IntelligenceYou can’t see it-But you know it’s there!

What is intelligence? Ability to understand complex ideas Ability to adapt to the environment Ability to learn from experience Reason (conclusions based on

information)

Types of Intelligence…..Crystalized Intelligence Fluid Intelligence

Theory of Multiple Intelligence

Howard Gardner

Types of Intelligence…. Logical-

mathematical Verbal-linguistic Musical Bodily-kinesthetic Spatial Interpersonal Intrapersonal Naturalist

Are these intelligenceOrTalents?

Emotional IntelligenceThe ability to perceive, express,

understand, and regulate emotions.People high in emotional intelligence

are more in touch with their feelings and the feelings of others.

Strong interpersonal and intrapersonal skill

Intelligence Tests= Controversial

Not reliable prior to age 6 After middle school- little change up

to age 70 (except fluid intelligence which starts to decline by age 30)

Other decline: Drugs/alcohol Chronic illness Environmental factors Importance of Reliability and Validity

History of IQ tests….. Alfred Binet 1904 Tried to identify

“slow learners” Original test

adapted by Lewis Terman (Stanford University) in 1916.

Test became the Stanford-Binet

Intelligence quotient (IQ)

Sample Stanford-Binet Questions

2 year-old: On a large paper doll; points out the hair, mouth, feet, ears, nose, hands and eyes

2 Year-old: When shown a bridge built of 4 blocks; builds one like it

3 Year-old: When shown a bridge built of 3 blocks; builds one like it

3 Year-old: when shown a drawing of a circle, copies it correctly

Sample 4 year-old questions Preeencha a palavra que esta

faltando quando perguntado: “Irmao e um menion: Irma e uma ______________.”

“Na luz do dia esta claro, a noite esta___________________.”

Porque temos casa?”_______________“Porque temos

livros?”______________

4 Year-old: Fills in missing word when asked: “Brother is a boy; sister is a ____”, In daylight it is light; at night it is_____”

4 Year-old: Answers correctly: why do we have houses? Why do we have books?

5 Year-old: Define: ball, hat, stove 5 Year-old: Copies a square correctly 9 Year-old: Answers correctly when

examiner says: “In an old graveyard in Spain they have discovered a small skull which they believe to be that of Christopher Columbus when he was about 10 years old. What is foolish about that?

An adult: Can describe the difference between laziness and idleness, poverty and misery, character and reputation.

An adult: Answers correctly: which direction would you have to face so your right hand would be toward the north?

David Wechsler (1896-1981)Developer of the

most widely used individual intelligence tests in the United States, which were the first tests to report scores for both verbal and nonverbal scores.

Wechsler Intelligence Scales Intelligence test,

developed by Weschler which included: Different tests for

different age groups Separate scores for

verbal and nonverbal abilities

Subtests

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test

Achievement TestsTests that attempt

to measure what the test-taker has accomplished.

i.e. classroom tests at the end of a unit

Aptitude Tests

Tests that attempt to predict the test-taker’s future performance.

Examples: ACT and SAT

Bell Curve for Intelligence

Mental Retardation IQ score below 70 & a

significant impairment in basic skills.

30-40% effected have no known cause

50% have organic cause (birth injury, genetic abnormality, etc.)

Most commonly recognized: Down Syndrome

Savant Syndrome (retardation & “island of genius”.

Autism vs. Asperger Syndrome

Developmental disorders… Pervasive

Developmental Disorder (includes Autism Spectrum & Asperger’s Disorder

Attention Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Impairments in Social interaction.

abnormally intense focus in a specific area of interest

Rituals or routines

Gifted Children: even the name is controversial

IQ over 140Global, integrative mental capacity- giftedness is more than just academic achievement.Lewis Terman’s 80-year study of 1,500 gifted children…..Misconceptions: gifted are peculiar gifted are physically inferior more susceptible to mental illness

Is it a Cheetah?

Is Intelligence genetic?What is the evidence?

Francis Galton/Eugenics?

Case for Nature Gene studies Scarr research Identical twins

reared apart

Case for Nurture “enriched”

environment can improve school improvement (5)

Increasing IQ scores around the world= The Flynn effect

Milwaukee Project Stereotype Threat