intercultural competence and the cefr · projekt: vermittlung interkultureller kompetenzen im...
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INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE AND THE CEFR
WHAT’S THE CONNECTION?
TEASIG-EALTA CONFERENCE, Barcelona 29 October 2010
1. Culture is a Verb
2. Filling the Gaps
3. Testing Intercultural Competence
4. Teaching Intercultural Competence
Judith Mader, Rudi Camerer
Projekt: Vermittlung interkultureller Kompetenzen imFremdsprachenunterricht der Schulformen der Sekundarstufe I und II desSaarlandes Englisch & Französisch (2007 bis 2008).
Teaching & Testing Material
Train-the-trainer sessions
Teaching & Testing Material
elc – European Language CompetenceBeethovenplatz 1-3D – 60325 Frankfurt am Main
Bahnhofstrasse 28D – 66111 Saarbrücken
www.elc-consult.com
Federal Institute for Vocational Training (BIBB)
Chambers of Commerce: Intercultural Competence in English (ICE)
Assessment Tests and training sessions
Austrian Chambers of Commerce: Intercultural Competence in English (ICE)
TEACHER TRAINING COURSESin SAARLAND, NRW and HESSEN
Intercultural Competence in English (ICE)
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Brian V. Street. Culture is a Verb: Anthropological aspects of language and cultural process. InDavid Graddol, Linda Thompson, Mike Byram. Language and Culture. Clevedon 1993.
“CULTURE IS A VERB”Brian V. Street
The question is not what culture is, but what culture DOES.
“Culture is an active process of meaning makingand contest over definition, including its own definition.”
Brian V. Street. Culture is a Verb: Anthropological aspects of language and cultural process. InDavid Graddol, Linda Thompson, Mike Byram. Language and Culture. Clevedon 1993.
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1971 Council of Europe conference on “Unit Credit System”
1995 First draft of the CEFR published by the Council of Europe
2001 The CEFR published by the Council of Europe
1975 Threshold Level published by the Council of Europe
The CEFR – 30 years of discussions
The European Union has 23 official languages,and as the EU enlarges, the number will increase further.
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The aims and objectives of Council of Europelanguage policy:
…To equip all Europeans for the challenges of intensified internationalmobility and closer co-operation not only in education, culture and
science but also in trade and industry.(CEFR p. 3)
The European Union has 23 official languages,and as the EU enlarges, the number will increase further.
1.6 What criteria must CEF meet?
multi-purpose:flexible: adaptable for use in different circumstances
open: capable of further extension and refinement
dynamic: in continuous evolution in response to experience in its use
user-friendly:
non-dogmatic: not irrevocably and exclusively attached toany one of a number of competing linguistic or educationaltheories or practices. (p.7f.)
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“An action-oriented approach”
Excerpt from the CEFR Index
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Qualtiative Aspects of Spoken Language :Range, Accuracy, Fluency, Interaction, Coherence
External Context of Use
Sustained Monologue
Overall Oral Production
Addressing Audiences
Overall Written Production
Reports and Essays
Planning
Compensating
Monitoring and Repair
Listening as a Member of a Live Audience
Reading Correspondence
Examples of individual scales
Qualtiative Aspects of Spoken Language :Range, Accuracy, Fluency, Interaction, Coherence
External Context of Use
Sustained Monologue
Overall Oral Production
Addressing Audiences
Overall Written Production
Reports and Essays
Planning
Compensating
Monitoring and Repair
Listening as a Member of a Live Audience
Reading Correspondence
Examples of individual scales
INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE?
“HIERARCHY” OF COMPETENCES?
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1. Not important and not noticeable(I was in holiday last week.)
2. Noticeable but meaning clear(Last year I go to Spain in holiday.)
3. Misunderstanding possible but not inevitable(Thank you worry match. / I will do a Spanish course next year.)
4. Misunderstanding and checking question possible(I Istarted working for two weeks. / I broke school.)
5. Misunderstanding not noticed !
TYPES OF MISTAKES
“Culture hides more than what itreveals, and strangely enough,
what it hides, it hides mosteffectively from its own
participants.”Edward T. Hall
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INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE AND THE CEFR
WHAT’S THE CONNECTION?
