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Lesson 04:Interconnect Networks
Chapter 12: Multiprocessor Architectures
Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Computer ArchitectureCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Indian Special Edition 2009
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Objective
• To understand different interconnect networks• To learn crossbar switch, hypercube,
multistage and combining networks
Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Computer ArchitectureCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Indian Special Edition 2009
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Crossbar Switches (Matrix Switch) for dynamic interconnections
Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Computer ArchitectureCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Indian Special Edition 2009
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Crossbar switch
Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Computer ArchitectureCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Indian Special Edition 2009
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Crossbar switches for dynamic interconnections
• Each processor has switch to memory bus horizontally and processor-to-switch links vertically
• A switch S having four I/O paths (0, 1, 2, 3) provides the following twelve paths (assume even paths horizontal, odd paths vertical): 0-2, 0-1, 0-3, 1-0, 1-2 1-3, 2-0, 2-1, 2-3, 3-0, 3-1, 3-2
Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Computer ArchitectureCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Indian Special Edition 2009
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Hypercube Networks
Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Computer ArchitectureCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Indian Special Edition 2009
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Hypercube (3-cube) networks
Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Computer ArchitectureCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Indian Special Edition 2009
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Hypercube (n-cube) networks
Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Computer ArchitectureCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Indian Special Edition 2009
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Multistage Networks
Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Computer ArchitectureCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Indian Special Edition 2009
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Multistage (Butterfly) network m stage n switches multistage
Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Computer ArchitectureCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Indian Special Edition 2009
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Butterfly connection
• The 0th output of stage j switch k connects to 1st
input of stage j +1 switch k–1 and 1stt output of stage j switch k–1 connects to 0th input of stage j+ 1 switch k
Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Computer ArchitectureCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Indian Special Edition 2009
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Multistage (Butterfly) connection at 0th stage
Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Computer ArchitectureCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Indian Special Edition 2009
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Butterfly and Shuffle connections in Banyan-Delta Networks
Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Computer ArchitectureCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Indian Special Edition 2009
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Multistage Network
• Banyan network • m stage n switches multistage network example
with butterfly and shuffle connections
Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Computer ArchitectureCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Indian Special Edition 2009
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Butterfly and Shuffle connections in Banyan-Delta Networks
• Butterfly help in one switch up or down, when the route path changes from stage j to j + 1
• One switch up or down, when the route path changes from stage j to j + 1
Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Computer ArchitectureCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Indian Special Edition 2009
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Butterfly and Shuffle connections in Banyan-Delta Networks
• Shuffle helps the 1st output of stage j switch kconnects to 0th input of stage j +1 switch k + iand 0th output of stage j switch k + i –1 connects to 1st input of stage j + 1 switch k
Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Computer ArchitectureCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Indian Special Edition 2009
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Multistage (Butterfly) and Shuffle connections at the stages
Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Computer ArchitectureCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Indian Special Edition 2009
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Banyan Network Connections table for 4 ×××× 14 stages
Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Computer ArchitectureCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Indian Special Edition 2009
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Combining in Networks
Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Computer ArchitectureCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Indian Special Edition 2009
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Combining network bus requests
Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Computer ArchitectureCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Indian Special Edition 2009
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Summary
Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Computer ArchitectureCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Indian Special Edition 2009
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• Crossbar switch interconnects for multiprocessor networks
• Hypercube interconnects• Multistage interconnects• Combining the interconnect network
memory requests
We Learnt
Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Computer ArchitectureCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Indian Special Edition 2009
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End of Lesson 04 onInterconnect Networks