intellectual characteristics of korean children: analyses

12
Intellectual Characteristics of Korean Children: Analyses of K-WPPSI-IV Performance Korean J Child Stud 2016;37(6):157-168 https://doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2016.37.6.157 pISSN: 1226-1688 eISSN: 2234-408X Research Article Department of Child & Family Welfare, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea 1 Department of Early Childhood Education, Duksung Womenโ€™s University, Seoul, Korea 2 Hyewon Park 1 , KyungOk Lee 2 ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ง€์  ํŠน์„ฑ: ํ•œ๊ตญ Wechsler ์œ ์•„์ง€๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 4ํŒ(K-WPPSI-IV)์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ถ„์„ Objective: This study examined the intellectual characteristics of 1,700 Korean children aged 2 years, 6 months to 7 years, 7 months across two age ranges (2 years, 6 months to 3 years, 11 months; 4 years to 7 years, 7 months). Methods: Data from the standardization study of the K-WPPSI-IV were analyzed using Korean and American norms and in terms of socioeconomic variables such as region, maternal education level, and child gender. Results: Korean children performed differently from their American counterparts in most subtests and indexes. Verbal subtest performances for Korean children were significantly lower and performance subtest performances for Korean children were significantly higher. There were significant regional differences, with higher performances among children from Seoul than from other areas. Children whose mothers had higher education levels showed higher performances than their counterparts. This trend was more apparent in the older age range. Gender differences were found in most subtests, with girls showing higher scores than boys. Conclusion: This study revealed cross-cultural differences in intellectual characteristics measured with the newly standardized K-WPPSI-IV. In addition, significant effects of socioeconomic variables such as region, maternal education level, and gender were found. Keywords : K-WPPSI-IV, U.S. norm, differences by socioeconomic variables, gender differences ยฉThe Korean Association of Child Studies This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non- commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Corresponding Author: KyungOk Lee, Department of Early Childhood Education, Duksung Womenโ€™s University, 33 Samyang-ro 144-gil, Dobong- gu, Seoul, Korea E-mail: [email protected] ๋ฐ•ํ˜œ์› 1 , ์ด๊ฒฝ์˜ฅ 2 ์šธ์‚ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์•„๋™๊ฐ€์ •๋ณต์ง€ํ•™๊ณผ 1 , ๋•์„ฑ์—ฌ์ž๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์œ ์•„๊ต์œก๊ณผ 2 ์„œ๋ก  ์ง€๋Šฅ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋ฉฐ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์ง€๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ตœ์ € ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ•™์ƒ์„ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „์„ ์น˜๋ฃจ๋ฉด์„œ ์‹ ๋ณ‘์˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋“ฏ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ด์˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์œ ์•„์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋  ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•… ํ•˜๊ณ , ์˜์žฌ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์ฒด ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์  ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ต์œก์  ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์•„๋™์˜ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณ ์–‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ๋งค์šฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค(urlow & Ysseldyke, 1979). ์œ ์•„์šฉ ์ง€๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์›ฉ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์œ ์•„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence [WPPSI])

Upload: others

Post on 11-Dec-2021

1 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Intellectual Characteristics of Korean Children: Analyses of K-WPPSI-IV Performance

Korean J Child Stud 2016;37(6):157-168https://doi.org/10.5723/kjcs.2016.37.6.157pISSN: 1226-1688 eISSN: 2234-408X

Research Article

Department of Child & Family Welfare, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea1

Department of Early Childhood Education, Duksung Womenโ€™s University, Seoul, Korea2

Hyewon Park1, KyungOk Lee2

ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ง€์  ํŠน์„ฑ: ํ•œ๊ตญ Wechsler ์œ ์•„์ง€๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 4ํŒ(K-WPPSI-IV)์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ถ„์„

Objective: This study examined the intellectual characteristics of 1,700 Korean children aged 2 years, 6 months to 7 years, 7 months across two age ranges (2 years, 6 months to 3 years, 11 months; 4 years to 7 years, 7 months). Methods: Data from the standardization study of the K-WPPSI-IV were analyzed using Korean and American norms and in terms of socioeconomic variables such as region, maternal education level, and child gender. Results: Korean children performed differently from their American counterparts in most subtests and indexes. Verbal subtest performances for Korean children were significantly lower and performance subtest performances for Korean children were significantly higher. There were significant regional differences, with higher performances among children from Seoul than from other areas. Children whose mothers had higher education levels showed higher performances than their counterparts. This trend was more apparent in the older age range. Gender differences were found in most subtests, with girls showing higher scores than boys. Conclusion: This study revealed cross-cultural differences in intellectual characteristics measured with the newly standardized K-WPPSI-IV. In addition, significant effects of socioeconomic variables such as region, maternal education level, and gender were found.

Keywords: K-WPPSI-IV, U.S. norm, differences by socioeconomic variables, gender differences

ยฉThe Korean Association of Child StudiesThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Corresponding Author: KyungOk Lee, Department of Early Childhood Education, Duksung Womenโ€™s University, 33 Samyang-ro 144-gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul, Korea E-mail: [email protected]

๋ฐ•ํ˜œ์›1, ์ด๊ฒฝ์˜ฅ2

์šธ์‚ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์•„๋™๊ฐ€์ •๋ณต์ง€ํ•™๊ณผ1, ๋•์„ฑ์—ฌ์ž๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์œ ์•„๊ต์œก๊ณผ2

์„œ๋ก 

์ง€๋Šฅ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋ฉฐ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜

์ง€๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ตœ์ € ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜

ํ•™์ƒ์„ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ

์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Œ€์ „์„ ์น˜๋ฃจ๋ฉด์„œ ์‹ ๋ณ‘์˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์˜ˆ์—์„œ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜

๋“ฏ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์ด์˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ

์ง€๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์œ ์•„์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋  ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…

ํ•˜๊ณ , ์˜์žฌ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์ฒด ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ 

์ ˆํ•œ ๊ต์œก์  ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์•„๋™์˜ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณ ์–‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜

๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ๋งค์šฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค(Thurlow & Ysseldyke,

1979).

์œ ์•„์šฉ ์ง€๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์›ฉ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์œ ์•„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

(Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence [WPPSI])

Park and Lee 158

๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ 1967๋…„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ด๋ž˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ทผ 2012๋…„์— 4ํŒ์ด

์ถœํŒ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•œ๊ตญ ์›ฉ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์œ ์•„์ง€๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 4

ํŒ(Korean Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence,

Fourth edition [K-WPPSI-IV])์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(Park, Lee, &

Ahn, 2016). K-WPPSI-IV๋Š” WPPSI-IV์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ด๋ก ์  ํ‹€

์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์›ฉ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ง€๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€

์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์ง€๋Šฅ๋ชจ๋ธ, ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ด๋ก , ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ธ์ง€์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜

๊ณ  ์ž„์ƒ์  ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(Carroll, 1993, 1997;

Horn & Blankson, 2012; Park et al., 2016; Wechsler, 2012).