1. Culture is a verb
2. Filling the gapsa) language and culture: what’s the connection?
b) personality and intercultural competence?c) levels of intercultural competence?d) intercultural theory & other cognitive factors?e) which English?
3. Testing Intercultural Competence
4. Teaching Intercultural Competence
5.1.2.2 Intercultural skills and know-how
These include:
• the ability to bring the culture of originand the foreign culture into relation witheach other;
• cultural sensitivity and the ability toidentify and use a variety of strategiesfor contact with those from other cultures;
• the capacity to fulfil the role of cultural intermediarybetween one’s own culture and the foreign culture andto deal effectively with intercultural misunderstandingand conflict situations;
• the ability to overcome stereotyped relationships.
(CEF p. 104f.)
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Has a sufficient range of language to be able to give clear descriptions, express viewpoints anddevelop arguments without much conspicuous searching for words, using some complexsentence forms to do so. [General linguistic range]
Has enough language to get by, with sufficient vocabulary to expresshim/herself with some hesitation and circumlocutions on topics such asfamily, hobbies and interests, work, travel, and current events, butlexical limitations cause repetition and even difficulty with formulation attimes. [General linguistic range]
Linguisticappropriateness
Shows awareness of the relevance of non-verbal communication and uses para-verbal signals(e.g. gestures, facial expression, posture, proxemics) appropriately in most cases. [Generallinguistic range]
Shows some awareness of the relevance of non-verbal communicationand uses para-verbal signals (e.g. gestures, facial expression, posture,proxemics) appropriately in some cases. [General linguistic range]
Can express him or herself confidently, clearly and politely in a formal or informal register,appropriate to the situation and person(s) concerned. [Sociolinguistic appropriateness]
Can adapt his expression to deal with less routine, even difficultsituations. [Flexibility]Is aware of salient politeness conventions and acts appropriately.[Sociolinguistic appropriateness]
Polite language
LANGUAGE
Shows awareness of and experience with potentially culture-bound differences in behaviourand communication styles.
Shows general awareness of potentially culture-bound differences inbehaviour and communication styles.
Knowledge of 1 or moreaspects of IC theory
Can sustain relationships with native speakers without unintentionally amusing or irritating themor requiring them to behave other than they would with a native speaker. [Conversation]
Can perform and respond to a wide range of language functions, usingtheir most common exponents in a neutral register. [Sociolinguisticappropriateness]
Neutral attitude
CONTENT
Can give feedback on and follow up statements and inferences and so help the developmentsof the discussion. [Cooperating]Can correct slips and errors if he/she becomes conscious of them or if the have led tomisunderstandings. Can make a note of “favourite mistakes” and consciously monitor speechfor it / them. [Monitoring & Repair]Can ask follow up questions to check that he/she has understood what a speaker intended tosay, and get clarification of ambiguous points. [Asking for clarification] -USE OF METALANGUAGE
Can repeat back part of what someone has said to confirm mutualunderstanding and help keep the development of ideas on course.[Cooperating]Can correct mix-ups with tenses or expressions which lead tomisunderstandings provided the interlocutor indicates there is aproblem. [Monitoring & Repair]Can ask someone to clarify or elaborate what they have just said.[Asking for clarification] - USE OF METALANGUAGE
Use of communicativestrategies
Can adjust what he/she says and the means of expressing it to the situations and the recipientand adopt a level of formality appropriate to the circumstances. [Flexibility]Can express him or herself appropriately in situations and avoid crass errors of formulation[Sociolinguistic appropriateness]
Is aware of, and looks out for signs of, the most significant differencesbetween the customs, usages, attitudes, values and beliefs prevalent inthe community concerned and those of his or her own. [Sociolinguisticappropriateness]Can maintain a conversation or discussion but may sometimes bedifficult to follow when trying to say exactly what he/she would like to.[Conversation]
Can engage in extended conversation on most general topics in a clearly participatoryfashion, even in a noisy environment. [Conversation]
Can enter unprepared into conversations with familiar topics.[Conversation]
Establishing andmaintaining contact
INTERACTION
ICE Level 2(CEFR B2)
ICE Level 1(CEFR B1)
CRITERIA
ICC — RELEVANT DESCRIPTORS FOR ORAL PERFORMANCE
