instrumentation & control engg. section electrical engineering department ahmedabad - 382481,...
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MICRO-CONTROLLER &
ITS APPLICATIONSInstrumentation & Control Engg. Section
Electrical Engineering Department
Ahmedabad - 382481, Gujarat
PROGRAMMING Arithmetic Operations
Logic Operations
Conditions
Loops
Both Assembly language and C language
INTERFACING I/OInput Devices Switch
Push-button, POT
Sensors (temperature, strain gauge, level) (mV)
Touchscreen
Keypad matrix
Infrared (PIR motion sensor)
Camera
PING Sensor
RPM Measurement IR sensor
LM35
Etc….
CONT….Output Devices LED
Seven Segment
LED Matrix
LCD
Motor (DC, AC, Servo, Stepper)
Relay
Solenoid Valve
Etc…
OTHER DEVICES RFID Tag and Reader
GSM Module
GPS module
Motor Driver
BASICS
MOV P0,#83H // Initializing push button switches and initializing LED in OFF state.
READSW: MOV A,P0 // Moving the port value to Accumulator.RRC A // Checking the vale of Port 0 to know if switch 1 is ON or notJC NXT // If switch 1 is OFF then jump to NXT to check if switch 2 is
ONCLR P0.7 // Turn ON LED because Switch 1 is ONSJMP READSW // Read switch status again.
NXT: RRC A // Checking the value of Port 0 to know if switch 2 is ON or notJC READSW // Jumping to READSW to check status of switch 1 again
(provided switch 2 is OFF)SETB P0.7 // Turning OFF LED because Switch 2 is ONSJMP READSW // Jumping to READSW to read status of switch 1
again.END
8051 + 16*2 LCD
#include<reg52.h> //including sfr registers for ports of the controller
#include<lcd.h> //Can be download from bottom of this article
//LCD Module Connections
sbit RS = P0^0;
sbit EN = P0^1;
sbit D4 = P2^4;
sbit D5 = P2^5;
sbit D6 = P2^6;
sbit D7 = P2^7;
//End LCD Module Connections
void Delay(int a)
{
int j;
int i;
for(i=0;i<a;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<100;j++)
{
}
}
}
void main()
{
int i;
Lcd4_Init();
while(1)
{
Lcd4_Set_Cursor(1,1);
Lcd4_Write_String("electroSome LCD Hello World");
for(i=0;i<15;i++)
{
Delay(1000);
Lcd4_Shift_Left();
}
for(i=0;i<15;i++)
{
Delay(1000);
Lcd4_Shift_Right();
}
Lcd4_Clear();
Lcd4_Set_Cursor(2,1);
Lcd4_Write_Char('e');
Lcd4_Write_Char('S');
Delay(2000);
}
}
8051 + MATRIX KEYPAD
#include<reg52.h> //including sfr registers for ports of the controller
#include<lcd.h>
//LCD Module Connections
sbit RS = P0^0;
sbit EN = P0^1;
sbit D0 = P2^0;
sbit D1 = P2^1;
sbit D2 = P2^2;
sbit D3 = P2^3;
sbit D4 = P2^4;
sbit D5 = P2^5;
sbit D6 = P2^6;
sbit D7 = P2^7;
//End LCD Module Connections
//Keypad Connections
sbit R1 = P1^0;
sbit R2 = P1^1;
sbit R3 = P1^2;
sbit R4 = P1^3;
sbit C1 = P1^4;
sbit C2 = P1^5;
sbit C3 = P1^6;
sbit C4 = P1^7;
//End Keypad Connections
void Delay(int a)
{
int j;
int i;
for(i=0;i<a;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<100;j++)
{
}
}
}
char Read_Keypad()
{
C1=1;
C2=1;
C3=1;
C4=1;
R1=0;
R2=1;
R3=1;
R4=1;
if(C1==0){Delay(100);while(C1==0);return '7';}
if(C2==0){Delay(100);while(C2==0);return '8';}
if(C3==0){Delay(100);while(C3==0);return '9';}
if(C4==0){Delay(100);while(C4==0);return '/';}
R1=1;
R2=0;
R3=1;
R4=1;
if(C1==0){Delay(100);while(C1==0);return '4';}
if(C2==0){Delay(100);while(C2==0);return '5';}
if(C3==0){Delay(100);while(C3==0);return '6';}
if(C4==0){Delay(100);while(C4==0);return 'X';}
R1=1;
R2=1;
R3=0;
