integrated farming system for risk management and enhanced...
TRANSCRIPT
Integrated Farming System for Risk
Management and Enhanced Climate
Resilient Agriculture
Dr. K. Sammi ReddyDirector (Acting)
ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland
Agriculture
Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Email: [email protected]
COP 24 @ Katowice: Side Event at Indian Pavilion on
5th December 2018
Outline of Presentation
• Introduction – Projected Scenario
• Agro-climatic zones
• Successful IF Models for different Agro-
climatic Zones
• Successful IFS Models for Rainfed Agro-eco
System
• Successful IFS Models for North Eastern
Himalayan Region
• Production constraints identified for
improvement
• Conclusion
Projected scenario in 2050
• 50% of India’s population will move to urban localities by 2050
as against present 29.5%: It will require diversified & qualitative
food rather than quantitative
• > 95 % of the holdings will be under small and marginal
category (0.11 ha)
• 382 million tonnes of food production will be needed to feed the
projected population (1.6 billion)
• Present shortage of concentrates (63%), green fodder (62%)
and dry fodder (22%) for livestock is likely to worsen which will
adversely affect the productivity of animals
• Demand for milk will be more than double by 2050 from present
around 155 million tonnes.
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi - CRIDA, Hyderabad
• Rainfed area of major commodities
• Coarse cereals - 90%
• Pulses - 90%
• Oil seeds - 80%
• Cotton - 60%
• Rice - 55%
140 141 141 140 143 142 139 141 140
108 105 101 9690 85
80 77 73
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Pla
n 4
(1
969
-74)
Pla
n 5
(1
974
-79)
Pla
n 6
(1
980
-85)
Pla
n 7
(1
985
-90)
Pla
n 8
(1
992
-97)
Pla
n 9
(1
997
-02)
Pla
n 1
0 (
200
2-0
7)
Pla
n 1
1 (
200
7-1
2)
Pla
n 1
2 (
201
2-1
7)
Are
a (
m h
a)
Trend in Rainfed Area in India during Five Year Plans
Net area sown Rainfed Area
• Rainfed areas Contribute
44% of food production
• Home to 66% of the
total 458 million
livestock
• Small, marginal and
tribal farmers with
poor resource base
• Bridging yield gaps
• Dry spells
• Declining soil health
• Small farm
mechanization
• Climate change
Small Farmer:
Core of Indian
Agriculture
• ~85% farmers have < 2 ha
cultivated land
• 77% districts have more than
70% smallholders
Number & Area of Operational Holding by Size Group (2010-11)
Category of HoldingNumber of
holding (‘000)
Area
(‘000 ha)
Average size
of Holding
(ha)
Marginal
(Less than 1 ha)
92356
(67.0)
35410
(22.2)0.38
Small
(1.0 to2.0 ha)
24705
(17.9)
35136
(22.1)1.42
Semi-Midium
(2.0 to 4.0 ha)
13840
(10.1)
37547
(23.6)2.71
Medium
(4.0 to 10.0 ha)
5856
(4.3)
33709
(21.2)5.76
Large
(10.0 ha and above)
1000
(0.7)
17379
(10.9)17.37
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
1970-7
1
1976-7
7
1980-8
1
1985-8
6
1990-9
1
1995-9
6
2000-0
1
2005-0
6
2010-1
1
2015-1
6
2020-2
1
2025-2
6
2030-3
1
2035-3
6
2040-4
1
2045-4
6
2050-5
1
Marginal
Small
Semi-
MediumMedium
Large
All Sizes
Number of operational holdings as per different Agriculture
Censuses and projected valuesN
um
ber
of
Ho
ldin
gs (
in '000)
Source: Agriculture Census ,2010-11
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi – CRIDA, Hyderabad
Integrated Farming System
Integrated Farming System
(IFS)
• Integrated Farming system is a set of agroeconomic activities that are interrelated andinteract with themselves in a particularagrarian setting.
• It is a mix of farm enterprises to whichfarm families allocate its resources in orderto efficiently utilize the existing enterprisesfor increasing the productivity andprofitability of the farm.
Objectives of IFS
• Provide a steady and stable income through
rejuvenation/amelioration of the system
productivity.
• Achieve agro-ecological equilibrium through
the reduction in the build-up of pests and
diseases, through natural cropping system
management and the reduction in the use
of chemicals.
• Greater resilience during climate change.