WPPSI-IV์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํŠน์ง•์€ Wechsler ์ง€๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ์ตœ์‹ 

๊ฐœ์ •ํŒ์ธ WISC-IV (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children,

Fourth Edition; Wechsler, 2003), WAIS-IV (Wechsler Adult

Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition; Wechsler, 2008)์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜

๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋Šฅ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ 5๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ง€ํ‘œ์™€ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…

ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์›ฉ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ง€๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์˜€๋‹ค(Ward,

Bergman, & Herbert, 2012). ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ง€ํ‘œ์—๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์ดํ•ด์ง€ํ‘œ

(Verbal Comprehension Index [VCI]), ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ง€ํ‘œ(Visual Spatial

Index [VSI]), ์œ ๋™์ถ”๋ก ์ง€ํ‘œ(Fluid Reasoning Index [FRI]), ์ž‘

์—…๊ธฐ์–ต์ง€ํ‘œ(Working Memory Index [WMI]), ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์†๋„์ง€ํ‘œ

(Processing Speed Index [PSI]) ๋“ฑ ์ง€์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ

์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค(Lee, Park, & Lee, 2015). ๊ทธ

์™ธ์—๋„ ์–ดํœ˜์Šต๋“์ง€ํ‘œ(Vocabulary Acquisition Index [VAI]), ๋น„์–ธ

์–ด์ง€ํ‘œ(Nonverbal Index [NVI]), ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ง€ํ‘œ(General Ability

Index [GAI]), ์ธ์ง€ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ง€ํ‘œ(Cognitive Proficiency Index

[CPI]) ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ

์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ํ† ๋ง‰์งœ๊ธฐ(Block Design [BD]), ์ƒ

์‹(Information [IN]), ํ–‰๋ ฌ์ถ”๋ฆฌ(Matrix Reasoning [MR]), ๋™ํ˜•

์ฐพ๊ธฐ(Bug Search [BS]), ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ธฐ์–ต(Picture Memory [PM]), ๊ณตํ†ต

์„ฑ(Similarity [SI]), ๊ณตํ†ต๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ฐพ๊ธฐ(Picture Concepts [PC]), ์„ ํƒ

ํ•˜๊ธฐ(Cancellation [CA]), ์œ„์น˜์ฐพ๊ธฐ(Zoo Location [ZL]), ๋ชจ์–‘๋งž

์ถ”๊ธฐ(Object Assembly [OA]), ์–ดํœ˜(Vocabulary [VC]), ๋™๋ฌผ์ง์ง“

๊ธฐ(Animal Coding [AC]), ์ดํ•ด(Comprehension [CO]), ์ˆ˜์šฉ์–ดํœ˜

(Receptive Vocabulary [RV]), ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋ช…๋ช…(Picture Naming [PN])์œผ

๋กœ ์ด 15๊ฐœ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋“ค์— ๋”ํ•ด ์ž‘์—…๊ธฐ์–ต๊ณผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์†

๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ธฐ์–ต, ์œ„์น˜์ฐพ๊ธฐ, ๋™ํ˜•

์ฐพ๊ธฐ, ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ธฐ, ๋™๋ฌผ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ)๋“ค์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ WPPSI-IV์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ์—ฐ๋ น์„ ๋„“ํ˜€ 2์„ธ 6๊ฐœ์›”

๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 7์„ธ 7๊ฐœ์›”์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„๋™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์˜

์ง‘์ค‘๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์งง๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 2์„ธ 6๊ฐœ์›”์—์„œ 3์„ธ 11๊ฐœ์›”์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„

๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์„ธํŠธ(7๊ฐœ ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ)์™€ 4์„ธ ์ด์ƒ 7์„ธ 7๊ฐœ์›”๊นŒ์ง€์˜

์•„๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์„ธํŠธ(15๊ฐœ ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ)๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„๋™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์–ดํœ˜, ํ† ๋ง‰์งœ๊ธฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ธฐ์–ต, ์ƒ์‹, ๋ชจ์–‘๋งž

์ถ”๊ธฐ, ์œ„์น˜์ฐพ๊ธฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋ช…๋ช…์˜ 7๊ฐœ ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์–ธ์–ด์ดํ•ด, ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„,

์ž‘์—…๊ธฐ์–ต์˜ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ดํœ˜์Šต๋“, ๋น„์–ธ์–ด, ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋Šฅ

๋ ฅ์˜ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋‚˜์ด๋“  ์•„๋™์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•ž์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ 15๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œ

๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ 5๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ง€ํ‘œ, 4๊ฐœ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก

ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” K-WPPSI-IV์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ํ•œ

๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ๊ฐ ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ง€ํ‘œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์•„๋™๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ด

ํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ธ๊ตฌํ•™์  ๋ณ€์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜

๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์ „๊ตญ ์ธตํ™”ํ‘œ์ง‘์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ต

ํ•ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ง€์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜

๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ต์œก์ , ์‘์šฉ์ ์ธ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์–ป๋Š”๋ฐ ๋งค์šฐ

์œ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. K-WPPSI-IV์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜„

์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋น„์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ(๋ฌธํ•ญ)์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ(Lee et al., 2015)์™ธ

์—๋„ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณต์ธํƒ€๋‹น๋„๊ฒ€์ฆ(Hwang, Park, & Lee, 2015; Park,

Seo, & Lee, 2015), ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”์—ฐ๊ตฌ(Park, Lee, Lee, & Park, 2016)์—

๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ค„์ง„ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‚˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜

์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ WPPSI-IV ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฏผ์กฑ, ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€, ์„ฑ

์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค(Raiford, Coalson,

& Engi, 2014). ์šฐ์„  ๋ฏผ์กฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋น„๊ต์—์„œ ์•„์‹œ์•„๋ฏผ์กฑ(M =

102.5, SD = 14.8), ๋ฐฑ์ธ(M = 101.7, SD = 15.3), ๊ธฐํƒ€(M = 101.1,

SD = 16.1), ํžˆ์ŠคํŒจ๋‹‰(M = 98.3, SD = 12.5), ํ‘์ธ(M = 95.7, SD

= 13.9)์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋ชจ

๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์—ฐํ•œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ •์  ํ•จ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์œ 

์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ 8๋…„ ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 89.9 (SD = 12.0)์—์„œ ๋Œ€์กธ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ

์šฐ 107.4 (SD = 13.8)๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๋„ ์œ 

์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์ฒด์ง€๋Šฅ์—์„œ ์—ฌ์•„ 101.7 (SD = 14.7), ๋‚จ์•„ 98.3 (SD =

15.2)๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€ํ‘œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—์„œ ์—ฌ์•„์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋‚จ์•„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค.

์ ์–ด๋„ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„๋™๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฌ์•„์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋‚จ์•„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์€

์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์—ฌ์•„์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ด ๋‚จ์•„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค

์—์„œ ์ดํ•ด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(Shaffer & Kipp, 2014).

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ๊ฐ ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํŠน์„ฑ์„

๋ฏธ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ธ

์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ

๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 1

ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ K-WPPSI-IV์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์•„๋™๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ด๋– 

ํ•œ๊ฐ€?

159 Intellectual Characteristics of Korean Children

์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 2

ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ K-WPPSI-IV์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ธ๊ตฌํ•™์  ๋ณ€์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ

์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€?

2-1. ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ K-WPPSI-IV์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์€ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ

๊ฐ€?

2-2. ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ K-WPPSI-IV์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์€ ๋ชจ์˜ ํ•™๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ

์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€?

2-3. ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ K-WPPSI-IV์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์€ ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€?