Has a sufficient range of language to be able to give clear descriptions, express viewpoints anddevelop arguments without much conspicuous searching for words, using some complexsentence forms to do so. [General linguistic range]
Has enough language to get by, with sufficient vocabulary to expresshim/herself with some hesitation and circumlocutions on topics such asfamily, hobbies and interests, work, travel, and current events, butlexical limitations cause repetition and even difficulty with formulation attimes. [General linguistic range]
Linguisticappropriateness
Shows awareness of the relevance of non-verbal communication and uses para-verbal signals(e.g. gestures, facial expression, posture, proxemics) appropriately in most cases. [Generallinguistic range]
Shows some awareness of the relevance of non-verbal communicationand uses para-verbal signals (e.g. gestures, facial expression, posture,proxemics) appropriately in some cases. [General linguistic range]
Can express him or herself confidently, clearly and politely in a formal or informal register,appropriate to the situation and person(s) concerned. [Sociolinguistic appropriateness]
Can adapt his expression to deal with less routine, even difficultsituations. [Flexibility]Is aware of salient politeness conventions and acts appropriately.[Sociolinguistic appropriateness]
Polite language
LANGUAGE
Shows awareness of and experience with potentially culture-bound differences in behaviourand communication styles.
Shows general awareness of potentially culture-bound differences inbehaviour and communication styles.
Knowledge of 1 or moreaspects of IC theory
Can sustain relationships with native speakers without unintentionally amusing or irritating themor requiring them to behave other than they would with a native speaker. [Conversation]
Can perform and respond to a wide range of language functions, usingtheir most common exponents in a neutral register. [Sociolinguisticappropriateness]
Neutral attitude
CONTENT
Can give feedback on and follow up statements and inferences and so help the developmentsof the discussion. [Cooperating]Can correct slips and errors if he/she becomes conscious of them or if the have led tomisunderstandings. Can make a note of “favourite mistakes” and consciously monitor speechfor it / them. [Monitoring & Repair]Can ask follow up questions to check that he/she has understood what a speaker intended tosay, and get clarification of ambiguous points. [Asking for clarification] -USE OF METALANGUAGE
Can repeat back part of what someone has said to confirm mutualunderstanding and help keep the development of ideas on course.[Cooperating]Can correct mix-ups with tenses or expressions which lead tomisunderstandings provided the interlocutor indicates there is aproblem. [Monitoring & Repair]Can ask someone to clarify or elaborate what they have just said.[Asking for clarification] - USE OF METALANGUAGE
Use of communicativestrategies
Can adjust what he/she says and the means of expressing it to the situations and the recipientand adopt a level of formality appropriate to the circumstances. [Flexibility]Can express him or herself appropriately in situations and avoid crass errors of formulation[Sociolinguistic appropriateness]
Is aware of, and looks out for signs of, the most significant differencesbetween the customs, usages, attitudes, values and beliefs prevalent inthe community concerned and those of his or her own. [Sociolinguisticappropriateness]Can maintain a conversation or discussion but may sometimes bedifficult to follow when trying to say exactly what he/she would like to.[Conversation]
Can engage in extended conversation on most general topics in a clearly participatoryfashion, even in a noisy environment. [Conversation]
Can enter unprepared into conversations with familiar topics.[Conversation]
Establishing andmaintaining contact
INTERACTION
ICE Level 2(CEFR B2)
ICE Level 1(CEFR B1)
CRITERIA
ICC — RELEVANT DESCRIPTORS FOR ORAL PERFORMANCE
SOCIOLINGUISTIC APPROPRIATENESSC2: Appreciates fully the sociolinguistic and sociocultural
implications of language used by native speakers and can
react accordingly . …
C1: Can recognise a wide range of idiomatic expressions and
colloquialisms, appreciating register shifts …
B2: Can sustain relationships with nativespeakers without unintentionally amusing orirritating them or requiring them to behave otherthan they would with a native speaker…
INTERACTIONB2: Can interact with a degree of fluencyand spontaneity that makes regularinteraction, and sustained relationshipswith native speakers quite possible
without imposing strain on either party …
INTERACTIONB2: Can interact with a degree of fluencyand spontaneity that makes regularinteraction, and sustained relationshipswith native speakers quite possible
without imposing strain on either party …
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Intercultural Competence (ICC):
Linguistic &communicative
competence
ICC
Featuresof personality
(openness, tolerance …)
Interculturalknowledge
CONTEXT
Intercultural competence &
Personality ?