Diversification for Reducing
Risk under Climate Change
• Synergism among the different enterprises
• Components arranged spatially and temporallyon the same piece of land for the best utilizationof resources
• One component complements the other: Wastegenerated in from one component is recycledand used as a resource for the other
• Diversity of produce
• Environmental soundness
• More than components help to reduce risk if oneof the component fails.
Agro-Climatic Zones of India
Agro-climatic zone based production systems in India
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi – CRIDA, Hyderabad
Successful IF Models for
different Agro-climatic
Zones
ECF/OFR Centers Existing Farming
Systems
Constraints identified
1. Chatha, Jammu,
SKUAST. (J&K)
2. Akrot, Dist Una,
CSK, H P. K. V.
(H.P.)
Crops +
Dairy+Hort.
Crops + Dairy +
Poultry
Crops +
Horticulture
(Fruits/Vegetables)
CROPS
Rainfed farming, Small and marginal farmers,
Lack of diversification, Imbalanced fertilization,
Lack of technical know-how, Lack of marketing facilities
HORTICULTURE
Poor Technical Know-how, Poor planting material
Un – organized marketing, Low price at peak harvest
DAIRY
Shortage of fodder, Non availability of leguminous fodder
Feeding mainly with cereal based fodders
No use of mineral mixtures, Low yielding milchanimals
POULTRY
Socially less acceptable , Heavy loss due to diseases.
BEE KEEPING
Practiced by the farmers in shifting manner as this need
flowering crops/trees.
AGRO CLIMATIC REGION 1 – WESTERN HIMALAYAN REGION
43583
58485
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
Net
retu
rns
Rs./h
a/y
ear
Crop C+D+H
Farming Systems
WEST ER N H IM A LA YA N R EGION
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi – CRIDA, Hyderabad
ECF/OFR
Centers
Existing Farming
SystemsConstraints identified
1. Faridkot,
PAU, Ludhiana,
(Punjab)
Crops + Dairy
(95%)
(Hort./Bee
Keeping/Fish/
Poultry by 1-5%
Farmers.
FIELD CROP
1-Poor water quality for irrigation
2-Non availability of improved seed and good quality
insecticides
3-Unawareness of integrated approach .
DAIRY
1-Non availability of high milk yielding and fast
growing cows and buffaloes.
2-Non availability of green fodder through out year
3- Repeated breeding and infertility
HORTICULTURE
Poor Technical Know-how,
Poor planting material
AGRO CLIMATIC REGION 2 – TRANS GANGETIC PLAIN REGION
45
63
1
46
25
5
51
08
6
42000
43000
44000
45000
46000
47000
48000
49000
50000
51000
52000
Ne
t re
turn
s R
s./
ha
/ye
ar
Crop C+D C+D+Veg.
Farming Systems
TRANS GANGETIC PLAIN REGION
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi – CRIDA, Hyderabad
ECF/OFR
Centers
Existing
Farming
Systems
Constraints identified
1. Haridwar,
Pantnagar, (
U.P.)
2. ECF, Sultanpur,
Faizabad,
(U.P.)
3. Haidergarh
Barabanki, U.P.
4.PDCSR,Meerut
Crops + D+Hort.
Agro-forestry +D
Crops + D +
Medicinal crop
Mentha +Fishery +
Poultry
Crops+Dairy+Hort.
+
Apiary/Fish
CROPS:
Use of local seed and varieties, Imbalanced use of NPK,
Limited irrigation facilities, Improper plant protection,
Lack of crop diversification
DAIRY:
Indigenous low yielding animals, Lack of green fodder
Poor feeding with wheat &paddy straw and sugarcane tops,
HORTICULTURE
Lack of technological know-how
FISHERY and POULTRY
High infiltration loss
Ponds are not technically sound
Diseases in poultry
Market facilities
AGROFORESTRY
Lack of Technological Know how
AGRO CLIMATIC REGION 3 – UPPER GAGETIC PLAIN REGION
57067
100081
118225
69248
97639
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
Net
retu
rns R
s./h
a/y
ear
Crop C+D C+D+H C+D+P+F+M C+F+D+H+A
Farming Systems
UPPER GAGETIC PLAIN REGION
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi – CRIDA, Hyderabad
15796
29707
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
Net
retu
rns R
s./
ha/y
ea
C+D+G C+D+P+F
Farming Systems
MIDDLE GAGETIC PLAIN REGION
AGRO CLIMATIC REGION 4 – MIDDLE GAGETIC PLAIN REGION
ECF/OFR
Centers
Existing
Farming
Systems
Constraints identified
1.ECF Banda,
CSUA&T,
Kanpur (U.P.)
