INTELLIGENT SECURITY SYSTEMS USING EMBEDDED SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION

The normal heart rate of men is 72-beats/min.The normal heart rate of women is 80-beats/min.The normal body temperature is 98.4 F. Heart beat sensor and the Temperature sensor.Sensor attached to all the passenger seats.The output can also be blowing out a toxic gas.All the passengers including the hijacker to a drowsy state.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

 TEMPERATURE     SENSOR

 HEARTBEAT   SENSOR

 MICROCONTROLLER

 DESIREDOUTPUT

Heart beat sensor Phonocardiography employs the following :

Air coupled microphone : In this type, the movement of the chest is transferred via an air cushion and presents low mechanical impedance to the chest.

Contact microphone : It is directly coupled to the chest wall and presents a higher impedance, sensitivity , low noise and light weight.

Temperature Sensor

The LM335 series are precision, easily calibrated, integrated circuit temperature sensors.

Operating as a 2-terminal zener, the LM335 has a breakdown voltage directly proportional to

absolute temperature at +10mV/k.

 With less than 1Ω dynamic impedance the device operated over a current range of 400micro Amperes to 5mA with virtually no change in performance. When calibrated at 25’C the LM335 has typically less than 1’C error over a 100’C temperature change.

Applications for the LM335 include almost any type of temperature sensing over a –40’C to +100’C temperature ranges.

The low impedance and linear output make interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy. The LM135 operates over a –55’C to +150’C temperature range while the LM235 operates over a –40’C to +125’C temperature range.

The LM135/LM235/LM335 are available packaged in hermetic TO-46 transistor packages while the LM335 is also available in plastic packages.

FEATURESDirectly calibrated in Kelvin1’C initial accuracy availableOperates from 400micro Amperes to 5 milli

AmperesEasily calibratedWide operating temperature range

SPECIAL FEATURES 

512 bytes EEPROMEndurance: 1,00,000 write/erase cyclesProgramming lock for software security8 channel, 10bit ADC On chip analog comparatorReal time clock(RTC) with separate oscillator

and counter modeOperating voltage : Vcc: 4-6 V

PIN DIAGRAM

AlgorithmStartDefine pinsAllot PA0 pin of port A and PC0 pin of port C as inputsCall A/D conversion to get the current values of

temperatureInitialize TIMER/COUNTER 1Check the set switchIf set switch is high, select temperature sensorSet desire value using decrementing and incrementing

keysWrite the value in EEPROM

If set switch is low, select heart beat sensorSet desire value using decrementing and incrementing

keysWrite the value in EEPROMDisplay these valuesWhen set switch is low, select control mode for

displaying current valueTIMER1 acts as a control and increments for every

pulseDisplay the counter value for every 1 minuteThe counter value is checked with the preset heart

beat values

If counter value is higher than the preset value, check for temperature value

If temperature value is also higher than preset value then go for output

TIMER1 acts as a control and increments for every pulse

Display the counter value for every 1 minuteThe counter value is checked with the preset heart beat

valuesIf counter value is higher than the preset value, check

for temperature valueIf temperature value is also higher than preset value

then go for output.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Temperature sensor              PA0                            AVcc         Vcc heart beat sensor                 PA3                            Aref          5 V                                                                   Agnd     GND

                       Vcc             Vcc          XTAL2 crystal                i/p                      XTAL1                                                     PD5                                                                                                   

                                                                                                                                                                                 A           q1 GND               GND                                     PD6                                                                                                        q2  KEY1          PC1                                                                                                        B               q5 KEY2                                                        PD7                                                                                                         OUTPUT         PC2                                                                                                         C                q12                 PC3                                      PC0                                                                    KEY3 R                                                                      BUFFER                                                                                                                                                                                                                     D       q4                                                                                                                                                                                                                         q0                     

Ic 75154

OPERATIONHeart beat sensor output controller (port A).A value for normal heart beat which is set

already is compared to the counter value.Temperature sensor output controller (port A).A value for normal temperature sensor which is

set already is compared to the counter value.Toxic gas will come out, it makes the all of

them in drowsy state.

Problems and preventions measures

A problem that could arise is the hijacker may wear safety masks and may resist the gas?

Solution: The oxygen level inside the cabin may be reduced to a certain extent. This will make every person inside the cabin fall asleep.

The hijacker may take control and in turn the plane?

Solution: Every plane has an automatic mode of control called the autopilot mode. This facilitates the control of the plane right from the ground station when this mode is kept ON. 

The passengers may attain the abnormal condition in many situations like:

Anyone of the passengers may be severely ill so that others may fear about those persons. The plane may be about to crash due to any failures and there may be a condition for emergency landing and immediate evacuating from the plane. In such situations if the patients were unconscious then it would lead to disaster?

Solution: In such conditions as explained, the pilot may cut off, the supply to the whole arrangement and hence the system will be inactive.

Scope for future developmentThe heart beat sensor is not that efficient and

sensitive to be for the system.

When operate for costlier sensors may be more effective and hence could be used for real time applications.

The same idea can also be used in medical field as a patient monitoring system.

Conclusion Even though many security systems are available

they may be easily fault. This system which works automatically acts as an

efficient security system.It is highly essential to monitor the occurrence of

hijacking every time.