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The SIETAR-List: 49 Tests of Intercultural Competence
• Behavioral Assessment Scale for InterculturalCommunication (BASIC)
• Counseling Inventory: A self-report measure ofmulticultural competencies
• Cross-Cultural Adaptability Inventory (CCAI)• The Cross-Cultural Assessor• Cross-Cultural Counseling Inventory• Cross-Cultural Sensitivity Scale (CCSS)• Cultural Competence Self-Assessment Questionnaire
(CCSAQ)• The Cultural Orientations Indicator® (COI®)• The Culture in the Workplace Questionnaire™• Expatriate Profile (EP)• Foreign Assignment Success Test (FAST)• GAP Test: Global Awareness Profile• Global Interface• The Global Team Process Questionnaire™ (GTPQ)• Hogan Assessment System• Insights Discovery System• The Intercultural Competence Assessment (INCA)• Intercultural Competency Scale• The Intercultural CONFLICT Style Inventory• Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI)• Intercultural Orientation Resources (IOR)
• Intercultural Readiness Check Intercultural SensitivityInventory (ICSI)
• Intercultural Sensitivity Survey• International Assignment Profile• ITIM: Culture and Management Consultants• Living and Working Overseas Predeparture
Questionnaire• Multicultural Counseling Awareness Scale (MCAS)• Multicultural Counseling Inventory (MCI)• Counseling Inventory (MCI)• Personal Orientation Inventory (POI)• PCAT: Peterson Cultural Awareness Test• PCSI: Peterson Cultural Style Indicator• Prospector• Prudential Intercultural• Selection Research Int’l (SRI)• Team Management Systems• TCO International• Test of Intercultural Sensitivity (TICS)• International Candidate Evaluation (ICE)• The OAI (Overseas Assignment Inventory• The ICE (International Candidate Evaluation)• The IMA (International Mobility Assessment)• The EED (Evaluation of Expatriate Development)• SEED (Supervisory Evaluation of Expatriate
Development)
SIETAR - The Society for Intercultural Education, Training and Researchhttp://www.sietar-europa.org/SIETARproject/Assessments&instruments.html#Topic2626.06.2009
Criteria of intercultural competence ?
• Denial, Defense, Minimization, Acceptance, Adaptation, Integration
• Tolerance of Ambiguity
• Openness
• Behavioural Flexibility
• Stress-Resistance
• Emotional Intelligence, Intelligence
• Emotional Resilience, Emotional stability
• Inner-referenced vs. outer-referenced
• Flexibility and Openness
• Perceptual Acuity
• Personal Autonomy
• Focus on Goals
• Inner Purpose
• Reflected Awareness
• Benevolence• …
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Criteria of intercultural competence ?
• Denial, Defense, Minimization, Acceptance, Adaptation, Integration
• Tolerance of Ambiguity
• Openness
• Behavioural Flexibility
• Stress-Resistance
• Emotional Intelligence, Intelligence
• Emotional Resilience, Emotional stability
• Inner-referenced vs. outer-referenced
• Flexibility and Openness
• Perceptual Acuity
• Personal Autonomy
• Focus on Goals
• Inner Purpose
• Reflected Awareness
• Benevolence• …
CONSTRUCT VALIDITY ?
Assessment of interculturalsensitivity:
e.g. IDI – Intercultural Development Inventory(Hammer / Bennett)
Assessment as a process of asking aperson’s attitudes and opinions in order toreach conclusions about what his / her
personal (psychological) dispositions are.
