interim slides part 3

8/14/2019 Interim Slides Part 3

1/21

Part 3

Earth Science


2/21

2

Cross Section of the Earth

Earth is a Spherical Planet with a Diameter of Morethan 12,000 Kilometers (8,000 Miles)

The crust is solid, while themantle is plastic. Becausethe mantleis plastic andvery hot, it can bend, flow,and move.

The Earths crust is solidbut is broken into a numberof large tectonic platesplus a number of smallerones.

The tectonic plates arelocated right on top of themantle.

Because the mantle canbend, flow, and move, the

tectonic plates can alsobend and move.

T h e E a rth is com p o sed o f five.la ye rs


3/21

3

History of DiscoveryThe Mid-Atlantic Ridge

In 1947 scientists discoveredthe Mid-Atlantic Ridge,an underwater mountainrange stretching alongthe Atlantic Ocean,between North and South

America, Europe andAfrica.

Geologists discovered theocean floor wascomposed of basalt, anigneous rock. Igneous

Rock is produced throughvolcanic processes.

Some igneous rock containsmagnetite. This mineralis affected by the Earthsmagnetic field. When it

cools and hardens,magnetite crystals are


4/21

4

The Theory Of Plate Tectonics: Boundaries

Plates can move:

1. TOWARDSeachother. This is aCONVERGENTBOUNDARY.

2.3. AWAYfrom each

other. This is aDIVERGENTBOUNDARY.

4.

5. ACROSS orAGAINSTeachother. This is aTRANSFORM-FAULTBOUNDARY.

1.

2)

3)

lick h e re to se e a n a n im a tio n o f th e th re e ty p e s o f p la te b o u n d aClick on the picture above to view an animation ofPangaea .to present day
http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0804/es0804page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualizationhttp://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0804/es0804page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualizationhttp://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0804/es0804page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualizationhttp://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0804/es0804page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualizationhttp://www.odsn.de/odsn/services/paleomap/animation.htmlhttp://www.odsn.de/odsn/services/paleomap/animation.htmlhttp://www.odsn.de/odsn/services/paleomap/animation.htmlhttp://www.odsn.de/odsn/services/paleomap/animation.htmlhttp://www.odsn.de/odsn/services/paleomap/animation.htmlhttp://www.odsn.de/odsn/services/paleomap/animation.htmlhttp://www.odsn.de/odsn/services/paleomap/animation.htmlhttp://www.odsn.de/odsn/services/paleomap/animation.htmlhttp://www.odsn.de/odsn/services/paleomap/animation.htmlhttp://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0804/es0804page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization


5/21

5

Seafloor SpreadingDivergent Boundary

T h e -id A tla n tic R id g e is a(iv erg e n t b o u n d a ry tw ola te s m o v in g a p a rt fro m)a ch o th e r running in

-n o rth so u th o rie n ta tio n fo ra lm o st th e e n tire le n g th o f

.th e A tla n tic O ce a n


6/21

6

ContinentalDivergent Plate Boundaries

U se w hat you kno wa b o u t ive rg e n tlate b o u n d ariesto

in te rp re t th e im a g eb e lo w o f th e G re a t R ift

V a lle y which runsth ro u g h th e M id d le

,E a st th e R e d S e a a n dE a st A frica .


7/21

7

Convergent Plate BoundariesSubduction Zones

Places where twotectonic plates aremoving towards eachother are convergentboundaries.

There are three types ofconvergent boundaries.

oceanic oceanic

oceanic continental

continental-continental

Above is an example of an oceanic continental convergent plate.boundary The ocean floor moves underneaththe continentalcrust . This is called a ubduction zone . The cean crust is

,forced down and subjected to very high pressure and,temperature turning it back into olten rock .


