integrated water resources management in malaysia
DESCRIPTION
Presentation by Datuk Ir. Keizrul bin Abdullah, Chair GWP South East Asia Steering Committee, 7 December 2004 at International Conference on IWRM in Tokyo.TRANSCRIPT
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Datuk Ir. Keizrul bin AbdullahChair
GWP South East Asia Steering CommitteeGWP-SEA SC
7 December 2004
Integrated Water Resources Management in Malaysia
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MALAYSIA
JAPAN
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MALAYSIA
Equator
Located in Humid Tropics Developing country - GDP US$ 3,800
(1/10th Japan)
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CloudClimate - Tropical weather all year round
Temperature 21°C to 32°C
CLIMATECLIMATE
Humidity Ave. 80%
Rainfall 3,000 mm
Distinct dry and rainy seasons
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Dec 2004 Water Resources availability
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0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
Europe 3,210
Asia 14,410
Africa 4,570
North America 8,200
South America 11,760
Oceania 2,388
World 44,540
Malaysia 990
Runoff (cu. Km per year)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Europe 18
Asia 13
Africa 19
North America 53
South America 108
Oceania 252
World 24
Malaysia 47
Availability (cu. M per person per day)
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PROBLEMS AND ISSUESPROBLEMS AND ISSUES
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PROBLEMS AND ISSUESPROBLEMS AND ISSUES
1) Water Shortages
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Projected Annual Water Use in Malaysia
7.4 9.0 10.4 10.4 10.4
1.52.9
4.4
9.68.9
11.9
14.8
16.9
20.0
6.5
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Year
Wa
ter
De
ma
nd
(b
illio
n m
3 )
Total
Domestic & Industry
Irrigation
Projected Annual Water Use in Malaysia
7.4 9.0 10.4 10.4 10.4
1.52.9
4.4
9.68.9
11.9
14.8
16.9
20.0
6.5
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Year
Wa
ter
De
ma
nd
(b
illio
n m
3 )
Total
Domestic & Industry
Irrigation 4 %
Water Use
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Water Crisis
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Seasonal Variation in Annual RainfallSeasonal Variation in Annual Rainfall
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PROBLEMS AND ISSUESPROBLEMS AND ISSUES
1) Water Shortages
2) Flooding
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Flood victims being evacuated
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• Flooded area - 29,720 km²
• 9 % of the total land area of Malaysia
Flood ImpactsFlood Impacts
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LumpurKuala
S.Linggi
KELANTAN
Ipoh
Shah Alam
S.Perak
S.Bernam
Seremban
S.Klang
SELANGOR
Kangar
Alor Setar
George Town
PINANGPULAU
LANGKAWIPULAU
S.Muda
KEDAH
PERLIS
PERAK
THAILAND
S.Rompin
SINGAPORE
Kuantan
S.Pahang
S.Cukai
S.Muar
S.Batu Pahat
S.Benut
PAHANG
SEMBILANNEGERI
MELAKA
MelakaS.Melaka
JOHOR
S.Kuantan
S.Johor
BahruJohor
S.Endau
S.Dungun
Kuala Terengganu
Kota Bharu
TERENGGANU
S.Kelantan
S.Terengganu
Flood Prone Areas in Peninsular Malaysia
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S.Rejang
S.Sadong
S.Rejang
S.Sadong
S.SarawakS.SarawakKucingKucing
SARAWAK
S.BaramS.Baram
LAB UAN
Kota KinabaluKota Kinabalu
SABAH
S.KinabatanganS.Kinabatangan
FLOOD PRONE AREA (EAST MALAYSIA)
Flood Prone Areas in Sabah & Sarawak
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• Flooded Area - 29,720 km²
• 9 % of the total land area of Malaysia
• 4.9 million (20 %) people affected
Flood ImpactsFlood Impacts
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• Flooded Area - 29,720 km²
• 9 % of the total land area of Malaysia
• 4.9 million (20 %) people affected
• Average annual flood damage for country is estimated at RM 1 billion (US$ 263 million)
Flood ImpactsFlood Impacts
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PROBLEMS AND ISSUESPROBLEMS AND ISSUES
1) Water Shortages
2) Flooding
3) Polluted Water
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Ref: Malaysia Environmental Quality Report 2002
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RIVERS PROVIDE 97 %
OF ALL THE WATER USED IN MALAYSIA
RIVERS PROVIDE 97 %
OF ALL THE WATER USED IN MALAYSIA
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PROBLEMS AND ISSUESPROBLEMS AND ISSUES
1) Water Shortages
2) Flooding
3) Polluted Water
4) River Sedimentation
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Dec 2004 Hills cleared for Agriculture
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Dec 2004 Uncontrolled Land Clearing
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Erosion
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Siltation in rivers
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PROBLEMS AND ISSUESPROBLEMS AND ISSUES
1) Water Shortages
2) Flooding
3) Polluted Water
4) River Sedimentation
5) Policy Issues
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• Perceived abundance of water lower priority on national agenda
• Federal, State, Local governments involved in various aspects of water
• No national policy on water
• Inadequate financial allocation
• Poor understanding of economic tools and instruments; privatisation
• Emphasis on resource utilization rather than resource conservation (supply enhancement cf demand management)
Policy Issues
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Production capacity and water demand (mld) (Kuala Lumpur and Selangor)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
600019
98
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Pro
duct
ion a
nd d
eman
d (m
ld)
Water demand Production capacity
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PROBLEMS AND ISSUESPROBLEMS AND ISSUES
1) Water Shortages
2) Flooding
3) Polluted Water
4) River Sedimentation
5) Policy Issues
6) Legal Issues
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• Over-abundance of sectoral-based water laws
• Laws govern use rather than protection of resources
• Many laws outdated, redundant or ambiguous; conflicts / overlaps common
• Lack of comprehensive water law
