integrating know-how in the linked data cloud
DESCRIPTION
Presented at the Scottish Linked Data Interest Group workshop https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/3rd-scottish-linked-data-interest-group-workshop-registration-9568925915 Abstract: Know-how available on the Web, such as step-by-step instructions, is largely unstructured and isolated from other sources of online knowledge. To overcome these limitations, we propose extending to procedural knowledge the benefits that Linked Data has already brought to representing and retrieving declarative knowledge. We describe a framework for representing generic know-how as Linked Data and for automatically acquiring this representation from existing resources on the Web. This system also allows the automatic generation of links between different know-how resources, and between those resources and other online knowledge bases, such as DBpedia. We discuss the results of applying this framework to a real-world scenario and we show how it outperforms existing community-based integration efforts.TRANSCRIPT
Linking Data… what about Know-How?
Paolo ParetiPhD student at Edinburgh University
3rd Scottish Linked Data Interest Group workshop10 September 2014
Linked Data
Linked Data from Web Resources
Can the same be done for Know-How?
?
What?
What is Know-How in this Context?
What is Know-How in this Context?
What is Know-How in this Context?
What is Know-How in this Context?
Focus on Human Know-How:● instructions created by humans for humans● tasks where humans are (so far) the main agents
Some Important Propertiesof Human Know-How
Human Know-how can be:● vague (different interpretations)● erroneous● missing (common sense is often assumed)● distributed (related knowledge in different repositories)● diverse (multiple approaches, possibly contradicting)● evolving (knowledge changes, new knowledge is created)
Some Important Propertiesof Human Know-How
Human Know-how can be:● vague (different interpretations)● erroneous● missing (common sense is often assumed)● distributed (related knowledge in different repositories)● diverse (multiple approaches, possibly contradicting)● evolving (knowledge changes, new knowledge is created)
Why?
Why Human Know-How as Linked Data?
machineunderstandable
integration with other knowledge
better search and discovery
common sense task reasoning
automationsoftware/robotic
activity recognition
reusableopen data
immediatebenefits
futurebenefits
data
knowledge
Why Human Know-How as Linked Data?
machineunderstandable
integration with other knowledge
better search and discovery
common sense task reasoning
automationsoftware/robotic
activity recognition
reusableopen data
immediatebenefits
futurebenefits
data
knowledge
How?
How can Know-How be Represented?
How to notify a client that the requested order has been dispatched?
How can it be represented?
Procedure to notify a client that the order has been dispatched:
1. Make a copy of the dispatch receipt
2. Send the receipt to the client
3. Send a confirmation email to the client's email address
How can it be represented?
Procedure to notify a client that the order has been dispatched:
1. Make a copy of the dispatch receipt
2. Send the receipt to the client
3. Send a confirmation email to the client's email address
Linked Data
P0
How can it be represented?
Procedure to notify a client that the order has been dispatched:
1. Make a copy of the dispatch receipt
2. Send the receipt to the client
3. Send a confirmation email to the client's email address
Linked Data
P0
P1 P2 P3
How can it be represented?
Procedure to notify a client that the order has been dispatched:
1. Make a copy of the dispatch receipt
2. Send the receipt to the client
3. Send a confirmation email to the client's email address
Linked Data
P0
P1 P2 P3
?
How can it be represented?
Procedure to notify a client that the order has been dispatched: 1. Make a copy of the dispatch receipt
2. Send the receipt to the client
3. Send a confirmation email to the client's email address
Linked DataP0
P1 P2 P3How to send a receipt to the client: 1. Put the receipt in an A6 envelope
2. Write the client's delivery address
3. Send using a 1rst Class signed stamp
S0
S1 S2 S3
?
How can it be represented?
Procedure to notify a client that the order has been dispatched: 1. Make a copy of the dispatch receipt
2. Send the receipt to the client
3. Send a confirmation email to the client's email address
Linked DataP0
P1 P2 P3How to send a receipt to the client: 1. Put the receipt in an A6 envelope
2. Write the client's delivery address
3. Send using a 1rst Class signed stamp
S0
S1 S2 S3
Simple RDF vocabulary
Linked DataP0
P1 P2 P3
S0
S1 S2 S3
:P0 :has_step :P1 .:P0 :has_step :P2 .:P0 :has_step :P3 .
:P2 :has_method :S0 .
:S0 :has_step :S1 .:S0 :has_step :S2 .:S0 :has_step :S3 .
How can it be represented?
Procedure to notify a client that the order has been dispatched: 1. Make a copy of the dispatch receipt
2. Send the receipt to the client
3. Send a confirmation email to the client's email address
How to send a receipt to the client: 1. Put the receipt in an A6 envelope
2. Write the client's delivery address
3. Send using a 1rst Class signed stamp
How to notify a client that the order has been dispatched: 1. Make a copy of the dispatch
receipt
2. Send the receipt to the client
3. Send a confirmation email to the client's email address
How can it be represented?
Procedure to notify a client that the order has been dispatched: 1. Make a copy of the dispatch receipt
2. Send the receipt to the client
3. Send a confirmation email to the client's email address
How to send a receipt to the client: 1. Put the receipt in an A6 envelope
2. Write the client's delivery address
3. Send using a 1rst Class signed stamp
How to notify a client that the order has been dispatched: 1. Make a copy of the dispatch
receipt
2. Send the receipt to the client
a. Put the receipt in an A6 envelope
b. Write the client's delivery address
c. Send using a 1rst Class signed stamp
3. Send a confirmation email to the client's email address
Really?
Experiments and Results
Is it possible to extract the Linked data representation of procedures and then link it with other related knowledge?
1. Knowledge Extraction2. Knowledge Integration
Knowledge Extraction
Automatic knowledge extraction from semi-structured websites
Results (from crawling the WikiHow and Snapguide websites):● 211,696 extracted procedures● 2,609,236 extracted entities
Knowledge Integration
Two kinds of integration of know-how:● with existing Linked Data● with other know-how
Integration with existing Linked Data
Extracted Know-How
Dataset
How to make a pancake
2 eggs
requireshttp://de.dbpedia.org/page/Egg
is a
Integration with other Know-How
Extracted Know-How
Dataset
How to make a pancake
break the eggs
has stephas method
How to break an egg
Integration Process… in a nutshell
Extracted Know-How
DatasetLinks
Machine Learning
NLP
Know-How Integration:Results
Community Integration* Automatic Integration
Number of links 106,056 221,351
Precision 70.7% 87.3%
Coverage 27.5% 50.4%
Type of links HTML links RDF links
*Links manually generated by the WikiHow community
● It is possible to represent know-how as Linked Data● Linked Data can be useful in the human know-how domain
for a large number of applications● Experimental evidence has been provided in the use-case
of links generation
Know-How as Linked Data?
References:
Pareti Paolo, Ewan Klein, and Adam Barker. "A semantic web of know-how: linked data for community-centric tasks." Proceedings of the companion publication of the 23rd international conference on World wide web companion. International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee, 2014.
Pareti Paolo, Ryutaro Ichise, Benoit Testu, Ewan Klein, and Adam Barker “Integrating Know-How into the Linked Data Cloud” Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management (EKAW 2014), 24 - 28 November 2014, Linköping, Sweden (forthcoming)