intercountry adoptions
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INTERCOUNTRY ADOPTIONS. 2002 – 2012 A STATISTICAL OVERVIEW AND ANALYSIS Prepared by the Office of Senator Mary Landrieu. i. INTERNATIONAL ADOPTION IN DECLINE WORLDWIDE. WORLDWIDE DOWNTURN. U.S. DOWNTURN. 62%. NON-U.S. DOWNTURN. 38%. MAIN POINTS:. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
INTERCOUNTRYADOPTIONS
2002 – 2012
A STATISTICAL OVERVIEW AND ANALYSISPrepared by the Office of Senator Mary Landrieu
i
INTERNATIONAL ADOPTION IN DECLINE WORLDWIDE
WORLDWIDE DOWNTURN
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 -
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
INTERNATIONAL ADOPTIONS
48%
U.S. DOWNTURN
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 -
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
U.S. INTERNATIONAL ADOPTIONS
62%
NON-U.S. DOWNTURN
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
NON-U.S. INTERNATIONAL ADOPTIONS
38%
MAIN POINTS:
• Intercountry adoptions by all receiving countries have declined by almost half when the number of children living without families has continued to grow.
• Intercountry adoptions to the U.S. have declined 24% faster than to the rest of the world.
DECLINING U.S. ADOPTIONS AND THE IMPACT OF HAGUE
U.S. ADOPTIONS OVERVIEW2002-2012
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 -
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
Pink shows Hague adop-
tions
Blue shows Non-Hague adoptions
Hague Adoption Convention enters into force in the United States
HOW ADOPTIONS TO U.S. FELL2004-2005: 257. Russian adoptions fell by 1,200 but Guatemala and China grew to offset loss.
2005-2006: 2,054 Chinese and Russian adoptions fell by 1,500 and 900 respectively. Modest growth elsewhere helped offset loss.
2006-2007: 1,072. Chinese and Russian adoptions still falling fast. Offset by growth in Guatemala, Vietnam, and Ethiopia.
2007-2008: 2,152. Chinese, Russian and Guatemalan adoptions falling. Growth in Ethiopia.
2008-2009: 4,712. Closure of Guatemala due to Hague entry into force in U.S. led to drop of over 3,500. China also down by 900. Ethiopia still growing.
Hague entered into force in U.S.
HOW ADOPTIONS TO U.S. FELL2009-2010: 1,674. Guatemala and Vietnam programs ended completely. Russia declined. Ethiopia and China grew to offset. 2010-2011: 1,774. China and Ethiopia both down 800 each.
2011-2012: 570. Most countries declined, although not sharply.
2012-2013 estimate: 800 or more. Russia has banned all adoptions to the U.S. for a drop of 800.
IF THE U.S. HAD MAINTAINED THE 2004 LEVEL OF INTERNATIONAL ADOPTIONS, INSTEAD OF EIGHT STRAIGHT YEARS OF DECLINE:
NEARLY 62,000 MORE CHILDREN WOULD HAVE FAMILIES.
