sport do you

watch the most?

Baseball - 11

Basketball - 3

Football - 23

Hockey - 1

Soccer - 1

Tennis - 0

Other - 1 Baseball

Basketball

Football

Hockey

Soccer

Tennis

Other

0 5 10 15 20 25

Most Watched Sport

Probability

Probability of choosing someone from our data who watches football the most.P(E)=23/40=.575

Probability of choosing someone that does not watch football the most.Using the complement rule: P(E)=1-

P(E)=.425

Descriptive Statistics Have you ever

played sports at a competitive level?

Yes - 32

No - 8

80%

20%

Respondents who played a sport at a competitive level.

Yes No

Descriptive Statistics Instant replay has a

positive impact on sports.

Strongly Agree - 23

Somewhat Agree - 14

No Opinion - 2

Somewhat Disagree - 1

Strongly Disagree - 0 Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree

No Opinion Somewhat Disagree

Strongly Disagree

0

5

10

15

20

25

Instant Replay: positive impact?

Hypothesis Test for Positive Impact

Descriptive Statistics Instant replay is at an

appropriate level in sports.

Strongly Agree - 5

Somewhat Agree - 24

No Opinion - 5

Somewhat Disagree - 5

Strongly Disagree - 1 Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree

No Opinion Somewhat Disagree

Strongly Disagree

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Appropriate Level

Hypothesis Test for Appropriate Level

Descriptive Statistics Instant replay slows

down the pace of the game.

Strongly Agree - 11

Somewhat Agree - 15

No Opinion - 1

Somewhat Disagree - 11

Strongly Disagree - 2

Strongly

Agree28%

Somewhat Agree38%

No Opin-ion3%

Somewhat Dis-

agree28%

Strongly Disagree5%

Pace of the game: slower?

Hypothesis Test for Pace of Game

Descriptive Statistics It is practical to

implement instant replay in Division 2 and 3.

Strongly Agree - 5

Somewhat Agree - 12

No Opinion - 7

Somewhat Disagree - 7

Strongly Disagree - 9 Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree

No Opinion Somewhat Disagree

Strongly Disagree

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Instant Replay: Used in Di-vision 2 and 3 sports?

Hypothesis Test for Replay in Division II and III

Descriptive Statistics Instant replay corrects

official/referee decisions.

Strongly Agree - 25

Somewhat Agree - 13

No Opinion - 1

Somewhat Disagree - 1

Strongly Disagree - 0

Strongly Agree

Somewhat Agree

No Opinion Somewhat Disagree

Strongly Disagree

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Corrects official de-cisions?

Hypothesis Test for Correcting Mistakes

Descriptive Statistics Instant replay

ultimately makes the games being played more fair.

Strongly Agree - 19

Somewhat Agree - 17

No Opinion - 2

Somewhat Disagree - 2

Strongly Disagree - 0

Strongly Agree48%Some

what Agree43%

No Opinion

5%Somewhat Disagree

5%

Makes games more fair?

Hypothesis Test for Fairness

Descriptive Statistics

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

f(x) = 0.5 x + 0.125

Linear Regression Scatter Plot

Y

Predicted Y

Linear (Predicted Y)

X Variable 1

Y

Conclusion and Recommendations The average (mean) for hours of sports

watched per week was 9.1125 75% of the sample played sports at a

competitive level at some point in their lives.

37 of the 40 people surveyed agreed that instant replay has a positive impact on sports.

65% also agreed that usage of instant replay slows down the game.

Conclusions and Recommendations 29 of the 40 people sampled agreed that

instant replay is at an appropriate level at this time.

23 of 40 feel that it is not practical to implement instant replay in Division II and Division III sports.

95% of the sample agreed that instant replay corrects mistakes made by officials.

90% of the people surveyed agreed that instant replay makes the game play more fair.

Conclusions and Recommendations Given the data collected, we determined

that instant replay should be implemented across all professional sports.

For the sports in which instant replay is already utilized, it should be refined and used to a further degree.

As a group, we collectively believe in the usage of instant replay for professional and college sports.

Suggestions for Improving Study Conduct survey to broader age groups. Ask more questions regarding each

sport individually. Acquire a larger sample size with more

participants.