integration of distributed energy resources in power systems pecas lopes

7/23/2019 Integration of Distributed Energy Resources in Power Systems Pecas Lopes

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FromK

nowledge

GenerationToScie

nce-based

Innovation

Integration of Distributed Energy Resouin Power Systems

J. A. Peas Lopes

Labora2014


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2

Introduction

Driving forces for the future development of the electsystems: 1) Environmental issues: (reduce emissions by replacing fossil generation

generation, reduce network losses), minimize visual impacts and land use 2) Replacement of old infrastructures(generation and grid)

3) Security of Supply

4) Increase quality of service(more automation and remote control)

5) Electricity market liberalization(energy and services)

1) Increase renewable generation (large facilities and distributed genera

2) Distributed Generation (renewables and cogeneration) 3) Exploitation of storage solutions

3) Active demand Side Management

4) Electric mobility deployment

1) Increase on monitoring and control through new communication infra

2) New management and control architectures


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Introduction


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Introduction : The Portuguese Case


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The Variability of the RE Generation

From REN:http://www.centrodeinformacao.ren.pt/PT/InformacaoExploracao/Paginas/EstatisticaDia

Different generation prof


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28 Outubro 2012 - domingo

Pump Storage in valley hours

3000 MW in valley hour

< 1000 MW in peak afte

Consumption : 11

Special Regime Production > 60

The variability of Renewable GenerationThe Variability of the RE Generation


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Consumption 128.3 GWh

--------------------------------------Hydro 66 GWh (

Wind 78 GWh (

Export 37 GWh (

29 March 2013 Friday (holiday)

The variability of Renewable GenerationThe Variability of the RE Generation


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Large Variability of Renewables Generation

Flexibility Load

Genera

Storag


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Changes in Load Diagrams

Germany 2012

Germany 2012: simulation with 53 GW of solar PVPeak load has changed

Increased flexibility from gas fired plants


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How to Tackle with Large Scale integration of

Increasing Flexibility From DER units

Wind generators and PV generation should be capable to provide ancillaradapt their operating points (deloading strategies)

Increasing the presence of storage

Increasing active load demand participation (including managing charginVehicle deployment) in the provision of ancillary servives and in helping grid

From Large Generation Units

Allow them to change operating points in a faster way

Increase efficiency in different operating regimes

Through the adoption of new technical and management tools

Better forecasting load and renewable generation

New Control architecturesMicrogrids / Multi-microigrids

Increase monitoring and control through new communication solutions


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Multi-Level Storage Management

Storage should be managed at different levels:System level

Distribution network

Low voltage dnetwork

Power qual

Avoid branc

Peak shaving

Reserves manag

Generation levelMarket participation

Provision of ancillary services (differen


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Community Energy Storage (CES)

the energy storage needs to follow the generation move tow

new paradigm based on distributed energy resources DER).

inserting energy storage systems in the low voltage LV) g

in the proximity of

prosu rs

, increases the global valu

storage solution.

due to the proximity with the costumers, this system is c

named Community Energy Storage CES).


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Storage at the distribution levelBAU

Reinforcement

needed

with Sustainable functiona

Reinforcement

postponed


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The effect of storage


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Energy and

Reserve Prices

Energy

Box

(Gateway)

Consumer

comfort

preferences

(kW)

(h)HEMS

Centr al

Unit

Smart

Meter

Control Signals

State of Operation

Smart Appliances

Gen

Module

Microge

neration

Aggregator

DSO

Flexibility

E

R

Residential Demand Response: The Smart Ho


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0

20

40

60

80

100

0:0

0

2:0

0

4:0

0

6:0

0

8:0

0

10:0

0

12:0

0

14:0

0

16:0

0

18:0

0

20:0

0

22:0

0

Temperature (C)

t

Day ahead flexibility estimation: Appliance Le

Flexibility is calculated taking into account:

The consumer patterns (hot water usage);

The physical characteristics of the appliance; Comfort constraints imposed by the consumer;

Energy price variation;

Remuneration offered for the reserve

provision.

HEM

en

n

EW S

z

Temperature Comfort limi

Baseline Demand

Flexible consumption to provide Reserve Services


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Day ahead flexibility estimation: Aggregation

Aggregation Algorithms:

Considering the reserve prices and the probability of reserve to

Aggregators can decide their bids to offer in the reserve markets for the

The decision process is based on the remuneration expected value and

risk.