• Inadequate penalities
• Malaysian Constitution
• Land and water state matters
• Rivers within jurisdiction of State
Legal Issues
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PROBLEMS AND ISSUESPROBLEMS AND ISSUES
1) Water Shortages
2) Flooding
3) Polluted Water
4) River Sedimentation
5) Policy Issues
6) Legal Issues
7) Institutional Issues
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• Little or no formal mechanism to integrate and co-ordinate activities on water
• Numerous Ministries and Departments
• regulate & manage various water sectors
• duplication of efforts; gaps
• competition and conflict
• No Apex organisations
• Little or no public participation
• Growing recognition on need for proper management and coordinated efforts to integrate various disciplines throughout whole development cycle
Institutional Issues
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Growing recognition that IWRM
(Integrated Water Resources
Management) is crucial
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INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT
INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT
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Integrated Water Resources Management
Defined as :“co-ordinated management of resources in
natural environment (water, land, flora, fauna)based on river basin as a geographical unit,
with objective of balancing man’s needswith necessity of conserving resources
to ensure their sustainability”
DEFINITIONDEFINITION
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• Geared towards integrating and coordinating policies, programs and practices
• Addresses water related issues• Requires improved professional
capability• Increased financial, legislative,
managerial and political capacity
IWRMIWRM
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IWRM PERSPECTIVE
Structure
EconomicEfficiency Equity
EnvironmentalSustainability
Management Instruments
EnablingEnvironment
InstitutionalFrameworks
Managing Water for Sustainablity
Principles
Ref: GWP
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MALAYSIA’S EXPERIENCE IN
IWRM
MALAYSIA’S EXPERIENCE IN
IWRM
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IWRM PERSPECTIVE
Structure
EconomicEfficiency Equity
EnvironmentalSustainability
Management Instruments
EnablingEnvironment
InstitutionalFrameworks
Managing Water for Sustainablity
Principles
Ref: GWP
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IWRM PERSPECTIVE
Structure
EconomicEfficiency Equity
EnvironmentalSustainability
Management Instruments
EnablingEnvironment
InstitutionalFrameworks
Managing Water for Sustainablity
Principles
Ref: GWP
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Enabling EnvironmentEnabling Environment
1) Water Vision
“In support of Vision 2020 (towards achieving developed nation status)
Malaysia will conserve and manage its water resources to ensure adequate and safe water for all (including the
environment)”
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Enabling EnvironmentEnabling Environment
1) Water Vision
2) National Water Resources Council formed in 1998
• Chaired by Prime Minister
• Federal and State represented
• Policy making body
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Enabling EnvironmentEnabling Environment
1) Water Vision
2) National Water Resources Council formed in 1998
3) National Water Policy being formulated
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Enabling EnvironmentEnabling Environment
1) Water Vision
2) National Water Resources Council formed in 1998
3) National Water Policy being formulated
4) 2 - prong approach to water resources
• Water as a resource planning, integrated and holistic approach
• Water as a service efficiency, improving service delivery
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IWRM PERSPECTIVE
Structure
EconomicEfficiency Equity
EnvironmentalSustainability
Management Instruments
EnablingEnvironment
InstitutionalFrameworks
Managing Water for Sustainablity
Principles
Ref: GWP
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Institutional FrameworkInstitutional Framework
1) Re-engineering of Ministries
• Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment water as a resource
• Ministry of Energy, Water and Communications water as a utility
• Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industries water for food
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Institutional FrameworkInstitutional Framework
1) Re-engineering of Ministries
2) Apex organization formed Selangor Water Management Authority (SWMA)
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- main focus area for LUAS - next focus area for LUAS - service providers and private sectors
SWMAResearch
CorporateServices Regulatory
RegionalOffices
Development&
O & M
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION SWMA
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION SWMA
Planning
Monitoring
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FUNCTIONS OF SWMAFUNCTIONS OF SWMA
“To carry out planning and research for the development, allocations and
utilisation of water resources, protection and conservation of
aquatic eco-system including flood and droughts impact mitigation”
1. PLANNING AND RESEARCH
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FUNCTIONS OF SWMAFUNCTIONS OF SWMA
2. DEVELOPMENT AND O & M
“To regulate/ manage the development and O & M of water
resources related infrastructures”
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FUNCTIONS OF SWMAFUNCTIONS OF SWMA
3. REGULATORY AND ENFORCEMENT
“To establish and implement regulations and carry out monitoring and enforcement on allocations and
utilisation of water resources, protection and conservation of
aquatic eco-system including flood and drought impact mitigation”
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Institutional FrameworkInstitutional Framework
1) Re-engineering of Ministries
2) Apex organization formed Selangor Water Management Authority (SWMA)
3) Malaysian Water Partnership (MyWP)
• Network of organisations/institutions committed to the Dublin principles
