integument squamous cell carcinoma largest organ 30% of all …microanatomy.net/skin/integument...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Integument Squamous Cell Carcinoma Largest organ 30% of all …microanatomy.net/skin/Integument bkgd.pdf · 2005. 10. 6. · Mammary Gland • Compound tubuloalveolar gland • 15-20](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071219/6055fda6de0bca0d3d210f87/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Integument
• Largest organ• 30% of all clinical diagnoses• 1/3 of all tumors
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Melanoma
![Page 2: Integument Squamous Cell Carcinoma Largest organ 30% of all …microanatomy.net/skin/Integument bkgd.pdf · 2005. 10. 6. · Mammary Gland • Compound tubuloalveolar gland • 15-20](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071219/6055fda6de0bca0d3d210f87/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Epidermis• Stratified, squamous keratinized epithelium• Derived from ectoderm• Appendages
• hair follicles• nails• sweat glands• sebaceous glands• mammary glands
• Dermis• Dense, irregular connective tissue• Derived from dermatome of somites (mesoderm)
• Hypodermis• Superficial fascia
![Page 3: Integument Squamous Cell Carcinoma Largest organ 30% of all …microanatomy.net/skin/Integument bkgd.pdf · 2005. 10. 6. · Mammary Gland • Compound tubuloalveolar gland • 15-20](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071219/6055fda6de0bca0d3d210f87/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
•Papillary dermis: numerous cells• Fibroblasts
• loose collagentype III: reticular fiberstype VII: anchoring fibrils
• fine elastic fibers• Capillaries and
arteriovenous anastamoses• Immune system cells• Mechanoreceptors
• Free nerve endings• Meissner’s corpuscles• Krause’s corpuscles
•Reticular dermis: fewer cells• Fibroblasts
• type I collagen• thick elastic fibers
• Sweat glands• Hair follicles• Arrector pili muscles• Sebaceous gland• Mechanoreceptors
• Pacinian corpuscles• Ruffini corpuscles
![Page 4: Integument Squamous Cell Carcinoma Largest organ 30% of all …microanatomy.net/skin/Integument bkgd.pdf · 2005. 10. 6. · Mammary Gland • Compound tubuloalveolar gland • 15-20](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071219/6055fda6de0bca0d3d210f87/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Sensory Mechanoreceptorsin the Integument
MeissnerDermal papillaeLight touch
Free nerve endingsEpidermis and dermis
KrauseCold?Mechanical stimuli
PacinianReticular dermisPressureVibrationCourse touchTension
Ruffini (not shown)Tensile force
![Page 5: Integument Squamous Cell Carcinoma Largest organ 30% of all …microanatomy.net/skin/Integument bkgd.pdf · 2005. 10. 6. · Mammary Gland • Compound tubuloalveolar gland • 15-20](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071219/6055fda6de0bca0d3d210f87/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Meissener’s Corpuscle
Pacinian Corpuscle
![Page 6: Integument Squamous Cell Carcinoma Largest organ 30% of all …microanatomy.net/skin/Integument bkgd.pdf · 2005. 10. 6. · Mammary Gland • Compound tubuloalveolar gland • 15-20](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071219/6055fda6de0bca0d3d210f87/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Cell Types in Epidermis
• Keratinocytes:• intermediate filament is keratin
• Langerhans Cells• dendritic cells• present antigen • vermiform/Birbeck granules
• Merkel Cells: mechanoreceptors• Melanocytes: produce melanosomes
![Page 7: Integument Squamous Cell Carcinoma Largest organ 30% of all …microanatomy.net/skin/Integument bkgd.pdf · 2005. 10. 6. · Mammary Gland • Compound tubuloalveolar gland • 15-20](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071219/6055fda6de0bca0d3d210f87/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Keratinocyte Cytomorphosis• Stratum basale
• proliferative• Stratum spinosum
• desmosomes• lamellar/membrane-coating granules• involucrin
• Stratum granulosum • keratohyalin granules • filaggrin• organelle degradation begins
• Stratum lucidum• thick skin
• Stratum corneum
![Page 8: Integument Squamous Cell Carcinoma Largest organ 30% of all …microanatomy.net/skin/Integument bkgd.pdf · 2005. 10. 6. · Mammary Gland • Compound tubuloalveolar gland • 15-20](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071219/6055fda6de0bca0d3d210f87/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Thick Skin• Distinguish from thin skin