HEMS

entral

ni t

HEMS

entral

ni t

HEMS

entral

ni t

FlexibilitykW

kW

kW

MW

Aggregator

Algorithms

Remuneration

probability distribution

Day ahead

Hourly Reserve

Prices

Probability of

downward res


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Day ahead flexibility estimation: DSO

Services to the DSO:

Residential consumersflexibility (upward and downward) is communicate

order to be used as a resource in the distribution network operation. DSO is capable of estimating the share of flexible and inflexible load in ea

day ahead load diagram.

HEMS

entral

nit

HEMS

entral

nit

HEMS

entral

nit

FlexibilitykW

kW

kW

DSO

G id t h i l bl d th i t b t lli l


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Chargingrate

Chargingra

te

Power

Reduce load

Reduce load

Power

Increase load

Increase load

Technical challengesIntegrated management of EV and RES

Grid technical problems and their management by controlling loa

consumption from EVS


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MicroGeneration (and Microgrids): Enabling SmartGrid

PV

Wind GenMV

LV M

Fuel Cell

Storage

DeviceMGCC

MC

MC

MC

MC

MC

LC

L

LC

LC

LC


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New concept Multi-Microgrids

Requires a higher level structure, at the MV level, consisting of LV Microgrid

units connected on several adjacent MV feeders

Microgrids, DG units and MV loads under DSM control can be considered a

for the purpose of control and management

Typicalurban MV/LVsubstation

0.4kV

20kV

630 kVA

630 kVA

2x630 kVA

400 kVA

630 kVA

1000 kVA

630 kVA

1000 kVA

400 kVA

2000 kVA

GSGS

630 kVA

630 kVA

2x630 kVA

400 kVA

630 kVA

1000 kVA

630 kVA

1000 kVA

400 kVA

2x1 MW1 MVA

Loop section(N.O. switch)

400 kVA

400 kVA

250 kVA

160kVA

250

kVA

160kVA

160kVA

16

25

400 kVA

400 kVA

250 kVA

uk=16%, Dyn1150/21 kV, 50 Hz, 40 MVA

12

150 kVSk=3000 MVA

MW, MWhrto be determined

TypicalruralMV/LVsubstation

0.4kV

20kV

CHP

Centralstorage

LV networkwith CHP

Evolution of the MicroGrid onceptThe Multi-Microgrid Concept


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Management of the Distribution Grid with D

EV

G

G

Storage

EV Charger

Owner preferences

Smart

Meter

DSO

Responsible for

the grid technical

operation

Each time interval of 15

min: bus where the DER

is connected, current DER

status. This information is

required from both

flexible and inflexible

DER.

Aggr

DER informatio

connected, pe

DER is ava

pref

Set-points related with DER adjustments

(only if negotiations with aggregators in

intra-day corrective markets were fruitless

and aggregators activities were

suspended). These set-points can be sent to

both flexible and inflexible DER.

Set-points related with

adjustments (only if

negotiations with the DSO in

intra-day corrective markets

were fruitful).

Intra-day Marke

Bids for se

excess o

or for b

extra e

Intra-day Corrective Markets

Requests to manage

DER in order to solve

the problems

detected.

Offers to manage DER,

in accordance with the

requests presented by

the DSO.


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Smart PlayersSmart

Generation

Smart

Storage

Smart

Consumption

Smart

Grid

Distribution system operators need

Flexibilityfrom consumers, DG and

(including new ancillary services)

h


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Future Research

Need for Operation reserves and their management

Determination of the correct generation mix

Advanced forecasting for wind and solar PV generation Need for faster markets

Evaluation of the demand response participation

Managing large scale storage solutions (concentrated and distributed)

Model aggregated RES/DER, flexible conventional generation, demand and stomarket design, market mechanisms and simulation tools for planning and ope

Validate the contribution of RES and DER to voltage and frequency control and

VPP concepts Exploit DER to increase resilience of the system when facing catastrophic event

Stochastic planning and operating tools

Regulation of Flexibility

Increse the articulation between TSO and DSO (exchange of information on intbuses, forecasts, ..) to enable ancillary and balancing services provision


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Thank you for your attention

integration of distributed energy resources in power systems pecas lopes

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