intensive monitoring brasschaat - bayern · hoeilaart 2102- zoniënwoud beech. ... 2007. thank you!...
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Intensive monitoring Brasschaat
F. Vermeiren, J. Neirynck, A. Verstraeten, P. Roskams
FutMon Workshop D3 Freising, 2010
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Introduction: IM1 plots in Flanders, Belgium
0 50 100
Location Nr- Plot Species
Torhout 1102- Wijnendalebos Beech
Ravels 1402- Ravelsbos Cors. pine
Brasschaat 1502- De Inslag Scots pine
Gontrode 1602- Aelmoeseneiebos Oak&Beech
Hoeilaart 2102- Zoniënwoud Beech
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De Inslag, Brasschaat: 51°18’N, 4°31’E
(image: Google Earth, Tele Atlas 2010)
• Core plot “De Inslag” located in Brasschaat
• Plateau of the northern lower plain (northern Campine)
• SW: Antwerp, W: petro industry (harbour), E: intensive livestock
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Anthropogenic stress factors
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
N
NNE
NE
ENE
E
ESE
SE
SSE
S
SSW
SW
WSW
W
WNW
NW
NNW
NH3
SO2
NO
NO2
Measurements of gradients and fluxes
• SO2 : harbour
• NH3: intensive livestock (Wuustwezel, Brecht, Malle,….)
• NOX: highway E19, traffic (sub)urban
• Similar pollution pattern for other nature and forest sites in the region
µmol m-3
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Intensive Monitoring Site “De Inslag” (0.25 ha)
• Stand: 81-year-old (1929) first generation plantation of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)
• Located within a 150 ha mixed coniferous/deciduous forest
• Understory: birch (Betula pendula), European rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), oak (Quercus robur, Q.rubra) and Scots pine
• Ground vegetation: various grasses, brambles (Rubus sp.), heather (Calluna vulgaris) and diverse types of mosses
• Elevation: 16 m• Tower: 40 m tower (image)• Topography: flat (0.3 %)• Haplic Podzol (FAO, 1988): sand
deposits covering a 0.5 m thick loamy clay layer at ±1.75 m of depth
• Networks: ICP Forests Level II (1502) & CarboEurope-IP
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Meteo sensors (J. Neirynck & P. Roskams, 2007)
Variable height (m) sensor spec.
Relative humidity 2, 24, 40 Vaisala HMP 243, Dewpoint transmitter
Temperature 2, 24, 40 Vaisala HMP 244, PT100
Precipitation 40 NINA Precipitation pulse transmitter Siggelkow Gmbh
Depth GWT -1 PDCR11830 Pressure Transducer, Campbell
Wind direction 40 Potentiometer windvane W200P, Campbell
Wind speed 24, 32, 40 LISA Siggelkow (new)
Wind speed 40 Anemometer Didcot DWR-205 G (old)
Net-radiometer 40 Pyrano/pyrgeometer CNR1 Kipp & Zonen
Solar radiation 40 Pyrano CM6B (Kipp & Zonen), dome solarimeter
Soil temperature -0.02 & -0.09 Soil thermometer, Didcot DPS-404, PT100
Soil heat flux -0.02 & -0.19 Heat flux plate Campbell HFT03, CSI, thermocouple
Air pressure 1.5 Barometer SETRA, pressure sensor
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Meteo Tower
Exchange of atmospheric nitrogen above a Scots pine forest – Implications for nitrogen cycling
- Sonic anemometer (flux, gradiënt)
- Profiles of wind speed, temperature, vapour pressure
- Leaf wetness sensor (new: Decagon)
- Global radiation, net radiation
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RH & T (2, 24, 40 m)
• Relative humidity and temperature measurements
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Open field: Bulk collectors and wet only
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Soil Profile (J. Mikkelsen et al 2008)
• H1-3, -8-0 cm: O-horizon L/F/H
• H4, 0-31 cm: Ap1-horizon
• H5, 31-36/48 cm: Ap2 - horizon remains of a single time deep ploughing
• H6, 36/48-52/77 cm: E horizon
• H7, 40/57-56/83 cm: Bg1
• H8, 65-100 cm: Bg2
• H9: tongues (remnants of decaying roots -very local)
• H10, 65-125 cm (simplified): Bg3
• H11, H12, 100-… cm: 2Cg/r, sand
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Determination of SWR curve (N. Cools, FSCC) and other soil parameters
• Determination of SWC curve following the FutMon SA14 field protocol:– Using sand and kaolin/sand
suction tables and pressure membrane plates (Eijkelkamp)
– Volumetric water content at matric potential pF 0.0 (saturation), 1.0, 1.7, 2.0 (field capacity sand), 2.5, 3.0, 3.4, 4.2 (permanent wilting point)
– Dry bulk density
– Saturated Hydraulic conductivity
• Texture: (clay (0 -2 ųm), silt (2 -63 ųm) and sand (63 – 2000 ųm) by pipette method)
• Organic carbon content (TOC analyser)
• Roots (#)
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EM38 (Cockx, Van Meirvenne & De Vos 2007)
• Shallow vs deep clay layer • Calibration of EM38 in Hoeilaart, beech forest (plot 2102)
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Soil moisture (Fieldmap, K. Van de Kerckhoven 2009)
• 2 old locations TDR (since 1997, 2000): biweekly with Tektronix
• 3 new locations FDR, CS616 (FutMon D3, 2010): 6-hourly with CR1000 logger (Campbell Sci)
Appr. 8-10m
Logger
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TDR: handmade probes, 50 cm rods, tektronix 1502B, coax
Fig. Experimental setup Level II
(Verstraeten et al 2005)
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FDR since 2010 (recent installation)
• CR1000 logger • SWC: 4 depths, 3 locations
• ST: 4 depths, 1 location
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Comparative test: 30 through fall collectors
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LAI (Pleco, UA)
• LAI is low (< 2), disperse forest
• Thinning in 1999
• Fish eye (UA and INBO)
• LAI2000 (INBO)
LAI Brasschaat
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
1
21
41
61
81
101
121
141
161
181
201
221
241
261
281
301
321
341
361
DOY
LAI98
LAI2000
LAI2007
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Thank you!
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klad
mean tree height 21 m
mean dbh 0.29 cm
tree/stand age 80 year a (valid for 2009)
stems/ha 377 trees/ha
surface
canopy coverage vertical canopy projection 65 %
leaf area index min => PAI 1.3 PAI
leaf area index max => PAI 1.8 PAI
LAI max- begin (average) 155 DOY
LAI max- end (average) 217 DOY
specific leaf area / m²/(kg DM)
stem area index / see LAI2000
litter fall (C, N in leaf, fruits, bark, wood) => kg/m²/a
roots
max. rooting depth >160 cm
vegetation period
phenology- begin of veg. period (average) 109-117 DOY
phenology- end of veg. period (average) 291-318 DOY
vegetation surface
albedo 0.08