2. ECF,
Maharajgang,
NDUAT,
Faizabad, (U.P.)
Crops + Dairy
+Goat
(Few farmer also
integrate the
system with Bee
keeping in
addition to above)
Crops + Dairy +
Poultry+ Fisheries
FIELD CROP
Use of local and poor quality seed
Imbalance use of fertilizer
Irrigation facilities are vary limited due to electricity.
Improper use of plant protection measures
DAIRY
Local breeds of cows ,buffaloes and goats
Lack of knowledge of balance nutrition.
Non availability of financial assistance
FISHERIES
Lack of good quality of fingerlings.
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi – CRIDA, Hyderabad
AGRO CLIMATIC REGION 5 – LOWER GANGETIC PLAIN
ECF/OFR
Centers
Existing
Farming
Systems
Constraints identified
Kalyani (W.B.)
Shekhaupur
(W.B.)
Crops alone
NR- 16888
Crops +Hort.+D+
Ducks+ Fish
NR- 50663
Rice+Fish
Crops + Dairy +
Banana
intercropped with
tuberose
Crops+Hort.+Anim
al+Ducks+Fish
FISHERY
1. Improper stock management.
2. Inadequate supplementary feeding.
3. Rearing of local verities result
in low growth rate and more period
4. Rice+Fish simultaneousely give poor yield as compared to rice-fish cultivation in rotation
DAIRY
1. Imbalanced feeding
2. Diseases and repeat breeding
3. More dry period
4. Low yielding milch animals are reared
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi – CRIDA, Hyderabad
AGRO CLIMATIC REGION 6 – EASTERN HIMALAYAN REGION
ECF/OFR
Centers
Existing Farming Systems Constraints identified
1. Jorhat
(Assam)
2. Tinsukia
(Assam)
Rainfed
F1 Crop +dairy+fishery+poultry
F2 Crop+dairy+goatery
F3 Crop+dairy+goatery+pigeon
Irrigated
F4 Crop +piggery+poultry+duckery+pigeon
F5 Crop+dairy+fishery+goatery+duckery+pigeon
F6 Crop+dairy+fishery+goatery+duckery
CROP
Lower cropping intensity
Need of quality seed of HYV
Imbalance use of fertilizer.
Inadeqate plant protection .
Non adoption of improved
packages of practice
DAIRY
Imbalanced feeding
Low milk yield due to foot and mouth disease and render pest..
POULTRY
Non-availability of cheeks.
In adequate use of feed.
FISHERY
Improper stock management.
Inadequate supplementary feeding.
Rearing of local verities result in low growth rate and more period
HORTICULTURE
Citrus canker and panama disease
Estern Hmalyqan region
13997 21132
41042
160890
34539
63930
0
30000
60000
90000
120000
150000
180000
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6
Farming Systems
Ne
t re
turn
s R
s./h
a/y
ea
r
Rainfed
Irrigated
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi – CRIDA, Hyderabad
AGRO CLIMATIC REGION 7 – WESTERN DRY REGION
ECF/OFR
Centers
Existing
Farming
Systems
Constraints identified
Jodhpur
(Rajasthan)
Crops +Dairy
NR-11950
Crop+Dairy+Hort.
(Ber/Aonla)
NR- 16500
Crops + Dairy
(Sheep&Goats)
Agro forestry
(Crops in between
the fuel cum
fodder
tree species like
Prosophis juliflora,
P.Cineraria
Crop+Dairy+Hort.
(Ber fruits)
CROPS
Rainfed agriculture-insufficient and unassuremoisture during grand period of crop growth is a common phenomenon.
High risk and as such mixed cropping is practiced with less care and scientific management.
Imbalanced use of nutrient and no use of micro-nutrient
Lack of Technological Know how
SHEEP & GOAT
Indigenous local breeds with less production of milk and wool
Malnutrition and Reduced grazing area.
HORTICULTURE
Moisture deficit at initial establishment
Non- availability of genuine fruit plant seedlings
Wild animal damage
Market not available in near vicinity of the villages
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi – CRIDA, Hyderabad
48
00
0
91
50
0
49
26
6
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000
Ne
t re
turn
s R
s./h
a/y
ea
r
Crop C+D C+D+H
Farming Systems
CENTRAL PLATUE AND HILL REGION
AGRO CLIMATIC REGION 8 – CENTRAL PLATEAU & HILL REGION
ECF/OFR Centers Existing Farming
Systems
Constraints identified
1. Udaipur, MPUAT,
(Rajasthan)
2. Durgapura,
Raj. Agric. Univ.,
Durgapura,
(Rajasthan)
3. Kundeshwar,
JNKVV Tikamgarh
(M.P.)
