intellectual property law trademarks unit-v part-ii [autosaved]

7/31/2019 Intellectual Property Law Trademarks Unit-V Part-II [Autosaved]

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IPRIPR

UNITUNIT--V PARTV PART--IIII

SANJEEV KUMARSANJEEV KUMAR CHASWALCHASWAL

ADVOCATEADVOCATE & IPR ATTORNEY& IPR ATTORNEY


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REMEDIES

LEGALLEGALLEGALLEGALLEGALLEGALLEGALLEGAL REMEDIES AGAINSTREMEDIES AGAINSTREMEDIES AGAINSTREMEDIES AGAINSTREMEDIES AGAINSTREMEDIES AGAINSTREMEDIES AGAINSTREMEDIES AGAINST

INFRINGEMENT ANDINFRINGEMENT ANDINFRINGEMENT ANDINFRINGEMENT ANDINFRINGEMENT ANDINFRINGEMENT ANDINFRINGEMENT ANDINFRINGEMENT AND

PASSING OFFPASSING OFFPASSING OFFPASSING OFFPASSING OFFPASSING OFFPASSING OFFPASSING OFF

CIVIL

Section135

CRIMINAL

Sections 102to 120 with

various

section of IPC


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CIVIL AND CRIMINAL ENFORCEMENT Suit SuitSuitSuitSuitSuitSuitSuit forforforforforforforfor permanentpermanentpermanentpermanentpermanentpermanentpermanentpermanent injunctioninjunctioninjunctioninjunctioninjunctioninjunctioninjunctioninjunction restrainingrestrainingrestrainingrestrainingrestrainingrestrainingrestrainingrestraininginfringementinfringementinfringementinfringementinfringementinfringementinfringementinfringement ofofofofofofofof trademark,trademark,trademark,trademark,trademark,trademark,trademark,trademark, passingpassingpassingpassingpassingpassingpassingpassing ofofofofofofofof andandandandandandandand //////// orororororororor

copyrightcopyrightcopyrightcopyrightcopyrightcopyrightcopyrightcopyright........

CRIMINALCRIMINALCRIMINALCRIMINAL ENFORCEMENTENFORCEMENTENFORCEMENTENFORCEMENT ----

CognizableCognizableCognizableCognizable OffenceOffenceOffenceOffence:::: Criminal complaint directly withthe police for arrest & seizure;

r m na comp a n e ore e s r c cour orseizure.

NonNonNonNon----cognizablecognizablecognizablecognizable offenceoffenceoffenceoffence:::: Criminal complaint beforethe District Court for search and seizure warrant

against infringing parties; Criminal complaint beforethe District Court for search and seizure warrantagainst unknown persons.


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Sec. 103/104 of the Trade Marks Act,Sec. 103/104 of the Trade Marks Act,Sec. 103/104 of the Trade Marks Act,Sec. 103/104 of the Trade Marks Act, 1999199919991999

SecSecSecSec. 63 and 64 of the Copyright Act,. 63 and 64 of the Copyright Act,. 63 and 64 of the Copyright Act,. 63 and 64 of the Copyright Act, 1957195719571957

STATUESSTATUESSTATUESSTATUESSTATUESSTATUESSTATUESSTATUES INVOKEDINVOKEDINVOKEDINVOKEDINVOKEDINVOKEDINVOKEDINVOKEDFORFORFORFORFORFORFORFOR CRIMINALCRIMINALCRIMINALCRIMINALCRIMINALCRIMINALCRIMINALCRIMINAL ACTIONACTIONACTIONACTIONACTIONACTIONACTIONACTION

Sec. 39 of the Geographical Indication ofSec. 39 of the Geographical Indication ofSec. 39 of the Geographical Indication ofSec. 39 of the Geographical Indication of

Goods Act, 1999Goods Act, 1999Goods Act, 1999Goods Act, 1999

SecSecSecSec. 420 of the India. 420 of the India. 420 of the India. 420 of the India PenalPenalPenalPenal CodeCodeCodeCode