What a test of interculturalcompetence should test
Assessment of interculturalcommunicative performance
e.g. in English:
e.g. Language Competence Tests UCLES, TELC, etc..
Assessment as a process of observing aperson‘s performance in order to reachconclusions about what he / she knows orcan do.
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Manualfor Relating Language Examinations to the Common EuropeanFramework of Reference for Languages
Pilot Version Nov. 2003 / Final Version 2009
It can be assumed that proof of quality assurance will become necessary forall foreign language examinations in the future if these claim to be related tothe Common European Framework of Reference and the competence levelsand wish to continue to exist and be recognised in a European context.
The Manual describes 4 main steps in quality assurance
1. Familiarising all concerned with the instruments of the CEFR
2. Specification of competences and quality assurance procedure
3. Standardisation of test procedure
4. Empirical Validation of test items
Intercultural competence &
Intercultural Theory ?
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• Are dimensions / features / descriptors of culture types arbitrary?
• How do they relate to each other?
elc – European Language Competence, Beethovenplatz 1-3, 60325 Frankfurt am Main & Bahnhofstraße 28, 66111 Saarbrücken
COUNTRY SPECIFICS !
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WHICH ENGLISHin intercultural communication?
International English ?
WHICH ENGLISHin intercultural communication?
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David Graddol. English Next 2006. p. 29
ENGLISH USED IN TOURISM:
2004
International English
A multitude of language variations spoken and writtenglobally in international / intercultural encounters.
Although based on received Anglo-Saxon standard variationsthey develop dynamically and defy standardisation.
Criteria for effective International English are
a. COMPREHENSIBILITY in writing and speaking
b. APPROPRIATENESS of register
c. POLITENESS in the context of relationship building
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INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE AND THE CEFRWHAT’S THE CONNECTION?
1. Culture is a verb
2. Filling the gaps
3. Testing Intercultural Competence
4. Teaching intercultural competence
Intercultural Competence (ICC):
Linguistic &communicative
competence
ICC
Featuresof personality
(openness, tolerance …)
Interculturalknowledge
CONTEXT
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Criteria for intercultural communicative competence
1. Knowledge about the processes and institutions of socialisation inone‘s own and in one‘s interlocutor‘s country.
2. Knowledge of the types of cause and process of misunderstandingbetween interlocutors of different cultural origin.
3. Ability to engage with otherness in a relationship of equality (incl. ability
to question the values and presuppositions in cultural practices and products in one’s ownenvironment).
4. Ability to engage with politeness conventions and rites of verbaland non-verbal communication and interaction.
5. Ability to use salient conventions of oral communication and toidentify register shifts.
6. Ability to use salient conventions of written communication and toidentify register shifts.
7. Ability to elicit from an interlocutor the concepts and values ofdocuments or events (i.e. meta-communication).
8. Ability to mediate between conflicting interpretations ofphenomena.
cf. Council of Europe, Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. 2001. Michael Byram,Teaching and Assessing Intercultural Communciative Competence. 1997. Jürgen Beneke, Interculturalcompetence. In: Bliesener, Ulrich (ed.), Training the Trainers. Theory and Practice of Foreign Language TeacherEducation. 2000. a.o.
Test of Intercultural Competence in English—ICE
WRITTEN PARTS (Levels 1 & 2)
60 min
1Writing610 min
30Country Specifics510 min
10Proof Reading410 min
10Structured Responses310 min
10Listening Comprehension210 min. cf.ICE Handbook
www.elc-consult.com
10Critical Incidents110 min.
Rating criteriaNo of itemsItem-TypePartTime
ORAL PARTS (Levels 1 & 2)
15(+10) Min
Ability to discuss critical incidents, to give realisticexplanations and pragmatic suggestions
Discussion of critical incidentor text
35 Min.
Ability to discuss aspects affecting culture-boundbehaviour and intercultural communication and toreflect on one’s own culture and experience
Discussion of input (text,picture, diagram etc.)