์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์„์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์•„๋™์€ K-WPPSI-IV์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€

์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ์˜ ํ•™๋ ฅ๋ณ„ ์ธตํ™”ํ‘œ์ง‘๊ณ„ํš์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ‘œ์ง‘๋œ 30

๊ฐœ์›”(2 6/12์„ธ)์ด์ƒ 91๊ฐœ์›”(7 7/12์„ธ)์ดํ•˜์˜ ์•„๋™ 1,700๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์ง€์—ญ์€ ์„œ์šธ, ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ, ๊ฒฝ์ƒ, ํ˜ธ๋‚จ, ์ถฉ์ฒญ/๊ฐ•์›์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋ชจ

์˜ ํ•™๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ 7์„ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ๋‘” ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ํ•™

๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„ํฌ(2010๋…„ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ฒญ์ž๋ฃŒ)๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์กธ์ด

ํ•˜์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ•™๋ ฅ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธตํ™”ํ‘œ์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

WPPSI-IV์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ฐ๋ น, ์„ฑ, ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€, ์ธ์ข…์˜ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌํšŒ

์ธ๊ตฌํ•™์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ณ€์ธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์ธตํ™”

ํ‘œ์ง‘์„ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ธ์ข…๋ณ€์ธ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€

๋ชจ ์–‘์ธก์˜ ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€๋Œ€์‹  ๋ถ€์˜ ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ํด ๊ฒƒ

์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€๋งŒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด ํ‘œ์ง‘์•„๋™

์˜ ์ˆ˜์™€ ์—ฐ๋ น๋ณ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ณธ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ œ์ž‘๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋„

๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 9๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ฐ๋ น์ง‘๋‹จ(2 6/12โ€“2 11/12์„ธ 200๋ช…, 3โ€“3 5/12์„ธ 200

๋ช…, 3 6/12โ€“3 11/12์„ธ 200๋ช…, 4โ€“4 5/12์„ธ 200๋ช…, 4 6/12โ€“4 11/12์„ธ 200๋ช…,

5โ€“5 5/12์„ธ 200๋ช…, 5 6/12โ€“5 11/12์„ธ 200๋ช…, 6โ€“6 11/12์„ธ 200๋ช…, 7โ€“7 7/12

์„ธ 100๋ช…)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ํ‘œ์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ ์—ฐ๋ น์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณ„ ๋‚จ๋…€์˜

์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ํ‘œ์ง‘๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ Park ๋“ฑ

(2016)์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๋ผ.

์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„๊ตฌ

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ 2016๋…„์— ์ถœ๊ฐ„๋œ K-WPPSI-IV (Figure 1 ์ฐธ

์กฐ)์˜ ๊ฐ ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ง€ํ‘œ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ Table 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„

์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘์€ 2014๋…„ 1์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 7์›” ์‚ฌ์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์•„๋™์˜ ์œ ๋ณด์œก

๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ์ด๋ค„์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฐ ์žฌ์›๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ€๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ ˆ

์ฐจ ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์— ๋™์˜๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด 82๋ช…์˜ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ž๋Š” ์›Œํฌ์ƒต์— ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์‹ค์‹œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์ผ

์ •์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์ „๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ

ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ์œ ์•„ 1์ธ๋‹น ํ‰๊ท  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 2 6/12โ€“3 11/12์„ธ

์œ ์•„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ‰๊ท  30๋ถ„, 4โ€“7 7/12์„ธ ์œ ์•„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ‰๊ท  1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •

๋„์˜€๋‹ค.

์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„์€ SPSS 21.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ

์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. Table 2์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€

์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Table 2๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” K-WPPSI-IV์˜ ์†Œ

๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ํ™˜์‚ฐ์ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€

๋‹ค. ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ํ™˜์‚ฐ์ ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ

ํšŒ์ธ๊ตฌํ•™์  ๋ณ€์ธ์ธ ์ง€์—ญ, ๋ชจํ•™๋ ฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋™์˜ ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง‘

๋‹จ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ t, F ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š”

์‹ค์ œ ์›์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ™˜์‚ฐ์ ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์—ฐ๋ น์ง‘๋‹จ

๋ณ„๋กœ ํ‰๊ท  10, ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ 3์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—

์„œ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด ์ œ์™ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ K-WPPSI-IV ์ˆ˜ํ–‰: ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์•„๋™๊ณผ์˜ ๋น„๊ต

2 6/12โ€“3 11/12์„ธ ์—ฐ๋ น์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ 4์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ์—ฐ๋ น์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ

๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ ๊ฒฐFigure 1. K-WPPSI-IV test material.

Park and Lee 160

๊ณผ๋Š” Table 2, 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. Table 2์— ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์—ฐ๋ น์ง‘

๋‹จ(2 6/12โ€“3 11/12)์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ ์ ์ˆ˜์™€

๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ๋กœ 2 6/12โ€“3

11/12์„ธ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™ 600๋ช…์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์–ดํœ˜์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฐ

์ถœ ์‹œ 9.58 (SD = 3.03)์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด 9.25 (SD =

2.80)์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋œ๋‹ค(t = 14.91,

Table 1 K-WPPSI-IV Subtest and Index DescriptionsSubtest/Index Description

BD Working within a specified time limit, the child views a model and/or a picture and uses one- or two-color blocks to re-create the design.

IN For picture items, the child selects the response option that best answers a question about a general-knowledge topic. For verbal items, the child answers questions about a broad range of general-knowledge topic.

MR The child views an incomplete matrix and selects the response option that completes the matrix.BS Working within a specified time limit, the child marks the bug in the search group that matches the target bug.PM The child views a stimulus page of one or more pictures for a specified time and then selects the pictures from options on a

response page.SI For picture items, the child selects the response option that is from the same category as two other depicted objects. For verbal

items, the child reads two words that represent common objects or concepts and describes how they are similar.PC The child views two or three rows of pictures and selects one picture from each row to form a group with a common characteristic.CA Working within a specified time limit, the child scans two arrangements of objects (one random, one structured) and marks

target objects.ZL The child views one or more animal cards placed on a zoo layout for a specified time and then places each card in the previously

viewed locations.OA Working within a specified time limit, the child assembles the pieces of a puzzle to create a representation of an identified object.VC For picture items, the child names the depicted object. For verbal items, the child defines words that are read aloud.AC Working within a specified time limit and using a key, the child marks shapes that correspond to pictured animals.CO For picture items, the child selects the response option that represents the best response to a general principle or social situation.

For verbal items, the child answers questions based on his or her understanding of general principles and social situations.RV The child selects the response option that best represents the word the examiner reads aloud.PN The child names depicted objects.VCI It best represents acquired knowledge, verbal reasoning, and verbal concept formation.VSI It measures visual-spatial processing, part-whole relationship integration and synthesis, and visual-motor integration.FRI It best represents inductive and fluid reasoning, broad visual intelligence, coceptual thinking, simultaneous processing, and

classification ability.WMI It measures visual and visual-spatial working memory and ability to withstand proactive interference.PSI It best represents processing speed, especially quick scanning and discriminaion of simple visual information.FSIQ It is the most reliable composite score. It includes vital information to general intellectual ability.VAI It measures a childโ€™s receptive and expressive vocabulary acquisition. NVI It offers an estimate of overall ability of children who have expressive issues (e.g., language disorder, autism spectrum disorder,

Korean language learner).GAI It offers an estimate of intellectual ability that is less influenced by working memory and processing speed.CPI It measures working memory and processing speed.