SecSecSecSec. 91/93 of the Code of Criminal Proced. 91/93 of the Code of Criminal Proced. 91/93 of the Code of Criminal Proced. 91/93 of the Code of Criminal Procedureureureure


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Criminal Complaint in the Court of competent jurisdiction;

Pre summoning Evidence, for satisfying the court onthe basis of the evidence placed on record, that the

allegations by complainant are prima faciemaintainable;

PROCEDURE FOR FILING APROCEDURE FOR FILING APROCEDURE FOR FILING APROCEDURE FOR FILING APROCEDURE FOR FILING APROCEDURE FOR FILING APROCEDURE FOR FILING APROCEDURE FOR FILING A

CRIMINAL COMPLAINTCRIMINAL COMPLAINTCRIMINAL COMPLAINTCRIMINAL COMPLAINTCRIMINAL COMPLAINTCRIMINAL COMPLAINTCRIMINAL COMPLAINTCRIMINAL COMPLAINT

Warrants, along with directions to police; Raid /Search & Seizure by Police.

Investigation and arrest (if necessary) of accusedpersons;

Summons / Warrants against accused persons; Accused Appear and seek bail;

Framing of charges, after notice of allegations;

Trial - Onus of proof is on the complainant


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Passing off, Trademark

infringementPassing offPassing offPassing offPassing off

NoNoNoNo bodybodybodybody hashashashas anyanyanyany rightrightrightright totototo representrepresentrepresentrepresent hishishishis goodsgoodsgoodsgoods asasasas thethethethegoodsgoodsgoodsgoods ofofofof somebodysomebodysomebodysomebody elseelseelseelse

Lord Halsbury- Passing off action allows trader A toprevent trader B from passing their goods off as if theywere As.

Passing off is available where there is a prospect ofconfusion of identity through the unauthorized use ofsimilar marks or get up, and such use damages, or islikely to damage the goodwill and reputation of abusiness. Passing off can apply to virtually any name,mark, logo or get-up which distinguishes a company,business, product or service from the other. Passingoff attracts doctrine of strict liability: the intention ofthe person passing itself off as another trader is

irrelevant.


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Passing off action under the TradePassing off action under the Trade

Marks Act, 1999Marks Act, 1999

PASSINGPASSINGPASSINGPASSING----OFFOFFOFFOFF

In respect of unregistered trademark, action for

passing off can be initiated.

A re istered Trademark has the backin of

infringement and passing off remedies under theTrade Marks Act.

The Act does not provide for infringement action in

respect of unregistered Trademarks.

Only Passing off remedy is available in case of

unregistered Trademarks. (Section 27 of TMA Act,

1999).


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Essentials ofEssentials of PassingPassing offoffTo SucceedTo SucceedTo SucceedTo SucceedTo SucceedTo SucceedTo SucceedTo Succeed in an action for passing off, ain an action for passing off, ain an action for passing off, ain an action for passing off, ain an action for passing off, ain an action for passing off, ain an action for passing off, ain an action for passing off, a

claimant should establish that:claimant should establish that:claimant should establish that:claimant should establish that:claimant should establish that:claimant should establish that:claimant should establish that:claimant should establish that:

The claimant has a goodwillThe claimant has a goodwill

Passing off is made in the course of trade.Passing off is made in the course of trade.

The misrepresentation damages or is likely toThe misrepresentation damages or is likely to

damage the goodwill of the claimant.damage the goodwill of the claimant.

TheThe defendantdefendant mademade aa MisrepresentationMisrepresentationthatthat isis likelylikely toto deceivedeceive thethe publicpublic.


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MethodsMethodsMethodsMethodsMethodsMethodsMethodsMethods WhichWhichWhichWhichWhichWhichWhichWhich ConstitutesConstitutesConstitutesConstitutesConstitutesConstitutesConstitutesConstitutes PassingPassingPassingPassingPassingPassingPassingPassing--------offoffoffoffoffoffoffoff

FalseFalseFalseFalse representationrepresentationrepresentationrepresentation AdoptionAdoptionAdoptionAdoption ofofofof TrademarkTrademarkTrademarkTrademark whichwhichwhichwhich isisisis thethethethe samesamesamesame orororor

AAAA colourablecolourablecolourablecolourable imitationimitationimitationimitation ofofofof aaaa TrademarkTrademarkTrademarkTrademark....

