instructional design
DESCRIPTION
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INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
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What is Instructional Design?
A Science
The science of creating detailed specifications for the development, implementation, evaluation, and maintenance of situations that facilitate the learning of both large and small units of subject matter at all levels of complexity.
A Discipline:
The branch of knowledge concerned with research and theory about instructional strategies and the process for developing and implementing those strategies.
A Process:
The systematic development of instructional specifications using learning and instructional theory to ensure the quality of instruction…the entire process of analysis of learning needs and goals and the development of a delivery system to meet those needs. It includes development of instructional materials and activities; and tryout and evaluation of all instruction and learner activities.
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What is Instructional
Design?
Instructional Design allows you to
analyze the learning needs of an
end-user and develop a course
that will allow you to meet its
objectives. These needs can be
for varied audiences, and at each
point you need to ensure that you
are meeting these requirements.
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Instructional Systems Design
After the Second World War, the U.S. military was looking for a systematic way ofcreating training programs quickly and efficiently. These efforts resulted in the development of some basic Instructional Systems Design (ISD) models, which were taught at the Florida State University.
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Instructional
Design Model
ADDIE
Rapid prototypin
g
Dick & Carey
Instructional
Development Learning
System (IDLS)
Kemp design
A.S.S.U.R.E
ARCS
Instructional Designing Models
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ADDIE MODEL
DAY 1
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The ADDIE Model
Analysis
Design
DevelopmentImplementation
Evaluation
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ADDIE - AnalysisWHY am I teaching this course? WHO am I teaching it to?
Analysis
Design
DevelopmentImplementation
Evaluation
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HOW am I going to teach it?
ADDIE - Design
Analysis
Design
DevelopmentImplementation
Evaluation
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WHAT exactly am I going to teach?
ADDIE - Development
Analysis
Design
DevelopmentImplementation
Evaluation
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HOW should I deliver the course?
ADDIE - Implementation
Analysis
Design
DevelopmentImplementation
Evaluation
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HOW was the course?
ADDIE - Evaluation
Analysis
Design
DevelopmentImplementation
Evaluation
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Instructional Design Process
Analyze Design Develop Implement Evaluate
Determine the problem
Define course goals
Analyze audience
Analyze the tasks
Identify conditions and constraints
Review past experiences
Translate course goals into objectives
Determine topics to be covered and time
Choose most appropriate delivery method
Identify instructional strategies
Identify assessment strategies
Develop an outline
Build course structure
Content creation Visual,
handouts, resources
Review existing materials and repurpose
Expectations Initiate
instruction Interaction Formative
evaluation
Summative evaluation
External evaluations
Personal reflection
Ideas for improvements
A D D I E
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ADDIE sample tasks and outputs
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Analysis
Task analysis The purpose of a task analysis is to determine exactly what learners need to know in order to achieve a certain goal that has been set for them. It helps to decide:
Content areas Sequence of instruction Method of teaching
Audience Analysis is finding out relevant information about the learners for whom the training is being developed. Audience analysis helps to:
Determine the current ability of the learners
Spot learner characteristics Make decisions about how to teach
effectivelyContent Depth and ComplexityExamples/ScenariosMethod of InstructionTone/Language UsedFeedback StyleMedia Selection
Audience analysis
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How to do task analysis?
List tasks.
Break down tasks into smaller subtasks.
List the conditions and performance
standards under which tasks are
performed.
Categorize tasks as prerequisite/Entry
tasks, Main tasks, Advanced tasks.Can you
give an
example
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How to do audience analysis?
Who is my audience – teachers/
students ?
Why would they need/read this content?
Is it really going to be useful when
compared with the books or what edge
does it provide to the learner?
Do you know of the prior knowledge of
the learner?
Have you thought how computer savvy
they are?
Considering their age, have you thought
what is there primary learning mode -
VAK
Can you
give an
example
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Other Analysis
Needs Assessment: The purpose of a needs assessment is to answer the following questions:• What is the problem?• What is the need/learning gap?• Is an instructional solution required?
Context Analysis: The purpose of a context analysis is to examine the conditions in which the learner works, such as the technology used in the workplace, physical location, tools, or job aids.
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ACTIVITY
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o Select a chapter from your subject
o Plan broadly the tasks to be done under each stage of ADDIE
Exercise