25 Min. CommunicationIntercultural competenceLanguage
Ability to discuss personal experience in interculturalencounters neutrally and adequately and tomaintain interaction
Dialogue on personalbackground andinternational / interculturalexperience
15 Min.
Rating criteriaWhat is tested?Task-typePartTime
10 Min. preparation time
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Oral performance: Rating criteria
< 40TOTAL
6/4/0Linguistic appropriateness3. Language
8/4/0Evidence of knowledge of interculturaltheory
8/4/0Expression of non-judgemental attitude*2. Interculturalcompetence
6/4/2/0Use of polite discourse conventions
6/4/2/0Involving other interlocutors
6/4/2/0Contributing to interaction1. Communication
PointsCriteria
* 0 points = FAIL
Oral performance:
PART 1 Oral Test
In intercultural communication it is important to initiate and maintain contact and buildrapport.
Start a conversation with your partner. Talk about the following:
Your experiences with other cultures, both in your own country and when travelling.
What was unusual for you.
What you found difficult about intercultural communication.
What was easy when communicating with people from different cultures.
In what way these experiences may have influenced your feelings about othercultures.
LEVEL 1
10 minutes preparation time
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Amaar Konstantin
IHK-Zertifikatstest / WIFI Zertifikatstest Intercultural Competence in English
Written test:
60 Min
Writing610 Min
Country Specifics510 Min
Proof Reading410 Min
Structured Responses310 Min
Listening Comprehension210 Min.
Critical Incidents110 Min.
PartTime
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1.A foreign partner asks you how much you earn. You don’t want toanswer the question so you say
a) “Enough to live on. What about you?”
b) “Enough for me and my family” and try and talk about anothertopic.
c) “It’s none of your business!” because he should know it’s a personalquestion.
LEVEL 1
Part 1 Critical Incidents
LEVEL 1
Part 2 Listening Comprehension
c
b
a
You offer to drive a visitor to your company to the airport.The visitor says:
“______________________________”
The speaker means
a) I would prefer a taxi.b) I accept your offer.c) I think getting a taxi is too difficult.
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LEVEL 1
Part 3 Structured Responses
1.You get a phone call but you can’t understand the caller very well. What can you
say?
a) I’m afraid I can’t understand you. The line is not very good.b) What are you saying, please? Can you repeat it?c) You’re not speaking loudly enough. I can’t understand you.
2.You are having dinner at a colleague’s home. The food is very nice but you can’t
eat any more. What can you say?
a) I am full and I can’t eat any more now.b) I’m afraid I can’t manage any more. It was very good.c) The food is good but it is too much for me.
Choose one of the answers — a, b or c — for each question.Only one answer is correct.
Unless stated otherwise, in all the situations below, you do not know theperson you are speaking to very well.
LEVEL 2
Part 4
22.a As requested on the phone yesterday, b I want you to give me someinformation in writing. c My move back to Germany has to be organisedquite soon if possible. d I hope you can help me with this. e The prices wetalked about yesterday are acceptable for my company. f Pleasecontact me with any questions you may have.
In each text there are one to three parts which may seem impolite.Mark the parts which may seem impolite in each text.
You are moving from England back to Germany and have talked on the phone to aremovals company. You write an email to confirm the phone call.
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LEVEL 1
Part 5 Country Specifics
c
b
a
You may choose any 30 questions. If you do not want to answer aquestion, click on the button NEXT. The number of questions which you
have answered correctly is displayed in the bottom right-hand corner.
Read the questions below. Mark one of the letters.
1. Belgium’s official languages area) Walloon and Flemish.b) French, Dutch and Luxembourgish.c) French, Flemish and German.
2. Belgium’s population is approximatelya) 35 million.b) 25 million.c) 10 million.
3. In business contexts conservative suits with shirts and tiesa) are worn only on formal occasions.b) are a must.c) are less appreciated than casual clothes.
c
b
a
c
b
a
LEVEL 1
Part 6 Written Production
You receive the following email from a business associate you have met once or twice.
Dear …This is just to let you know that I will be in your area next week and wonder if I cantake you out for lunch. It would be nice to see you again.Let me know.With best wishesCarol
Reply to the email.You have no time next week so refuse the invitation.