4. ECF, Chhindwara,
J.NKVV, Jabalpur,
M.P.
Crops + Dairy
Crops +
Horticulture
Crops + Dairy +
Sheep/goat
Crops + Dairy+
Hort./ Poultry
FIELD CROPS
Non-availability of newly developed HYV seeds.
Imbalanced use of fertilizers.
Lack of knowledge of improved package of practices.
DAIRY
Lack of cross breed and exotic breed animals.
Lack of AI and medical facilities for cattle.
HORTICULTURE
Lack of availability of improved good planting materials suitable for local condition.
Imbalance use of fertilizer.
Lack of knowledge of improved package of practices.
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi – CRIDA, Hyderabad
AGRO CLIMATIC REGION 9 – WESTERN PLATUE AND HILL REGION
ECF/OFR Centers Existing Farming
Systems
Constraints identified
1.ECF, Ambajogai, Dist.
Beed,
Marathwara
Agric. Univ.
Parbhani
(Maharastra)
2. ZARS,Igatpuri, Dist.
Nasik, MPKV,
Rahuri (Maharastra)
Crops + Dairy
Crops + Dairy + Hort.+
+Agroforestery/Fishery
Crops + Hort. + poultry/
Silvipastoral
Crops + Dairy + BYP
Crops + Dairy +
Hort.(Veg.& grapes)
FIELD CROPS
Imbalance use of fertilizers,
Improper sowing distance.
Soil fertility degrading.
Crop failure due to weather fluctuation.
Low/light plant protection .
DAIRY
Poor health and nutritional status of animal
Non availability of green fodder in summer
In fertility and more dry period (6 months)
FRUIT CROPS
Biological control of pest$ disease of grapes
for export is essential but not done.
Stabilization of hormonal doses of growth regulator for grape is not proper.
VEGETABLES
Poor storage structure for onion.
Poor Agro techniques for increasing water and fertilizer efficiency.
1791
8
6800
0
2905
8
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
Net
ret
urns
Rs.
/ha/
year
Crop C+D+H C+D+P
Framing Systems
WESTERN PLATUE AND HILL REGION
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi – CRIDA, Hyderabad
AGRO CLIMATIC REGION 10 – EASTERN PLATUE AND HILL REGION
ECF/OFR
Centers
Existing Farming
Systems
Constraints identified
1.ECF, Sindewahi,
Dist. Chandrapur,
Akola (Maharastra)
2. ECF,
Bhawanipatna,
Dist. Kalahandi,
OUAT, (Orrisa)
Crops + Dairy + Hort.
Crops Fish+Dairy +
Veg.
Crops + Fish+D+ Hort.
Crops + Banana +
Dairy+
Fish+Poultry
FIELD CROP
Need of supply of quality seed of
improved variety seed
Imbalance use of fertilizer.
Inadequate plant protection measures
DAIRY
Inadequate use of feed.
Preventive measures against diseases not
undertaken.
POULTRY
Non-availability of day old quality chicks.
In adequate use of feed.
FISHERY
Improper stock management.
Inadequate use of supplementary feeding.
77769
38965
38108
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
Net
retu
rns R
s./h
a/y
ear
C+B+D+F+P C+F+D+Veg C+F+D+H
Farming Systems
EASTERN PLATUE AND HILL REGION
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi – CRIDA, Hyderabad
AGRO CLIMATIC REGION 11– EAST COAST PLAIN & HILL REGION
ECF/OFR Centers Existing Farming Systems Constraints identified
1. Miryalaguda.
Nalgonda (A.P.)
2.ECF,
Bhawanipatna
&Ranital OUAT,
Bhubneshwar,
(Orrisa)
3. ECF,
,Tindivanam,,
VridhachalamTNA
U, (Tamilnadu
Crops + Dairy
Crops + Dairy + Fruits
banana/citrus
Crops+Fish+Dairy+Vegetables
Crops + Fishery+Dairy +Hort.
Crops +Fish+ Dairy +
Hort./poultry
Crops + dairy
FIELD CROP
Lower cropping intensity
Need of quality seed of HYV
Imbalance use of fertilizer.
Inadequate plant protection .
Non adoption of improved
packages of practice
DAIRY
Imbalanced feeding
Low milk yield due to foot
and mouth disease and render pest..