HAGUE VS. NON-HAGUE IN 2009• In 2009, U.S. families adopted 12,744 children internationally:
• 12,031 non-Hague adoptions (94%)• 713 Hague adoptions (6%)
Non-Hague, 94%
Hague, 6%
ADOPTIONS TO THE U.S. 2009
Top sending countries for 2009 (100+ arrivals in the year):
4 Hague:
• China• India• Colombia• Philippines
10 Non-Hague
• Ethiopia• Russia• South Korea• Ukraine• Uganda• Taiwan• Nigeria• Congo• Haiti• Ghana
Country Hague Total
China Y 3,000
Ethiopia N 2,275
Russia N 1,586
South Korea N 1,079
Guatemala Y 754
Ukraine N 610
Vietnam Y 481
Haiti N 330
India Y 297
Kazakhstan Y 295
Philippines Y 281
Taiwan N 253
Colombia Y 238
Nigeria N 109
Ghana N 103
HAGUE VS. NON-HAGUE IN 2010• In 2010, U.S. families adopted 11,058 children internationally:
• 8,768 non-Hague adoptions (79%)• 2,290 Hague adoptions (21%)
Non-Hague, 79%
Hague, 21%
ADOPTIONS TO THE U.S. 2010
Top sending countries for 2010 (100+ arrivals in the year):
4 Hague:
• China• India• Colombia• Philippines• Kazakhstan
9 Non-Hague
• Ethiopia• Russia• South Korea• Ukraine• Taiwan• Nigeria• Congo• Haiti• Ghana
Country Hague Total
China Y 3,401Ethiopia N 2,511Russia N 1,079South Korea N 865Ukraine N 450Taiwan N 282India Y 241Colombia Y 235Philippines Y 216Nigeria N 189Kazakhstan Y 181Haiti N 133Ghana N 117
HAGUE VS. NON-HAGUE IN 2011• In 2011, U.S. families adopted 9,319 children internationally:
• 6,584 non-Hague adoptions (71%)• 2,735 Hague adoptions (29%)
Non-Hague,
71%
Hague, 29%
ADOPTIONS TO THE U.S. 2011
Top sending countries for 2011 (100+ arrivals in the year):
4 Hague:
• China• Philippines• India• Colombia
10 Non-Hague
• Ethiopia• Russia• South Korea• Ukraine• Uganda• Taiwan• Nigeria• Congo• Ghana• Jamaica
Country Hague TotalChina Y 2,587Ethiopia N 1,732Russia N 962South Korea N 736Ukraine N 640Philippines Y 229India Y 226Colombia Y 216Uganda N 207Taiwan N 205Nigeria N 149Dem. Rep. of Congo N 133Ghana N 100Jamaica N 100
HAGUE VS. NON-HAGUE IN 2012• In 2012, U.S. families adopted 8,668 children internationally:
• 5,043 non-Hague adoptions (58%)• 3,625 Hague adoptions (42%)
Non-Hague, 58%
Hague, 42%
ADOPTIONS TO THE U.S. 2012• The children adopted came from 27 Hague countries and 34 non-
Hague countries.• Top sending countries for 2012 (100+ arrivals in the year):
5 Hague:
• China• Colombia• India• Bulgaria• Philippines
10 Non-Hague
• Ethiopia• Russia• South Korea• Ukraine• Congo• Uganda• Nigeria• Taiwan• Ghana• Haiti
Country Hague TotalChina Y 2,697Ethiopia N 1,568Russia N 748South Korea N 627Ukraine N 395Dem. Rep. of Congo N 240Uganda N 238Nigeria N 197Colombia Y 195Taiwan N 177Ghana N 171India Y 159Haiti N 154Bulgaria Y 125Philippines Y 125
MAIN POINTS:• Hague adoptions are a growing percentage
of an decreasing number of adoptions
• Hague adoptions growing at an anemic pace
• A few countries account for the large majority of adoptions to the U.S.
• China is the only large sending country that is also a Hague partner
OPPORTUNITIES MISSED
HAGUE COUNTRIES WHERE THE U.S. COULD DO MORE (examples)
-
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
COLOMBIA
OtherU.S.
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
- 50
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
POLAND
OtherU.S.
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
- 100 200 300 400 500 600
THAILAND
OtherU.S.
- 100 200 300 400 500 600
BRAZIL
OtherU.S.
HAGUE COUNTRIES THAT NEED HELP IMPROVING THINGS• Cambodia – closed since 2001• Guatemala – closed since 2008• Kenya – non-functioning since Hague• Romania – closed since 2004• Cape Verde, Fiji, Montenegro, Rwanda,
and Senegal – closed, U.S. considers non-compliant
- 500
1,000 1,500 2,000
VIETNAM
OtherU.S.
• Vietnam – closed since 2008, although other countries actively working there
NON-HAGUE COUNTRIES THAT CAN GROW AND IMPROVE TOO
• Dem Rep. of Congo –growing program• Ethiopia –program struggling• Ghana –program suspended• Haiti – working to join Hague• Nigeria –growing program• Uganda –growing program
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
- 50
100 150 200 250
Uganda
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
- 500
1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000
Ethiopia
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
- 50
100 150 200 250
Nigeria
MAIN POINTS:• U.S. Central Authority does not work proactively
with other countries to develop international adoption programs.
• Children who need families are the victims of this lack of U.S. Government action.
•We can do better.