Note. BD = Block Design; IN = Information; MR = Matrix Reasoning; BS = Bug Search; PM = Picture Memory; SI = Similarities; PC = Picture Concepts; CA = Cancellation; ZL = Zoo Locations; OA = Object Assembly; VC = Vocabulary; AC = Animal Coding; CO = Comprehension; RV = Receptive Vocabulary; PN = Picture Naming; VCI = Verbal Comprehension Index; VSI = Visual Spatial Index; FRI = Fluid Reasoning Index; WMI = Working Memory Index; PSI = Processing Speed Index; FSIQ = Full Scale IQ; VAI = Vocabulary Acquisition Index; NVI = Nonverbal Index; GAI = General Ability Index; CPI = Cognitive Proficiency Index

161 Intellectual Characteristics of Korean Children

p < .001). ์ฆ‰ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋” ๋‚ฎ

์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์•„

๋™๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด์„œ ๋” ๋‚ฎ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์šฉ์–ด

ํœ˜, ์ƒ์‹, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋ช…๋ช…์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์™€ ๊ฒฐ

๊ตญ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ํ† ๋ง‰์งœ

๊ธฐ, ๋ชจ์–‘๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ธฐ์–ต, ์œ„์น˜์ฐพ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์„ ์ ์šฉ

ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋†’์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ง€ํ‘œ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์ดํ•ด, ์ „์ฒด์ง€๋Šฅ, ์–ดํœ˜์Šต๋“์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„

๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ์ž‘์—…๊ธฐ์–ต, ๋น„

์–ธ์–ด, ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ณด๋‹ค

๋†’์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์•„๋™๋ณด๋‹ค ์ˆ˜ํ–‰

์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ  ๋™์ž‘์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด

์ง€๋Šฅ์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์—ฐ๋ น์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์€ 101.37

(SD = 15.19)์ธ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์—์„œ๋Š” 88.76 (SD = 10.25)๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ

์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค.

Table 3์— ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด 4โ€“7 7/12์„ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ

ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ ํ›„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆ˜

ํ–‰์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ ์ ์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ„

์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ์‹, ๊ณตํ†ต์„ฑ, ์–ดํœ˜,

์ดํ•ด, ๊ณตํ†ต๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ฐพ๊ธฐ, ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ธฐ, ์ˆ˜์šฉ์–ดํœ˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋ช…๋ช…์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ

๊ทœ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์™€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ

์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ํ† ๋ง‰์งœ๊ธฐ, ๋ชจ์–‘๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ, ํ–‰๋ ฌ์ถ”

๋ฆฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ธฐ์–ต, ์œ„์น˜์ฐพ๊ธฐ, ๋™ํ˜•์ฐพ๊ธฐ, ๋™๋ฌผ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ทœ

์ค€์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ๋•Œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์™€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™

์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋†’์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€ํ‘œ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์ดํ•ด, ์ž‘์—…

๊ธฐ์–ต, ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์†๋„, ์ „์ฒด์ง€๋Šฅ, ์–ดํœ˜์Šต๋“์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด

๋‚ฎ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ๋น„์–ธ์–ด, ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์ธ์ง€ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜

์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋†’์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์—ฐ๋ น์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€

๋กœ ์–ธ์–ด์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์•„๋™๋ณด๋‹ค ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ  ๋™์ž‘์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—

์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด์ง€๋Šฅ์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ

๊ทœ์ค€์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ๋•Œ 101.63 (SD = 14.38), ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ๋•Œ 97.69

(SD = 13.88)์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

์‚ฌํšŒ์ธ๊ตฌํ•™์  ๋ณ€์ธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ K-WPPSI-IV ์ˆ˜ํ–‰

K-WPPSI-IV์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๊ณผ์ •์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ธ๊ตฌํ•™์  ๋ณ€์ธ์ธ ์ง€

์—ญ๊ณผ ๋ชจํ•™๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ 2 6/12โ€“7 7/12์„ธ ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—

๋Œ€ํ•œ 3-way MANOVA๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ง€์—ญ, ๋ชจํ•™๋ ฅ, ์„ฑ๋ณ„์˜ ์ƒ

ํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ

(3-way ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, 2 6/12โ€“3 11/12: Wilkโ€™s lambda = .925, F =

.799, ns; 4โ€“7 7/12: Wilkโ€™s lambda = .907, F = 1.043, ns), 2-way ์ƒํ˜ธ

์ž‘์šฉ๋„ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„(Wilkโ€™s lambda = .888โˆผ.981,

F = .753โˆผ1.222, ns) ๋ณ€์ธ๋ณ„ ์ฃผํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜

K-WPPSI-IV ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 2Subtest and Index Performance in the Younger Age Range According to Korean and American Norms

Subtest/Index

Korean norm American norm DifferencesMean SD Mean SD Mean SD t

RV 9.58 3.03 9.25 2.80 0.33 0.54 14.91***IN 10.43 2.94 10.03 2.54 0.40 1.20 8.11***PN 10.21 3.28 10.02 3.23 0.20 0.61 7.77***BD 10.45 2.95 11.37 3.02 -0.92 0.65 -34.75***OA 9.79 3.32 11.30 3.16 -1.51 0.70 -52.68***PM 10.04 3.66 10.24 3.23 -0.20 0.71 -6.95***ZL 10.56 2.93 11.24 2.98 -0.68 0.75 -22.09***VCI 101.85 14.63 98.48 11.92 3.37 4.42 18.66***VSI 99.90 14.67 108.05 14.31 -8.15 2.58 -77.39***WMI 102.81 16.74 104.64 15.20 -3.63 1.83 -12.36***FSIQ 101.37 15.19 88.76 10.25 12.61 6.57 47.01***VAI 100.24 15.54 97.79 13.78 2.45 2.90 20.67***NVI 101.87 15.04 108.20 14.70 -6.32 2.88 -53.78***GAI 101.09 14.77 103.96 13.16 -2.87 3.52 -19.96***

Note. N = 600. ***p < .001.

Park and Lee 162

์ง€์—ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ K-WPPSI-IV ์ˆ˜ํ–‰

Table 4์—์„œ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ 2 6/12โ€“3 11/12์„ธ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์ง€๋Šฅ

์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์„œ์šธ(106.01 [SD = 13.03]), ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ(102.50

[SD = 14.99]), ๊ฒฝ์ƒ(99.51 [SD = 14.17]) ๋ฐ ๊ฐ•์›์ถฉ์ฒญ(99.51 [SD

= 15.74]), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜ธ๋‚จ(98.24 [SD = 18.35])์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์†Œ

๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์–ดํœ˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋ช…๋ช…,

ํ† ๋ง‰์งœ๊ธฐ, ๋ชจ์–‘๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ธฐ์–ต ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ธ์–ด์ดํ•ด, ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ์ „

์ฒด์ง€๋Šฅ, ์–ดํœ˜์Šต๋“, ๋น„์–ธ์–ด, ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ง€

ํ‘œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—์„œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„œ์šธ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ํƒ€์ง€์—ญ ์•„

๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์€ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ฐจ์ด๋„

๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์ธตํ™”ํ‘œ์ง‘์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ชจ์˜ ํ•™๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์—ญ

๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ž๋˜ ์ ๊ณผ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•œ ํ•ด์„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

Table 5์—์„œ 4โ€“7 7/12์„ธ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์ง€๋Šฅ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ๋น„๊ต

ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์„œ์šธ(105.97 [SD = 14.45]), ํ˜ธ๋‚จ(102.69 [SD = 14.14])

์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ƒ(100.87 [SD = 13.49]), ๊ฐ•์›์ถฉ์ฒญ

(100.68 [SD = 13.15]), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ(100.66 [SD = 13.91])์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ

์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

์ƒ์‹, ์–ดํœ˜, ์ดํ•ด, ์œ„์น˜์ฐพ๊ธฐ, ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ธฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋ช…๋ช…์˜ ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์–ธ

์–ด์ดํ•ด, ์ž‘์—…๊ธฐ์–ต, ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์†๋„, ์ „์ฒด์ง€๋Šฅ, ์–ดํœ˜์Šต๋“, ๋น„์–ธ์–ด, ์ผ๋ฐ˜

๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์ธ์ง€ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—์„œ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„œ์šธ

์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ํƒ€์ง€์—ญ ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค.