AdoptionAdoptionAdoptionAdoption ofofofof essentialessentialessentialessential charactercharactercharactercharacter ofofofof aaaa TrademarkTrademarkTrademarkTrademark

CopyingCopyingCopyingCopying getgetgetget upupupup orororor colourcolourcolourcolour schemeschemeschemescheme....

ImitatingImitatingImitatingImitating thethethethe DesignDesignDesignDesign orororor shapeshapeshapeshape ofofofof goodsgoodsgoodsgoods

....

AgainstAgainstAgainstAgainst interlocutoryinterlocutoryinterlocutoryinterlocutory orderorderorderorder appealappealappealappeal lieslieslieslies

ToToToTo HighHighHighHigh CourtCourtCourtCourt andandandand thereafterthereafterthereafterthereafter

ToToToTo SupremeSupremeSupremeSupreme CourtCourtCourtCourt....

AgainAgainAgainAgain finalfinalfinalfinal orderorderorderorder appealappealappealappeal lieslieslieslies totototo HighHighHighHigh CourtCourtCourtCourt

AndAndAndAnd thereafterthereafterthereafterthereafter totototo SupremeSupremeSupremeSupreme CourtCourtCourtCourt....


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Precedents on Passing offPrecedents on Passing offIn the case ofMarksMarksMarksMarks &&&& SpencerSpencerSpencerSpencer PlcPlcPlcPlc andandandand othersothersothersothers vvvv.... OneOneOneOneinininin aaaa MillionMillionMillionMillion LtdLtdLtdLtd.... andandandand othersothersothersothers,

the deputy judge of the English Court held that:"Anyperson who deliberately registers a domain name onaccount of its similarity to the name, brand name ortrade mark of an unconnected commercialorganization must expect to find himself on thereceiving end of an in unction to restrain the threat of

passing off, and the injunction will be in terms whichwill make the name commercially useless to thedealer.

In the case of RediffRediffRediffRediff CommunicationCommunicationCommunicationCommunication LimitedLimitedLimitedLimited vvvv....CyberboothCyberboothCyberboothCyberbooth andandandand RameshRameshRameshRamesh NahataNahataNahataNahata ofofofof MumbaiMumbaiMumbaiMumbai ((((1999199919991999),),),),the Bombay High Court supported an action of passing off when the Defendants used the termRADIFF (similar to the name REDIFF of the Plaintiff)to carry on business on the Internet.


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Example of passing offExample of passing off actionaction

Domain name similar to that of known companiesare used by persons in order to promote theirproducts or services.

A company creates a website to promote hisbusiness of soft drinks and deliberately gives it thedomain name www.cocacola.com , now this

customers as that of the well known Coca-Cola andencourage them to buy the product which infact isof another company. This can be termed aspassing off.


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Decided CaseDecided Case on Passing offon Passing off

Yahoo! Inc. vs Akash Arora(1999)

FACTSFACTSFACTSFACTS:::: The defendant installed a websiteYahooindia.com nearly identical to plaintiffsrenowned yahoo.com and provided services similarto those of the plaintiff.

DECISIONDECISIONDECISIONDECISION:::: The Delhi High Court granted an injunctionrestraining defendant from using yahoo either as apart of his domain name or as a trade mark .It held

that trade mark law applies with equal force on theinternet as it does in the physical world.


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SectionSectionSectionSection 29292929 of the Trademark Act states that when aregistered trade mark is used by a person who is notentitled to use such a trade mark under the law, it constitutes infringement. A registered trade mark is

infringed ,if:-1. The mark is identical and is used in respect of similargoods or services or

2. The mark is similar to the registered trade mark and

Trademark infringementTrademark infringementTrademark infringementTrademark infringementTrademark infringementTrademark infringementTrademark infringementTrademark infringement

ere s an en y or s m ar y o e goo s orservices covered by the trade mark

3. And Such use is likely to cause confusion on the partof the public or is likely to be taken to haveassociation with the registered trade mark.