POULTRY
Non-availability of chicks.
In adequate use of feed.
FISHERY
Improper stock management.
Inadequate supplementary feeding.
Rearing of local verities result
in low growth rate and more period
HORTICULTURE
Citrus cancer and panama disease10
87
8
62
99
2
48
93
9
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
Ne
t re
turn
s R
s./
ha
/ye
ar
Crop C+D C+D+H
Framing Systems
WESTERN PLATUE AND HILL REGION
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi – CRIDA, Hyderabad
AGRO CLIMATIC REGION 12– SOUTHERN PLATUE AND HILL REGION
ECF/OFR Centers Existing Farming
Systems
Constraints identified
Anakapalle,
APAU, Hyd. (A.P.)
Nipani, Distt.
Belgaum, UAS,
Dharwad
(Karnataka)
Hebbal, UAS,
Bangalore
(Karnataka)
Bheemarayanagudi,
Dist. Gulbarga,
UAS,Dharwad,
(Karnataka)
Crops
+Poultry/sheep/goat
Crops + Dairy +
Vegetables
Crops + Dairy + Orchard
Crops +
Cows/sheep/goat
+ poultry
Crops + Dairy / sheep /
goat / BYP / Silkworm
Coconut+Banana/Turme
ric / Ginger
FIELD CROPS
Failure of punaji rice , Non availability of rice varieties for late sowing & cold tolerant
Incidence of pest &disease. Non adoption and non availability of quality seed .Non practice of integrated nutrient management.
Inadequate ,untimely and scanty rainfall.
Shortage of own funds
Poor water management practices.
DAIRY
Inadequate and imbalanced usage of animal feed
Problem of disease.
Lack of sufficient fodder during summer.
Non availability of graded murrah buffaloes.
Large population of non-descript cow and buffaloes with poor genetic potential.
Non availability of medical facilities.
Non availability of enough grazing land.
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi – CRIDA, Hyderabad
ECF/OFR
Centers
Existing Farming
Systems
Constraints identified
Anakapalle,
APAU, Hyd. (A.P.)
Nipani, Distt.
Belgaum, UAS,
Dharwad
(Karnataka)
Hebbal, UAS,
Bangalore
(Karnataka)
Bheemarayanagudi,
Dist. Gulbarga,
UAS,Dharwad,
(Karnataka)
Coconut + Veg . /
flowers / forage crops
Coconut-mulberry
Crops+Dairy Crops +
Dairy+Hort.
Crops + Dairy/Goat
HORTICULYURAL CROP
Pest & disease
Poor integrated nutrient management
Lack of market information and intelligence.
Non availability of suitable varieties.
POULTRY
Non availability of day old chicks locally
Good quality feed is not availability.
SHEEP
Lack of technical guidance to the sheep
growers particularly in stall feeding.
Vaccination and other medical facilities
are not available.
AGRO CLIMATIC REGION 12– SOUTHERN PLATUE AND HILL REGION
.Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi – CRIDA, Hyderabad
49
40
0
92
43
0
94
46
5
22
12
9
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000
Ne
t re
turn
s R
s./h
a/y
ea
r
C+D C+D+H C+D+G C+D+S+G
Farming Systems
SOUTHERN PLATUE AND HILL REGION
AGRO CLIMATIC REGION 13 – WESTERN PLAIN & GHAT REGION
ECF/OFR
Centers
Existing Farming
Systems
Constraints identified
Anakapalle,
1.ECF,
Thrirupathisaram,
Kanyakumari,
TNAU, (TN)
2.ECF,Mulde,Tal,Kuda
l, Dist.Sindhudurg
Konkan
Region( Maharastra)
3. ECF,
Sadanandapuram,
CSR,Karmana,
KAU
Coconut + Veg . /
flowers / forage crops
Coconut-mulberry
Crops+Dairy
Crops + Dairy+Hort.
Crops + Dairy/Goat
FIELD CROP
Non -adoption of high yielding varieties and low seed replacement ratio.
Lack of irrigation facilities.
Insect pest & diseases.
DAIRY
Hot and humid climate require extra attention for livestock production.
Water shortage during summer and non-availability of green fodder.
HORTICULTURE
Small size and fragmented land holding.
In adequate knowledge and poor facilities of post harvest technology.