Do not write more than 60 words.
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Writing:Rating criteria:
0The message is expressed in such a way as to cause offence, irritation or confusion.orThere are so many mistakes that not even the main message can be understood.orNothing has been written.
4The email may cause offence, irritation, confusion or misunderstanding as parts aremissing and/or inappropriate.
6The email would not cause any offence, irritation or misunderstanding, but one mainpart of the message is missing or inappropriate.orThe language is below the level concerned (B1 or B2).orThere are several language mistakes, none of which affect understanding of the mainmessage.
10The email is appropriate in all respects, i.e. it would not cause any offence, irritation,confusion or misunderstanding.andThe language is appropriate for the level concerned (B1 or B2).andThere are no or very few mistakes and none which affect understanding.
PointsCriteria
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INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE AND THE CEFRWHAT’S THE CONNECTION?
1. Culture is a verb
2. Filling the gaps
3. Testing intercultural competence
4. Teaching Intercultural Competence
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Teaching Intercultural Competence in English
Section 6: Critical incidents
Section 5: Meta-communication
Section 4: Communicative competencies
Section 3: Country specifics
Section 2: My own cultural programming
Section 1: Intercultural theory
TEACHING IC THEORY
• NO LECTURES
• FOCUS ON USE OF LANGUAGE Discourse strategies, politeness conventions …
• PRACTICAL COMMUNICATION EXERCISES
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TEACHING IC THEORY
TEACHING ONE’S OWN CULTURAL PROGRAMMING
• WHAT IS NORMAL FOR YOU? e.g. concepts of time, hierarchy, discipline etc
• FOCUS ON USE OF LANGUAGE rather than on philosophical questions …
• PRACTICAL COMMUNICATION EXERCISESusing politeness conventions acceptable in most intercultural contexts
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TEACHING ONE‘S OWN CULTURAL PROGRAMMING
TEACHING COUNTRY SPECIFICS
• TRAINEE‘S CHOICE OF TARGET CULTURE
• FOCUS ON INTERCULTURALLY SIGNIFICANT FACTS
• TRAINING OF PRESENTATION TECHNIQUES
• PRACTICAL PRESENTATION EXERCISES
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TEACHING COUNTRY SPECIFICS
34.Saudi Arabia is the world’s largest exporter ofa. mineral coal.b. pure gold.c. crude oil.
35.Makkah and Medina area. trade places in Saudi Arabia.b. historic battle sites.c. Islam’s holiest cities.
…
26.Modern India has been an independent
nation sincea. 1965.b. 1989.c. 1947.
28.India’s currency is calleda. Baht.b. Rial.c. Rupee.
TEACHING COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE
• LINKED TO SECTIONS 1 to 3 as the expression of politeness and strategies of building
rapport vary from culture to culture
• FOCUS ON POLITE USE OF LANGUAGE: repairing, compensating, cooperating …
• FOCUS ON COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS: politeness conventions, building rapport …
• PRACTICAL COMMUNICATION EXERCISES: face-to-face, telephone, email …
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TEACHING COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE
TEACHING METALANGUAGE
• IDENTIFYING THE SITUATION
• MOVING LEVELS to negotiating communication itself
• FOCUS ON USE OF LANGUAGE: negotiation techniques, politeness conventions …
• FOCUS ON COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS: face-saving strategies …
• PRACTICAL COMMUNICATION EXERCISES: role plays, simulations, scenarios …
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TEACHING METALANGUAGE
TEACHING CRITICAL INCIDENTS
• COMBINING THE SKILLS TRAINED IN SECTIONS 1 TO 5
• FOCUS ON COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS: politeness conventions, building rapport …
• PRACTICAL COMMUNICATION EXERCISES: role plays, simulations, scenarios …
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TEACHING CRITICAL INCIDENTS
elc – European Language Competence
Beethovenplatz 1-3D – 60325 Frankfurt am Main
Bahnhofstrasse 28D – 66111 Saarbrücken
Tel. + 49 (0)69 – 53 05 59 67Fax.+ 49 (0)69 – 53 05 65 [email protected]
THANK YOU