For example, if you are not the Nike company orauthorized by it, it is an infringement to sell sportsclothes called "Nikestuff


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FOLLOWING ACTS CONSTITUTEFOLLOWING ACTS CONSTITUTEFOLLOWING ACTS CONSTITUTEFOLLOWING ACTS CONSTITUTE

INFRINGEMENTINFRINGEMENTINFRINGEMENTINFRINGEMENTAffixes registered trademark to goods, manufacturers

offers, exposes, sales, stocks, or supplies goods and

services under registered trademark. Import and Export, use of registered trademark on

business papers or advertisement.

DODODODO NOTNOTNOTNOT CAUSECAUSECAUSECAUSE INFRINGEMENTINFRINGEMENTINFRINGEMENTINFRINGEMENT not taking unfair advantages of or cause. Detriment to

distinctive character or repute of trademark. Use in

relation to goods or services indicating character,quality or geographical origin. The object of use is to

indicate that the services have been performed by the

proprietor or change the condition of goods....


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If registration is confined to certain territories, use of

trade beyond those territories does not constituteinfringement, but amounts to passing-off.

Sale of goods on retail basis after purchasing the same

in bulk, except repacking.

Sale of accessories of goods such as machinery,

,

different persons.

Identical mark registered by more than one person.

sale of goods by assignee of a trademark as long as hedoes not


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ACTION FOR INFRINGEMENT &ACTION FOR INFRINGEMENT &ACTION FOR INFRINGEMENT &ACTION FOR INFRINGEMENT &

RELIEFS:- a suit can be filed in the district court havingjurisdiction.

A suit can be filed in addition to district judge in high

court of Delhi, Mumbai, Calcutta and Chennai which

have original jurisdiction.

1 mandator in unction restrainin defendants from

using trademark-

(i) damages and costs

(ii) suits for accounts

(iii) surrender of infringed goods.

(iv) surrender of labels, bills, hoardings, letter heads,

transparencies, negatives, positives, pamphlets,

brouchers, etc.,


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ACTION FOR INFRINGEMENT &ACTION FOR INFRINGEMENT &ACTION FOR INFRINGEMENT &ACTION FOR INFRINGEMENT &

RELIEFS:- The Jurisdiction of High Court could be invoked,subject to the payment of Court fees. The structure of

Court fees vary from state to state.

(1) mandatory injunction restraining defendants from

using trademark-

i dama es and costs

(ii) suits for accounts (iii) surrender of infringed goods.

(iv) surrender of labels, bills, hoardings, letter heads,

transparencies, negatives, positives, pamphlets,brouchers, etc.,


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In which court a Civil Case can be

filed against violation of IPR ?In India, the jurisdiction for the purposes of filing acivil suit, will depend upon following facts, and

subject to the following conditions:- WhereWhereWhereWhere thethethethe causecausecausecause ofofofof actionactionactionaction hashashashas accruedaccruedaccruedaccrued;;;;

WhereWhereWhereWhere thethethethe part partpartpart of ofofof thethethethe causecausecausecause of ofofof actionactionactionaction hashashashasaccrueaccrueaccrueaccrue ;;;;

WhereWhereWhereWhere thethethethe propertiespropertiespropertiesproperties //// violationsviolationsviolationsviolations areareareare takingtakingtakingtakingplaceplaceplaceplace;;;;

WhereWhereWhereWhere thethethethe defendantsdefendantsdefendantsdefendants resideresideresidereside orororor workworkworkwork forforforfor gaingaingaingain;;;; In

brief, the jurisdiction for the purposes of filing acase would depend upon the activities of thedefendants / their place of business.

UniqueUniqueUniqueUniqueUniqueUniqueUniqueUnique provisionprovisionprovisionprovisionprovisionprovisionprovisionprovision inininininininin IPIPIPIPIPIPIPIP casescasescasescasescasescasescasescases-------- CivilCivil SuitSuit cancan bebe

filedfiled inin placeplace wherewhere plaintiffplaintiff carriescarries onon businessbusiness..