R4=1;
if(C1==0){Delay(100);while(C1==0);return '1';}
if(C2==0){Delay(100);while(C2==0);return '2';}
if(C3==0){Delay(100);while(C3==0);return '3';}
if(C4==0){Delay(100);while(C4==0);return '-';}
R1=1;
R2=1;
R3=1;
R4=0;
if(C1==0){Delay(100);while(C1==0);return 'C';}
if(C2==0){Delay(100);while(C2==0);return '0';}
if(C3==0){Delay(100);while(C3==0);return '=';}
if(C4==0){Delay(100);while(C4==0);return '+';}
return 0;
}
void main()
{
int i=0;
char c,p;
Lcd8_Init();
while(1)
{
Lcd8_Set_Cursor(1,1);
Lcd8_Write_String("Keys Pressed:");
Lcd8_Set_Cursor(2,1);
Lcd8_Write_String("Times:");
while(!(c = Read_Keypad()));
p=c;
while(p==c)
{
i++;
Lcd8_Set_Cursor(1,14);
Lcd8_Write_Char(c);
Lcd8_Set_Cursor(2,7);
Lcd8_Write_Char(i+48);
Delay(100);
while(!(c = Read_Keypad()));
}
i=0;
Lcd8_Clear();
}
}
8051+RELAY
#include<stdio.h>
sbit relay_pin = P2^0;
void Delay_ms(int);
void main() { do { relay_pin = 1;
//Relay ON Delay_ms(1000); relay_pin = 0;
//Relay OFF Delay_ms(1000); }while(1); }
void Delay_ms(int k)
{
int j;
int i;
for(i=0;i<k;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<100;j++)
{
}
}
}
#include<stdio.h>
#define relayport P2
void Delay_ms(int);
void main()
{
do
{
relayport = 0xFF; //All relays On
Delay_ms(1000);
relayport = 0x00; //All relays Off
Delay_ms(1000);
}while(1);
}
void Delay_ms(int k)
{
int j;
int i;
for(i=0;i<k;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<100;j++)
{
}
}
}
8051 + STEPPER MOTOR
A Stepper Motor is a brushless, synchronous DC Motor. It has many applications in the field of robotics and mechatronics. The total rotation of the motor is divided into steps. The angle of a single step is known as the stepper angle of the motor. There are two types of stepper motors Unipolar and Bipolar. Due to the ease of operation unipolar stepper motor is commonly used by electronics hobbyists. Stepper Motors can be easily interfaced with a microcontroller using driver ICs such as L293D or ULN2003.
Unipolar stepper motors can be used in three modes namely the Wave Drive, Full Drive and Half Drive mode. Each drive have its own advantages and disadvantages, thus we should choose the required drive according to the application and power consumption.
WAVE DRIVE In this mode only one electromagnet is energized at a time. Generated
torque will be less when compared to full drive in which two electromagnets are energized at a time but power consumption is reduced. It has same number of steps as in the full drive. This drive is preferred when power consumption is more important than torque. It is rarely used.
Wave Drive Stepping Sequence
Step A B C D
1 1 0 0 0
2 0 1 0 0
3 0 0 1 0
4 0 0 0 1
FULL DRIVE In this mode two electromagnets are energized at a time, so the torque
generated will be larger when compared to Wave Drive. This drive is commonly used than others. Power consumption will be higher than other modes.
Full Drive Stepping Sequence
Step A B C D
1 1 1 0 0
2 0 1 1 0
3 0 0 1 1
4 1 0 0 1
Half Drive
In this mode alternatively one and two electromagnets are energized, so it is a combination of Wave and Full drives. This mode is commonly used to increase the angular resolution of the motor but the torque will be less, about 70% at its half step position. We can see that the angular resolution doubles when using Half Drive.