8/21

8

Convergent BoundariesSubduction Zones Create Volcanoes

The Cascade MountainRange is along chain f volcanoes produced

by a subduction zone off the coast. .of the Pacific Northwest Mount St

Helen is one of a long chain ofvolcanoesproduced by asubduction zone off the coast of.the Pacific Northwest


9/21

9

Question Review

Describe convergent boundaries and the featuresassociated with it.

Answer: There are three types ofconvergent

boundaries: oceanic-oceanic; oceanic-continental; and continental-continental. Inoceanic-continental convergent boundaries the

oceanic plate is subducted under the continentalplate. Volcanic activity and mountain upliftingoccurs at convergent boundaries.


10/21

10

The Pacific Ring Of Fire

Subduction Zones surround most of the PacificOcean and form an almost continuous line ofvolcanic activity.

The Ring of Fire is formed by the subduction of the Pacific,plate the Juan De Fuca plate and the Nazca underneath the

,continental plates of North America South America and Filipino

.Plate and Australian Plate


11/21

11

Transform-Fault BoundariesEarthquakes

- .ransform Fault Boundaries move laterally When pressure, .uilds and releases we experience an Earthquake One of the-ost active Transform Fault boundary is the San Andreas Fault.n California

lick on link below to view a QuickTimeideo on :Earthquakes Los Angeles:// . . / / / / / / / .http www teachersdomain org resources ess05 sci ess Earthsys thrustfault index html
http://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/ess05/sci/ess/earthsys/thrustfault/index.htmlhttp://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/ess05/sci/ess/earthsys/thrustfault/index.htmlhttp://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/ess05/sci/ess/earthsys/thrustfault/index.htmlhttp://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/ess05/sci/ess/earthsys/thrustfault/index.htmlhttp://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/ess05/sci/ess/earthsys/thrustfault/index.htmlhttp://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/ess05/sci/ess/earthsys/thrustfault/index.html


12/21

12

Making Connections

Transform Fault Boundaries

ransform faultboundariesdiffer fromivergent andonvergent boundariesbecause crustis only

.deformed or fractured Crust(is not created ivergentboundary) nor destroyed

( onvergent boundary).

Triple Venn Diagram
http://www.readingquest.org/strat/venn.htmlhttp://www.readingquest.org/strat/venn.htmlhttp://www.readingquest.org/strat/venn.html


13/21

13

Plate Movement and Hot Spots

Most volcanoes form alongplate boundaries.However, somevolcanoes form in themiddle of a plate which

is then called a hotspot.

An example of a hot spotare the Hawaiian Islands.

As the oceanic plate moves

over a hot spot,magma pushes throughthe lithosphere formingvolcanic mountains.

The graphic above shows theformation of new islands as

the plates continue to move .over the hot spot

on the link below to view a QuickTime Video onTectonics: The Hawaiian Archipelago:// . . / / / / / / / .http www teachersdomain org resources ess05 sci ess Earthsys hawaii index html
http://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/ess05/sci/ess/earthsys/hawaii/index.htmlhttp://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/ess05/sci/ess/earthsys/hawaii/index.htmlhttp://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/ess05/sci/ess/earthsys/hawaii/index.htmlhttp://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/ess05/sci/ess/earthsys/hawaii/index.htmlhttp://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/ess05/sci/ess/earthsys/hawaii/index.htmlhttp://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/ess05/sci/ess/earthsys/hawaii/index.htmlhttp://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/ess05/sci/ess/earthsys/hawaii/index.htmlhttp://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/ess05/sci/ess/earthsys/hawaii/index.htmlhttp://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/ess05/sci/ess/earthsys/hawaii/index.htmlhttp://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/ess05/sci/ess/earthsys/hawaii/index.htmlhttp://www.teachersdomain.org/resources/ess05/sci/ess/earthsys/hawaii/index.html


14/21

14

Major Plate Boundaries and Their Movement

List the major plate boundaries and describe thedirection in which they are moving in relationship to.each other


15/21

15

Assessment of LearningFCAT

Multiple Choice Sample Questions

FCAT Science Sample Test Book 2007

.1 ,According to the Plate Tectonic Theory when oceanic,plates collide with continental plates the denser

oceanic plate is forced under the lighter continental.plate Which geologic feature is a result of this type of

collision?