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REMEDIESREMEDIES THATTHAT CANCAN BEBE OBTAINEDOBTAINED ININ AA CIVILCIVIL SUITSUIT

InjunctionInjunctionInjunctionInjunction (an order issued by the court restrainingthe defendant from dealing in infringing goods)-

Temporary / ad interim (pending proceedings in

the suit)

AntonAntonAntonAnton pillerpillerpillerpiller orderorderorderorder: Court order appointing a local

commissioner to visit the premises of the defendant &

seize the infringing goods the order is usually issued

without notice to the defendant (ex parte). MarevaMarevaMarevaMareva InjunctionInjunctionInjunctionInjunction Court uses power seize the assets

of the defendant to make order enforceable, where

there is probability of assets being disposed off.

InterlocutoryInterlocutoryInterlocutoryInterlocutory InjunctiInjunctiInjunctiInjunctionononon ---- An interlocutory applicationcan also be filed for interim injunction.

PerpetualPerpetualPerpetualPerpetual InjunctionInjunctionInjunctionInjunction---- It is final an order restraining

defendant totally for all times to come/.


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Interim / Interlocutory Injunction

Often the real remedyOften the real remedyOften the real remedyOften the real remedy

Objective:Objective:Objective:Objective:

ToToToTo maintain status quomaintain status quomaintain status quomaintain status quo Time is of essenceTime is of essenceTime is of essenceTime is of essence

Prima facie casePrima facie casePrima facie casePrima facie case

Balance of convenienceBalance of convenienceBalance of convenienceBalance of convenience

Irreparable injury if injunction not grantedIrreparable injury if injunction not grantedIrreparable injury if injunction not grantedIrreparable injury if injunction not granted

Gujarat Bottling Company v. Coca Cola 21Gujarat Bottling Company v. Coca Cola 21Gujarat Bottling Company v. Coca Cola 21Gujarat Bottling Company v. Coca Cola 21IPLR 201IPLR 201IPLR 201IPLR 201


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Ex Parte OrderEx Parte Order When the matter is extremely urgent

Injunction;

Discovery of documents;

Preserving of infringing goods, document of other

evidence related to the subject matter of the suit; Restraining the defendant from disposing off his assets in a

manner which may adversely affects rights of the IP owner, .

At a preliminary hearing of the interim application without

notice to the answeringdefendant.

Granted before the motion for interim injunction is fully

heard but for a limited period only. After grant of ex parte injunction, the Court must proceed

with disposal of the interim injunction application after the

defendant has entered appearance


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Anton Pillar Orders & John Doe Order

Sensitive in nature Pre conditions for grant:

Extremely strong prima facie case,

Damage (potential or actual) very serious, Clear evidence that defendants have in their possession,

incriminating document/ material which they may destroy.

Court appointed commissioners to enter the premises ofany suspected party and collect evidence of infringement.

Suspected party may not be named in the suit.

Indian Courts have conferred expanded powers to

commissioners- Roving commissioners

Ardath Tobacco Co. Ltd. vs. Mr. Munna Bhai & Ors.


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MarevaMareva InjunctionInjunction FreezingorderFreezingorderFreezingorderFreezingorder

Preventstheinfringer/offenderfromremoving/disposingPreventstheinfringer/offenderfromremoving/disposingPreventstheinfringer/offenderfromremoving/disposingPreventstheinfringer/offenderfromremoving/disposing

ofassetsinwhichthegainsfrominfringementhavebeenofassetsinwhichthegainsfrominfringementhavebeenofassetsinwhichthegainsfrominfringementhavebeenofassetsinwhichthegainsfrominfringementhavebeen

invested.invested.invested.invested. AimAimAimAim---- unjustenrichmentofthedefendantandtoensureunjustenrichmentofthedefendantandtoensureunjustenrichmentofthedefendantandtoensureunjustenrichmentofthedefendantandtoensure

paymentofdamagestopaymentofdamagestopaymentofdamagestopaymentofdamagestoPlaintiff.Plaintiff.Plaintiff.Plaintiff.