• Definition (based on epidermis)• Location (palms and soles)
• Identify layers
Dermal-Epidermal Junction• Basal lamina• Rete apparatus =
dermal papillae +epidermal ridges
Dermal papillae/ridge
Epidermal rete ridge
![Page 9: Integument Squamous Cell Carcinoma Largest organ 30% of all …microanatomy.net/skin/Integument bkgd.pdf · 2005. 10. 6. · Mammary Gland • Compound tubuloalveolar gland • 15-20](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071219/6055fda6de0bca0d3d210f87/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Stratum Spinosum
Malpighian layer =basal + spinous layers
Note tonofilamentsof desmosomes
Stratum BasaleNote melanin in keratinocytes
![Page 10: Integument Squamous Cell Carcinoma Largest organ 30% of all …microanatomy.net/skin/Integument bkgd.pdf · 2005. 10. 6. · Mammary Gland • Compound tubuloalveolar gland • 15-20](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071219/6055fda6de0bca0d3d210f87/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Melanocytes
• Melanin synthesized in melanosomes within melanocytes• Melanin in synthesized from tyrosine by tyrosinase enzyme • Tyrosinase activity is UV-inducible
• Cytocrine secretion of melanin granules into keratinocytes• Melanocyte is derived from neural crest
![Page 11: Integument Squamous Cell Carcinoma Largest organ 30% of all …microanatomy.net/skin/Integument bkgd.pdf · 2005. 10. 6. · Mammary Gland • Compound tubuloalveolar gland • 15-20](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071219/6055fda6de0bca0d3d210f87/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Epidermal Appendages• Glands
• Sweat• Eccrine• Apocrine
• Sebaceous• Mammary
• Hair follicles
• Nails
![Page 12: Integument Squamous Cell Carcinoma Largest organ 30% of all …microanatomy.net/skin/Integument bkgd.pdf · 2005. 10. 6. · Mammary Gland • Compound tubuloalveolar gland • 15-20](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071219/6055fda6de0bca0d3d210f87/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Eccrine Sweat Gland
• Simple coiled tubular gland• Sympathetic, cholinergic innervation• Duct
• Stratified cuboidal• Opens on surface of epidermis• Resorbs potassium, sodium and chloride ions• Excretes urea and lactic acid
• Secretory unit• Mixed cuboidal, columnar, and pseudostratified• Merocrine mechanism• Dark cells
mucous secretion• Clear cells
aqueous secretion intercellular canaliculibasal striations
• Contractile myoepithelial cells
![Page 13: Integument Squamous Cell Carcinoma Largest organ 30% of all …microanatomy.net/skin/Integument bkgd.pdf · 2005. 10. 6. · Mammary Gland • Compound tubuloalveolar gland • 15-20](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071219/6055fda6de0bca0d3d210f87/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Eccrine Sweat Gland
Secretoryportion
Duct
![Page 14: Integument Squamous Cell Carcinoma Largest organ 30% of all …microanatomy.net/skin/Integument bkgd.pdf · 2005. 10. 6. · Mammary Gland • Compound tubuloalveolar gland • 15-20](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071219/6055fda6de0bca0d3d210f87/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Apocrine Sweat Gland
• Simple or branched coiled tubular gland• Sympathetic, adrenergic innervation• Duct
• Stratified cuboidal• Opens into hair follicle
• Secretory unit• Large lumen stores secretion• Cuboidal or columnar• Merocrine mechanism• Odorless viscous secretion• Hormonally responsive, begin to function at puberty• Contractile myoepithelial cells
• Restricted distribution: axilla, anus, areola, auditory canal, eyelids
![Page 15: Integument Squamous Cell Carcinoma Largest organ 30% of all …microanatomy.net/skin/Integument bkgd.pdf · 2005. 10. 6. · Mammary Gland • Compound tubuloalveolar gland • 15-20](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071219/6055fda6de0bca0d3d210f87/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
SebaceousGland
• Branched tubuloalveolar gland• Duct
• Stratified squamous• Usually open into hair follicles
• Secretory unit• Acini contain small basal cells and large round cells that fill the lumen• Holocrine mechanism• Oily sebum secretion• Hormonally responsive
