institutet fÖr rymdfysik swedish institute of space physics u. raffalski, ndsc mw workshop, kos,...

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U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004- 05-31 INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics KIMRA Kiruna Microwave Radiometer U. Raffalski (1) G. Hochschild and G. Kopp (2) (1) Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna (2) Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum und Universität Karlsruhe, Germany

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Page 1: INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 KIMRA Kiruna Microwave Radiometer U. Raffalski

U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31

INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIKSwedish Institute of Space Physics

KIMRAKiruna Microwave Radiometer

U. Raffalski(1)

G. Hochschild and G. Kopp (2)

(1) Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna(2) Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research,

Forschungszentrum und Universität Karlsruhe, Germany

Page 2: INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 KIMRA Kiruna Microwave Radiometer U. Raffalski

U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31

INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIKSwedish Institute of Space Physics

The KIMRA instrument at IRF Kiruna

• Location above polar circle (67.8 N, 21.4 E)– Cold and dry winter troposphere

transmissivity 0.53±0.18 (1σ) during period Nov - Apr 2003/04– Polar vortex – Vicinity to PSC

• Target species: O3, ClO, N2O, HNO3

• Continuous measurements since Jan 2002 (ozone)• Data retrieval by G. Kopp, IMK

Page 3: INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 KIMRA Kiruna Microwave Radiometer U. Raffalski

U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31

INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIKSwedish Institute of Space Physics

The KIMRA instrument at IRF Kiruna

Page 4: INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 KIMRA Kiruna Microwave Radiometer U. Raffalski

U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31

INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIKSwedish Institute of Space Physics

The KIMRA instrument at IRF Kiruna

Definition of edge region according to Equivalent Latitude Method

Page 5: INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 KIMRA Kiruna Microwave Radiometer U. Raffalski

U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31

INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIKSwedish Institute of Space Physics

The KIMRA instrument at IRF KirunaGrid symbols

+45°

0° (vertical)

90° (horizontal)

Rotatable

A O S

Single sideband filterrotatingmirror I

rotatingmirror II

sidebandtermination

coldcalibration

load

Adjustablereferenceload

schottkymixer

293 K

120 K

Cryostat30 K

horn-antenna

1.6-2.6 GHz

Path length modulator

PLL

f

2f

Diplexer

Localoscillator

212 GHz

Acousto-Optical Spectrometer (AOS)

Data acquisition

crosspolarisationfilter

Periscope

Atmosphere

azimuthmirror

elevationmirror

Polarizer

warmcalibrationload

lownoiseamplifier

gunn106

GHzA O S

Single sideband filterrotatingmirror I

rotatingmirror II

sidebandtermination

coldcalibration

load

Adjustablereferenceload

schottkymixer

293 K

120 K

Cryostat30 K

horn-antenna

1.6-2.6 GHz

Path length modulator

PLL

f

2f

Diplexer

Localoscillator

212 GHz

Acousto-Optical Spectrometer (AOS)

Data acquisition

crosspolarisationfilter

Periscope

Atmosphere

azimuthmirror

elevationmirror

Polarizer

warmcalibrationload

lownoiseamplifier

gunn106

GHzA O S

Single sideband filterrotatingmirror I

rotatingmirror II

sidebandtermination

coldcalibration

load

Adjustablereferenceload

schottkymixer

293 K

120 K

Cryostat30 K

horn-antenna

1.6-2.6 GHz

Path length modulator

PLL

f

2f

Diplexer

Localoscillator

212 GHz

Acousto-Optical Spectrometer (AOS)

Data acquisition

crosspolarisationfilter

Periscope

Atmosphere

azimuthmirror

elevationmirror

Polarizer

warmcalibrationload

lownoiseamplifier

gunn106

GHzA O S

Single sideband filterrotatingmirror I

rotatingmirror II

sidebandtermination

coldcalibration

load

Adjustablereferenceload

schottkymixer

293 K

120 K

Cryostat30 K

horn-antenna

1.6-2.6 GHz

Path length modulator

PLL

f

2f

Diplexer

Localoscillator

212 GHz

Acousto-Optical Spectrometer (AOS)

Data acquisition

crosspolarisationfilter

Periscope

Atmosphere

azimuthmirror

elevationmirror

Polarizer

warmcalibrationload

lownoiseamplifier

gunn106

GHz

Page 6: INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 KIMRA Kiruna Microwave Radiometer U. Raffalski

U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31

INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIKSwedish Institute of Space Physics

The KIMRA instrument at IRF Kiruna

Page 7: INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 KIMRA Kiruna Microwave Radiometer U. Raffalski

U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31

INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIKSwedish Institute of Space Physics

Vertical resolution and sensitivity of KIMRA

Page 8: INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 KIMRA Kiruna Microwave Radiometer U. Raffalski

U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31

INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIKSwedish Institute of Space Physics

Comparison radiometer/FTIR/sonde

• Data from 030205 - 030321• 14 Ozone sondes from Sodankylä• 16 FTIR ozone profiles• 28 millimetre wave ozone profiles

Page 9: INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 KIMRA Kiruna Microwave Radiometer U. Raffalski

U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31

INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIKSwedish Institute of Space Physics

Comparison KIMRA/FTIR/sonde

Page 10: INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 KIMRA Kiruna Microwave Radiometer U. Raffalski

U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31

INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIKSwedish Institute of Space Physics

Comparison KIMRA/FTIR

Page 11: INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 KIMRA Kiruna Microwave Radiometer U. Raffalski

U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31

INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIKSwedish Institute of Space Physics

Summary

• A new mm-wave radiometer is operated at IRF

• Target species O3, ClO, N2O, HNO3

• Frequency range 192 – 225 GHz• Cryogenically cooled Schottky-mixer (25 K)• Continuous ozone observations since Jan 2002

Page 12: INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 KIMRA Kiruna Microwave Radiometer U. Raffalski

U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31

INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIKSwedish Institute of Space Physics

Problems

• Strong baseline of the order of 2-3 K …– quite stable– most likely between LO and mixer

– impairs measurements of ClO, N2O, HNO3

• Cold calibration load temperature (value, drift)• …

Page 13: INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIK Swedish Institute of Space Physics U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31 KIMRA Kiruna Microwave Radiometer U. Raffalski

U. Raffalski, NDSC MW workshop, KOS, 2004-05-31

INSTITUTET FÖR RYMDFYSIKSwedish Institute of Space Physics

Further work

• Baseline effects have to be reduced– measurements of ClO, N2O, and HNO3

• Upgrade to higher resolution in the line center– ozone at high altitudes

– time sharing with a future (?) H2O radiometer