FinalinjunctionFinalinjunctionFinalinjunctionFinalinjunctionFinalinjunctionFinalinjunctionFinalinjunctionFinalinjunction To ascertain rights of the parties

Remedies for Breach of injunction

Police assistance Assistance of administrative bodies

Contempt proceedings


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Damages / Account of Profits

These are mutually exclusive alternative remedies

Account of profits- An equitable relief

Plaintiff adopts defendants acts as his own.

Damages- for the losses suffered by the Plaintiff onaccount of the defendants acts.

Damages- Recent trends

Time Inc. vs.Time Inc. vs.Time Inc. vs.Time Inc. vs. LokeshLokeshLokeshLokesh SrivastavaSrivastavaSrivastavaSrivastava Punitive damages awarded for the first timePunitive damages awarded for the first timePunitive damages awarded for the first timePunitive damages awarded for the first time Rs 5Rs 5Rs 5Rs 5

lakhslakhslakhslakhs

Distinction between compensatory damages andDistinction between compensatory damages andDistinction between compensatory damages andDistinction between compensatory damages andpunitive damages was made out.punitive damages was made out.punitive damages was made out.punitive damages was made out.


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Time Incorporated vs. Lokesh Srivastava

DelhiHighCourt:DelhiHighCourt:DelhiHighCourt:DelhiHighCourt:

TheTheTheThe awardawardawardaward ofofofof compensatorycompensatorycompensatorycompensatory damagesdamagesdamagesdamages totototo aaaa plaintiffplaintiffplaintiffplaintiff

isisisis aimedaimedaimedaimed atatatat compensatingcompensatingcompensatingcompensating himhimhimhim forforforfor thethethethe losslosslossloss sufferedsufferedsufferedsufferedbybybyby himhimhimhim whereas,whereas,whereas,whereas, punitivepunitivepunitivepunitive damagesdamagesdamagesdamages areareareare foundedfoundedfoundedfounded

onononon thethethethe philosophyphilosophyphilosophyphilosophy ofofofof correctivecorrectivecorrectivecorrective justicejusticejusticejustice andandandand asasasas

such,such,such,such, inininin appropriateappropriateappropriateappropriate casescasescasescases thesethesethesethese mustmustmustmust eeeeawardedawardedawardedawarded totototo givegivegivegive aaaa signalsignalsignalsignal totototo thethethethe wrongwrongwrongwrong----doersdoersdoersdoers thatthatthatthat

lawlawlawlaw doesdoesdoesdoes notnotnotnot taketaketaketake aaaa breachbreachbreachbreach merelymerelymerelymerely asasasas aaaa mattermattermattermatter

betweenbetweenbetweenbetween rivalrivalrivalrival partiespartiespartiesparties butbutbutbut feelsfeelsfeelsfeels concernedconcernedconcernedconcerned aboutaboutaboutabout

thosethosethosethose alsoalsoalsoalso whowhowhowho areareareare notnotnotnot artyartyartyarty totototo thethethethe lislislislis butbutbutbut suffersuffersuffersuffer onononon

accountaccountaccountaccount ofofofof thethethethe breachbreachbreachbreach


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Midas Hygiene Industries P. Ltd. V. Sudhir

Bhatia & Anr.SupremeCourtSupremeCourtSupremeCourtSupremeCourt

inininin casescasescasescases ofofofof infringementinfringementinfringementinfringement eithereithereithereither ofofofof trademarktrademarktrademarktrademark orororor of ofofof

copyrightcopyrightcopyrightcopyright normallynormallynormallynormally anananan injunctioninjunctioninjunctioninjunction mustmustmustmust followfollowfollowfollow.... MereMereMereMeredelaydelaydelaydelay inininin bringingbringingbringingbringing thethethethe actionactionactionaction isisisis notnotnotnot sufficientsufficientsufficientsufficient totototo