๋ชจ์˜ ํ•™๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ K-WPPSI-IV ์ˆ˜ํ–‰

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ชจ์˜ ํ•™๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ

Table 3Subtest and Index Performance in the Older Age Range According to Korean and American Norms

Subtest/Index

Korean norm American norm DifferencesMean SD Mean SD Mean SD t

IN 10.57 2.88 9.01 2.85 0.03 0.92 56.53***SI 10.06 2.89 9.29 2.29 0.77 0.85 29.93***VC 9.94 3.17 8.60 2.57 1.33 0.93 47.71***CO 10.11 2.90 9.92 2.53 0.18 0.78 7.73***BD 10.62 3.24 12.77 3.12 -2.15 0.73 -98.10***OA 10.69 2.81 11.65 2.42 -0.96 0.80 -39.74***MR 10.31 3.07 11.01 2.95 -0.70 0.60 -38.57***PC 10.06 3.33 9.75 3.16 0.31 0.62 16.60***PM 10.23 2.84 10.48 2.63 -0.25 0.58 -14.19***ZL 10.54 2.71 10.97 2.89 -0.44 0.77 -18.91***BS 10.42 3.11 12.91 3.19 -2.50 0.64 -129.54***CA 10.34 2.99 10.13 3.01 0.21 0.52 13.05***AC 10.14 3.19 11.78 3.21 -1.64 0.64 -85.929***RV 10.78 2.81 10.49 2.85 0.29 0.67 14.47***PN 10.49 2.75 10.49 2.64 0.00 0.54 -0.06 VCI 102.41 14.57 101.43 13.86 0.98 1.41 23.01***VSI 103.08 14.76 104.10 14.52 -1.03 0.41 -83.45***WMI 103.25 13.39 102.45 13.13 0.80 1.05 25.27***PSI 102.62 14.51 102.48 14.97 0.14 0.78 6.10***FRI 102.38 15.29 102.57 13.15 -0.19 12.20 -0.52FSIQ 101.63 14.38 97.69 13.88 3.93 7.56 21.45***VAI 104.63 13.94 103.44 12.87 1.19 1.28 30.67***NVI 101.23 14.56 102.38 14.02 -1.15 0.95 -40.01***GAI 102.02 14.53 102.33 13.50 -0.31 1.22 -8.40***CPI 101.54 14.61 102.77 13.63 -1.23 1.35 -30.13***

Note. N = 1,100.***p < .001.

163 Intellectual Characteristics of Korean Children

์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋ชจ์˜ ํ•™๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋†’์•˜

๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  Table 6์—์„œ 2 6/12โ€“3 11/12์„ธ ์—ฐ๋ น์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ชจ

์–‘๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ธฐ์–ต, ์œ„์น˜์ฐพ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์–ธ์–ด

์ดํ•ด, ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ์ž‘์—…๊ธฐ์–ต, ๋น„์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€ํ‘œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—์„œ

๋ชจํ•™๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Table 7์— ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™

์ด 4โ€“7 7/12์„ธ ์•„๋™์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ๋ชจ์˜ ํ•™๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

์ดํ•ด, ํ–‰๋ ฌ์ถ”๋ฆฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ธฐ์–ต, ์œ„์น˜์ฐพ๊ธฐ, ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ธฐ, ๋™๋ฌผ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ ์†Œ

๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์œ ๋™์ถ”๋ก , ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ์—

์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋ชจ์˜ ํ•™๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜

ํ–‰์ด ๋†’์•„ ๋ชจํ•™๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ K-WPPSI-IV ์ˆ˜ํ–‰

์„ฑ๋ณ„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ K-WPPSI-IV ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, 2 6/12โ€“3 11/12์„ธ

์—ฐ๋ น์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์—ฌ์•„์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ์ „์ฒด์ง€๋Šฅ์—

์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค(Wilkโ€™s lambda = .995, F = .598, ns).

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 4โ€“7 7/12์„ธ ์—ฐ๋ น์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—์„œ ์—ฌ์•„์˜

์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ Table 8์— ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณตํ†ต์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ธฐ

์–ต, ๋™ํ˜•์ฐพ๊ธฐ, ์„ ํƒ, ๋™๋ฌผ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ, ์ˆ˜์šฉ์–ดํœ˜ ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์—ฌ์•„์˜

์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋‚จ์•„๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์ง€ํ‘œ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ๋™์ถ”๋ก ,

์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์†๋„, ์–ดํœ˜์Šต๋“, ์ธ์ง€ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์ฒด์ง€๋Šฅ์—์„œ ์—ฌ์•„๊ฐ€

๋‚จ์•„๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก 

์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋†’์€ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์— ๋งŽ

์€ ํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋†’์€ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ

์•„๋™์˜ ์ง€๋Šฅ์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€? ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” K-WPPSI-IV์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€

ํ™”๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ 2 6/12โ€“7 7/12์„ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ์‚ด

ํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ง€์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€ ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ทœ

์ค€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•„ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€

๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ ์ง€๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ธตํ™”ํ‘œ์ง‘์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€

์—ญ ๋ฐ ๋ชจํ•™๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ‘œ์ง‘ํ•œ ์ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ฐ ๋ชจํ•™๋ ฅ์—

๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ์„ฑ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๋จผ์ € ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€ ๋ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜

์•„๋™์€ ์–ธ์–ด์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์•„๋™๋ณด๋‹ค ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ  ๋™์ž‘์„ฑ

๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์•„๋™๋ณด๋‹ค ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๋ น์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‚ด

ํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์—ฐ๋ น์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ

์ถœํ•œ ์ ์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

Table 4Subtest and Index Performance in the Younger Age Range According to Region

Subtest/Index

Seoula

(n = 94)Gyeonggib

(n = 199)Gyeongsangc

(n = 158)Honamd

(n = 70)

Gangwon & Chungcheonge

(n = 79)F ScheffรฉMean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD

RV 10.39 2.90 9.52 2.92 9.26 2.98 8.59 3.06 10.28 3.17 4.69** a, e > dIN 10.73 2.50 10.46 2.72 10.27 3.41 10.26 3.10 10.43 2.88 .42PN 10.91 2.73 10.48 3.10 9.56 3.71 9.90 3.29 10.27 3.20 2.71* a > cBD 10.96 2.86 10.75 2.79 10.15 3.12 10.39 3.18 9.78 2.74 2.74*OA 10.64 2.99 10.21 3.18 9.40 3.61 8.73 3.38 9.44 3.01 4.66** a, b > dPM 10.83 3.22 10.16 3.66 9.89 3.49 10.13 3.79 9.06 4.20 2.69* e < aZL 10.61 3.37 10.37 2.92 10.49 2.86 11.33 2.58 10.42 2.77 1.49VCI 105.20 13.73 101.75 14.20 100.46 13.68 98.37 16.20 103.99 16.25 2.86* d < aVSI 103.94 13.58 102.01 14.66 97.82 14.07 96.57 17.23 96.89 12.97 5.18*** d. e < aWMI 105.40 16.28 102.60 16.64 102.08 16.30 105.50 17.03 99.34 17.74 1.26FSIQ 106.01 13.03 102.50 14.99 99.51 14.17 98.24 18.35 99.51 15.74 3.98** c, d, e < aVAI 104.79 14.48 100.85 15.14 97.33 14.89 96.39 16.24 102.52 16.77 4.46** c, d < aNVI 105.63 13.71 102.95 15.09 100.31 14.33 101.41 17.52 98.23 14.58 2.56* c, d < aGAI 105.46 13.55 102.30 14.61 99.01 13.43 97.13 17.61 100.49 15.06 4.37** c, d < aNote. Wilkโ€™s lambda = .842, F = 1.781***. *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.