43750
49300
99375
143625
127225
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
Net
retu
rns R
s./h
a/y
ear
Crop Coco+Ban Co+B+D+F+P
Farming Systems
WESTERN PLAIN & GHAT REGION
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi – CRIDA, Hyderabad
AGRO CLIMATIC REGION 14 – GUJRAT PLAIN & HILL REGION
ECF/OFR Centers Existing Farming
Systems
Constraints identified
1. OFR, Vadodara,
AAU, Anand,
(Gujrat)
2. Jagudan, Dist.
Mehsana, SDAU,
(Gujrat)
Crops + Dairy
Crops + Dairy+ Hort.
+Poultry
Crops + Dairy/Hort.
(citrus & marigold)
FIELD CROPS
Imbalanced nutrition/ micronutrient
deficiency. Non adoption of IPM modules.
Poor quality & inadequate irrigation water.
Termite is a problem. High cost of pesticide
DAIRY
Imbalanced nutrition /malnutrition
Mineral mixture is not used .
Hygiene problems in milch animal.
ORCHARD/VEGETABLES
Gummosis and die back diseases in citrus.
Use of planting materials from non-reliable source of seed.
Improper marketing and processing
POULTRY
Use of indigenous/local breeds
Market instability. Hygiene problems
23400
31360
24087
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
Net
retu
rns R
s./
ha/y
ear
Crop C+D C+D+P
Farming Systems
GUJRAT PLAIN & HILL REGION
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi – CRIDA, Hyderabad
37614
59343
41286
49465
48450
77769
63750
99375
127225
97639
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
Net
pro
fit
Rs./
ha/y
ear
FS1 FS2 FS3 FS4 FS5 FS6 FS7 FS8 FS9 FS10
Treatments
Monetary returns under different Farming Systems practiced in different parts of
the countryFS1 Crops + Dairy
FS2 Crops + Dairy + Horticulture
FS3 Crops + Dairy + Poultry
FS4 Crops + Dairy + Goat
FS5 Crops +Fishery+ Dairy +Poultry
FS6 Crops + Dairy + Hort. +Poultry + Fish
FS7 Rice +Fish
FS8 Coconut + Banana
FS9 Coconut+ Banana + Cocoa + Pineapple+ Nutmeg
FS 10 Crops + Dairy + Hort. +Bee keeping + Fish
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi - CRIDA, Hyderabad
Economically most efficient farming systems in different Agro Climatic Regions
58485
51086
118225
29707
50663
22452
16500
91500
68000 7
7769
62992
94468
143625
31360
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
Ne
t re
turn
s (
Rs
/ha
/ye
ar)
ACR1 ACR2 ACR3 ACR4 ACR5 ACR6 ACR7 ACR8 ACR9 ACR10 ACR11 ACR12 ACR13 ACR14
Agro-climatic Regions
C+
D+
H
C+
D+
Ve
g.
C+
D+
F
C+
D+
P+
F
C+
H+
D+
Du
+F
C+
F+
Ve
g.
C+
D+
H
C+
D
C+
D+
H
C+
B+
D+
F+
P
C+
D
C+
D+
G
Co
c+
B+
Ve
g.+
H+
C+
D
C+
D
ACR1: Western Himalayan
ACR3: Upper Gangetic Plain
ACR5: Lower Gangetic Plain
ACR7: Western Dry Region
ACR9: Western Platue & Hill
ACR11: East Coast Plain & Hill
ACR13: Western Plain & Ghat
ACR2: Trans Gangetic Plain
ACR4: Middle Gangetic Plain
ACR6: Eastern Himalayan
ACR8: Central Plateau & Hill
ACR10: Eastern Platue & Hill
ACR12: Southern Platue & Hill
ACR14: Gujrat Plain & Hill
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi – CRIDA, Hyderabad
Rainfed Integrated Farming
System Models
Integrated Farming System for Northern Telangana Zone
Resource flow in integrated farming system (crop+ dairy + draught animals) of a
marginal farmer (B. Kistu) in Seethagondhi, Adilabad (Northern Telangana Zone)
Farmers’ Practice: Crop (1 ha) + 2 draught animals : Rs 17,030
Resource flow in integrated farming system (crop+ draught animals +
dairy + small ruminants) of a small farmer
Integrated Farming System for Central Telangana Zone
Farmers’ Practice: Crop (2 ha) + 2 draught animals : Rs 37,215
S.No. Particulars Amount (Rs.)