defeatdefeatdefeatdefeat grantgrantgrantgrant ofofofof injunctioninjunctioninjunctioninjunction inininin suchsuchsuchsuch casescasescasescasesthethethethe grantgrantgrantgrant

ofofofof injunctioninjunctioninjunctioninjunction alsoalsoalsoalso becomesbecomesbecomesbecomes necessarynecessarynecessarynecessary ifififif if ififif itititit primaprimaprimaprimafaciefaciefaciefacie appearsappearsappearsappears thatthatthatthat thethethethe adoptionadoptionadoptionadoption ofofofof thethethethe markmarkmarkmark itselfitselfitselfitself

waswaswaswas dishonestdishonestdishonestdishonest....


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Lakshmikant V. Patel vs. Chetanbhat

ShahSupremeCourt:SupremeCourt:SupremeCourt:SupremeCourt:

InInInInanactionforpassingoffitisusual,ratheranactionforpassingoffitisusual,ratheranactionforpassingoffitisusual,ratheranactionforpassingoffitisusual,rather

essentialtoseekaninjunction,temporaryoradessentialtoseekaninjunction,temporaryoradessentialtoseekaninjunction,temporaryoradessentialtoseekaninjunction,temporaryorad----interiminteriminteriminterim

proofproofproofproofofactualdamageisnotessentiallikelihoodofactualdamageisnotessentiallikelihoodofactualdamageisnotessentiallikelihoodofactualdamageisnotessentiallikelihood

ofdamageissufficientofdamageissufficientofdamageissufficientofdamageissufficientananananabsoluteinjunctioncanbeissuedrestrainingabsoluteinjunctioncanbeissuedrestrainingabsoluteinjunctioncanbeissuedrestrainingabsoluteinjunctioncanbeissuedrestraining

thedefendantfromusingorcarryingonbusinessthedefendantfromusingorcarryingonbusinessthedefendantfromusingorcarryingonbusinessthedefendantfromusingorcarryingonbusiness

underthePlaintiffsdistinctivetrademark.underthePlaintiffsdistinctivetrademark.underthePlaintiffsdistinctivetrademark.underthePlaintiffsdistinctivetrademark.


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Plaintiff and Defendant evidence /Plaintiff and Defendant evidence /Plaintiff and Defendant evidence /Plaintiff and Defendant evidence /

ProofProofProofProof

CertifiedCertifiedCertifiedCertified CopyCopyCopyCopy ofofofof RegisteredRegisteredRegisteredRegistered TrademarkTrademarkTrademarkTrademark Certificate,Certificate,Certificate,Certificate,

Bills,Bills,Bills,Bills, Invoices,Invoices,Invoices,Invoices, stationerystationerystationerystationery andandandand It ItItIt assessmentassessmentassessmentassessment orders,orders,orders,orders,

Advertisements,Advertisements,Advertisements,Advertisements, AuditedAuditedAuditedAudited BalanceBalanceBalanceBalance Sheets,Sheets,Sheets,Sheets, Packages,Packages,Packages,Packages,

BoxesBoxesBoxesBoxes EtcEtcEtcEtc....,,,, PhotographsPhotographsPhotographsPhotographs

Defendants Documents / ProofDefendants Documents / ProofDefendants Documents / ProofDefendants Documents / Proof

Photographs, bills and invoices, product, packages,Photographs, bills and invoices, product, packages,Photographs, bills and invoices, product, packages,Photographs, bills and invoices, product, packages,

Pamphlets, advertisements, Affidavit of Persons whoPamphlets, advertisements, Affidavit of Persons whoPamphlets, advertisements, Affidavit of Persons whoPamphlets, advertisements, Affidavit of Persons who

have knowledge about infringementhave knowledge about infringementhave knowledge about infringementhave knowledge about infringement....