Half Drive Stepping Sequence
Step A B C D
1 1 0 0 0
2 1 1 0 0
3 0 1 0 0
4 0 1 1 0
5 0 0 1 0
6 0 0 1 1
7 0 0 0 1
8 1 0 0 1
#include<reg52.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void delay(int);
void main()
{
do
{
P2=0x01; //0001
delay(1000);
P2=0x02; //0010
delay(1000);
P2=0x04; //0100
delay(1000);
P2=0x08; //1000
delay(1000);
}
while(1);
}
void delay(int k)
{
int i,j;
for(i=0;i<k;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<100;j++)
{}
}
}
#include<reg52.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void delay(int);
void main()
{
do
{
P2 = 0x03; //0011
delay(1000);
P2 = 0x06; //0110
delay(1000);
P2 = 0x0C; //1100
delay(1000);
P2 = 0x09; //1001
delay(1000);
}
while(1);
}
void delay(int k)
{
int i,j;
for(i=0;i<k;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<100;j++)
{}
}
}
#include<reg52.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void delay(int);
void main()
{
do
{
P2=0x01; //0001
delay(1000);
P2=0x03; //0011
delay(1000);
P2=0x02; //0010
delay(1000);
P2=0x06; //0110
delay(1000);
P2=0x04; //0100
delay(1000);
P2=0x0C; //1100
delay(1000);
P2=0x08; //1000
delay(1000);
P2=0x09; //1001
delay(1000);
} while(1);
}
void delay(int k)
{
int i,j;
for(i=0;i<k;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<100;j++)
{}
}
}
#include<reg52.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void delay(int);
void main()
{
do
{
P2=0x01; //0001
delay(1000);
P2=0x04; //0100
delay(1000);
P2=0x02; //0010
delay(1000);
P2=0x08; //1000
delay(1000);
}while(1);
}
void delay(int k)
{
int i,j;
for(i=0;i<k;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<100;j++)
{}
}
}
8051 + DC MOTOR
Control Signals and Motor Status
P2.0/IN1 P2.1/IN2 Motor Status
LOW LOW Stops
LOW HIGH Clockwise
HIGH LOW Anti-Clockwise
HIGH HIGH Stops
#include<reg52.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void delay(void);
sbit motor_pin_1 = P2^0;
sbit motor_pin_2 = P2^1;
void main()
{
do
{
motor_pin_1 = 1;
motor_pin_2 = 0; //Rotates Motor Anit Clockwise
delay();
motor_pin_1 = 1;
motor_pin_2 = 1; //Stops Motor
delay();
motor_pin_1 = 0;
motor_pin_2 = 1; //Rotates Motor Clockwise
delay();
motor_pin_1 = 0;
motor_pin_2 = 0; //Stops Motor
delay();
}while(1);
}
void delay()
{
int i,j;
for(i=0;i<1000;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<1000;j++)
{
}
}
}
8051 + SERVO MOTOR A servo motor uses servo mechanism, which is a closed loop mechanism
that uses position feedback to control the precise angular position of the shaft. Stepper Motors, which is an open loop system can also be used for precise angular control. But Servo Motors are preferred in angular motion applications such as robotic arm. Moreover controlling of servo motors are very simple, easy and needs no extra hardware like stepper motor.
It uses Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) waves as control signals. The angle of rotation is determined by the width of the pulse at the control pin. The servo motor used here is having angle of rotation from 0 to 180 degrees. We can control the exact angular position by varying the pulse between 1ms to 2ms
#include<reg52.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include <intrins.h>
sbit motor_pin = P2^0;
void Delay(unsigned int);
void Delay_servo(unsigned int);
void main()
{
motor_pin = 0;
do
{
//Turn to 0 degree
motor_pin = 1;
Delay_servo(50);
motor_pin = 0;
Delay(1000);
//Turn to 90 degree
motor_pin=1;
Delay_servo(82);
motor_pin=0;
Delay(1000);
//Turn to 180 degree
motor_pin=1;
Delay_servo(110);
motor_pin=0;
Delay(1000);
}while(1);
}
void Delay(unsigned int ms)
{
unsigned long int us = ms*1000;
while(us--)
{
_nop_();
}
}
void Delay_servo(unsigned int us)
{
while(us--)
{
_nop_();
}
}
THANK YOU