1 Gross returns 1,30,450
2 Total cost of cultivation of crop (a) 23,600
Cost of digging of pond (b) 35000
3 Net returns accrued from production of
tomatoes (1-2a)
107,350
Net returns accrued after recovering cost of
farm pond [1-2(a+b)]
72,350
(Rs 3,61,750
/ha)
4 (a) BCR based on total cost of cultivation of
crop
5.53
(b) BCR based on total cost of cultivation
including cost of pond
2.23
Impact of farm pond on net returns accrued from production
of tomatoes (in 0.5 acre land)
Sustainable IFS module for a marginal farmer
(1.0 ha) in rainfed areas of Southern Tamil Nadu
IFS model: crop + dairy + poultry + goat
AICRPDA - Kovilpatti
Farming system Net income
(Rs/ha/year)
Benefit:
cost ratio
Employment
(man-
days/ha/year)
Sustainability
index
Crop alone 2057 1.28 185 -23.0
Crop + goat (4) + poultry (20) 8274 1.92 297 12.3
Crop + goat (4) + poultry (20) +
dairy (1)
14208 1.72 343 46.1
Crop + goat (4) + poultry (20) +
sheep (6)
7265 1.47 343 6.6
Crop + goat (4) + poultry (20) +
sheep (6)
17598 1.75 389 65.3
Integrated Farming System
Models for Eastern Himalayan
Region
Integrated farming system (Fishery + Piggery + Vegetables)
No. of
farmers
benefitt
ed
Area (ha) yields*(q/ha) Economics of
demonstration (Rs./ha)
Gros
s
Cost
Gross
Retur
n
Net
Retur
n
BCRAfter
interve
ntion
Before
interv
ention
Demo Local
practic
e
10 0.15 0.1(Fishery+Pigg
ery) Fish
yield=1.95q/u
nit Pig meat=
0.70q/unit
Cabbage=63q
Fish
yield
=0.50q
314
005960
0
2820
0
1.89
:1
Jaintia
hills
Integrated Farming System Model
Problems: Low income and risk from mono cropping
system Intervention: Pond based farming system
Existing IFS model- 5 nos ( 16 x14 x2.5 cubicmetre)
Newly developed IFS model -2 nos( 16x 14 x2.5
cubicmetre)
Introduced fish(@ 8500 nos/ha + 10 ducks + 20
banana(G-9) in each model
Banana 82 tons/ha
Fish yield: 3.72q/ IFS/year
Egg: 715 nos/IFS/year
Average Net Return : Rs 25,345/IFS/year
B:C ratio: 3.82
Impact
Westgaro
hills
Title Duck cum Fish farming
Area 0.13 ha
No. Of Demonstrations 5
No. Of Beneficiaries 5
Result / Status After 5 months average body weight of khaki campbell
is
Male-2.5 kg, Female- 1.9 kg.
Performance of Local
Check
After 5 months average body weight of Local duck is
Male-1.7kg, Female- 1.4 kg.
Integrated Farming System (IFS) with Fish and Duck Cach
ar
Pig-cum-fish Integrated Farming System
Demonstrated 2 IFS with pig breed Hampshire X Local (2F+1M=3)Fish: Indian carp (Catla, Rohu and Mrigal)Floor space area- 3sqm/ pig Side walls made of wooden plank with tin roof & floor with one foot deep saw dustStocking density of 8000 fingerlings/ ha Average pond size: 0.1 ha/unitYield of fish: 105 kg/0.1 ha and 8 pigletsAvg Net return Rs. 34,570/unit/yr with B:C ratio 2.05
Achievement for Resilience to climate
Improvement in productivity
Before Intervention After Intervention
Fish Production: 65kg/ 0.1 ha/yr
(without integration of pig)
Body weight gain :148g/pig/day
Fish production: 108 kg/0.1ha/yr
Ri-bhoi
DUCK CUM FISH INTEGRATED FARMING
No. of farmers involved
11
Number of animal 20
ducks/unit
ECONOMICS OF LOCAL
Gross cost Gross Return Net Return BCR
11200 14580 3380 1.30
ECONOMICS OF DEMONSTRATIONPER UNIT
Gross cost Gross Return Net Return BCR
17460 31960 14500 1.83
Production parametersDemo Local
Egg production: 10
nos./bird /month
Fish Production: 92 kg
Fish Production:81kg
(without integration)
Breed: Khaki Campbell cross
Floor space- 1 sqft/duck
Duck stocking- 200 duckling/ ha
Fish stocking- 6000 fingerlings/ ha
Ri-
bhoi
Demonstration on Integrated Duck cum Fish
Farming
No. of Unit No. of Farmer
3 3
Problem : Mortality of bird
during flood
Dhubr
i
Interven
tions
Techno
logy
demonstrate
Critical
input
(Variety,
Fertilizer
/
Chemical
s doses,)
No
.
of
far
me
rs
Are
a
(ha)
/Un
it/
No.