Park and Lee 164

๋ฏธ๊ตญ์•„๋™๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๋•Œ ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์šฉ์–ดํœ˜, ์ƒ์‹, ๊ทธ

๋ฆผ๋ช…๋ช…์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์•˜๊ณ ,

ํ† ๋ง‰์งœ๊ธฐ, ๋ชจ์–‘๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ธฐ์–ต, ์œ„์น˜์ฐพ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜

์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋†’์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์ด

ํ•ด, ์ „์ฒด์ง€๋Šฅ, ์–ดํœ˜์Šต๋“์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ , ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„,

์ž‘์—…๊ธฐ์–ต, ๋น„์–ธ์–ด, ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค.

์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ณ„๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ทœ์ค€์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ

์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ํฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋ฏธ

๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋” ํฐ๋ฐ๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด

๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „์ฒด์ง€๋Šฅ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ์–ธ์–ด

์„ฑ ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋” ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณธ ์ง€๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ์ „์ฒด

์ง€๋Šฅ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํŠน์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

4โ€“7 7/12์„ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ

์ถœํ•œ ์ ์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ์‹, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋ช…๋ช…, ๊ณตํ†ต์„ฑ, ์ดํ•ด, ์–ดํœ˜, ๊ณตํ†ต๊ทธ

๋ฆผ์ฐพ๊ธฐ, ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ธฐ, ์ˆ˜์šฉ์–ดํœ˜์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์•„๋™

์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์•˜๊ณ  ํ† ๋ง‰์งœ๊ธฐ, ๋ชจ์–‘๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ, ํ–‰๋ ฌ์ถ”๋ฆฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ธฐ

์–ต, ์œ„์น˜์ฐพ๊ธฐ, ๋™ํ˜•์ฐพ๊ธฐ, ๋™๋ฌผ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰

์ด ๋†’์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€ํ‘œ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์ดํ•ด, ์ž‘์—…๊ธฐ์–ต, ์ฒ˜

๋ฆฌ์†๋„, ์ „์ฒด์ง€๋Šฅ, ์–ดํœ˜์Šต๋“์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ  ์‹œ

Table 5Subtest and Index Performance in the Older Age Range According to Region

Subtest/Index

Seoula

(n = 168)Gyeonggib

(n = 388)Gyeongsangc

(n = 287)Honamd

(n = 127)

Gangwon & Chungcheonge

(n = 130)F ScheffรฉMean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD

IN 11.29 2.86 10.55 2.63 9.96 2.96 11.01 2.96 10.65 3.09 4.97** c < d, aSI 10.51 2.90 9.96 2.78 10.09 2.89 10.15 2.90 9.62 3.18 1.19VC 10.47 3.36 10.01 3.06 9.41 3.03 9.85 3.28 10.27 3.29 2.58* c < aCO 10.67 2.77 10.32 2.86 9.46 2.99 9.86 2.82 10.41 2.78 5.99*** c < e, aBD 11.16 3.34 10.43 3.22 10.50 3.16 11.20 3.33 10.21 3.16 2.51*OA 10.83 3.20 10.81 2.66 10.45 2.91 10.87 2.67 10.52 2.63 .97MR 10.85 3.16 9.90 3.06 10.39 2.93 10.67 3.13 10.29 3.10 2.63*PC 10.52 3.52 10.03 3.12 9.86 3.47 10.28 3.28 9.77 3.43 .84PM 11.09 3.14 10.02 2.82 10.07 2.77 10.02 2.68 10.37 2.66 3.59** c, e < dZL 10.80 2.83 10.51 2.61 10.26 2.92 11.17 2.11 10.28 2.81 2.92* c, e < dBS 10.67 3.27 10.49 3.09 10.53 3.08 9.83 3.36 10.21 2.67 1.62CA 10.64 2.81 10.57 2.74 10.56 2.84 8.70 3.80 10.38 2.89 11.93*** d < a, b, c, eAC 10.34 3.10 10.14 3.16 10.43 3.47 9.59 2.98 9.77 2.84 1.79RV 11.49 2.88 10.69 2.58 10.62 3.01 10.65 2.92 10.59 2.69 1.60 e < aPN 11.42 2.84 10.29 2.71 9.80 2.70 10.74 2.40 11.15 2.70 9.69*** e < b, c < aVCI 105.88 14.77 102.05 14.10 100.70 14.16 103.92 14.59 101.29 15.89 2.41* c < aVSI 105.11 15.98 102.86 14.28 102.00 15.05 105.30 14.37 101.31 13.90 1.85WMI 106.76 14.09 102.45 13.03 101.89 13.95 104.54 11.93 102.86 12.94 1.67 c, b < aFRI 105.30 16.46 101.10 14.29 102.02 15.52 104.07 15.84 101.53 15.21 3.12*PSI 104.23 13.87 103.49 13.73 103.52 14.29 96.32 17.90 102.10 12.88 7.68*** d < a, b, c, eFSIQ 105.97 14.45 100.66 13.91 100.87 13.49 102.69 14.14 100.68 13.15 3.05* b, c, e < aVAI 109.58 14.62 103.74 13.08 102.11 14.24 105.04 13.18 106.05 13.98 5.61*** b, c, d < aNVI 105.11 15.23 100.12 14.27 100.78 14.41 101.71 15.46 100.08 13.25 2.26 b, e < aGAI 105.90 15.01 100.82 14.38 100.92 13.99 104.50 14.45 100.62 14.64 3.58** b, c, e < aCPI 104.77 15.35 101.64 14.38 101.33 14.97 98.05 14.45 100.94 12.89 2.99* d < aNote. Wilkโ€™s lambda = .800, F = 2.422***. *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.

165 Intellectual Characteristics of Korean Children

๊ณต๊ฐ„, ๋น„์–ธ์–ด, ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์ธ์ง€ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด

๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ƒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์˜ ํ•ด์„๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•œ

๋‹ค.

ํ•œํŽธ ๋‚˜์ด๋“  ์—ฐ๋ น์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๊ทœ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์—ฐ

๋ น์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์ „์ฒด์ง€๋Šฅ์—์„œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์—ฐ๋ น

์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ๋•Œ 101.37 (SD = 15.19)์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ฐ˜

ํ•ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ๋•Œ 88.76 (SD = 10.25)๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰

์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋‚˜์ด๋“  ์•„๋™์ง‘๋‹จ

์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ๋•Œ 101.63 (SD = 14.38), ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ทœ์ค€์„

๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ๋•Œ 97.69 (SD = 13.88)๋กœ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ค„์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜

์–ธ์–ด์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์•„๋™์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€

ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์˜์œ ์•„

์˜ ์œ ๋ณด์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์žฌ์›์œจ์ด๋‚˜ ์กฐ๊ธฐ๊ต์œก์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ

์•ˆํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ น์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ์–ธ์–ด์„ฑ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ณผ ๋™์ž‘์„ฑ ์ง€๋Šฅ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰

์—์„œ ์ผ์ฐ์ด ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์ข€ ๋” ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ํ•„

์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋„ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ 

์žˆ๋‹ค. Cho์™€ Park (2008)์€ 1โ€“42๊ฐœ์›” ํ•œ๊ตญ ์˜์œ ์•„์˜ ์ธ์ง€ ๋Šฅ

๋ ฅ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์˜์œ ์•„์™€ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ๋™์ž‘ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ

์˜์œ ์•„๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. Chung, Rhee์™€

Park (1993)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋„ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์˜์œ ์•„์˜ ๋ฌธํ•ญ๋ณ„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† 

ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ•ญ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋‚ฎ์Œ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜

์—ฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ด๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์•„๋™

์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ์ œํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์†ํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ 

๊ณผ๋ฌตํ•จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ

์–ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์–ธ์–ดํ‘œํ˜„ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ ์ฐจ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜

์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๊ต์œก์ด

๊ฐ•์กฐ๋  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์–ธ์–ด์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€

Table 6 Subtest and Index Performance in the Younger Age Range According to Maternal Education Level

Subtest/Index

Less than 13 years(n = 242)

More than 12 years (n = 358)

FMean SD Mean SDRV 8.95 2.96 10.00 3.00 9.60**IN 9.99 3.15 10.72 2.76 8.04**PN 9.60 3.52 10.62 3.04 13.39***BD 10.06 3.05 10.72 2.85 5.00*OA 9.60 3.40 9.91 3.26 .00PM 9.72 3.80 10.26 3.56 1.84ZL 10.37 2.94 10.69 2.92 3.66VCI 98.69 14.23 103.99 14.52 13.44***VSI 98.17 14.58 101.06 14.64 1.91WMI 101.24 17.22 103.87 16.35 3.63FSIQ 98.59 15.43 103.25 14.75 7.64**VAI 96.57 15.48 102.72 15.10 17.33***NVI 100.02 15.42 103.13 14.67 3.85GAI 98.23 14.71 103.02 14.51 8.48**Note. Wilkโ€™s lambda = .949, F = 2.198**. *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.

Table 7 Subtest and Index Performance in the Older Age Range According to Maternal Education Level

Subtest/Index

Less than 13 years (n = 462)

More than 12 years (n = 638)

FMean SD Mean SDIN 9.86 2.82 11.09 2.82 30.26***SI 9.56 2.96 10.42 2.79 15.93***VC 9.59 3.10 10.19 3.20 7.39**CO 9.81 2.96 10.32 2.83 2.26BD 9.97 3.07 11.09 3.28 22.88***OA 10.35 2.89 10.94 2.73 6.88**MR 10.10 2.97 10.45 3.13 3.27PC 9.41 3.46 10.53 3.16 24.07***PM 9.94 2.86 10.45 2.81 2.44ZL 10.29 2.73 10.71 2.69 1.52BS 10.02 3.03 10.70 3.13 6.00*CA 10.28 3.05 10.38 2.95 .03AC 9.87 3.23 10.33 3.14 2.72RV 10.28 2.83 11.14 2.74 15.65***PN 10.03 2.71 10.82 2.73 12.94***VCI 98.82 14.59 105.01 14.01 30.94***VSI 100.15 14.30 105.20 14.73 21.11***WMI 101.60 13.55 104.45 13.16 17.90***FRI 99.86 15.30 104.20 15.04 3.23 PSI 101.32 14.59 103.56 14.38 2.62FSIQ 98.30 14.02 104.28 13.32 30.31***VAI 101.76 13.86 106.71 13.63 20.72***NVI 98.06 14.51 103.54 14.16 24.75***GAI 98.44 14.49 104.62 14.01 33.64***CPI 99.68 14.68 102.88 14.42 4.15*Note. Wilkโ€™s lambda = .939, F = 2.748***. *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.

Park and Lee 166

์ด ์ง€๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ๋น„๋ก ํ•œ๊ตญํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •

์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ (Lee et al., 2015),

๋ฌธํ™”์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ•ญ์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ

๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ K-WPPSI-IV๋ฅผ ํ‘œ์ค€

ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ WPPSI-IV์˜ ์žฅ์ ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตญ์ œ์ 

์ธ ๋น„๊ต์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์› ๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด

๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถ•์ ๋œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ Wechsler ์ง€๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

ํŠนํžˆ WPPSI-IV์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ

๋ถ€ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์—๊ฒŒ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜์ง€

๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธํ•ญํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€

ํ•œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค.

์ง€์—ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ K-WPPSI-IV ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

๋‘ ์—ฐ๋ น์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์„œ์šธ์•„๋™์ด ์ง€๋ฐฉ์•„๋™๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„

๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—์„œ ์ผ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„œ์šธ์ง€์—ญ

์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋†’์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ฐจ์ด๋„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜

๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ์ธตํ™”ํ‘œ์ง‘์‹œ ๋ชจ์˜ ํ•™๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ž๋˜

์ ๊ณผ ์œ ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์ธตํ™”ํ‘œ์ง‘์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์–ด

๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ํ•™๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ์ง‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ, ํ˜ธ๋‚จ ๋“ฑ ์ง€๋ฐฉ

์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ์˜ ํ•™๋ ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณด๋‹ค ์›”๋“ฑํžˆ ๋งŽ์•˜

๋˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๋ชจ์˜ ํ•™๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์˜์œ ์•„์˜ ์ธ์ง€๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ •์ 

์ธ ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ(Raiford et al., 2014;

Shaffer & Kipp, 2014; Song, 1995) ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์†Œ

๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—์„œ ๋ชจํ•™๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ

์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์—ฐ๋ น์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ชจ์–‘

๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ธฐ์–ต, ์œ„์น˜์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์–ธ์–ด์ดํ•ด, ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ์ž‘์—…

๊ธฐ์–ต, ๋น„์–ธ์–ด์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—์„œ ๋ชจํ•™

๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 4โ€“7 7/12์„ธ ์•„๋™์˜ ๋ชจ์˜ ํ•™๋ ฅ์—

๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ดํ•ด, ํ–‰๋ ฌ์ถ”๋ฆฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ธฐ์–ต, ์œ„์น˜์ฐพ๊ธฐ, ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ธฐ,

๋™๋ฌผ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์œ ๋™์ถ”๋ก , ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ

์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€ํ‘œ์—์„œ ๋ชจ์˜ ํ•™๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ

์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. Cho์™€ Park

(2008)์€ 1โ€“42๊ฐœ์›” ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์˜์•„๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” K-BSID-II

(Korean Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second edition) ์ˆ˜

ํ–‰ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ๋ชจ ํ•™๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜

์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋„ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์—ฐ๋ น์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‚˜์ด๋“  ์ง‘๋‹จ์—

์„œ ๋ชจ์˜ ํ•™๋ ฅ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋šœ๋ ทํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์ธ์ง€๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์— ๋ˆ„์ ์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ(Shaffer & Kipp,

2014)์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ง€์  ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค

(Shaffer & Kipp, 2014). ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋„ 2์„ธ ์ด์ „์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์˜์•„๊ธฐ๋ถ€

ํ„ฐ ์„ฑ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋กœ K-BSID-II์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์€ ์˜์œ ์•„๊ธฐ

๋™์•ˆ ์ธ์ง€์™€ ๋™์ž‘์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์—ฌ์•„์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ด ๋‚จ์•„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅธ

๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค(Cho & Park, 2008). ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ K-WPPSI-IV ์ˆ˜

ํ–‰์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ(Raiford et al., 2014;

Wechsler, 2012) ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์—ฌ์•„์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ฆฐ

์—ฐ๋ น์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜

์ด๋“  ์—ฐ๋ น์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณตํ†ต์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๊ธฐ์–ต, ๋™ํ˜•์ฐพ๊ธฐ, ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ธฐ,

๋™๋ฌผ์ง์ง“๊ธฐ, ์ˆ˜์šฉ์–ดํœ˜ ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์œ ๋™์ถ”๋ก , ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์†๋„, ์–ดํœ˜์Šต

