intellectual development during the first year section 9-2
TRANSCRIPT
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Intellectual Development During the First Year
Section 9-2
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Learning in the First YearPerception: the ability to learn from
sensory information.
This improves with repetition
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4 New Intellectual Abilities in First Year
1. Remembering Experiences: Babies can begin to remember during
the first few months. New information can be interpreted based on past experiences.
2. Making Associations:The baby learns to make
connections between events.
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3. Understanding Cause and Effect:
Babies learn that one action results in another action or condition.
In time, babies learn that they
can make things happen.
4. Paying Attention:
A baby’s attention span gets longer.
They can focus on something
for longer periods of time.
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Intellectual Milestones• Just as there are Physical, Emotional,
and Social Milestones, there are Intellectual Milestones.
These are intellectual tasks that babies usually develop at a certain age.
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1 - 2 Months
• Gains Information through senses
• Makes eye contact
• Prefers faces to objects
• Can distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar voices
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3 - 4 Months• Can distinguish between familiar and
unfamiliar faces
• Makes vowel-consonant combinations such as “ah-goo”
• Can tell a smile from a frown
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5 - 6 Months• Is alert for longer periods of time –
up to 2 hours• Studies objects carefully• Recognizes own name• Distinguishes between
friendly and angry voices• Recognizes basic sounds of
native language
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7 - 8 Months• Imitates actions of others
• Begins to understand cause and effect
• Remembers things that have happened
• Sorts objects by size
• Solves simple problems
• Forms sounds such as
da, ga, ma, ba
• Recognizes some words
• Babbling imitates speech inflections
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Twins Talking to Each Other
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lih0Z2IbIUQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_JmA2ClUvUY
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9 - 10 Months
• Looks for dropped objects
• Responds to some words and phrases, such as “no” and “all gone”
• Takes objects out of containers
and puts them back in
• May say a few words.
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11 - 12 months
• Can point to and identify
objects in books• Fits blocks or boxes inside
one another• Says “mama” and “dada” for parents• Understands simple words and phrases like
“Come to Mommy.”• Speaks some words regularly
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Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive (Intellectual) DevelopmentJean Piaget was a famous psychologist
who observed many children to learn about their intellectual development.
His theory identified four major learning stages that take place during childhood.
He believed that everyone goes through the stages in the same order. In order to move on to the next stage, you must master the previous one.
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Stage 1: The sensorimotor Period (Birth - Age 2)
During this stage, babies learn through their senses and their own actions. At this time, neurons in the brain are establishing pathways and connections that allow learning.
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Babies learn object permanence, the fact that objects continue to exist, even when they are out of sight.
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Six sub-stages of the Sensorimotor Period
• During each sub-stage, more new learning becomes possible.
• By the end of the Sensorimotor Period, children have a consistent view of their world. Several key concepts are now possible.
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- Ability to hold an image in their mindThey can understand concepts such as “soon” and “later”.
- Imaginative PlayChildren can “pretend”.
- Symbolic ThinkingChildren understand that letters, words and numbers stand for ideas. This is critical for later learning such as reading and math.
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Stimulating Infants’ Senses
Just as stimulating the senses is crucial to physical, social, and emotional development, it is critical for proper intellectual development.
Stimulation forms and strengthens brain connections and pathways that are critical to learning.
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Concept DevelopmentConcepts: general categories of objects
and information.
Infants & young children learn by these three principles:
1.Children begin by
thinking labels are for
whole objects - not parts.
“Dog”
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2. Young children believe that labels apply to entire groups - not just individual objects“Dogs”
3. Young children believe that an object can have only one label.
“Buddy” not “Dog”
As children mature, their system of labeling becomes more complex and accurate.