.A hot spot

.B abyssal plain

. -C mid ocean ridge

.D composite volcano


16/21

16

Assessment of LearningFCAT

Answer and Distractors

The correct answer is D (composite volcano).

An understanding of the geologic features associated with platetectonics is needed

to answer this question. When an oceanic plate is subducted under acontinental

plate, composite volcanoes may form as the descending slab of oceancrust is

heated and the molten rock rises to the surface as magma.

Distractor Rationale

A. Hot spots are not the result of plate collision. Hot spots occur in areas

where plumes of hot material burst through the crustal plate. Theyare not associated with any particular plate boundary, and mayform anywhere, including the interior of plates.

B. Abyssal plains are not the result of plate collision. Abyssal plains areformed in the interior oftectonic plates, occurring betweencontinental rises and Mid-Ocean Ridge systems.

C. Mid-Ocean Ridges are not the result of plate collision. Mid-OceanRidges are formed at divergent boundaries rather than convergent


17/21

17

Assessment of LearningFCAT Multiple Choice Sample Questions

2. Uplift mountain building would most likely occur:

C.

D.

.A Along Convergent Plate Boundaries

.B Along Divergent Plate Boundaries.C Above hot spots

.D ,Near the center of Tectonic Plates away.from plate boundaries


18/21

18

Assessment of LearningFCAT Answer and Distractors

( ).The correct answer is A Convergent Boundaries

An understanding of the geologic features associated withlate tectonicsis.needed to answer this question When two plates move towards

each other both

.plates may be pushed upwards in a forceful thrusting movementDistractor Rationale

.B ivergent plate boundaries occur when plates move away.from each other Mountain s that are found here will most

.likely be formed through volcanic processes

. .C Hot spots are not the result of plate collision Hot spotsoccur in areas where plumes of hot material burst throughthe crust .al plate They are not associated with any

, ,particular plate boundary and may form anywhere including.the interior of plates

:D Uplift mountain building is most likely to occur near the

, .edge of the plate boundary not in the central region


19/21

19

FCAT Short-Response (SR) Sample ItemsRead, Inquire, and Explain

1. The Aleutian Island archipelago is formed just north of a longsubduction zoneof around the Pacific plate. Iceland islocated on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a divergentboundary. The Hawaiian Islands are volcanic islands, butare located in the central region of the Pacific Plate. Usethe Theory ofPlate tectonics to explain how these three

different archipelagos were formed.2.

3. The Burgess Shale, located high in the Canadian Rockies, ishome to one of the richest fossil beds on Earth. Althoughthis site is situated more than 3000 feet above sea leveland several hundred miles inland from the Pacific Ocean, all

the fossils come from marine organisms. Dating back fromsome 500 million years ago, the Burgess Shale fossils giveus a glimpse of ancient aquatic life. Use the Theory ofPlate tectonics to explain how fossils of ocean dwellingorganisms can now be found so far from the ocean.

4.


20/21

20

KEY CONCEPTS REVIEW

2. As a result of the driftingcontinents, what

landforms were created?

The drifting continents createmany landforms includingmountain ranges, rift valleys,undersea mountains, volcanoes,and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.


21/21

21

KEY CONCEPTS REVIEW

3.What causes earthquakes and volcanicactivity?

Earthquakes are caused by slow movements

inside the Earth that push against the Earth'sbrittle, relatively thin outer layer, causing therocks to break suddenly. This outer layer isfragmented into a number of pieces, calledtectonic plates. Most Earthquakes occur at the

boundaries of these plates. A volcano is amountain topped with vents, holes, and craters.It occurs along the Earths tectonic plateswhere molten rock is forced upward frommagma reservoirs deep in the Earth.

interim slides part 3

Documents