๋“, ์ธ์ง€ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „์ฒด์ง€๋Šฅ์—์„œ ์—ฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์•„๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜

๊ฒŒ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ก ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ดํœ˜, ํ† 

๋ง‰์งœ๊ธฐ, ๋ชจ์–‘๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ง€ํ‘œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‚จ์•„๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์•„๋ณด

Table 8 Subtest and Index Performance in the Older Age Range According to Gender

Subtest/Index

Boys (n = 550) Girls (n = 550)FMean SD Mean SD

IN 10.68 3.03 10.47 2.72 .49SI 9.90 2.96 10.22 2.82 6.32*VC 10.08 3.28 9.80 3.05 .05CO 10.03 2.86 10.19 2.93 2.53BD 10.82 3.40 10.43 3.07 3.12OA 10.71 2.87 10.67 2.76 .12MR 10.30 3.17 10.32 2.96 .04PC 10.05 3.37 10.07 3.29 .14PM 10.05 2.89 10.42 2.79 7.04**ZL 10.52 2.78 10.56 2.64 .34BS 10.03 3.09 10.81 3.08 14.21***CA 10.14 2.99 10.54 2.97 4.03*AC 9.71 3.05 10.57 3.26 15.66***RV 10.56 2.92 11.00 2.68 5.04*PN 10.34 2.73 10.64 2.76 3.33VCI 102.27 15.23 102.55 13.90 1.16VSI 103.73 15.61 102.42 13.85 1.91WMI 102.63 13.51 103.87 13.26 .11FRI 102.32 15.69 102.43 14.90 4.37*PSI 100.97 14.37 104.27 14.47 12.05***FSIQ 101.22 14.56 102.31 13.25 3.16*VAI 103.50 14.16 105.76 13.63 6.06*NVI 100.65 15.13 101.82 13.95 2.42GAI 102.25 15.09 101.79 13.95 .00CPI 100.04 14.83 103.04 14.24 12.17**

Note. Wilkโ€™s lambda = .943, F = 2.548***. *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.

167 Intellectual Characteristics of Korean Children

๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.

๋น„๋ก ๋ฏธ๊ตญ WPPSI-IV์—ฐ๊ตฌ(Wechsler, 2012)์—์„œ ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ณ„ ์„ฑ

๋ณ„๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋™์ž‘

์„ฑ ์†Œ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋‚จ์•„์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ์—ฌ์•„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์ž๋ฃŒ๋งŒ

์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜

์—†๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ น์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณ„ ์„ฑ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์œ ์•„๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์„ฑ์ฐจ

๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ํ›„์† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ์ฐจ๋ฅผ

ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์›์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

K-WPPSI-IV๊ฐ€ ์ถœํŒ๋˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด

์ง€๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Wechsler

์ง€๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ

์จ ์ง€๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์ฐจ์›์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ด์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ

๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธํ™”, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ถœ์‹  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์•„๋™์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• 

์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์Œ์ƒ์•„๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰, ์žํ, ์ฃผ

์˜์žฅ์•  ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ž„์ƒ์•„๋™์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ, ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€์ •์•„๋™์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋“ฑ

ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด

๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์•„๋™์˜ ์ง€์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜

๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์›ฉ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ง€๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ ์ฆ‰

K-ABC (Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children; Moon, 2014),

๋น„์–ธ์–ด์„ฑ ์ง€๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(Park, 2015) ๋ฐ ์—ญ๋™์  ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ(Feuerstein,

Feuerstein, Falik, & Rand, 2002; Sternberg, 1997) ๋“ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ

์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

Notes

This article was presented at the 2016 Annual Spring Conference of the Korean Association of Child Studies.

Conflict of Interest

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

References

In English

Carroll, J. B. (1993). Human cognitive abilities: A survey of factor-analytic studies. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Carroll, J. B. (1997). The three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities. In D. P. Flanagan, J. L. Genshaft, & P. L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests, and issues (pp. 122-130). New York: Guilford.

Feuerstein, R., Feuerstein, R. S., Falik, L., & Rand, Y. (2002). The dynamic assessment of cognitive modifiability. Jerusalem, Israel: International Center for the Enhancement of Learning Potential.

Horn, J. L., & Blankson, A. N. (2012). Foundations for better understanding of cognitive abilities. In D. P. Flanagan & P. L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, test, and issues (3rd ed., pp. 73-98). New York: Guilford.

Raiford, S. E., Coalson, D. L., & Engi, M. D. (2014) WPPSI-IV score differences across demographic groups. In S. E. Raiford & D. L. Coalson (Eds.), Essentials of WPPSI-IV assessment (pp. 215-236). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Shaffer, D., & Kipp, K. (2014). Developmental psychology: Childhood and adolescence (9th ed.). Stamford, CT: Wadworth.

Sternberg, R. (1997). Successful intelligence: How practical and creative intelligence determine success in life. New York: Plume.

Thurlow, M. L., & Ysseldyke, J. E. (1979). Current assessment and decision making practices in model LD programs. Learning Disability Quarterly, 2(4), 15-24. doi:10.2307/1510821

Ward, L. C., Bergman, M. A., & Hebert, K. R. (2012). WAIS-IV subtest covariance structure: Conceptual and statistical considerations. Psychological Assessment, 24(2), 328-340. doi:10.1037/a0025614

Wechsler, D. (2003). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (4th ed.). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.

Wechsler, D. (2008). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (4th ed.). Bloomington, MN: Pearson.

Wechsler, D. (2012). Technical and interpretative manual: WPPSI-IV . New York: Pearson.

In Korean

Cho, B., & Park, H. (2008). The standardization study (1) of Korean Bayley Scales of Infant Development (K-BSID-II): Analyses of Korean infantโ€™s performance of K-BSID-II in terms of demographical variables. The Korean Journal of Developmental Psychology, 17(1), 191-206. Retrieved from http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Article/NODE06374994

Chung, M. J., Rhee, U. H., & Park, K. J. (1993). A preliminary study on the standardization of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development for Korean infants. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 14(1), 5-21. Retrieved from http://www.kiss.kstudy.com

Park and Lee 168

Hwang, M., Park, H., & Lee, K. (2015). Correlation between K-WPPSI-IV and K-BSID-II performances. Journal of Cognitive Enhancement and Intervention, 6(1), 1-17. Retrieved from http://www.newnonmun.com/article=192839

Lee, K., Park, H., & Lee, S. (2015). A pilot study for the Korean-WPPSI-IV. The Journal of Korea Open Association for Early Childhood Education, 20(1), 811-832. Retrieved from http://kiss.kstudy.com

Moon, S. B. (2014). Korean Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children-II. Seoul: Hakjisa.

Park, H. (2015). Korean Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence-II. Seoul: Mindpress.

Park, H., Lee, K., & Ahn, D. (2016). Korean Wechsler Preschool & Primary Scale of Intelligence-IV. Seoul: Hakjisa.

Park, H., Lee, K., Lee, S., & Park, M. (2016). A study on the standardization of K-WPPSI-IV: Analyses of reliability and validity. Korean Journal of Childcare & Education, 12(4),

111-130. doi:10.14698/jkcce.2016.12.04.111Park, H., Seo, Y., & Lee, J. (2015). A study on the concurrent

validities of K-WPPSI-IV. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 36(1), 65-83. doi:10.5723/KJCS.2015.36.1.65

Song, M. J. (1995). Developmental psychology. Seoul: Hakjisa.

ORCID

Hyewon Park http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2074-6128KyungOk Lee http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6270-2145

Received October 31, 2016

Revision received December 20, 2016

Accepted December 22, 2016