• 67 institutional members from Government departments, Private companies, Associations, NGOs
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Institutional FrameworkInstitutional Framework
1) Re-engineering of Ministries
2) Apex organization formed Selangor Water Management Authority (SWMA)
3) Malaysian Water Partnership (MyWP)
4) MyCapNet capacity building network
• MSc course on IWRM approved
• Working on module for public sector
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Institutional FrameworkInstitutional Framework
1) Re-engineering of Ministries
2) Apex organization formed Selangor Water Management Authority (SWMA)
3) Malaysian Water Partnership (MyWP)
4) MyCapNet capacity building network
5) Water Services Reform
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• To develop a sustainable water services industry
• Formation of a central regulatory body National Water Services Commission
• To regulate for long term benefit of consumer
• To enhance economic and technical efficiency in supply and delivery of water and sewerage services
• To ensure affordable services
• To establish transparent and effective system of governance
Water Services Reform
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IWRM PERSPECTIVE
Structure
EconomicEfficiency Equity
EnvironmentalSustainability
Management Instruments
EnablingEnvironment
InstitutionalFrameworks
Managing Water for Sustainablity
Principles
Ref: GWP
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Management InstrumentsManagement Instruments
1) Legal instruments
• Comprehensive Water Law (under discussion)
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Management InstrumentsManagement Instruments
1) Legal instruments
• Comprehensive Water Law (under discussion)
• Zoning/protecting catchment areas
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Management InstrumentsManagement Instruments
1) Legal instruments• Comprehensive Water Law (under discussion)
• Zoning/protecting catchment areas
• Better enforcement
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Management InstrumentsManagement Instruments
1) Legal instruments
2) Financial instruments
• Huge investments needed to improve water sector
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Management InstrumentsManagement Instruments
1) Legal instruments
2) Financial instruments
• Huge investments needed to improve water sector
• Privatisation Pricing issues - cost recovery to be tied to level of service
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Management InstrumentsManagement Instruments
1) Legal instruments
2) Financial instruments
• Huge investments needed to improve water sector
• Privatisation Pricing issues - cost recovery to be tied to level of service
• Water tariffs conservation, affordability
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Management InstrumentsManagement Instruments
1) Legal instruments
2) Financial instruments
3) Planning instruments
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World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) J’burg 2002
World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) J’burg 2002
WSSD Plan of Action
• “To develop integrated water resource management and water efficiency plans by 2005”
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Management InstrumentsManagement Instruments
1) Legal instruments
2) Financial instruments
3) Planning instruments
• IWRM plans
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Management InstrumentsManagement Instruments
1) Legal instruments
2) Financial instruments
3) Planning instruments
• IWRM plans IRBM plans
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All aspect of development has impact on the river
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DAM(JPS)DAM(JPS)
IRRIGATION (JPS)
IRRIGATION (JPS)
FLOOD MITIGATION
(JPS)
FLOOD MITIGATION
(JPS)
DRAINAGE
(JPS)
DRAINAGE
(JPS)
RECREATIONRECREATION
RIVER CONSERVATION & REHABILITATIONS
RIVER CONSERVATION & REHABILITATIONS
WATER QUALITY WATER QUALITY
RIVER CORRIDOR
DEVELOPMENT
RIVER CORRIDOR
DEVELOPMENT NAVIGATIONNAVIGATION
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River Basin Master Plan
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NWRC (29th July 2003) River Basin Master Plans to be the Basis for
Development within a River Basin
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Management InstrumentsManagement Instruments
1) Legal instruments
2) Financial instruments
3) Planning instruments
4) Supply enhancement Demand management
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Management InstrumentsManagement Instruments
1) Legal instruments
2) Financial instruments
3) Planning instruments
4) Supply enhancement Demand management
5) Education and Public Awareness
• Public campaigns
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Dec 2004 Working with Mass Media
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Love Our Rivers Campaign
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Dec 2004 Campaign Materials
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Public participation
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Management InstrumentsManagement Instruments
1) Legal instruments
2) Financial instruments
3) Planning instruments
4) Supply enhancement Demand management
5) Education and Public Awareness
• Public campaigns
• Targeting the young
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Dec 2004 Water Box
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School children participating in River Watch Program
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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
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• As Malaysia develops, problems relating to water and environment is expected to intensify
• To ensure sustainable development, water resources need to be managed in an integrated and holistic manner
• Political and administrative framework and commitment vital to ensure success
• Management instruments are necessary
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
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Thank You
Domo Arigato