Institutional Development

Oleh Hadi Wahyono

Background• Institutional is part of a planning role in

making them a reality.• Without institutional, plans can not be

realized effectively and efficiently.• Institutions must be built in accordance with

the demands of the embodiment of plans.• The meeting discussed institutional

development, as part of the planning and development.

INSTITUTION

What are institutions?• “Institutions are the rules of the game in a society; are the humanly

devised constraints that shape human interaction” (Douglas North, 1990).

• Economic, political and social Interactions • Douglas North (1990): ”Institutions are the humanly devised constraints

that structure human interaction. They are made up of formal constraints1, informal constraints2 and their enforcement characteristics. Together they define the incentive structure of societies and specificially economies”. – 1) rules, laws, constitutions– 2) norms, behavior, conventions

• … or simply ’the rules of the game’• Informal institutions

Informal constraints: sanctions, taboos, customs, tradition and code of conduct

• Formal institutionsFormal rules: constitutions, laws, property rights

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Definitions of institution• Institusi (pranata)– Rules, enforcement characteristics of rules, and norms of

behaviour that structure repeated human interaction– Rules of the game in a society; humanly devised

constraints that shaped human interaction

• Cakupan pranata– Peraturan (aspek legal)– Norma-norma berperilaku (unsur nilai)– Aturan main (penegakan)

PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES IN INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Failures of institutional development

• Bureaucracy that is difficult to change.• Capacity and capability of the government

organizations that are not in accordance with the nature and institutional forms.

• The development of new institutions to serve their own interests.

• Empowerment failure

Institution is not developed with the goal of developers

• Institutional built-institutional limited only to strengthen the bonds of horizontal, but weak in the vertical bonding.

• Institutional set up more for the purpose of distributing aid and facilitate the control tasks for implementing the program, not to an increase in social capital is fundamentally community.

• As a result, institutions will be dissolved shortly after executing abandoned.

Institutional development is too structural

• Organizational structures are built relatively uniform, which is unusual

• Although institutional been formed, but the individual tends to run coaching is limited to the board and the figures with the principle of trickle down effct, not social learning approach

• Institutional development always using structural lines, and weak aspects of cultural development

• Sruktur organization built first, but not followed the development of cultural aspects (vision, motivation, spirit, management, etc.)

Introduction of institutional development that failed

• Introductions more institutional than nonmaterial through material culture, or a change in materialistic

• The introduction of new institutions has undermined existing local institutions, including damage relations existing horizontal

Institutional development tends to be symbolism

• Institutional development is still more of a political jargon rather than the reality on the ground

• Institutional developed just lip-service, ease the demands of society, without meeting the demands of truth

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Decentralization-Centralization

Institutional instead of organizing

Lembaga

Orientasi Pada KebutuhanPeranan Yang DimainkanUpacaraPengakuan karena MembudayaPengawasan SosialTerlibatnya PendukungEmpirikTradisi turun-temurunBerpegang Pada NormaPrioritas Usia dan GengsiAlat Memenuhi kebutuhan

Organisasi

Orientasi Pada TujuanTugas Yang DilaksanakanProsedurPengakuan karena didirikan resmiPengawasan PeraturanKeanggotaanDigagas dan DiwujudkanKebiasaan karena RutinKesetiaan Pada TujuanPrioritas Keterampilan dan kemahiranAlat Mencapai Tujuan

INSTITUTIONALIZATION

Defintion of institutional development

• Institutional development is the planning, structuring, and the guidance of the new organization or reconstituted, are:

• Coaxing a change in values, functions, technologies, physical, and / or social.

• Establish, develop, and protect the normative relationships and patterns of new measures.

• Acquire and build support and completeness in the environment.

Principles of Institutional Development

• Development of institutions is a means of driving the process of change and innovation, in order to survive and sustainable institutions.

• Institutional development is a perspective of social change that is planned and constructed.

• Institutional development involves innovations which implies a qualitative change in various aspects (norms, patterns of behavior, relationships, perceptions, goals and means).

• The establishment of organizations use formal structure approach, but development organizations use behavioral approach rather than formal structure.

• Institutional developmentinstitutionalization of the organization.

Aims of institutionalization

• Institutional development perspective that aims to take social innovation and oriented to the change, work through a formal organization.

• Build an organization which lives on, effectively, with the support and the completeness of their environment.

• Support make innovation become rooted, normative, and institutionalized in the group.

Scopes of institutionalization• Is the creation of a conscious human being.• Sometimes in the form of a written and formally enforced• Can be predicted (quite stable) so easily applied to situations

repeatedly.• Conducted by a group of individuals (group decision).• Has the dimension of time - (can be done in a situation that

repeatedly).• Has the dimensions of a place - (related to the physical environment).• Has rules - norms that characterize the institution.• There is a monitoring and enforcement are also enforced internally by

the individual.• Being in a hierarchical and network or regularity tiered society.• Is part of a more complex institutional (many other related

institutions).

INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

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What is strategy?• The determination of the basic long term

goals and objectives of an enterprise and the adoption of courses of action and the allocation of resources necessary for carrying out these goals

• Pattern of objectives, purposes or goals and major policies and plans for achieving these goals, stated in such a way as to define what business the company is in or is to be in and the kind of company it is or is to be

Strategy keywords• A translation of the destination (vision) and

objectives (mission) of an organization• A reference to implementation (action,

implementation)• Done with consideration carefully and

comprehensively– internal conditions– external conditions

• Are strategic, decisive for the success of the (long-term) of an organization

Institutional development strategy• How organizational mission and vision is clear and

focused and supported by policies, plans, objectives, targets and the relevant processes

• Sub-criteria– Policies and strategies based on the current needs and

expectations of the stakeholders now and in the future• The aspects covered

– Obtain information and find out how to position the organization in a broader context

– Anticipating how future needs, in accordance with the "market demand" (clients, customers, the target group)

– Anticipate and understand how the behavior of the external aspects related to the organization

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State institutional change process

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Development framework model

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Development framework model

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Strategy in Planning Process

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Proses perumusan strategipada organisasi publik (public organization)

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Key factors in institutional changes

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Elements in capacity delopment

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Continuing changes

THANK YOU