![Page 16: Integument Squamous Cell Carcinoma Largest organ 30% of all …microanatomy.net/skin/Integument bkgd.pdf · 2005. 10. 6. · Mammary Gland • Compound tubuloalveolar gland • 15-20](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071219/6055fda6de0bca0d3d210f87/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Hair Follicles
• Growth occurs by proliferation of keratinocytes in matrix of hair bulb
• Controlled by dermal papillae• Phases: Anagen, Catagen, Telogen• Hormonally responsive
• Melanocytes in matrix determine hair color• Arrector pili muscle connects to papillary dermis• Hard keratin filaments and trichohyalin
Layers (outside to inside):• Connective tissue sheath • Glassy membrane/basal lamina• External root sheath• Internal root sheath• Hair
• cuticle• cortex• medulla
![Page 17: Integument Squamous Cell Carcinoma Largest organ 30% of all …microanatomy.net/skin/Integument bkgd.pdf · 2005. 10. 6. · Mammary Gland • Compound tubuloalveolar gland • 15-20](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071219/6055fda6de0bca0d3d210f87/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Internal Root
Sheath
External Root
Sheath
Cuticle
Hair Follicles
Matrix
DermalPapilla
![Page 18: Integument Squamous Cell Carcinoma Largest organ 30% of all …microanatomy.net/skin/Integument bkgd.pdf · 2005. 10. 6. · Mammary Gland • Compound tubuloalveolar gland • 15-20](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071219/6055fda6de0bca0d3d210f87/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Nails
• Nail plate lies in nail fold• Eponychium at proximal fold forms nail cuticle• Lateral nail fold forms nail grooves
• Nail bed underlies nail plate• Nail root is in proximal nail fold • Growth occurs in the matrix • Matrix is visible through nail as lunula• Hyponychium lies under distal end of nail plate
![Page 19: Integument Squamous Cell Carcinoma Largest organ 30% of all …microanatomy.net/skin/Integument bkgd.pdf · 2005. 10. 6. · Mammary Gland • Compound tubuloalveolar gland • 15-20](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071219/6055fda6de0bca0d3d210f87/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Proximal Nail Fold
Matrix
Eponychium
Nail plateNail bed
![Page 20: Integument Squamous Cell Carcinoma Largest organ 30% of all …microanatomy.net/skin/Integument bkgd.pdf · 2005. 10. 6. · Mammary Gland • Compound tubuloalveolar gland • 15-20](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071219/6055fda6de0bca0d3d210f87/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Mammary Gland
• Compound tubuloalveolar gland• 15-20 lobes separated by connective tissue (collagen and adipose)• each lobe is drained by a lactiferous duct leading to the nipple• lactiferous sinus near distal end of duct• near nipple, duct is stratified squamous• throughout duct and sinus: stratified cuboidal• small ductules leading to lactiferous duct: simple columnar
• Identical in male/female until puberty• estrogen and progesterone (ovary) • prolactin (anterior pituitary)
• Inactive gland• similar to lactating, but alveoli are not developed
![Page 21: Integument Squamous Cell Carcinoma Largest organ 30% of all …microanatomy.net/skin/Integument bkgd.pdf · 2005. 10. 6. · Mammary Gland • Compound tubuloalveolar gland • 15-20](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071219/6055fda6de0bca0d3d210f87/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Lactating Mammary Gland
• During pregnancy• Elevated progesterone and estrogen (ovary and placenta)• Ducts grow and branch• Alveoli develop and mature
• cuboidal cells• myoepithelial cells
• Colostrum accumulates• will be ejected day 1-3• contains lymphocytes, monocytes, antibodies, lactalbumin, minerals, electrolytes
![Page 22: Integument Squamous Cell Carcinoma Largest organ 30% of all …microanatomy.net/skin/Integument bkgd.pdf · 2005. 10. 6. · Mammary Gland • Compound tubuloalveolar gland • 15-20](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022071219/6055fda6de0bca0d3d210f87/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Lactating Mammary Gland
• Prolactin surge (anterior pituitary)• Stimulates milk production
• day 4-continuous• Contains proteins, lipids, antibodies, lactose, vitamins, minerals, electrolytes
• Oxytocin (posterior pituitary)• Stimulates milk ejection
or “let down”