Measurable
indicators of output
%
incre
ase
Economics (Rs./ha)
Demo Local Gross
Cost
Gross
Retur
n
Net
Retur
n
BCR
Manageme
nt of fish
ponds /
tanks
during
water
scarcity
and
excess
water
Renovation of
dykes of
ponds and
demonstratio
n on
integrated
fish cum
horticultural
system
Plant
saplings,
fingerling
s
3 0.4 26.25
q/ha
18.75
q/ha
40.0 11950
0
(Demo
)
26250
0
(Demo
)
14300
0
(Demo
)
2.19
(Dem
o)
11850
0
(Local)
18750
0
(Local)
69000
(Local)
1.58
(Local
)
Integrated
fish cum
duck
farming
IFS Fish,
Duckling
s
6 6.0 26.25
q/ha
(Fish)
120
eggs/bird
/ year
18.75q/h
a (Fish)
40.0 15700
0
(Demo
)
45450
0
(Demo
)
29750
0
(Demo
)
2.89
(Dem
o)
11850
0
(Local)
18750
0
(Local)
69000
(Local)
1.58
(Local
)
Dhubri (2012-13)Integrated fish and horticulture system in Assam
Technology demonstrated : Integrating duck and fish
farming (a unit of 20 ducks over a pond of 5 cents)
Number of units: 25
Measurable indicators
Demonstration Check
Egg production 4300 eggs/year from a
unit of 20 ducks
3650 eggs/from 20 back yard
Ducks
Fish production 50
kg/ unit of 5 cents
40
kg/ unit of 5 cents
Integrated fish and duck farming system
Problem : Monoculture of fish/duck and lower income
Alleppey (2012-13)
Economics of demonstration (Rs./unit)
Gross cost Gross return Net return BCR
Demonstration 23600 43990 20397 1.86
Check 26500 35300 8800 1.33
Alleppey (2012-13)
Techno
logy
demonstrate
Critical input
(Variety,
Fertilizer /
Chemicals
doses,)
No. of
farme
rs
Area
(ha)/
Unit
Measurable
indicators of
output*
%
increas
e
Economics (Rs./ha)
Gross
Cost
Gross
Return
Net
Return
BCR
Demo Local
Integrated
fish cum duck
farming
system
Fish 02 2
ponds
/0.4
1.1 ton/ha
and 203
kg of duck
meat in 5
months
0.80
ton/ha
in 5
months
37.5 %
in case
of fish
yield
10114
3
(Demo)
172600
(Demo)
71457
(Demo)
1.71
(Demo)
57143
(Local)
96000
(Local)
38857
(Local)
1.68
(Local)
Dimapur (2013-14)Integrated fish cum duck farming system
Resource utilization in the existing farming system through
Integrated Fish cum Duck Farming
Intervention No. of
farmer
Unit/
No. /
Area
(ha)
Economics of demonstration
(Rs./ha)
Economics of Check
(Rs./ha)
Gross
Return
Net Return BCR Gross
Return
Net Return BCR
Integrated
Farming
System
8 8 units 576000 478000 5.59 420000 329800 4.65
Dhubri (2014-
15)
Integration of Duck and Pig farming.
Problems: mono cropping of fish in ponds
Intervention: Fishery based farming system
The total number of 80 ducklings and 4
piglets were distributed to two farmers for
integration of animal component for additional
income.
Impact
Year Technology
Demonstrated
Variety Area
(Ha)/
No. of farmer
Measurable indicators
of output
%
increas
eDemo Local
2014-15 Assess the
performance of
Chara Chambelli
Duckling 02 (40
duckling)/2
2.23
kg/duck
1.80 kg/duck 23.88
Integrated farming
system
Hampshire
X piglet and
pigsty
2/2 Ongoing
Economics of demo (Rs./ ha) Economics of local(Rs./ ha)
Gross Cost (Rs.) Net Return (Rs.) BCR Gross Cost (Rs.) Net Return (Rs.) BCR
240 160 1.6:1 240 110 1.45:1
Dimapur (2014-
15)
Way Forward
• Large Scale Upscaling
• Linking with Government Programmes
• Conservation Agriculture based farming
systems
• Precision farming for efficient resource use
• Value addition and marketing
Thank You
for your kind attention…….
NRM division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi