instrumental meteorological observ ations in iceland in ... · the advice research project-file...

,Vedurstofa Islands

Report

"ADVICE" [ENV4 - CT95 - 0129]

Trausti JenssonGisli Kristjånsson

Instrumental meteorological observations in Iceland in the Early Instrumental Period.A Data Companion

Vi-G98026-UR21ReykjavikJuli 1998

CONTENTS

1. Introduetion and references page 2

2. File loeations and syntax deseriptions page 3

3. Exeel (5.0/7.0) files deseriptions page 7

4. PRN (comma decimal point format) files deseriptions page 10

5. PRN (dot decimal point format) files deseriptions page 12

6. Data series eode descriptions and station loeations page 14

7. Various data tables and eharts page 30

Tables containing pressure data statisties:

Sveinn Pålsson series page 30

Rasmus Lievog series page 31

von Scheel series , page 32

Magnus Ketilsson series page 48

- J .

INTRODUCTION

Trausti J6nsson and Gisli Kristjansson

Instrumental observations in leeland in the EIPA Data Companion

The EU ENV-4 program ADVICE enabled the Icelandic Meteorological Office to resurnework on the digitization of early instrumental observations in Iceland. This work hadstarted on a small scale around 1990 with a grant from the Icelandic Science Fund. Now itwas possible to search for more data and digitize much more. It also became possible to domore background work and finally to make the data available for the general community.

The present report is a companion to the data files and gives an introduction to the dataformat. Some checking is also included. For more information on the background, stationsand observers one must refer to Havarosson (1997), J6nsson and Garaarsson (1998) andThorbjarnard6ttir et.al. (1998). Here a very short overview is sufficient (from the abstract ofJ6nsson and Garaarsson above).

When the Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI) was established in 1872 it took over theresponsibility of meteorological observations in Iceland. Prior to that time, the observations were in the hands of interested individuals, in some cases in close contact with theinternational scientific community. The original data material has accumulated at theManuscript section of the Icelandic National Library and at the Icelandic MeteorologicalOffice. Much of it was delivered to Iceland along with other documents from official Danish archives after the formal independence of Iceland. The oldest such observations thathave been found were made in 1749-1751 and 1763. The temporai density increases after1775 and from 1822 there is at least one instrumental observation to be found on each andevery day, somewhere in the country. During the 1776 to 1822 period there are many gaps,both short and long, the longest from late 1814 to mid-1820. During this last gap almost noinstrumental records have been found. The quality of the observations is very variable, butgenerally they seem to be at least internally consistent and will certainly become an important addition to the knowledge of the climate and ciimatic variability of the NortheastAtlantic.

Referenees:

Garoarsson, H. (1998) Stuttarleg æviatriai manna sem gerau veaurathuganir a Islandi fyrir1872 eaa tengdust j:Jessum athugunum. (Short biograpical notes relating to meteorologicalobservations in Iceland before 1872). VI-G98029-UR24.

Havarasson, S. (1997) Veaurhandrit. Konnun og skraning veourfræoilegra gagna a Handritadeild Landsb6kasafns og l>j6oskjalasafni Islands. With an English Summary and explanations. (Includes details and commentaries on the observation manuscript source references). Veourstofa Islands, VI-G97039-UR30, 1997 6+28pp.

J6nsson, T., H. Garoarsson (1998) Early instrumental meteorological observations in Iceland. Submitted to "Climatic Change".

Thorbjarnard6ttir, G., T. J6nsson and G. Kristjansson, (1998). Afrit af nokkrum skj61um al>j6askjalasafni varaandi fslenskar veaurathuganir a 18. old (Transcriptions of 18. centurydocuments in the Icelandic National Arhives related to weather observations). VeourstofaIslands, VI-G98027-UR22, 88pp.

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The Advice research project

- File locations and syntax descriptions -

1. Excel (5.0/7.0), Word (6.0/95), andPRNfile locations:

26.06.98

• Raw data is stored on regular diskettes both in Excel and PRN files. The Excel files arestored on 5 diskettes named: Advice Data #1 to #5. Data PRN files (with a commadecimal point) are stored on 3 diskettes named: Advice CPRN #1 to #3. The 3 diskettescontaining PRN files (with a dot decimal point) are named: Advice DPRN #1 to #3.

• Processed data is stored in Excel files on 3 regular diskettes. The names of thesediskettes are Advice Proc#1 to #3.

• Notes and file descriptions are stored in Word files on a diskette named Advice notes.It contains 17 files of which 13 hold weather code descriptions, the name of the observerand weather station location in latitude and longitude for each of the 13 data series. Forinformation on the remaining 4 files, see end of 2nd chapter.

NOTE: See Table I, at the end of this document, for an index of file locations.

2. File names - Svntax descriptions:

• Excel mw-data series files:

~ The name format for 14 of these 17 files is: dxxyyyyfxls. The first letter d indicatesthat the files contain raw data.

xx: The name initials of the observer in the order: first name initial, surname initial.An exception from the rule are the two files: dlx1763.xls and d2x1776fxls. Thereason is that the observers and exact locations of these 2 stations are not known.

~: The year in which the observations started. Jf the observations continue into oneor more new calendar years, then the 8th letter isj, otherwise no letter follows the year.

The excel-file 3 letter ending (xls) is off course preceded by a dot.

NOTE: Jf the files are to large to store on a single diskette, they are compressed into aZIP archive. Every diskette that contains such an archive has a text file named: readme.txt containing help on extracting the files contained. Jf ZIP-extracting software innot available, we have included such a device on a separate diskette. It is calledWinZip and is solely for the W95 platform.

~ The 3 remaining raw data files are:

l. dmkdiary. xls : Magnus Ketilsson's weather diary.

2. drltable .xls: Weather tables compiled by Rasmus Lievog.

3. dsptable. xls: Weather tables compiled by Sveinn Pålsson.

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• Excel processed-data files:

26.06.98

The name format for these 12 files is: pxx±nnn.xls. The first letter p indicates that thefiles hold processed data.

xx: the name initials of the observer in the order: first name initial, surname initial.They indicate from which series data is being processed.

The 4th index position in the name holds either the + (plus) or the _ (underscore)symbol. The latter symbol C) indicates that the file only holds processed data from oneseries. The + symbol, on the other hand, indicates that the file hoIds processed data frommore than one data series.

nnn: An index starting with 00 l.

Example: The name of the files: psp+OOl.xls and psp+002 indicate that both the fileshold processed data from more than one weather data series, of which ane is the SveinnPalsson series.

.• PRN files containing raw data:

The name format for these files is: dxx_comd.prn, or dxx_dotd.prn. The first letter dindicates that the files hold processed data. The first name format is used for pm-fileswith a comma (,) decimal point format and the latter for a dot (.) decimal point format.A decision was made to include a double set of the PRN files with both these formatsbecause not all software packages perrnit a comma decimal in numbers.

xx: The name initials of the observer in the order: first name initial, surname initial. Anexception from the rule are the two files: dlx_comd.prn (or dlx_dotd.prn) andd2x_comd.prn (or d2x_dotd.prn). The reason is, as mentioned above, that the observersand exact locations of these 2 stations are not known.

• Word files containing descriptions and notes:

The name format for 13 of the 17 files on the diskette is: xxnotes.doc. The l st and 2nd

letters are the name initials of the observer in the order: first name initial, surnameinitial. They indicate that the descriptions are of data in the observers series.

A file named excCnot.doc holds descriptions on all Excel files. It includes: File names,size (in kb.), file dates, location on diskette, file descriptions and source of data.

The files: dprn_not.doc and cprn_not.doc hold descriptions on PRN files with a dotdecimal point and a comma decimal point format, respectively. The descriptionsinclude: File names, size (in kb.), file dates, location on diskette, file descriptions andsource of data.

J'he diskette also contains this word file, named:jile_not.doc.

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Table I - Locations of all data files (Excel and Pm) and Word files

26.06.98

Diskette: File namesAdvice Data #1 dlx1763.xls

d2x1776f.xlsdhs1779f.xlsdnh1749f.xls

drl1779f.ZIP => drl1779f.xlsdrltable.xls

Advice Data #2 dsp1798f.ZIP => dsp1798f.xlsdsptable.xlsdvi1995f.xls

dvs1807f.ZIP => dvs1807f.xls

Advice Data #3 dmk1780f.xlsdmkdiary.xls

Advice Data #4 dgj1831.xlsdpm1831.xls

dat1845f.ZIP => dat1845f.xls

Advice Data #5 dbh1854f.xls

djt1820f.ZIP => djt1820f.xls

Advice Proc #1 psp+OO1.xlspsp+OO2.xlspsp+OO3.xlspsp+OO4.xlspsp+OO5.xlspsp+OO6.xlspsp+OO7.xls

Advice Proc #2 psp+OO8.xlsAdvice Proc #3 prl+OO1.xls

prl+OO2.xlsprl+OO3.xlsprl 004.xls

Advice CPRN #1 dlx_comd.prnd2x_comd.prndhs_comd.prndmk_comd.prndnh_comd.prn

drl cprn.ZIP => drl_comd.prn

dsp cprn.ZIP => dsp_l_cd.prndsp_2_cd.prn

Advice CPRN #2 dpm_comd.prndvs_comd.prn

djt cprn.ZIP => djt_comd.prn

dgj cprn.ZIP => dgj_l_cd.prndgj 2 cd.prn

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The Advice research project 26.06.98

Diskette: File namesAdvice CPRN #3 dbh_comd.prn

dat cprn.ZIP ==> dat_l_cd.prn

dat_2_cd.prndat_3_cd.prn

, dat_4_cd.prndat 5 cd.prn

Advice DPRN #1 dlx_dotd.prnd2x_dotd.prndhs_dotd.prndmk_dotd.prndnh_dotd.prn

drl dprn.ZIP ==> drl_dotd.prn

dsp dprn. ZIP ==> dsp_l_dd.prn

dsp 2 dd.prnAdvice DPRN #2 dpm_dotd.prn

dvs_dotd.prn

djt dprn. ZIP ==> djt_dotd.prn

dgj_dprn. ZIP ==> dgj_l_dd.prn

dgj 2 dd.prnAdvice DPRN #3 dbh_dotd.prn

dat_dprn. ZIP ==> dat_l_dd.prn

dat_2_dd.prndat_3_dd.prndat_4_dd.prndat 5 dd.prn

Advice notes atnotes.docbhnotes.docgjnotes.dochsnotes.docj tnotes. docmknotes.docnhnotes.docpmnotes.docrlnotes.docspnotes.docvsnotes.docxlnotes.docx2notes.doc ,

cprn_not.docdprn_not.docexcl- not.docfile_not.doc

Gfsli KristjanssonThe Icelandic Meteorological Office,Bustaoavegur 9,IS-150 ReykjavIk,Icelande-mail: [email protected]

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A~.;ice Excel (5.0/ 7.0) files descriptions.

FILENAME: SIZE (kb): FILE DATE: DISKETTE: FILE DESCRIPTION: DATA SOURCE:dat1845f.xls 3874 19.06.98 DATA #4 A. O. Thorlacius weather observations Manuscripts in the archives of

at Stykkisholmur (1845 - 1860) . This Veourstofa Islands, Gamalt 178.file is contained in a ZIP archiven~ed dat1845f.zip

dbh1854f.xls 782 19.06.98 DATA #5 Bjorn Hal1dorssons's weather National Library, LBS 326, fol.observations at Laufas (1854 - 1882).

dgj1831.xls 67 19.06.98 DATA #4 Grimur Jonsson's weather observations National Library: Oskrao veourgogn,at Moourvellir (1831) . kassi Il.

dhs1779f.xls 77 23.06.98 DATA #1 Helgi Sivertsen's weather National Library, lB 234, a-b, 4to.observations at Skalholt (1779 -1780) .

djtl820f.xls 1975 19.06.98 DATA #5 Jon Thorsteinsson's and Jonas National Library, LBS OskraoJonasson's weather observations at veourgogn, kassi I and kassi VI.Reykjavik and Nes (1820 - 1859) . Thisfi1e is contained in a ZIP archivenamed djt1820f.zip

dmk1780f.xls 337 23.06.98 DATA #3 Magnus Ketilsson's weather National Library LBS 573, 4toobservations at Buoardalur Period:(1780 - 1797).

dmkdiary.xls 352 16.06.98 DATA #3 Magnus Ketilsson's weather diary from National Library LBS 573, 4tothe years 1786-91 with additional twomonths: July 1796 and April 1797.

dnh1749f.xls 68 19.06.98 DATA #1 Niels Horrebow's weather observations Horrebow, N. (1752) : Tilforladeligeat Bessastaoir (1749 - 1751). Efterretninger om Island, København

dpm1831.xls 277 19.06.98 DATA #4 Pall Melsteo's weather observations National Library: 6skrao veourgogn,at Ketilsstaair (1831) . kassi Il.

drl1779f.xls 2089 19.06.98 DATA #1 Rasmus Lievog's weather observations National Library, lB 234a-b, 4to andat Bessastaoir and Lambhus (1779-85, LBS. Oskrao veourgogn, kassi Il.1789) . This file is contained in aZIP archive narned dr11779f.zip

drltable.xls 62 19.06.98 DATA ill Original weather tables compiled by National Library, lB 234a-b, 4to andRasmus Lievog himself. LES. Oskrao veourgogn, kassi II.

Summaries from 1785-87 in Kongeligbibliotek, NKS 2749 quarto

dsp1798f.xls 2193 24.06.98 DATA #2 Sveinn Palsson's weather observations National Library IB.5 fol, (1798-at Kotmuli, Vik, Reykjavik and var. 1811) , lB. 22, 4to (1812) , LBS. 306.locations (1798 - 1812). This file iscontained in a ZIP archive nameddsp1798f.zip

- 7 .

FILENAME: SIZE (kb): FILE DATE: DISKETTE: FILE DESCRIPTION: DATA SOURCE:dsptable.xls 46 19.06.98 DATA #2 Original weather tables compiled by 1792-1995: Palsson, S. , (1983)

Sveinn Palsson himself. Feroab6k Sveins Palssonar (2ndPeriod: 1792-1794, 1798-1801. edition) , vol. I - rI, (The Travel

Journal of Sveinn Palsson) . Orn andOrlygur, Reykjavik 1798-1802: NationalLibrary lB.5 fal, (1798-1811) , lB. 22,4to (1812) , LBS~ 306.

dvs1807f.xls 1876 23.06.98 DATA #2 von Scheel's weather observations at National Library LBS. OskraoAkureyri (1807 - 1814). This file is veourgogn, kassi Vand kassi VI.contained in a ZIP archive nameddvs1807f.zip

dlx1763.xls 40 19.06.98 DATA #1 Weather observations from an unknown National Library, IB 5 fal.station (1763) .

d2x1776f.xls 115 19.06.98 DATA #5 Weather observations from an unknown National Library, Oskrao veourgogn,station (1776 - 1777, 1779) . kassi IL

dvi1995f. xls 431 18.06.98 DATA #2 Average pressure diff. in Akureyri Files of Icelandic Met. Office(modern) - Reykjavik (modern) groupedby wind dir. and month. Period:1995 - 1997.

prl+OO1.xls 26 18.06.98 PROC #3 A comparisan of pressure in Lievog Processed data[corr. ] and Ketilsson [uncorr. ]series.

prl+002.xls 581 18.06.98 PROC #3 A comparisan of pressure in Lievog Processed data[corr. ] and Ketilsson [uncorr. ]series.

prl+003.xls 642 19.06.98 PROC #3 A pressure comparisan of 4 overlaping Processed dataseries: Lievog, Finnsson, Ketilssonand an unknown station. Period:1.1.1779 - 31.12.1780.

prl_004.xls 93 24.06.98 PROC #3 Lievog series (corr) and grid Processed data, CRU-gridcomparisan. Comparisan of monthtypressure means in Lievog andReykjavik (mod) series. Statistieson data (pressure hPa) in Lievog 1779- 1789 (corrected) series.

psp+001.xls 258 23.06.98 PROC #1 Pressure statistics and comparisan in Processed dataSveinn Palsson (corr.) , von Scheel(corr. ) and Reykjavik modern series.

- S -

FILENAME: SIZE (kb): FILE DATE: DISKETTE: FILE DESCRIPTION: DATA SOURCE:psp+002.xls 387 23.06.98 PROC #1 Pressure comp.: S. PcHsson/ Southw. Processed data

Icel. pressure ser. andv.Scheel/Akureyri ser. Distrib. of 12year mov. means (pressure) in southw.Icel. pressure ser. (1823-1996) .Distr. of monthly means in Akureyri(1874-1996) . ,

psp+003.xls 63 19.06.98 PROC #1 A pressure comparison of S. PiHsson Processed data(corr. ) ser. , v. Scheel (corr. ) ser.

And grid.psp+004.xls 47 23.06.98 PROC #1 Day - to - day pressure difference Processed data

(January - April, 1808) in S. Palsson(corr. ) and v.Scheel (corr. ) series.

psp+OO5.xls 71 19.06.98 PROC #1 Average pressure difference (v. Sch - Processed dataSvP) grouped by wind directionobservations at Kotmuli and by month.Uncorrected data.

psp+006.xls 91 19.06.98 PROC #1 Average pressure difference (v. Sch - Processed dataSvP) grouped by wind directionobservations at Kotmuli and by month.Corrected data.

psp+007.xls 288 02.07.98 PROC #1 Pressure diff. (Sv.P. [corr] - v.Sch. Processed data[corr] ) versus pressure from SV.P.series [corr] . 30 highest & 30lowest pressure values in v. Sch.series [2. corr. ] with corresp.values from Sv. palss. series [1.corr.] . Obs. period: 1.9.1807 -9.10.1809.

psp+008.xls 1276 23.06.98 PROC #2 Day-to-day pressure diff. in S. Processed dataPalsson, v. Scheel, Reykjavik(modern) and Akureyri modern) series.

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Au vice prn ( comma decimal point form u" ) files locations and descriptions.

FILENAME: SIZE (kb): FILE DATE: DISKETTE: FILE DESCRIPTION: DATA SOURCE:d1x_comd.prn 26 04.06.98 CPRN #1 A prn file with a comma decimal point National Library, lB 5 fal.

format. Weather observations from anunknown station (1763) .

d2x_comd,prn 97 04.06.98 CPRN #1 A prn file with a comma decimal point National Library, Oskrao veourgogn,format. Weather observations from an kassi Il.unknown station (1776 - 1777, 1779) .

dhs_comd.prn 71 23.06.98 CPRN #1 A prn file with a comma decimal point National Library, lB 234, a-b, 4to.format. Helgi Sivertsen's weatherobservations at Skalholt (1779 -1780) .

dmk_comd.prn 250 04.06.98 CPRN #1 A prn file with a comma decimal point National Library LBS 573, 4toformat. Magnus Ketilsson's weatherobservations at Buoardalur Period:(1780 - 1797).

dnh_comd.prn 56 04.06.98 CPRN #1 A prn file with a comma decimal point Harrebow, N. (1752): Tilforladeligeformat. Niels Horrebow's weather Efterretninger om Island, Københavnobservations at Bessastaoir (1749 -1751) .

drl_cprn.ZIP 113 21.06.98 CPRN #l A ZIP archive containing a prn file National Library, lB 234a-b, 4to and(drl_comd.prn) with a comma decimal LBS. Oskrao veourgogn, kassi Il.

Unzipped: point format. Rasmus Lievog's weather1447 observations at Bessastaoir and

Lambhus (1779-85, 1789) .dsp_cprn.ZIP 163 21.06.98 CPRN #1 A ZIP archive containing 2 prn files National Library IB.5 fol, (1798-

(dsp_1_cd.prn and dsp_2_cd.prn) with 1811) , fB. 22, 4to (1812) , LBS. 306.Unzipped: a comma decimal point format. Sveinn1978 total Palsson's weather observations at

Kotmuli, Vik, Reykjavik and var.locations (1798 - 1812).

dpm_comd.prn 188 04.06.98 CPRN #2 A prn file with a comma decimal point National Library: Oskrao veourgogn,format. Pall Melsteo's weather kassi Il.observations at Ketilsstaair (1831) .

dvs_comd.prn 777 04.06.98 CPRN #2 A prn file with a comma decimal point National Library LBS. Oskraoformat. von Scheel's weather veourgogn, kassi Vand kassi VI.observations at Akureyri (1807 -1814) .

djt_cprn.ZIP 144 21.06.98 CPRN #2 A ZIP archive containing a prn file National Library, LBS Oskrao(djt_comd.prn) with a comma decimal veourgogn, kassi I and kassi VI.

Unzipped: point format. Jon Thorsteinsson's and1477 Jonas Jonasson's weather observations

at Reykjavik and Nes (1820 - 1859).

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FILENAME: SIZE (kb): FILE DATE: DISKETTE: FILE DESCRIPTION: DATA SOURCE:dgj_cprn.ZIP 8 21.06.98 CPRN #2 A ZIP archive containing 2 prn files National Library: Oskrao veourgogn,

(dgj_l_cd.prn and dgj_2_cd.prn) with kassi Il.Unzipped: a comma decimal point format. Grimur65 total Jonsson's weather observations at

Moourvellir (1831) .dbh_comd;prn 673 04.06.98 CPRN #3 A prn file with a comma decimal point National Library, LBS 326, fol.

format. Bjorn Halldorssons's weather ..

observations at Laufas (1854 - 1882).dat_cprn.ZIP 510 21.06.98 CPRN #3 A ZIP archive containing 5 prn files Manuscripts in the archives of

(dat_l_cd.prn, dat_2_cd.prn, Veourstofa Islands, Gamalt 178.Unzipped: dat_3_cd.prn, dat_4_cd.prn and5501 total dat_5_cd.prn) with a comma decimal

point format. A. o. Thorlaciusweather observations at Stykkisholmur(1845 - 1860) .

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Au vice prn (dot decimal pointformat )jh..1S locations and descriptions.

FILENAME: SIZE (kb): FILE DATE: DISKETTE: FILE DESCRIPTION: DATA SOURCE:d1x_dotd.prn 26 04.06.98 DPRN #1 A prn file with a det decirnal peint National Library, lB 5 fol.

format. Weather observations from anunknown station (1763) .

d2x_dotd .. prn 97 04.06.98 DPRN #1 A prn file with a det decirnal peint National Library, Oskrao veourgogn,format. Weather observations from an kassi ILunknown station (1776 - 1777, 1779) .

,

dhs_dotd.prn 64 23.06.98 DPRN #1 A prn file with a det decirnal peint National Library, lB 234, a-b, 4to.format. Helgi Sivertsen's weatherobservations at Skalholt (1779 -1780) .

dmk_dotd.prn 281 04.06.98 DPRN #1 A prn file with a det decirnal peint National Library LBS 573, 4toformat. Magnus Ketilsson's weatherobservations at Buoardalur Period:(1780 - 1797).

dnh_dotd.prn 57 04.06.98 DPRN #1 A prn file with a det decirnal peint Horrebow, N. (1752) : Tilforladeligeformat. Niels Horrebow's weather Efterretninger om Island, Københavnobservations at Bessastaoir (1749 -1751) .

drl_dprn.ZIP 113 21.06.98 DPRN #1 A ZIP archive eontaining a prn file National Library, lB 234a-b, 4to and(drl_dotd.prn) with a det decirnal LBS. Oskrao veourgogn, kassi Il.

Unzipped: peint format. Rasmus Lievog's weather1448 observations at Bessastaoir and

Lambhus (1779-85, 1789) .dsp_dprn.ZIP 164 21.06.98 DPRN #1 A ZIP arehive eontaining 2 prn files National Library IB.5 fol, (1798-

(dsp_l_dd.prn and dsp_2_dd.prn) with 1811) , lB. 22, 4to (1812) , LBS. 306.Unzipped: a det decirnal peint format. Sveinn1993 total Palsson's weather observations at

Kotmuli, Vik, Reykjåvik and var.loeations (1798 - 1812).

dpm_dotd.prn 174 04.06.98 DPRN #2 A prn file with a det decirnal peint National Library: Oskrao veourg6gn,format. Pall Melsteo's weather kassi ILobservations at Ketilsstaair (1831) .

dvs_dotd.prn 'I 'I 'I 0-1.06.98 DPRN if2 A prn file with a det decirnal peint National Library LDS. Oskraoformat. von Seheel's weather veourg6gn, kassi Vand kassi VI.observations at Akureyri (1807 -1814) .

djt_dprn.ZIP 151 21.06.98 DPRN #2 A ZIP archive eontaining a prn file National Library, LBS Oskrao(djt_dotd.prn) with a det decirnal veourgogn, kassi I and kassi VI.

Unzipped: peint format. Jon Thorsteinsson's and1632 Jonas Jonasson's weather observations

at Reykjavik and Nes (1820 - 1859).

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FILENAME: SIZE (kb): FILE DATE: DISKETTE: FILE DESCRIPTION: DATA SOURCE:dgj_dprn.ZIP 8 21.06.98 DPRN #2 A ZIP archive containing 2 prn files National Library: Oskrao veourgogn,

(dgj_l_dd.prn and dgj_2_dd.prn) with kassi Il.Unzipped: a det decimal peint format. Grimur67 total Jonsson's weather observations at

M60urvellir (1831) .dbh_dotd;prn 711 04.06.98 DPRN #3 A prn file with a det decimal peint National Library, LBS 326, fal.

format. Bj6rn Halld6rssons's weather -observations at Laufas (1854 - 1882).

dat_dprn.ZIP 508 21.06.98 DPRN #3 A ZIP archive containing 5 prn files Manuscripts in the archives of(dat_l_dd.prn, dat_2_dd.prn, Veourstofa Islands, Gamalt 178.

Unzipped: dat_3_dd.prn, dat_4_dd.prn and5370 total dat_5_dd.prn) with a det decimal

peint format. A. O. Thorlaciusweather observations at Stykkish6lmur(1845 - 1860).

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Code descriptions:

• ppp:ppp(l,JC): Original pressure readings in hPa.

Note: The pressure is not adjusted for height above sea levelar gravity.

• ttt:ttt(UC): Original temperature readings in °C

• dd:1:2:3:4:

NNNENEENE

5:6:7:8:

EESESESSE

9: S10: SSW11: SW12: WSW

13: W14: WNW15: NW16 NNW

Station location:

Stat. nr.14

Name Part of countryBessastaoir Southwest

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Code descriptions:

• ppp:

ppp (UC): Original pressure readings in hPa.


• dd:

1:3:5:7:

NNEESE

9:11 :13:15:

SSWWNW

Station location:

Possibly Garoar or Vioey.

Name Part of country lat(N) 10n(W) Observation PeriodGaroar Southwest 64°06' 22°00' January l't 1763 - December 31'11763Vioey Southwest 64°10' 21°51 '

- 15 -

eode descriptions:

• ppp:

ppp (UC): Original pressure readings in hPa.

Note: The pressure is not adjusted for height above sea level or gravity.

• ttt:

Ut (UC): Original temperature readings in °C

• dd:

1:3:5:7:

NNEESE

9:11 :13:15:

SSWWNW

Station locations:

Unknown, probably Vioey or Reykjavik

Name Part of country lat(N) 10n(W) Observation PeriodReykjavik Southwest 64°08' 21°54' January l s1 1776 - December 31 st 1777, January 1s1 1779_.

December 31 sl 1779

Vioey Southwest 64°10' 21 °51'

- 16 -

Code descriptions:

• ppp:ppp (UC): Original pressure readings in hPa.


• tt/:

ttt (UC): Original temperature readings in °C

• dd:

1:3:5:7:

NNEESE

9:11 :13:15:

SSWWNW

Station location:

Stat. nr.933

NameSkalholt

Part of countrysouth

- 17 -

eode descriptions:

• pppo'ppp(UC): Original pressure readings in hPa.ppp(EC): Pressure data in hPa adjusted for "obvious" errors.ppp(G1): Adjusted pressure data in hPa (see below).


Original temperature readings in °C. Degr. Reamaur have been converted to °C.Temperature data in °C adjusted for dubious values (e.g. sun on thermometer)

• ttt:

ttt(UC):ttt(EC):

• dd:

5: NE9: E14: SE18: S

23: SW27: W32: NW36: N

99: Variable/calm50: No record

• ff: (subjective scale, approx. Reaufort /2. Transcribed as 1-6)

• No' (subjective scale transcribed as 1-8)

• Sun index:

O: The sun doesn't shine on thermometer1: The sun shines on thermometer

note: Relates to morning observations except evenings the first year 1779.

• rrr:Amount of precipitation in Danish inches per 36 Danish square inches (one Danish inch probablyequals 25.58 mm).

• wWo'

1: Thick / overcast 36: Drifting snow. 68: Sleet (snow and rain).skies. 45: Fog. 70: Light intermittent

2: Broken doud. 50: Drizzle. snow.3: Scattered doud or 58: Rain and drizzle. 71 : Light snow.

broken skies. 60: Light intermittent rain. 73: Snow.5: Haze. 61 : Light rain. 87: Hail (pellets).8: Moonlight. 63: Rain.9: Aurora. 65: Heavy rain.

.:. .:. .:.Station locations:

Stat. nr. Name Part of country lat(N) lon(W) Observation Period14 Bessastaoir Southwest 64°06' 22°00' August 10th 1779 - December 24th 177914 Lambhus Southwest 64°06' 22°00' December 24th 1779 - June 30th 1785 and

January l st 1789 - December 31 st 1789.

- 18-

The Lievog series pressure adjustments.

ppp{UC)

Raw pressure data. The original French inches (27,07 mm.) have been converted to hPa. Dubious values

as original.

ppp{EC)

Here "obvlous" errors have been adjusted in pressure.

ppp{C1)

1. The pressure means for the Lievog series (period 1779-1785, 1789) was calculated and grouped by

months The same was done with the Southwest Iceland pressure series (Period: Jan. 1874 - Dec.

1976).

2. A 10th degree polynomial fit was calculated for each of the two 12 value series. The difference of the

January value of the polynomial in #2 and the corresponding value in #1 was then calculated. A

likewise calculation was made for every calendar month. The difference between these two fitted

series was calculated. This resulted in a singular 12 value series with one adjustment value for each

month. These values were then added to the ppp (EC) to adjust the pressure in the Lievog series.

- 19·

eode descriptions:

• ppp:

ppp(UC): Original pressure readings in hPa.

Note:, The pressure is not adjusted for height above sea levelar gravity.

Station location:

NameBuoardalur

Part of countryWest

- 20 -

ttt(UC):ttt(EC):

eode descriptions:

• ppp:

ppp(UC): Original pressure readings in hPa.ppp(E;C): Pressure data in hPa adjusted for "obvious" errors.ppp(C1): Pressure data in hPa adjusted for a seasonally dependent correction (See notes below).ppp(C2): A 3 hPa index adjustment was added to ppp (C1) (See notes below).

• Ut:

Original temperature readings in °CTemperature adjusted for "obvious" errors. Extremely high temperatures on c1ear winterdays when the sun presumably has shined on the thermometer, have been deleted.

• t - indicator (as observed in the originallists in the absenee ofa thermometer reading):

(+): Temperature above O °C (-): Temperature below O°C

• dd:5:9:

NEE

14:18:

SES

23:27:

SWW

32:36:

NWN

• ff (subjective scale):

o: Calm2: Light wind

4:6:

Strong windGale or strong gale

8: Hurricane

• dd(cloud): (An estimation of wind direction in clouds. Same codes as dd)

• ff(clo/ld): (An estimation of wind velocity in clouds.

O: 3:2: 4:

• dd-18:

Transcribed as 0-5)

5:

Wind direction 18-years earlier (Moon age hypothesis of recurrent weather).

• ww:

2: Dry 56: Freezing drizzle 71: Light snow15: Mountain 58: Rain and drizzle 80: Rain showers

showers 60: Rain 85: Snow showers36: Drifting snow 68: Sleet (snow and 87: Hail (pellets)45 Fog rain) 95: Thunder49: Rime 70: Light intermittent50: Drizzle snqw

.:. .:. .:.Station locations:

Stat. Nr. Name Part of Country Lat(N) Lon(W) Observation Period846 Kotmuli South 63°44' 20°06' lanuary 26th 1798 - lune 24th 1809 with numerous gaps798 Vfk South 63°25' 19°01' lune 24th 1809 - December 31 st 1812 with numerous gaps001 Reykjavfk Southwest 64°08' 21°54' December 1803 - luly 16th 1804999 Var locations August 1801- October 1812. Sv. P. on travel.

Note: Some observations made in Reykjavik occasionally throughout the years until 1810, as Palssonvisited the town.

- 21 -

The Sveinn Pa!sson series pressure adjustments.

ppp(UC)

Raw pressure data. The original French inches (27,07 mm.) have been converted to hPa. Dubious values

as original.

ppp(EC)

Here "obvious" errors have been adjusted in pressure.

ppp(C1)

Here the 1st pressure adjustment has been implemented. It was obtained after making two statistical

observations.

1. The pressure difference between the von Scheel and the Sveinn Palsson series in their mutual

observation period was calculated by using the last common observation time each day (usually the

even ing observation). These resulting values were grouped by months.

2. The mean of monthly means each year was calculated (by months) for pressure in the Akureyri series

and corresponding values in the south-west series during the period of Jan. 1874- Des. 1996.

These two operations result in two 12 value series (one mean for each month). A 10th degree polynomial fit

was calculated for each of the two series. The difference of the January value of the polynomial in #2 and

the corresponding value in #1 was then calculated. A similar calculation was made for other calendar

months. This resulted in a singular 12 value series with one adjustment value for each month. These

values were then used to adjust the pressure in the Sveinn Palsson series. This procedure is supported by

an investigation of the pressure difference at different wind directions (see excel files: psp+005.xls and

psp+006.xls) .

ppp(C2)

This is the result of 2nd pressure adjustment. Three hPa were added to the pressure values from the 1st

adjustment [ppp(C1 )]. This adjustment sets the average of the whole series approximately equal to the

annual average during the period 1961 - 1990.

- 22 -

Code d~scriptions:

• ppp:

ppp(UC):ppp(C1 ):

ppp(C2):

• tlt:

ttt(UC):

Original pressure readings in hPa.Pressure data in hPa adjusted for estimated instrument temperature, height above sealevel and gravity. (See notes below.)C1 Pressure data in hPa including 5 hPa index adjustment. (See notes below.)

Original temperature readings. Degr. Reamaur have been converted to degr. Celsius.

• dd:O:2:5:9:

CalmNNENEE

14:16:18:23:

SESSESSW

25:27:32:36:

WSWWNWN

• ff (subjective scaIe):

o: Calm 1: Breeze (light tostreng)

9: Gale or Storm

• ww:

45: Fag46: Heavy fag61 : Light rain63: Rain

Station location:

71 : Light snow73: Snow87: Hail (pellets)

.:. .:.

Stat. nr.422

NameAkureyri

Part of countryNorth

- 23 -

The von Scheel series pressure adjustments.

ppp(UC)

,Raw pressure data. The original French inches (27.07 mm.) have been converted to hPa.

ppp(C1)

1. The instrument temperature is not available but has been estimated. The instrument was located in an

unheated room. The relationship between the ambient temperature at the barometer (tttb) and outside

temperature (ttto) is here based on comparative measurements at Nes near Reykjavfk made in 1822

1829.

lUt b = 0,813 * tU o + 2,309 I

It is assumed that in the case of very low outside temperatures (uto < -6,5 °C ), the inside

temperature will not fall below - 3 °C.

The Celsius freezing point is used as reference for the adjustment which is 0,16917 mb I °C .

Because mercury expands as temperature increases the adjustment is negative at temperatures

above freezing point (Celsius) and positive below zero.

2. An adjustment was made for height above sea level (+0,6 hPa) and gravity (+1,5 hPa).

ppp(C2)

5 hPa index adjustment has been added to the ppp(C1) series.

- 24 -

jf<6>]nt lrlhlOJr§lt<eIUnt§§O](ll Jl§ZO - ll§5~~

jfblnt<al§ jfbml<al§§Olnl Jl§51 = Jl§5>9l

Code descriptions:

• ppp:

ppp(UC): Original pressure readings in hPa.ppp(EC): Pressure data in hPa adjusted for "obvious" errors.


• ttt:Ub:Ut (UC):Ut sea:

Original instrument (barometer) temperature readings in °COriginal temperature readings in °COriginal sea surface temperature readings in °C

• rrr:Amount of precipitation in Danish square inches• (See notes later in document)

• dd:O: Calm1: N2: NNE3: NE4: ENE5: E

• ff (subjective scale):

o: Calm1: Light air2: Light to gentle breeze

• WW:

6: ESE7: SE8: SSE9: S10:SSW11:SW

3: Moderate to fresh breeze4: Strong breeze5: Near gale6: Gale

12:WSW13:W14:WNW15:NW16:NNW99:Variable

7: Strong gale8: Storm9: Hurricane

O: Clear1: Sunshine2: Mostly c1ear, partly c10udy3: Cloudy4: Overeast5: Haze6: Blurred skies10:Mist36: Drifting snow45:Fog50: Drizzle58: Rain and drizzle60: Slight rain

Station locations:

61:Rain63: Heavy rain68: Rain and snow, snow and sleet, sleet70: Slight snow71:Snow73: Heavy snow80: Rain showers81: Heavy rain showers83: Rain and snow showers85: Snow showers86: Heavy snow showers87:Hail (pellets)95:Thunder

Stat. nr. Name Part of country lat(N) 10n(W) Observation Period001 Reykjavik Southwest 64°08' 21 °54' August 1st 1820 - February 28 th 1854

001 Nes Southwest 64°10' 22°00' December 9 th 1857 - June 20Ul 1859

- 25 -

eode descriptions:

• ppp:

ppp(UC): Original pressure readings in hPa.


• ttt:

Ht (UC): Original temperature readings in °C

Station location:

Stat. nr.419

Name Part of countryMooruvellir North

- 26 -

Code descriptions:

• ppp:ppp(UC): Original pressure readings in hPa.


• ttt & ttb:Ut (UC):Ub (UC):

Original temperature readings in °COriginal instrument (barometer) temperature in °C

• dd:

O: Calm 14: SE5: NE 18: S9: E 23: SW

• ff (subjective scale - not deciphered):

o: Calm1:2:

Station location:

3:4:

27: W32: NW36: N

Stat. nr.572

NameKetilsstaair

Part of countryEast

- 27 -

eode descriptions:

• ppp:

ppp(UC): Original pressure readings in hPa.ppp(EC): Pressure data in hPa adjusted for "obvious" errors.PPP(TC): Pressure data in hPa adjusted for instrument temperature

Note: The pressure is not adjusted for height above sea level, gravity or instrument (index).

• ttt & ttb:

Ut (UC): Original temperature readings in °CUb (UC): Original instrument (barometer) temperature in °C

• Td and Tw (hygrometer readings):

Td(UC): Dry temperature. Tw(UC): Wet temperature.

• dd:

5: NE 14: SE 23: SW 32: NW9: E 18: S 27: W 36: N

• Calm Index:

9: Strong gale to storm12: Hurricane

SnowshowersHail (pellets)Thunder

85:

87:95:

Freezing rainLight intermittentsnowSnowRain showers

Strong breeze to galeGale

6:8:

9: Calm or light wind

• ff (subjective scaie):

1: Calm or light wind5: Light to fresh breeze

• Dry Index:

1: No precipitation

ww and WW (including additional information):

o: Earthquake 45: Fog 66:5: Haze 48: Rime fog 70:9: Aurora 58: Rain and drizzle15: Mountain 60: Light intermittent 71:

showers rain 80:

•

• N:O: Seattered / c1ear4: Seattered

6: Overeast / broken8: Overeast

9: Overeast and dark

• rrr:

Amount of precipitation in Danish inches per Danish square feet.

Station location:

Stat nr..178

NameStykkish61mur

Part of countryWest

- 28 -

Code descriptions:

• ppp:

ppp (UC): Original pressure readings in hPa.ppp (EC): Pressure data in hPa adjusted for "obvious" errors.


Station location:

Stat. nr.434

NameLaufas

Part of countryNorth

- 29 -

SvP - Mon-means - YEAR - 2. adj

Sveinn Pcilsson: Pressure data statisties in months with at least 23 days of observations.

Istat IKotmuli (# 846) l Idate I(All) Monthly means after final adjustments )

year Data (hPa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 all months

1798 Average: 997,2 990,9 1001,3 1004,9 997,6 994,0

StdDev: 14,1 7,1 5,5 10,8 6,0 9,2

Max: 1014,5 1004,9 1021,8 1025,0 1009,4 1018,0

Min: 959,7 974,9 982,7 972,3 983,9 975,9

1799 Average: 990,2 1001,0 996,6 1005,7 1013,9 1013,5 1008,2 1006,7 1003,6 1001,3 992,7 1016,7 1004,5

StdDev: 17,8 9,6 15,4 11,3 11,4 9,1 6,0 4,7 6,6 12,6 15,5 11,3 13,6

Max: 1016,3 1021,6 1030,1 1025,4 1028,7 1036,4 1020,0 1015,4 1014,4 1020,0 1017,3 1032,5 1036,4

Min: 961,5 971,7 967,8 971,2 990,5 996,4 998,9 997,3 985,5 977,9 953,2 989,5 953,2

1800 Average: 993,6 1001,3 1000,4 994,9 1015,3 1012,9 998,0 1001,3 1002,2

StdDev: 16,9 11,4 9,6 11,9 13,4 9,5 12,4 9,8 12,4

Max: 1031,3 1021,6 1022,9 1017,9 1034,7 1029,5 1015,0 1028,4 1024,4

Min: 953,1 981,6 973,9 971,8 983,6 991,9 956,3 978,8 974,5

1801 Average: 995,0 1001,8 1012,2 1015,4 1004,8 1003,2 1011,8

StdDev: 18,0 14,0 11,0 8,5 10,7 10,8 10,9

Max: 1032,2 1031,0 1033,8 1031,7 1019,5 1020,3 1029,5

Min: 956,1 977,8 987,8 990,5 981,3 982,1 983,5

1802 Average: 993,8 996,2 996,2 998,1 1022,0 1006,3 1010,6 1004,8 999,0 994,1

StdDev: 22,8 14,1 13,0 14,7 8,3 6,1 5,2 7,8 11,6 11,8

Max: 1030,7 1021,6 1030,1 1028,4 1036,2 1017,5 1020,0 ,1019,9 1018,8 1019,6

Min: 952,5 956,0 975,4 968,8 1003,7 996,4 992,9 989,8 966,7 970,9

1803 Average: 1003,1 991,4 1000,4 994,8 1001,8 1014,5 1004,4 998,7

StdDev: 13,8 20,5 17,4 11,3 17,2 10,4 8,1 11,4

Max: 1030,1 1029,7 1034,9 1020,9 1028,7 1031,0 1017,0 1017,5

Min: 979,6 930,4 959,7 969,7 964,6 988,9 986,9 967,2

1804 Average: 997,3 1007,4 1002,8 1006,1 1004,0 996,7 996,7 981,2 995,8 997,7

StdDev: 13,3 13,2 11,1 8,2 9,0 7,3 10,0 7,7 11,8 14,8

Max: , 1021,1 1021,6 1022,0 1019,4 1020,5 1010,2 1014,4 996,8 1015,2 1016,6

Min: 972,1 965,0 976,9 980,3 979,9 983,2 975,9 967,6 972,2 940,2

1805 Average: 977,3 1000,3 1006,4 1008,2 1001,3 997,6

StdDev: 16,1 12,6 10,4 8,4 6,7 11,1

Max: 1011,2 1014,9 1020,6 1020,0 1012,3 1018,0 il'Min: 937,5 972,7 983,6 991,4 979,3 956,3 ;

1806 Average: 993,8 991,8 1012,2 1017,2 1016,0 1011,3 987,8

StdDev: 17,3 16,1 8,9 7,9 8,7 10,4 14,0!

Max: 1020,2 1019,2 1038,5 1035,0 1029,6 1030,4 1011,3 , ';

Min: 956,1 943,4 999,4 998,9 995,6 982,9 954,1

, 1807 Average: 994,3 1015,7 1009,0 1003,0 1000,0 1006,3 1002,6

StdDev: 20,4 15,4 9,1 8,6 9,1 14,9 13,9

Max: 1034,2 1045,1 1026,9 1017,0 1016,3 1030,8 1031,0

Min: 962,0 975,4 988,7 986,0 984,4 978,2 ' 971,5

1808 Average: 993,4 1011,8 1014,5 1006,8 1007,7 1005,5 998,7

StdDev: 16,0 17,0 15,5 7,4 5,6 10,4 11,9 ':~"!~

IMax: 1026,2 1049,2 1035,9 1020,6 1019,3 1026,4 1023,9 1

Min: 963,0 974,1 979,7 991,1 996,4 980,4 971,3

1809 Average: . 1001,0 1011,9 1007,6

StdDev: 11,8 14,3" ;

6,4'l

Max: 1022,8 1031,9 1022,5 j'i

Min: 977,7 946,8 992,4

Total Average: 993,3 999,7 1002,7 1004,2 1011,0 1009,8 1005,5 1002,4 1000,9 996,5 996,9 1003,7 1003,0

Total StdDev: 17,9 16,5 14,8 13,9 12,5 10,1 8,3 8,6 10,8 13,2 15,0 14,8 14,2

fotal Max: 1032,2 1049,2 1045,1 1035,9 1036,2 1036,4 1020,0 1019,9 1026,4 1028,4 1030,8 1032,5 1049,2

Total Min: 937,5 930,4 946,8 968,8 964,6 972,3 983,9 967,2 956,3 966,7 953,2 940,2 930,4

- 30-

date (All)

hour (All)

Monthly ppp [C1] Averages

Statisties on data (pressure hPa) from Lievog 1779 - 1789 (adjusted) series.Statisties only calculated for months with at least 23 observation days

month

year Data 1 2 3 4 :5 li 7 8 9 19, 11 12 'Grand Total

1779 Average " 1009,5 1002,5 994,7 1009,0 1008,6

StdDev 8,8 10,3 11,2 13,8 6,8

Max 1023,2 1018,7 1016,7 1030,2 1020,1

Min 988,6 979,6 969,5 976,0 994,0

Count 66 89 93 89 90

1780 Average. 1008,3 1003,9 993,3 1011,6 1008,1 1011,4 1006,9 1012,3 1004,6 996,2 1006,6 1002,7 1005,4

StdDev 10,8 17,5 13,3 8,8 8,1 8,0 7,4 8,9 8,8 13,3 13,0 16,9 13,0

Max 1025,2 1031,4 1022,1 1026,5 1026,6 1028,5 1018,6 1044,0 1018,1 1029,6 1038,3 1026,8 1044,0

Min 986,4 952,6 961,1 985,6 994,4 997,0 987,6 993,8 984,1 959,9 972,1 957,0 952,6

CO,unt ~ 92 85 92 89 93 88 91 92 90 92 84 93 1081

1781 Average 1005,8 989,1 999,1 1002,9 1016,7 1012,5 1008,6 1014,5 1002,5 1007,7 1000,2 993,3 1004,5

StdDev 13,8 16,2 17,2 10,9 10,7 9,3 8,6 7,7 14,2 12,6 14,0 15,0 15,0

Max 1032,1 1017,8 1031,8 1024,4 1035,7 1025,5 1025,2 1024,7 1025,3 1034,5 1023,8 1014,1 1035,7

Min 976,4 958,6 958,1 981,4 990,4 988,5 992,1 983,8 953,2 968,9 968,5 957,6 953,2

Count 93 83 92 90 92 89 92 93 89 93 90 93 1089

1782 Average 985,5 997,5 1008,0 1018,5 1018,5 1012,8 1013,5 1009,1 1013,8 1005,9 999,6 993,4 1006,3

StdDev 12,2 18,7 18,0 11,2 6,2 6,4 4,6 '6,3 13,1 12,7 15,7 15,8 16,0

Max 1014,0 1023,2 1034,2 1038,0 1032,7 1024,0 1023,1 1022,0 1036,2 1033,0 1027,7 1031,6 1038,0

. Min 956,3 951,1 976,1 991,4 1005,6 996,1 996,7 995,3 985,6 972,8 955,6 962,4 951,1

Count 93 84 93 90 89 90 87 92 89 93 89 93 1082

1783 Avera!'le 991,3 998,1 1003,2 1006,8 1013,7 1010,7 1007,6 1012,9 997,4 1003,3 1008,9 998,8 1004,4

,StdDev 15,3 17,1 15,1 16,3 15,3 6,9 9,4 8,8 12,9 12,6 12,5 13,2 14,8

Max 1023,0 1023,2 1030,3 1033,8 1033,6 1023,1 1026,7 1029,2 1024,4 1023,9 1029,3 1023,1 1033,8

Min 957,8 953,5 970,1 976,9 981,4 988,5 981,6 994,7 970,6 969,8 981,1 972,0 953,5

Count 93 84 92 88 93 90 92 92 89 93 89 93 1088

1784 Average 1000,1 1012,9 1016,1 1011,0 1003,1 1014,9 1003,4 1009,5 1002,4 1008,4 1007,4 1012,6 1008,5

StdDev. 19,3 12,8 9,1 9,7 9,6 12,0 8,5 12,8 12,0 10,2 12,4 8,5 12,7

Max 1032,1 1033,8 1032,7 1030,5 1020,6 1034,6 1020,1 1028,3 1020,2 1041,1 1032,3 1027,1 1041,1

Min 962,3 983,5 986,6 982,3 977,8 992,4 978,6 978,7 973,0 989,3 977,5 985,6 962,3

Count 92 87 93 90 93 90 93 93 90 93 90 93 1097

.785 Average 993,4 1007,4 1020,7 1005,3 1010,2 1013,6 ,StdDev 14,9 16,0 8,8 13,4 9,1 6,6

Max 1017,9 1038,3 1039,9 1030,8 1032,1 1027,0

'Min 954,8 980,5 999,6 977,8 991,3 998,5 --Count 93 84 93 90 92 90

1789 Average 1005,4 988,2 1009,7 1004,1 1015,1 1013,7 1013,7 1005,1 1001,6 1002,0 1013,4 988,2 1005,1

StdDev 14,4 16,8 11,4 10,1 6,8 8,1 6,5 11,6 16,0 10,7 15,3 11,8 14,8

Max 1033,0 1019,9 1027,9 1030,5 1029,6 1029,1 1023,1 1024,4 1024,7 1035,1 1036,2 1022,8 1036,2

Min 974,9 948,1 980,6 984,4 . 1002,6 994,6 996,7 979,3 964,6 980,9 982,6 963,6 948,1

,Cpunt 93 84 93 90 93 90 92 90 90 93 90 93 1091

Total Average~ 998,5 999,7 1007,2 1008,6 1012,2 1012,8 1008,9 1010,5 1003,5 1002,6 1006,4 999,6 1005,8

Total StdDev 16,6 18,5 16,2 12,7 11,0 8,4 8,5 9,9 13,4 12,9 14,6 15,4 14,4

Total Måx .< 1033,0 1038,3 1039,9 1038,0 1035,7 1034,6 1026,7 1044,0 1036,2 1041,1 1038,3 1031,6 1044,0

Total Mlr, 954,8 948,1 958,1 976,9 977,8 988,5 978,6 978,7 953,2 959,9 955,6 957,0 948,1

Total Count ,J 649 591 648 627 645 627 547 618 626 650 621 648 7497

- 31 -

stat 422date (All)t.o.d (All)

YEAR - ppp(C3) [v.Sch]

Statistics on data (pressure hPa) from v.Scheel series

MonthYear Data (hPa) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 all months

1807 Average: 1009,5 1005,3 1009,6 1000,0

StdDev: 11,5 11,2 13,6 12,5

Max: 1027,0 1026,0 1029,0 1027,0

Min: 988,0 974,0 980,0 973,0

1808 Average: 994,0 1009,6 1016,8 1013,4 1010,1 1011,2 1011,2 1009,7 1008,3 998,6 1006,6 1015,6 1008,7

StdDev: 14,0 17,0 14,5 15,6 8,4 7,2 9,1 7,5 10,5 12,2 11,8 12,6 13,6

Max: 1026,0 1050,0 1037,0 1037,0 1022,0 1025,0 1026,01 1021,0 1036,0 1025,0 1025,0 1036,0 1050,0

Min: 970,0 968,0 989,0 979,0 985,0 994,0 984,0 987,0 981,0 969,0 978,0 985,0 968,0

1809 Average: 1013,1 1006,1 1009,7 1015,6 1013,2 1007,6 1010,5 1008,0 1004,4 1005,5 1009,6 994,1 1008,1

StdDev: 16,3 13,1 15,5 7,7 8,5 8,1 5,9 6,7 8,9 10,9 14,4 12,2 12,4

Max: 1041,0 1032,0 1038,0 1032,0 1027,0 1022,0 1021,0 1019,0 1022,0 1028,0 1036,0 1015,0 1041,0

Min: 967,0 985,0 964,0 989,0 996,0 991,0 992,0 993,0 990,0 982,0 974,0 965,0 964,0

1810 Average: 1005,1 1007,3 1014,0 1014,7 1023,7 1016,6 1013,8 1011,1 1007,9 1008,0 1017,7 1009,1 1012,4

StdDev: 14,7 16,0 14,8 10,5 7,7 6,8 7,2 10,8 7,8 10,4 9,4 13,1 12,3

Max: 1030,0 1034,0 1036,0 1036,0 1039,0 1030,0 1030,0 1035,0 1027,0 1025,0 1034,0 1033,0 1039,0

Min: 969,0 965,0 974,0 990,0 1005,0 996,0 996,0 977,0 987,0 987,0 1000,0 981,0 965,0

1811 Average: 1008,9 1002,8 1003,3 1021,5 1019,3 1013,1 1011,7 1008,3 1010,6 1003,5 1000,1 1012,3 1009,7

StdDev: 21,5 14,5 14,7 16,2 7,7 6,3 5,8 9,7 12,0 13,3 12,3 15,9 14,6

Max: 1044,0 1054,0 1034,0 1048,0 1036,0 1033,0 1023,0 1029,0 1027,0 1028,0 1022,0 1041,0 1054,0

Min: 969,0 975,0 981,0 983,0 999,0 1001,0 996,0 985,0 968,0 972,0 978,0 975,0 968,0

1812 Average: 1009,9 1000,4 1021,4 1024,4 1024,8 1015,9 1019,2 1017,8 1005,6 1005,3 1019,5 1019,4 1015,5

StdDev: 14,2 11,9 18,3 7,7 10,0 5,9 6,5 6,8 13,6 14,1 12,8 13,2 14,0

Max: 1039,0 1030,0 1043,0 1039,0 1043,0 1029,0 1037,0 1036,0 1031,0 1025,0 1037,0 1043,0 1043,0

Min: 980,0 978,0 972,0 1005,0 1003,01 1004,0 1005,01 1004,0 982,0 963,0 991,0 981,0 963,0

1813 Average: 998,0 993,5 996,0 1014,5 1017,2 1023,3 1010,7 1013,2 1013,4 1016,3 1003,4 1009,3 1009,1

StdDev: 19,5 11,1 14,5 14,5 9,3 6,6 9,2 8,3 12,1 11,5 10,9 17,0 15,3

Max: 1037,0 1024,0 1031,0 1047,0 1033,0 1033,0 1032,0 1027,0 1036,0 1036,0 1029,0 1038,0 1047,0

Min: 961,0 970,0 969,0 988,0 997,0 1008,0 987,0 995,0 994,0 990,0 983,0 982,0 961,0

1814 Average: 1019,8 996,0 1001,8 1003,4 1022,4 1012,3 1010,3

StdDev: 13,1 14,8 10,5 8,4 10,7 9,6 5,3'1'_

Max: 1037,0 1022,0 1024,0 1021,0 1034,0 1029,0 1026,0 r

Min: 986,0 973,0 978,0 978,0 993,0 995,0 1000,0

Total Average: 1007,0 1002,3 1009,0 1015,4 1018,7 1014,3 1012,5 1011,3 1008,6 1006,1 1009,5 1008,5 1010,3

Total StdDev: 18,3 15,2 17,0 13,5 10,3 8,6 7,7 9,1 11,3 13,0 13,9 16,0 13,9

Total Max: 1044,0 1054,0 1043,0 1048,0 1043,0 1033,0 1037,0 1036,0 1036,0 1036,0 1037,0 1043,0 1054,0

Total Min: 961,0 965,0 964,0 978,0 985,0 991,0 984,0 977,0 968,0 963,0 974,0 965,0 961,0

- 32 -

charts - 3

Distribution of monthly means (atm. press.) at Akureyri. Period: 1874 -1996

Solid line: normal distribution

c:::::J Series2

--Series1

mean: 1007,1st.dev.: 7,5skew: -0,5

median: 1008,0ro o C\J " <O ro o C\J <O ro o C\J " <O ro o C\J max: 1028,0'" o o o o o o o o o C\J C\J C\J C\J C\J '" '"'" ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~il il il il il il il il il il il il il il il il il min: 979,1....'" '" o '" '" .... '" '" .... '" C;; '" on .... '" ;;; n = 1476'" '" o o o o o o o § C\J C\J C\J C\J

'" ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ monthly meansPressure (hPa)

Distribution of monthly means (atm. press.) at Akureyri. Period: 1874 -1996


c:::::J Series2

--Series1

mean: 1010,2st.dev.: 3,7skew: 0,1

median: 1009,8max: 1020,8min: 1000,5

n =369monthly means

Summer - June, July& August

5

O<O o C\J " ro o C\J " <O ro o C\J " <O ro o C\J " <O ro o C\J " <O co o C\J.... ro ro ro ro '" '" '" Ol Ol o o o o o o o o o o C\J C\J C\J C\J C\J '" '"Ol Ol Ol '" Ol Ol Ol Ol Ol Ol

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~.Q il il il il il il il il il il il il il il il il il il il il il il il il il .9'" '" ;;; '" .... Ol a; '" on ........ .... ro ro ro Ol Ol Ol Ol o '" '" .... Ol '" '" .... Ol C;; '" on .... Ol ;;;Ol Ol Ol Ol Ol Ol Ol Ol '" Ol Ol o o o o o o o o o C\J C\J C\J C\J

Ol ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Pressure (hPa)

45.....--------------------------------------.-

40

~ 35s:::;; 30s:::m25E>- 20:c'E 15o::2: 10

Distribution of monthly means (atm. press.) at Akureyri. Period: 1874 - 1996


c::=:I Series2

--Series1

mean: 1003,6st.dev.: 8,1

median: 1003,5max: 1028,0niin: 979,1

n = 738"monthly means

Winter· Jan.,Febr., March.,

Oct., Nov. & Dec.

10

O<O <O o C\J C\J " <O co " ro.... ro Ol Ol o o o o o o'" Ol '" Ol ~ ~ ~ ~il il .9 .9 .9 il il .9 il .9'" '" Ol a;.... ro ro o '" '" .... '" ....Ol Ol Ol Ol o o o o o~ ~ ~ ~

Pressure (hPa)

90,---------------------------------------,-

80

70:sUl 60s:::m50E~ 40.s:::'E 30o::2: 20

- 33 -

Southwest series Chart 2

Distribution of yearly pressure means in southwestern Iceland. Period: 1823 - 1996

35 I i

30 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - •• - - - - •• - - - - •• - - - - - • - - •• - • - - - - - - -

25 4 - - - - - - - - • - - - - •• - - - - • - • - - - - • - - - • -

-s::'-"

IDSeries1 I

en 20s::caQ)

E>-"i: 15caQ)

>-

104- - - . - .. - . - - - - .. - - - - - - - - - - - . -

5 -.- - - - . - - - . - - - - - - . - - . - . - . - . - - .

I i . - - - - - - - . - . - - - - - - .

min: 1006,6max: 1010,1

mean: 1005,8st.dev: 2,1

n =174yearly means

o I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I996 to 997 to 998 to 999to 1000to 1001 to 1002to 1003to 1004to 1005to 1006to 1007to 1008to 1009to 1010to 1011 to 1012to 1013to

997 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014

Pressure (hPa)

- 34 -

Charts (1)

Day - to - day pressure difference at Reykjavik(Summer half-year)

Period: 1.9.1995 - 31.8.1997Months: April - September

18 -r-----------------------------------,1716

1514

1312

Pressure (hPa)

max: 23,5min: -22,7

st.dev: 7,25

!Ofreq. (Reykjav.) I

co C\J CD o .... co C\JC\J (') (') .... .... .... lO

.8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8CD o .... co C\J CD oC\J (') C") C") .... .... lO

~-- - - . - -

"'r o .... co C\J CD o .....8 .8 .8 C\J C\J

.8 .8 .8 .8 .8"? ~ C\J CD

co C\J;o ~ C\J

- - .-- - ......

- - .--

-;.,-n:nco .... o CD C\J "?~ ~ ~ .8.8 .8 .8 .8 .8 oo CD C\J co ....'? ~ ~

N co....,.. OtOC'JLQ ....,. '"1 ....,. C? C?.9 .E .9 .9 .9 .9

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C?

?j11;: 10o~ 95- 8·Ql

It 76

54

32

1O-H-++-i-++-i-++-+_+_+-+_+_~_+_~_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_+_H__i_'_+_'__+_+_+-+_+__i

Day - to - day pressure difference at Reykjavik

(Summer half-year)

-Period: 1.9.1995 - 31.8.1997

Months: April - September

-,..;..-

--

-ID freq. (Reykjav.) I

....:. - .

-

-,...-

- ,...- - - - - - - - - -

..:...

Pressure (hPa absolute values)

(') lO '" en ::= (')~ c:: en N (')

.8 .8 .8 .8 .8 C\J

o C\J .... CD co .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8o

~ ~CD co o C\J

C\J C\J

lO '" en c;:; (') lO '" enC\J C\J N (') C") (') (')

.8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8.... CD co o C\J .... CD coN C\J N (') C") C") (') (')

max: 23.5min: 0,2

st.dev.: 4,53

- 35 -

Charts (1)

Day • to • day pressure difference at Akureyri

(Summer half-year)

Period: 1.9.1995 - 31.8.1997

Months: April - September

ID freq. (Akureyri) I

Pressure (hPa)

C\J co '<:::t Cll{> "T '"r "'1.9 .9 .9 .9

~ ~ ~ ~

------nI........ , , ,

CD N co v o CD N oy "t o v

'" '" ~ ~ ~ ";".8 .8 .8 .8

.8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 o "? ~ Nco

~o CD N co v ";"

'" '" ~ ~

co~ ~

o v co N CD o v co N

.8 N N N O') O') v v v l{)

CD .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .9 .9 .8 .8;o ~

co N CD o v co N CD oN N O') O') O') v v l{)

max: 19,4min: -29,0

st.dev: 6,83

Day . to . day pressure difference at Akureyri

(Summer half-year)

Pressure (hPa absolute values)

max: 29,0min: 0,0

st.dev.: 4,33

ID freq. (Akureyri) I

O') I.() r-O') (ry O')

.8 .9 .8N v CD(ry (ry (ry

Period: 1.9.1995 - 31.8.1997Months: April - September

.......I.() r- O> c:;N N N

.8 .8 .8 .8v CD co oN N N O')

-- -- -f-

-....;..

f- ~---

t---r-r""'r- O> ;::: O')

~ c:: O> ;:; O')

.8 .9 N

CD co .8 .9 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8o ~ v ~

co o NN N

-r-

C') tn

.8 .9 .Eo N v

18 -r-------------------------------------,17

1615141312

~ 11 """";: 10o~ 9g. 8~ 7u..

654

321

O+-t--'!-!-+-+-+-+-+-+-!-!-+-+-+--+-+-t--'!-!-+-+-+--+-+-+-!-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-'--+--+-+-+-l

- 36 -

charts (2)

Day - to - day pressure difference at Kotmuli (Sveinn Palsson ser.)

(Winter half-year)

18,..----------------------------------,1716 1 Periqd: 7.2.1798 - 31.3.180915 -I Months: Jan.-March & Oct.-Dec.141312

f_.- - " - .. " " " - " . " - . - " "

~ 11>- 10oæ 96- 8~ 7u-

6543 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -,..:.. - - - - - - - - - - - - - " - " " - " "

~:::::::::::::~ ~::::::::,:::,:O+-+--+-I-+-'!"-i--R=~=!=~H=+_+~~++~_I_I_+++_!_4_1_I_+++~~L!=~~~~~'i_+_+_l

IOfreq, (Kolmuli) I

Pressure (hPa)

co ... o '" N co ... o '" N "i' ""t o ...""t ""t ""t '7 '7 Cl' Cl' C}J

.8 .8 .8 .8.8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 o 'f> C}J No '" N co

C?o '" N co ...

u;> ""t ""t '7 '7 C}J C}J

co ~ ~.8 .8 .8<O

~...~

o ... co N '" o ... co NN N N M M ... "" "" l()

.8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8max: 46,6;::! ·N to o ... co N to o

N N M M M ... ... l()

min: -42,1st.dev: 11,2

Day - to - day pressure difference at Reykjavik (modem)(Winter half-year)

r-------------~." _""" __ "__ . _. . __ "__ "_" .. _

IOfreq. (Reykjav.) I

I-

Or-" -

Period: 1.10.1995 - 31.3.1997Months: Jan.-March & Oct.-Dec.

18,.----------------------------------,17

16

151413

12~ 11~

>- 10oæ 96- 8GlIt 7

6

54

3

~ ~"""H::-+~+:+-:,:'"--i-:'--;'-:':+-n:~:rn-f..::+:.psn-:4"--+.~f--f..+~-f..+_\__.W__I_+__I_!__+~+. .I_J"4-"=l---1=-:~:=!=:,...,...,+::.p:-+:+::+-:l-l-!::N co ... o '" N co ... o to N "i' ""t o ... co

~ ~ o ... co N '" o ... co Nu;> ""t ""t ""t '7 '7 C}J C}J C}J .8 .8 .8 N N N M M "" ... "" l()

.8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 max: 38,3o 'f> C}J N <O... o <O N co ... o <O N co ... ~ :! ;::! N '" o ... co N <O ou;> u;> ""t ""t '7 '7 '7 C}J C}J N N M M M ... ... l() min: -52,2

Pressure (hPa) st.dev: 12,6

- 37 -

charts (2)

Day - to - day pressure difference at Akureyri (v.Scheel series)

(Winter half-year)

Peri?d: 1.10.1807 - 31.3.1814 I'::::::::::::::::::::::::::Months: Jan.-March & Oct.-Dec. _ .. _ _ .

ID freq. (v.Sch) I

.. r'-' . . - - . - . . - - - . - .. - - .

. . . . . . . . ..... - . . . . . 'r-'

. - - - - - . - - "-

18 -r------------------------------------,171615141312· .

~ 11>- 10o§ 9g. 8alIl: 7·

6543

~ -I-+-+-+-~: -+-+::~::~::~:.:A-~::-H-:'-H-:'++'-+++-!-+++-++++++-H-+-J~I-+-"+-+-'. +-F': ~~:: ~:: ~::-H:':-H:~co .... o CD N co '<t o CD N "i' "'t o ...."'t "'t "'t '( '( ~ ~ ~ .9 .9 .9 .9.9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 o "i' ~ No CD N co

C?o CD N co '<t

LQ "'t "'t '( '( ~ ~ -r;-

~ o '<t co N CD o ....N N N C") C") .... ....

.9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9~

co • N CD o '<t co N~ N N C") C") C") ....

max: 49,0min: -38,0

st.dev: 11,0Pressure (hPa)

Day - to - day pressure difference at Akureyri (modem)

(Winter half-year)

18 -r------------------------------------,17 r Period: 1.10.1995 - 31.3.19971615 Months: Jan.-March & Oct.-Dec.141312

!Ofreq. (Akureyri) I. - - . - - . - .. - . - - . - - - - - - - - - -~ r--: -.-: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

. -,..,.. - . - - - - ..

- I-

...~- - - - - - --~

N co .... o CD N co .... o CD N "i' "'tLQ "'t "'t "'t '( '( ~ ~ ~ .9 .9.9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 .8 .8 .8 o "i'.... o CD N coC?

o CD N co ....LQ 'Q "'t "'t '( '( ~ ~

o .... co~ ~ o .... co N CD o .... co N

.8 .8 .8 N N N C") C") '<t '<t '<t lI)

~ N CD .9 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .9 .8 .9~

.... e: N CD o '<t co N CD oN N C") C") C") .... .... lI)

max: 35,0min: -35,6

st.dev: 12.0

Pressure (hPa)

- 38 -

,... - - - - - . - - - - . - - . - .. - - - - - - . -

1-= - - - - - - - • - • • • • • - - • - - • - - • - -

charts (2)

Day - to - day pressure difference at Kotmuli (Sveinn Palsson ser.)

(Summer half-year)

18 r::==================::::-----==-------------i~~ [~:~~~~:1~~~i{_8s-e~·t~·~bO~ ::::: ~ :: : ::: :: : : ::: -: :_::: :: :: : : : :141312

~ 11>- 10o~ 9~ 8~ 7u.

6543

~ :::::::,:,::::::::_~ ~~::::::~:::::::O+---!-+-+-H_+_+-+~'--F=R==!=I_F+_I_+__l_I_-HH--H_I_I_F+_I_+__l_I__Pf__I==Ff=!_I-+-"'!__!'9_,.......,..9__+_+_+_+_l

IOfreq. (Kotmuli) I

C\J co ... C> <D C\J co .... C> <D C\J '7' "i C> ... co~ ~

C> .... co C\J <D C> .... co C\Ju;> "1" "1" "1" "? "? C}I C}I C}I .8 .8 .8 C\J C\J C\J C') C') .... .... ... LO

.8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8C\J <D .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 .8 max: 43,6C> 9 C}I

~ ~ ~ C\J <D C> .... co C\J CD C>... C> CD C\J co~

C> CD C\J co .... C\J C\J C') C') C') .... .... LO min:-51,1u;> u;> "1" "1" "? "? C}I C}I

Pressure (hPa) st.dev: 8,11

- 39 -

charts(2)

Day - to - day pressure difference (January - April, 1808)v. Scheel series: evening observations. S. Pålsson series: evening observations (see notes below).

.."

. ,, ,..

"

'. "",..., ." ., ,• If. I •,

~."

~ I r't

. ,\,

t.

/..

. '

-,- '; ..\ - ..,

i"i - ...~ ,:.:':-'

,I: f.~:' : :~-;~--'111- •.••

' ...,

10131ci:19;2i- . - - -ti· -. - ,-

.. I~. I

, '. " .,'

I' :,-l • \'

r.

:v-'-.I.' ,

:,:

-:!-"

,. .'"

.,'."' ."l.,.,,."

•.'':",

. ,-, -,

'J _, ,, ,, ,

·fP,

, ., "

'. f,

ri,:.,-, ~ ;t-.i~

, I I'

l~14 Jl?~1~,2." .' '\)1': :: ~- ..I ,. -'I... -

'. Il t ~l 'f '..)

- - .':. _:."""

40

35

30

25

20-roa. 15 J..c I.'-Gl 10(Jl:: '5Gl... t I I~'Gl O·-- .

'ii -5fHill'Gl "..... I,

:::l -10"Ul I 'Ul ..l!! -15'.;.a.

-20

-25

-30

-35

-40

NOTE: Jf no observalion was made in the evening on a particular day. lhen the midday observ. is used.But It no observ. was made at mldday lhen the morning observ. Is used. if available.

Day

---Sv. Pålss. (corrected) - - •..• von Scheel (corrected)

- 40 -

d - d ppp ditt. Chart 1

Day - to - day pressure (January - April, 1996)

(Evening observations)

40 i I

35 ~- - - - - - - - - - - - - . - . - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - R- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - • - - - - • - - • - • - - - - - -

30 -1- - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - • - •• - - - - - • - • - - - - - - - - - - • - •• - - - - -L'_ - . - - . - - - - . - - - . - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - -

25 ..- - - - - ..... - - - - - - - - - - - - -•,

- - - - - - - - - - II

---Reykjavik

- - - - • -Akureyri

...."

I- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -I,20

CtI 15 - - - - . - . . - - fr - - - - - - - ~ -~ - ~~ - - - - - . - - - - - -!\- - - - - - - - - . - - . . - - - - - -c. li .:, ::: 4 •.c: 1o -~ - - - - , - - - - -~ - - - - - -'-':. ':

Q) ,I 0lo ,I I.

e: 5 - - - - - - - - - -' - - - . - -al...~ o +-tH--IH-!+-I-t'IH-H':="'C

~ -5 - - - :..'::31/1 • •

:3 -10 - - - i - - - - . - - - - -, ., - - - - - - . - -10- : I.

a. ' I'~ t ::

-15 - - - - - - - - . - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - • -::- - - - - . - - . - - - - - - - . - - - - - - -t Y ~

-25 ..- - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

-20 - - - - ;. - - - - - - - - - - - o'" ,c •

l".,"- - - - - -", - - - - - - - - - - .. - - - - - - . - - .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'."

-30 -t- - - .. - . - - .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - -11- - - - - - ~ - - • - - - •. - - - - . - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - . - - - . - - - - -

-35 -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - • - - - • - - •

-40 ' i

Day

- 41 -

myndrit

Average pressure difference (V.Sch - SvP) grouped by wind direction observations atKotrnuli.

A Series1

-Series2

CaIrn: -7.8 hPa(n=132)

Period: Sept. 1807 Oct. 1809

N (n=70)NW (n=44)W (n=29)S (n=22) SW (n=36)

Wind direction (SvP)

SE (n=66)E (n=55)

--~--- - - .'p - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - .'. - - - - - -'. - - - - - - -' - - - - - --I , , I ,

•••••••' •• o •••• ' •••• :::+:::::: :::::::::::::::: :~...

, t , l , ,

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - -• , , , I I

: : : : : : ::: : : : : : ::: : : : : : : : : : : : :(The Year - 12 Months l:: :::::::

-2,0 ~~~~~~~--r----,-----r-----.,r-----,-----,

-3,0

(; -4,0

5 -5,0

~ -6,01ii -7,0...~ -8,0:ti oGl -9,5 -10,0 .. o o .. o, o . o o o . o,..... o .•In "~ -11,0 .. o •.. O," o ... O,'" o.·. ~ ...

c: -12,0

-13,0-14,0 -l..- ....:..- ----l

NE (n=88)

o Series1

-Series2


Period: Sept. 1807 Oct. 1809

N (n=33)NW (n=13)W (n=17)SW (n=18)S (n=11)

_ '. .t •• 1 ••• '•• .' _

SE (n=38)E (n=37)

• I I , ,

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - ------~, , , , ,

-5,0 ~~~~~~~___.,r----___r---__,_---__,_---__,_--~

-6,0

(; -7,0

~ -8,0

~ -9,01ii -10,0

~ -11,0:ti -12 oGl '

~ -13,0 Winter - The Months of:~ -14,0 Jc: -15,0 ,Oct., Nov., Dec., an., 0., ' 0 ' .. o ••••

-16,0 i....::::~=F=e=b=r=.o=g~M=a=rc::h=.=~_._....:.'_._._._._._._.ø..:...:.__.0 _'_'_'_'.:...,._._o_._._._O_":....._._._._._..-J.-17,0

NE (n=65)




~ Series1

-Series2


N (n=13)NW (n=17)W(n=9)

~__"'o~."'t',-::....•..' ..•....

•S (n=3) SW (n=11)


- . - - - - - - - - - - . - . - - - - - . - . - - - - - - - - -, , , ,

SE (n=15)E (n=8)

2,0~~~~~~~~~---~-----------~---.., .--------,., " . . . . . . . . .. Period: Sept. 1807 -

1,0 o. o o .. ~.. o •... " " .. Summer _The Months Oct. 1809(; 0,0 f 1--+-------1c.. o : May, Juile, July and:S -1,0~ -2,0 August.~ -3,0 , o ••••••~. •• o ••••••••• , ••••••• " ••••••• ' •••••••

~ -4,0 .. o ••• ',' o ••••• " •••

:ti -5,0 o. o . o ..'. o ..... '....•.Gl

5 -6,0In "~ -7,0 , o o . ''- o ..•.. ~ .

c: -8,0

-9,0-10,0 -l..- ....:..- -.:... ....:..- -.:... -.:... ---l

NE (n=11)

- 42 -

myndrit

Average pressure difference (V.Sch· SvP) grouped by month.

• Series1

-Series2

12111098

, I , •.... +.... , .... ,.....,....

6 7

Month

+

543

-. - - .,. - - - -. - - - - r - - - .,- - - - -.- - - _., - - - - r-

2

I • • , , , , , • •

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -, • t , , , , , , ,

o -r;::==::::::c===::::!:==~.-----,-----r-----,.--.,..----r----r----"--1 rD~:::i:C~.....-:1i;n::;.

-1 ltJIlNI(O~~. ~~r~ .".... ~ .... " . -. ',' " ~ " ',' . .. periO~:cT.er~o~807-"i1l -2 '- ..J..: ....•.. - -:- -: : : :- -: ·1"- ....Cl. -3 .... '..... ' .....' ... - , .... ' ' ' , ' ' .:SGl -4oc -5~~ -6'ti -7Gl...i;l -8UlGl -9o: ---

-10 ...., ....: - ... -: - ... ~ .... :. . ... :.....: - ... ~ ....•... ',' ...

-11-12 .1-__"---_--'__--'-__-'-__-'-__"---_--'__---'-__-'-__...:...-_--'

1

- 43 -

myndrit

A Series1

-Series2

N (n=70)NW (n=44)W (n=29)S (n=22) SW (n=36)


, . , , .- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -I , , I l

SE (n=66)E (n=55)

Average pressure difference (V.Sch - SvP) grouped by wind direction observations atKotmuli.

l7,0~===::::===::=~------~-------~-----, ...........-----~

6,0 :::::: ::::::::: ~:::::: ::::::: fTheYear-12Months):::::::: periO~eT.e:~o~807-~ 5,0 .~ 4,0 L.__---lJ.;"""",.- - . - - - r - - - - - - ., •• - - • - • T - - - - - - -, - - - - - - - T - - - - - • -

8 3,0.

~ 2,0

~ 1,0:o 0,0 -l-----i------+---"""""j------;-----;------j-~C---_j~ill -1,0~ -2,0 - - - - - - " - - - - - - - ; - - - - - - -, - - - -

a. ~::~ . __ ,' r , _ • , • • :~: : : : : : : : : : : : : :: (caI7~=~·~~)hPa]-5,0 -'- -:.... -...:.. -...:.. -...:.. -...:.. -...:.. --1

NE (n=88)


o Series1

-Series2

Calm: 0.72 hPa(n=50)

N (n=33)NW (n=13)W (n=17)SW (n=18)S (n=11)SE (n=38)E (n=37)

, , , • I •

- - - - - - -, - • - - - - - r - - - - - • " - • - ••• - ,- • - - •• - o· - - - - - - ,- - . - - - .

::::::::: ::::::~ : - ::::~: :::::::: :::::: :: :::::::; ::. : - :

7,0 ~!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!~!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!~----------------~-----, .--------,.

6,0 _ _ _ _ _ __ : - : - _ - - -: - - - - - - - - - - - Period: Sept. 1807 -Winter - The Months of: __ ' . _ _ Oet. 1809

~ 5,0 OND Ja. 4 o et., ov., ec., an.,:S '

3 o . Febr. og March.8 'g 2,0:ii::= 1,0:o 0+----_+_----1---~.--;----_i__---_+_---~"'----__1Gl O,:.; -1,0 - - ~ - - - -, - - - - - - - r- - - - - - -

Ing: -2,0..a. -3,0 - - - - - - .' .. - - - - - '- - - - . - - .' - - - -

-4,0

-5,0 -'-----...:..--------------<G)-------------'NE (n=65)

Wind direction (svP)


~ Series1

-Series2

Calm: 0.25 hPa(n=49)

N (n=13)NW (n=17)W(n=9)SW(n=11)S (n=3)SE (n=15)E (n=8)

I " ,- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - -, , , , + '- - • - - - _'_ - • - - • - 1- • _ • .1 • !.. .' '. __ •• _ • _

7,0 ~~~~~,~~~~~, ---~,----~, ----~,---~,-----, ""P-e-ri-o-d-:S-e-p-t-.-18-0-7-.""1.6,0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,. - - - - - - -, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,. - - - . - - - Det. 1809

~ 5,0 Summ,er - The Months -. - - - - .~ 4,0 - - - - - -: - - - - . - - : - - - - - - -: - . - - - - of: May, June, July and -. - - - ..

~ ~:~ :::::::::::::::~ : : . : .. " - - .. - - August. : : : : : : :..~ 1,0 . - - - - - ., - - - - - - - ,. - - - - - -

:OOO+-----1------;-------T--"'-:---i!r----_+_---~~--__IGl ':;-1,0 -- ,------ .• ---.---,-----In

~ -2,0a. -3,0

-4,0

-5,0 -'-------------------------------'NE (n=11)

Wind Direction (SvP)

myndrit

Average pressure difference (V.Sch - SvP) grouped by month.

I• Series1 I

-Series2

12111098765432

(OW(W([C(llCb b~l~ ll_~_~~_~ ~__---, r=--:----:--=-- :-=-l.

I Period: Sept. 1807 -Oct. 1809

I f , , , , • , , ,- - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -, , I , , , I I , •

•- - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - . - - - - - - - - - - -I • , , I , , , I ,

, , , • , I • , I I

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .

I , , • I • , , , I

- - - -,- - - - -,- - - - -,- - - -.- - - -: - - - - ,- - - - -,- - - - -,- - - - -, - - - -; - - --~ ' __ • __ ' ••• __ ' J _ • __ , _ • __• ' ' .' _ • __ J _ • __ • _

- - _.~::: :~:::: :::::: ~ - - - :~::: :::::: :~:::: ~:~, , . ' " '.'

- - - . - - - - - . - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. - . - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - -• , • , l • I , , •

-4

-5

.6 -!..---'-------'----'----"'------'------'----'----'------'----'------'

1

6

5

4caQ. 3:SCll 2(,)

~ 1....~ O'6 -1l!!;;l -2!Ill!! -3Q.

Month

- 45 -

myndrit(2)

Average pressure difference (422-001) grouped by wind directlon observations at Reykjavik.

CaIrn & var. windd.:0.99 hPa (n=10)

The Year12 Months

Period: Sept. 1995 -Oct. 1997

C::::::::::J Series1

• Series2

-Series3

7,0 ......~~-..,.....~~-~-~-.iModern DATA 1-.-~~-~--r-120

6,0 ·:·:·t·:·:··:-:· ",,-,,,,~,~~-~-.----' ',',-',',"',',. 110

5,0 . : .• .: .•'. . . . . 100'ålc. 4,0 . . - - - - . . . . . - - . - .. ..... - . . .. 90:E..~ 3~ 80u~ 2,0 ., - ,- r[ 70

~ 1,0 , , : : ::.,. ,- , , , , , ',' " " 60 g:c~ 0,0 , , " 50...ii: -1,O . . . . . . ~: . . .. .. - . . . . • - 40

~-2,O ·,~·I .1.,.,. 30C. .' .>,'::.' ,i

f'l ' 'j q ! ,.i. ,•.!-3,0 1,i.,-, .,.['1 -'i" 'i ,i'" " 20

-4,0 iL. ';1,;,-I:j .'~~: 'l.:l ;! :L:j . ~ 10-5,0 1:1 ::l i,1 LI I,l :1 ,i ,i ,i ,i 'I ,I :1" O

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Wind Direction (Reykjavik)

Average pressure difference (422-001) grouped by wind direction observations at Reykjavik.

130I Period: Sept. 1995 -120

110 Oct. 1997

100

90 C:::::::::::JSeries1

80 o Series2

70 -Series3

60 :s50 Winter- The40 Months of: Det.,30 Nov., Dec., Jan.,20 Febr. and March.10

O [ CaIrn & var. windd.:0.71 hPa (n=9)

-' - '-

P.'-

; ;

... .... o ~1 !'"1 f'1 r- !

(\<5 P:J<5 ~<5 ":;,<5 b<5~ ~ ~ ~ ~

J _,_ 1.. 0- '_ L

0..<5 <0<5 ,\<5 0.,<5 ~<5 f:><5 (55~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~


6,0 ,---.-~~~~-~~-..,.....--,--...,j Modern DATA .~~~-~....-,-

5,0 .:. :- 9 -:·9 ; -9. :.4,0 .:. '. , .'. '... - ..: '0 ~ O':'

~ 3,0 .,.,.O.,.,.,{)-ro',:E.. 2,0 ' , , , , o ' o , ,~ _0_:.g 1,0~ 0,0 +-+-t-II-t-+-+-+--t---I-+-+-+-I-t-+-+-+"O--t---I-+-+-+-I-t-+-+-+-'l-t0-+-+~-I-+~:c -1,0

~ -2,0:l::l -3,0

~ -4,0-5,0

-6,0-7,O .J.W.:.LJ."-";.....;.:.l.....w.-w-..u...w....J'"'-""--"-'-'-'....w...w....w...J"'--'-"---'"'J....l'-w...:....w....w....w....J-"-'-.e...-.....c.~-=-'-'-'........"--"-'-'--"-

~<5

Average pressure difference (422-001) grouped by wind direction observations at Reykjavik.

Period: Sept. 1995 -Oct. 1997 I

C=.=J Series1

~ Series2

-Series3

.Summer- The

Months of: May,June, Jury and

August.

[ CaIrn & var. windd.:J<no data>

i·,· ,.., -,. ,-, - ,.

......~~~~~~~~-..----..; Modern DATA I--.-~~~~120

110

100

90

80

70

60 :s+-t-II-t-+-+-t--+-+-+-I--I-+-"l'--P"'lo;;;:hl<-t-I~>-+-+-t-+-+-t-II-t-+~"'F-+-+-rt- 50

40

-: . :- ...-: - ~ • - :- 30-,' ,- ; ',' .- ',' " ~." " ., ',' .- 20

,1' "~ .:- f~l -: . :- f']':' ,:' -~ -:. ; -: -M.: .~. ; fill r,'i "., 'n- I"': ',' ,t 10.lWL;.Ll.:.:...L:.;....,!~L...:.:.i,'~Gl....i'.:l."..l.'·CLo1 ...L:!..Li ~'Li.:.:.;G'..,:I::J.'....L:.l.....L:L..!.:.L~' L.!.:.;'I.....L:.l""':'::J.'.....'L"..i.l'.Ll ..:.:1'L'J.:.ol~,i....L:J.,I..l.~L"...L:'.L:~i;LIl.:Jn~oI~..i.'.L'~r.oL':L O

7,0

6,0

5,0~

4,0c.:E..

3,0~uc: 2,0~...~ 1,0::::'6 0,0~...:l -1,0!Il!Il~ -2,0...c.

-3,0

-4,0

-5,0o

~I:) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~


- 46 -

myndrit(2)

Average pressure difference (422-001) grouped by month.

I • Series1 II-Series2

Period: Sept. 1995 -IOct. 1997

1211

, ,- - - - - - - - -

10

, .- - - - - - . - - -, .- ~- - - _: --

, .- - - - - - - - .

9

- - - '. - -

876

- - -.-

54

. , ,

. - - - - - - - - - -, , ,, , ,- - - - - - - - - - - - . -

32

6,0 '---~-----~--l[Modern DATA ].........,-~----...5,0

4,0!ilQ. 3,0:E-41 2,0 - ., - - . - • - - - -. - - - .,-

j ~:~ [==-:'.==-=-!.~-:-:-:-~':-:::~::t:::::~~~- ~;:-:::::::... ::1-':-:-=-=-:.[-~-=J~ -1,0

~ -2,0Ul41 -3,0li:

-4,0

-5,0

-6,0 -'-----'-----'-----'-----'-----'-----'-----'-----'-----'-----'------'

1

Month

Average pressure difference in monthly averages (422 - sw coast series) grouped by month.

I~ Series1 I

-Series2

Period: Jan. 1874Dec. 1976. 123 years

121110

, ,- - - - - - - - -, ,

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -, ,

9

, ,- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- ,

8

, . , ,- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .

76

- - ,- - -, ,- - - - - -, ,

5432

6-r---~--~--~--~--~--~--~-----------...,

5

4!ilQ. 3:E-

I ;r==:y,==:-,:-==-:":-:-:-:-~A':-:::::::~~~::::-=~-'i-=~-:J..~'-::-:_:_:A~':::1::::~:v~::::=:~-1:c .141..iil ·2Ul41 -3li:

-4

-5

-6 -'-----'-----'----'----'----'----'----'----'----'----'----'

1

Month

-47 -

\stat (All)Idate I(All)

Ketilsson - monthly means

Magnus Ketilsson (Buoardalur) - Pressure Data 8tatisticsStatisties only calculated for months with 23 or more observation days

month

year Data 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Grand Total

Average 983.7 978.0 982.5

StdDev , 10.4 11.9 17.7

1780 Max 997.0 1001.5 1007.5

Min 957.9 950.4 939.9

Count 23 28 27

Average 984.0 972.0 977.2 992.9 977.9

StdDev 12.9 17.0 18.0 11.6 13.2

1781 Max 1009.0 998.5 1010.5 1010.5 998.5

Min 959.4 938.3 938.3 974.4 956.4

Count 31 28 31 24 23

Average 970.1 964.6 974.7 982.4 967.9

StdDev 13.5 19.5 17.0 9.2 12.9

1782 Max 983.5 989.5 998.5 998.5 983.5

Min 938.3 917.3 947.4 959.4 938.3

Count 23 28 31 23 26

Average 963.9 968.4 974.2 957.8 967.7 974.7

StdDev 14.5 15.4 11.9 9.6 12.7 11.3

1783 Max 992.5 989.5 992.5 . 971.4 986.5 995.5

Min 932.3 932.3 950.4 938.3 944.4 953.4

Count 31 25 26 23 25 28

Average 971.5 967.0 982.0

StdDev 18.6 8.2 15.3

1784 Max 1001.5 983.5 1019.6

Min 942.9 948.9 953.4 ,Count 31 31 24 .Average 977.5 992.0 1000.2 991.1

StdDev 15.2 15.8 9.0 14.6

1785 Max 1001.5 1019.6 1019.6 1019.6

Min 956.4 968.4 983.5 965.4

Count 23 23 29 28

Average 975.9 987.7 991.0 991.0 984.8 990.1 977.6

StdDev 23.3 14.5 13.7 9.9 9.3 11.3 20.1

1786 Max 1016.5 1010.5 1016.5 1007.5 1001.5 1007.5 1007.5

Min 935.3 956.4 968.4 965.4 965.4 968.4 938.3

Count 24 28 30 27 28 30 25

Average 972.9 976.4 993.6 986.0 988.3 987.9 -StdDev 16.4 18.5 12.3 6.5 10.8 10.7

1787 Max 992.5 1007.5 1016.5 998.5 1007.5 1001.5

Min 938.3 947.4 968.4 968.4 965.4 956.4

Count 25 24 29 24 25 26

Average 982.2 981.7 989.3 982.5 992.6 978.2 981.2 981.2 997.4 .StdDev 11.4 11.9 13.4 10.2 8.7 7.4 8.8 16.4 8.9

1788 Max 998.5 1009.0 1007.5 1007.5 1007.5 992.5 998.5 1007.5 1013.5

Min 953.4 956.4 965.4 965.4 974.4 965.4 968.4 950.4 974.4

Count 30 29 23 31 23 29 23 30 31

Average 994.1 979.7 992.2 986.7 995.0 983.7 997.3 974.0 '~tt

StdDev 10.9 14.8 10.1 8.6 6.4 10.9 13.5 10.7

1789 Max 1016.5 1001.5 1007.5 1004.5 1007.5 1010.5 1016.5 1004.5 -Min 980.5 938.3 965.4 974.4 982.0 968.4 965.4 956.4

I Count 26 23 31 24 30 24 24 28

- 48 -

Ketilsson - monthly means

Average 974.6 977.1 980.7 990.8 995.5 987.3 984.1 984.8 979.3 976.6 983.4 973.1 982.1

StdDev 9.2 15.7 13.4 12.2 7.7 4.6 5.5 7.4 9.3 11.6 11.5 14.6 12.5

1790 Max 992.5 998.5 1001.5 1007.5 1010.5 995.5 995.5 992.5 995.5 992.5 1001.5 998.5 1010.5

Min 959.4 941.4 938.3 965.4 983.5 977.4 974.4 962.4 956.4 947.4 956.4 938.3 938.3

Count 29 29 25 25 28 23 30 31 24 29 30 31 334

Average 959.7 964.1 969.6 998.6 983.3 981.6 980.3

StdDev 10.8 11.2 17.0 10.7 14.3 12.8 15.4

1791 Max 986.5 989.5 1004.5 1016.5 1013.5 1007.5 1001.5

Min 932.3 938.3 935.3 979.0 956.4 947.4 941.4

Count 31 28 26 29 30 30 30

Average 991.2 981.6 977.3 983.0 989.9 990.9 985.8 982.7 971.8

StdDev 9.9 11.5 12.0 11.8 8.1 3.8 10.2 9.8 13.1

1792 Max 1010.5 998.5 995.5 998.5 1004.5 998.5 1004.5 995.5 995.5

Min 971.4 956.4 956.4 962.4 974.4 983.5 968.4 959.4 947.4

Count 31 24 26 24 27 28 23 27 31

Average 982.0 970.1 975.5 986.1 985.7 981.2 975.6 972.2

StdDev 12.1 11.4 13.6 10.1 5.3 7.7 8.5 15.7

1793 Max 1004.5 992.5 995.5 1004.5 992.5 992.5 998.5 992.5

Min 959.4 947.4 950.4 968.4 974.4 968.4 965.4 942.9

Count 28 28 31 24 27 23 25 31

Average 968.4 965.9 962.2 986.2 985.1 988.4 975.5 982.1 981.6

StdDev 14.4 12.6 11.6 8.7 9.0 4.4 10.4 10.5 18.0

1794 Max 992.5 986.5 983.5 998.5 995.5 ~95.5 992.5 1000.0 1010.5

Min 938.3 944.4 938.3 968.4 965.4 982.0 956.4 965.4 959.4

Count 30 27 31 26 25 24 25 27 28

Average 997.5 997.2 989.1 989.0 998.4 993.2 982.5 979.8

StdDev 13.5 10.0 8.9 11.3 10.7 6.2 4.3 11.6

1795 Max 1016.5 1016.5 1001.5 1010.5 1015.0 1001.5 986.5 998.5

Min 953.4 968.4 974.4 974.4 974.4 977.4 971.4 960.9

Count 25 27 26 23 31 24 28 28

Average 989.4 983.2 987.5 984.3 974.4 982.0 986.7 991.3

StdDev 13.8 12.9 9.7 7.1 7.6 10.2 15.6 11.7

1796 Max 1010.5 1004.5 1001.5 995.5 986.5 998.5 1016.5 1007.5

Min 959.4 956.4 965.4 974.4 959.4 962.4 959.4 965.4

Count 29 28 29 29 31 28 30 31

Total Average 977.5 976.8 981.2 987.1 989.0 987.3 984.8 981.9 977.0 979.2 983.7 981.7 981.8

(otal StdDev 17.4 17.4 16.8 12.1 12.6 4.6 8.2 10.2 13.3 12.6 13.9 16.6 15.2

Total Max 1016.5 1019.6 1019.6 1016.5 1016.5 995.5 1001.5 998.5 998.5 1019.6 1016.5 1019.6 1019.6

Total Min 932.3 917.3 935.3 956.4 948.9 977.4 965.4 938.3 938.3 944.4 947.4 938.3 917.3

Total Count 418 347 419 207 359 23 192 215 121 256 279 347 3183

-'49 -

Per/od: 5.7.1780·30.6.1785 and

1.1.1789·31.12.1789 w/thnumeraus gaps

10701050

~

•

• - -, - - -I - - - ,- - -

"I·"•

1030

•

•

1010

••

.'

•

.. , .'

.. -.• :::>1 ••

e·' - •••- - ~ - - 4 - - •• - - -I· - - ,- - •

- - -,- - -1- - - --

.'.. .•• • I "'.

-_.'. -I--~~::";. .el ..._ ••--

990970950

·.• • • •. ; I I' I •• ,..·">~::::;;r;:'':;'''~~':.~:~ .~-' -,., ~ - - - - i - - ...- ••-o. •••

940 I I X' - I·o· '. ~. '. I.'· I I i~

980

960

920 I ' I I I I I '; .T _~'S:

9009J3 J I I I,' ,- .~~~.,-~~O' , . ',;"i}lil~S;t~ ~\'

1020'OQl-oQl......ooC:J......IIIIl.~--Ql...:J1Il1IlQl...C.

~'m'O1IlQl

.;:Ql1IlCo1Il!!!.+:Ql~

A comparison of daily pressure values in two series: (Lievog [corr.] morn. obs. andKetilsson [uncorr.]). Total number of observations: 1510

1040

Lievog series daily pressure (hPa) corrected

I· Lievog, Ketilss. ppp comparison -Linear ( Lievog, KetiIss. ppp comparison ) I

- 50 -

Chart 6

Campafison of daily pressure values in Lievog ( corr. [morning obs.] ) and Ketilsson (uncorr.)series.

1050 , [210

J_IIPeriod: 1.1.1789-31.12.1789 11_ - - - - - ~ -"-,. - - - ':'- - - -'. - -:. - .. - - -:~.. : .....:.. - _. - ..:. - ..... :.... - -' .. :- .. - - .. :- 1951040

165

180

- -.. - - - - - ~ 150 -III135 a.e.

120 Bc

105 ~

~90 :a

Cl)

75 :;1/11/1

60 ~a.

;. - - - - . - ; - - - - . - -, - - - - - - - - - - - - -, .. - - . - -, - .. - .. '. - . - - - - -1- - - - - - -, - - . - - - ',' - . - -.- -,-

, '" I I , , ,- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -950

960

990

1030

1020

1000

1010

a. 970a.a.

-IIIa. 980J::-

940 -l . . . . - - • . - - - .. - . - - - . - - . . - - - - - , - - - - - - , - - - - - - ., . - - - - - -'.- - - . . . " - - - - - - -, - - - - - - -,. - - . - - .,' - . - - - -,. ~ 45

930

920

- - • - - -; - - - - - ~ - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - 1- - - - - - - ..... - - - • -;. - -li. -I'.:, - - l - - - •• - • - - - - - - -A - - . - - - -. - - - - - 30

15

910' I' ,,, ,I' I I , I 'I , ! l \! l! Il! I Il • ' ! I Il l, I • I ~ o

900 , i i i i i i i I ·1511

1789

311

1789

23

1789

14

1789

15

1789

315

1789

306

1789

307

1789

298

1789

289

1789

2810

1789

2711

1789

2712

1789

date (dcllmmlyy)

Ic:=J Lievog - Ketilsson -- Lievog (Lambhus) - M. Ketilsson (Buoardalur) I

- Sl ~

Charts 1

Lievog monthly means (ppp [EC] all observation times 1779-1789) with a 10. degr.polynomial (it

. ,j Uncorrected data I .,.

; .... . ~ ""',. .. -"•...... ~~.........1,'-

..~.4

,,6 .

.. , .. . ..l' 107~ l::: ,:/, • ~aa~? . ,~

~ !'>?, .

~ ~.. 996,7 "...

-0-99~5 I · I~tI ~v"n .. } I -'- r..'. -

I ."

, , - Xl" 993- .... nnA" -993,5

.... ;Il' o

~OQ '>?I v ....

~ • oL:7:7oJ,v

/' - -. ~ ::1::111,1J'7oJ,v..ei ~. , ..... .~, , ... ..

.,. .. I~ ~~~ . .,.. ..

ClRCl.'?._-,

.. ;f • .~

. -e'" .~ .

"

.~ ., -, "

1003

100210011000

999_ 998

ca 997a.~ 996-(1) 995~

~ 994

~ 993e 992Q. 991

990

989988987

986

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP ocr NOV DEC

,4

1014

1013

1012

1011

1010

1009

..-. 1008ctl

~ 1007-; 1006

~ 1005:{l 1004...c.. 1003

1002

1001

1000

999

998

997

month

I- .. - y ----o-- trendline-1 Opow I

Lievog monthly means (ppp [C1] all observation times 1779-1789) with a 10. degr.polynomial (it

l' I "I' -;. ~ ..f..' ~,

t=]Corrected data I' .... . .... . ~,

/n,"-"""'" .v.~,O'"....~1n1 117 l .."O"

~rv, .. .......... ... , ,

I,

~ r.....

")..,1"'" ~

ti 1 lf .,;

..ff10C 8,5 ,. ' .. ..... ~l~: ~).. ,;c, .

~:i • ti' '/008;6 IUUO,!:', ....r-...

.>

" ·,.P10'07,y1 · - -',," , I .. "n 1(){ 6,2

.,.

. ".'", ... I . , . l · ,:~-

I rf'10(...

~-- ,: ..~I J • fOO~4 ,f,

5.2 ~

J '.... ../ • ~, ~.t '!'..., ~

• ti' , .'.,A

., . "'1' .... '0..1003,4 ",I'.. , ,

rr:;-"r '7,7 . - ,~ ~, 1003,5 ........... , ./ , /; 1002,6 "o..10C 13

moe 03,

I-'otOOC

•• lO.

lo ll'. . •..• • ' '999,7

...~ .. "';'011 • -999,~

' .' .Ai . .

,~.

998,5 ;. " . ,~ :> - .·

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

month

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

I- .. - y ----o-- trendline-1 Opow I

- 52 -

Charts 1

10 degr. polynomial fit for Lievog og Southwest ser. (ppp) with series difference.

3

6,6

1014 -.---,.---,.---,--,.---,.---......--:1:-::0:711::-,=7...,---..,----..,----....,..-----,----,--.-.--r 21

. ., 1011,1 10108 '.1012 -r-:---:--j--I---r----'---I--:;::::;;;*'""-o;;;;;;;;;~~~---r---'--T--_r_--r__-:-___i

101 O+-__+-__t--_--l_1.:..:0:..=.0=..!8,~9""""'O-~_ _+-.:--+---O"""'--'---C:""'lo.;~10::..:0:..=.8,-=,9_+_--~-+-----'--+-__+-_--I- 18

1008 +---+---+-:-:-:-=--=-t::""y:.~-'"..+-:-----t--+---t~---~......:-'l.c\I\;/nnll".,..,A-t---t---t-----1 -;;;-• I 19,05~~ f.t' ~}. .'"

1006 +----l---.+-/--.,..,,.....+---+---:-.--+-.:-.---"---+-------t-.==.-+-;~~_::~:-.....;...1,~'"0""3,n8-+-----::.,..--...-+-...--=-,-,----J- 15 :s"Æ 1004 +--..=----h,rnn'UU7..-'rl~--+~--.+-----H "" 100!~6~. ~_..c: 1002 -1--,.---:'-+1.,..__/'/(1'--.t----+---------=-----,..::-H r-~~""'O...-~4.'II-i'tntUUl'HL. U..-!- 12 t:C1)

999A....1o" c---- .. .......;. ....:..:.::.-.,. li;~ 1000 +--<T~"'9---+-~-H ~ V' :E~ 998 +---+---+-r··--,rHlo--U"""r...........+-...t"'."""-J-t"i'+"'I"Uo...""\ I-l---:j'r.:--+ 9 ~

o. 996' .rr-- ~ 997,4 998,0 997,6 r-o... ~

994r 996,3 996,2 ~ ~ en

n;;A r: 995,2 I .......... l,...o 6 ~992 r-- 994,1 "O-.. _ .J"1"'" 993,4 c.

-.,..,-990 992,2 991,3 I 991,9

~ ~5,0 6,7 9,2 11,5 13,1 14,1 14,7 14,8 14,2 12,5 II 9,7986 -j-L---'Lf-.L.---'Lf-.L.---'L+-L---'L+-L----'Lf-'-----''-t-'----'L.j--<---'L.j--<--''+''---''-t-'---.,....--.&+ O

JAN FEB MAA APA MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

month

Ic::=JSW.Lievog -<>-trendline-10pow (SV) -O--trendline-10pow (Liev) I

Southwest ser. pressure monthly means (period: Jan. 1874 - Dec. 1976) with a 10. degr.polynomial fit

0,0.

~ • ~. ,. "

~1':1~ - ,.. ...• ..~ I ..-fl- Q,f- .l

,"", -p /'., ... .. ,0 ""'"';)ol

I .. ........

- ./ IV' ::v ~ f.. ~ "~.

.~ ' itft{gJu UU~;;J ~ 1009,7 ~,"',

l.

.... /. " .. '. 1008;7 ~,.

.~~· ., ...i~

.. /' •• - ." "n'1006.4 lo" .::...: .......Å l s;;14005,5 ~~i'" \

lr,

I ",,.,,t-,.'"'" ...J....... l·..,.

· /,'" . ... ';,.'W'''''''''' .,I~ . i'- - ""/ IlVV'f,:t ,';; . i . .:-,.,~ .......ru Ud,~ ., . . ..

.h~~.. . ,

fN003~ .. , ~ , - : ,..AJ IV

,,,, .'. :;. . . t. . ...' • "O.Jtl D1,6

- ./ 10014 i· - ". 4 t., ~hcJ99S,4 ~

• ,. • . . -, ... ... .......

998,6f' •...\ .;... - ... • :t:;Oj'!.

I~ -. - - .. ,.~. ..

10141013

1012101110101009

ca 1008~ 1007-; 1006...~ 1005en~ 1004o. 1003

100210011000

999998997

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

month

I- .. - y --O---trendline-10pow I

- 53 -

Chart1

A comparison of monthly means (ppp [EC]) in Lievog series (1779-1789) and in Reykjavik (1961-1990)

l I 30

20 lia..c

18 -;or::

16 ~Q)

:t:14 :c

~12 ~

li)Q)

10 a.8

8,07,312,216,212,915,811,413,313,35,19,66,7

· :~J'~ -- -I Lievog ser. uncorrected I· ~ 28

'" "1010,4 '" '" ".1010,1 __ ..1010,0 - - - - - . - . - - - - ~ 26- ~ - ~ - - - - - - - - ~ - ~ -. - - - - - - - - - jlI - - - - - - - - - -.. ...

o o ••• -o .. 1008,6. - . . . - . . - . . . - - - . . . . . - i'· . . - . . - - - .. . - . . . - - . . . . . . . ~ .... "'O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . - . . - - . - - . . ~ 24

"· . - .. - - - - - - . - . i ~ . - - - - . - - " ~00"5,5' .. - - - .. - - - . ~ 22

_ _ _ . . . . . . . _ . . • _ _ • . _, ~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . _ . _ . . _ _ _ .~ ", . ,,' _ _ _ . . _ _ . .1 OQ4,o. . . . . . . . .

1003,1 ... 1002,3 '" '" <> ...1002,6 ~ '" _......... _ . .· . . . . - - - . -('j ;"'" ... -..Q. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . - . . - . . - -~ . '".. ... ... 1001,0

'" ...· 1o.oQ,~ -'" - ~ . . - . . . . . . . . .. ..... - . . . . . . . . . . - - . . . -,..:.....;....; - . - . . . . . . . .r-1 . . - - - . . . . . . - . . . . . . . o - - .o'" ~1 ~7

· .. - .. - 998,0 - ~ ...

1015

1013

1011

1009

1007

1005

li 1003a.:S 1001Q)..:::s

999li)li)Q)..

997o.

995

993

991

989

987

985

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

month

II IRvk-Lievog ~Lievog 1779-1789 (uncorr.)· 00- Rvk 1961-1990 I

- 54 -

Chart5

A comparison of monthly means (ppp [C1]) in Lievog series (1779-1789) and in Reykjavik (19611990)

r~---:-'l~~~--:-"r~---.~~--"":""-r~~-:--:-,,~r--.-,~---:-"7~~-,....,.~t-'-~----r'1l:~·_-·-:-"'7,:,,~·""---rø~~---:"~-~"'''''7~-'~'-'''"l'~'::''''''''"'1'"...__...''''tr- 24

.. ,,'..~'"

"'Hb03;5'~", ",- 'J:.~ '.,

.. '._. .' '''HHHH :H _ ''''H : H H H.: ..H H ..

22

20

18

. ..................H... __..:..)~~~'t/..t~.. "...H.

H _H..H H HH"H"," ,;.;<""'" ".;~" ,.. ,.,,: .' .v:1002:'6~-·,-o1.003\.1':ti' fl' :;~"'.'.!..M ). : '.. '. '~'}1!'~""" .

.. " ".. '--- .:.. ,~.;t~.;i~ ' """ : --"" -" " --. .. H'" '" • "'''''H r::-r , " H ..• ~ 21,:1,7'1' i;9~' '.- r:i,81, 0,2 r1';"t1 ~ ~ I

"" '.... '., ,. H',... .. L:J H =' r.;:7l --'" .I-.J r:::;-;T .. . . t:==l..... ..' r.;,;-]..... . '''j- o, 4,1 " . , , ",U" ' C-:.:J." ,-0,3, U .:'.,. ..~._::':. LJ:.'.',: ::::::.:-:.:::..:.',: ::.::. ....::.:::..:',' :.: ::.:..:::......::.::;: ~

I " .;. ..",.:.-'.:,... ",-- '--<, ":.... :..;. ;:-::' ":"\'/': .;., ..... j' .- ..:-::"",,~ ..:--:.,. ,"''-' .".-".:.'" :.:' "~o ,.;.,. ..-': ,\ :;.: ';', :'. ,;'i'" ~::. :', .-;.:." .'- .:' I -6

.1~':····· .-.:, ~ .... ~ 16 _

.; '")~.:::~:;:: .. " " .. 14:'..o ~1Q(j4;~: ..c

H':"'~~"H'• •• • 12-;.. u.' ". '" ., c:

+ ~••.' ·················<;>'00;,010 •

+ ........::::: .:... •.: •••••...•••:......••••....:. .: .••.....•..:..... .•••..: ... .••...••.• ••• :.:.... ••••••::.:::.::::••.....:: .:::.:•.•:: ••::.: .: :::::." ::~~o:~·:l\;,.

Co

1015

1013

1011

1009

1007

1005

(;' 1003D.

:S 1001e;::, 999Cl)Cl)

e 997Co

995

993

991

989

987

9851 . 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

month

II IRvk-Lievog -C>-Lievog 1779-1789 (corr.) - -o - Rvk 1961-1990 I

.. 55 ..

Ippp: 3 dayrunning average·1...

A comparison of 4 overlaping series: Lievog, Finnsson, K"etilsson and an unknown station. Period: 1.1.1779·31".12.1780. Lievog pressure series has been adjusted.

1025.~"'.

~ '·1020·

1015

1010

1005

et' 1000a..~ 995

ø 990·""":::JCl)

985Cl)

~ 980Q..~ . 975

970

965·

.. 960·. ,955'..

, , I l '~' , '.' , , , , , , l , , l

:::: ::::: ::::::': ::':. ::::: :::::::: ::::: ::::.": :: :::::~::: :: ::t\: ::::: ::::: ::< :;j: : : : : ::: :11 :': : : : : : : :: :i~ ::: f\: :: :, . , , , , , ': - ;, s:., ,f, t, .,.'I, ",: ' , 'i, I' :~: ', , , ,', :.:1 ~ '; J~, , Ik f _,It ! l, I' , ~ , r{" , , ., ~ ~' .' ,

. -:... -: .. ~ - - " .. '- -, _. ; - ~ :. o;. -:f:" ~ - - .~:. • -:-;::;-:;-:~., ::: _.. ,-::t!~~· !:','! ~ -.-~.r: ','~: -:;', l:- .; - -.: (!:,- :1' o,;'l , " '" • ~,' l ~ l l , .~. I : , l • ~ : • I ': ~:;:;': ! ~'i :~ 'il ;: I. j ; ;,:,;. :-.' l ~:.J .:' It \.

,.... - - .... . I . ~ - . - . _. " ';", ""'1 :.. - -11~~·"tr,:-.·' - .. '-.' -",-,,-.;.- .-" ',1' '.: ';',' ,'1;, ~ .,,' ~ ti,I'" - ... "'~ .;.-" I' .;:.. , . : . i: \ ,.' l t ~ :' )' .: : ' I .' ; :~:;.:::: ~'; ::; ,; f~' : ~ , : i :.: ;; :i: ~ '"l: : $ ;, I :

.,.. " l'l' j, \ " •• ~. I .1 '::, ~.; 1\: l;" ~:: \I: \ ~ 'l J\': ( ;': " ',;, 'I, :t':l ill,'"1_ ." -. • , 'l " j'~ • ,,' lti' • ~ I. \ ... l' I. ". ' I .. ' 'l ,

I,. ti' -l1)1 .. I" . Ji "/1 '::" '. - ,- ~~h -. ~Ij .: 'l', '1 I,,' - . ;,t. "M· -l;" - .. ~; - '-~- -,...; ;; - ;: -, !~. ,,;~ ,;.:' ' "~" .' '; r., • , "I' I, "l t '. . " • I , .' ,', j \ I Irr : . .; ,f '::' '1': I : ': ': I i' A..'", ..... ---",.....llrj I . '. \. '. - ..' . - .. - l'I~' - .1- - '. ·1; .: . .l. t.:',' ~"l- . ::.. ;," .: . : ~ .. :'jn - :. > -!. :~. ~:-:' :;~\ .

, l • " " ' r I j ~ • lJ; I I, . l ',.

ft 'l , l l , , '" r " ro \" l , . l l I' ~ J.,. Il:,";

~~~J ~ Il 11' ' .'. -..'.. -'I' _. ~ .\~ ~~. -'.... -.U.. . l~c,f. ~ l" •r r. - ) . . -. ,. - l " fl' li, ,J '~~;;:' , l I , l , {I : ' ,:

. l ,j,-- : .. '.- .. '_ ...'.-_: "'V'-'\ .-:.... :-_:·.:.:~.~~~l :- .. :- ...:._-~ ·A: _·:·_·;I~.i!····:· ':;1' I l , , l ,I l• , l , • l •

! :: : : ::: : : ::: : : ) : ::: : : :::: '.

~ :. -.. :. -..:..-...<. ---:.. ~.

~, , • , , , , • • , lO • I'. ~. ' Ill' , , , , '. - - -' .. - : ' - - .. - . - - .. - - '- .. - - - - - - . - .

- - -, - - :- - l - - ~ - " - - - ,. - - ~,- - - -, - - - : - - -. , , • • , , l , I , l ,

- - -: - - ,- -: - - - ~ - - - :. - - -:. - - .: - . - : . - -:. . - -: .. - ~ - - - : - - -: - - - .: - . - : - . - :- - - -: - - - ~ - - - ~ - - -: - - - -: - . - ~ - - . ,~ - . -, - - .. -, .I , , I , • , l , l l , , , • l • , l , • ,

. j PPP (Gt) Lievog -- PPP (UG) Finnsson -- ppp (UG) Unknown ppp (UG) Ketilsson I, -

- 56-

instrumental meteorological observ ations in iceland in ... · the advice research project-file...

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