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Civil vs. CriminalCivil vs. Criminal

Less hassle for the plaintiffLess hassle for the plaintiffLess hassle for the plaintiffLess hassle for the plaintiff

Jurisdictional advantageJurisdictional advantageJurisdictional advantageJurisdictional advantage

Interlocutory InjunctionsInterlocutory InjunctionsInterlocutory InjunctionsInterlocutory Injunctions

DamagesDamagesDamagesDamages

HoweverHoweverHoweverHowever

No deterrenceNo deterrenceNo deterrenceNo deterrence

No fear factorNo fear factorNo fear factorNo fear factor---- no arrestno arrestno arrestno arrest

Expensive & lengthyExpensive & lengthyExpensive & lengthyExpensive & lengthy


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REMEDIES - CIVIL

CIVILCIVILCIVILCIVIL----ADVANTAGESADVANTAGESADVANTAGESADVANTAGES::::

Anton Piller Order,

similar to police.

Matter in control.

CIVILCIVILCIVILCIVIL ----DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES::::

Less deterrent effect.

Less publicity.

High Cost of litigation.

Permanent injunction.

The order can be used

for future actions.

Possibility of Damages

etc.

Consumes more timeto reach logical

conclusion.


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REMEDIES-CRIMINAL

CRIMINALCRIMINALCRIMINALCRIMINAL----ADVANTAGESADVANTAGESADVANTAGESADVANTAGES::::

Immediate deterrent

effect.

Lots of publicity.

May lead to Arrest.

CRIMINALCRIMINALCRIMINALCRIMINAL----

DISADVATAGESDISADVATAGESDISADVATAGESDISADVATAGES::::

Cant settle.

A state case. Matter not in control.

As a complainant, to

May lead toconviction.

Less expensive.

e presen on eacdate of hearing.

No permanentinjunction.

No damages etc.


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ExampleExample ofof aa successfulsuccessful civilcivil

enforcementenforcement actionaction 3 suits filed by Adidas

Saloman AG in the DelhiHigh Court againstcounterfeiters

,

infringing goods were seizedby the Local Commissioner

Cases were decreed recently& damages of Rs. 15 lakhswas awarded to AdidasSaloman


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Example of a successful criminalExample of a successful criminalExample of a successful criminalExample of a successful criminal

enforcement actionenforcement actionenforcement actionenforcement action

Criminal raids conducted

in 2003 by the EconomicOffences Wing, Delhi

Police upon a complaint

.

Printers printing

counterfeit stickers &

labels- Levis, Adidas, Lee,DKNY, Timberland


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Damages- recent trends Microsoft Corporation vs.Microsoft Corporation vs.Microsoft Corporation vs.Microsoft Corporation vs. YogeshYogeshYogeshYogesh PapatPapatPapatPapat &&&& anranranranr. 2005. 2005. 2005. 2005

(1) CTMR 424(1) CTMR 424(1) CTMR 424(1) CTMR 424

HighestHighestHighestHighest costs and Damages ever awarded for IPcosts and Damages ever awarded for IPcosts and Damages ever awarded for IPcosts and Damages ever awarded for IP

infringement by Indian Courtsinfringement by Indian Courtsinfringement by Indian Courtsinfringement by Indian Courts Approximately Rs 20Approximately Rs 20Approximately Rs 20Approximately Rs 20 lakhslakhslakhslakhs

Criminal Remedies- TM/ CR Cognizable offenceCognizable offenceCognizable offenceCognizable offence

ImprisonmentImprisonmentImprisonmentImprisonment---- 6 months to 3 years6 months to 3 years6 months to 3 years6 months to 3 years

FineFineFineFine---- Rs 50,000 to 2Rs 50,000 to 2Rs 50,000 to 2Rs 50,000 to 2 lakhslakhslakhslakhs Enhanced penalty on subsequent convictions.Enhanced penalty on subsequent convictions.Enhanced penalty on subsequent convictions.Enhanced penalty on subsequent convictions.

Seizure, forfeiture and destruction of infringingSeizure, forfeiture and destruction of infringingSeizure, forfeiture and destruction of infringingSeizure, forfeiture and destruction of infringinggoods/ material for placing before the Magistrate.goods/ material for placing before the Magistrate.goods/ material for placing before the Magistrate.goods/ material for placing before the Magistrate.