internal forces shaping the earth. tectonic plates magma is like a conveyer belt (see right): heated...
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Internal Forces Shaping the Earth
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Tectonic PlatesMagma is like a
conveyer belt (see right):
Heated magma moves up towards the crust, cools and goes downward.
Riding above this system are tectonic plates.
They are large moving pieces that form the earth’s crust.
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FaultsWhen two plates meet,
folding/cracking of the rock can happen.
Sometimes rock is not flexible and will crack under the pressure of plate movement.
This fracture in the earth’s crust is called a fault.
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EarthquakesWhat is an earthquake?A violent movement of transitioning plates.
Seismograph: Device used to measure an earthquake.
Focus: Below Ground – Where it Starts
Epicenter: Above Ground – Where we feel it.
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Earthquake DamageHaiti – January 2010
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Types of Earthquake DamageLandslidesDisplacement of landFires (broken gas
lines)Collapsed buildingsTsunamis (see
right):Can travel from
epicenter at 450 mph.
Can produce waves of 50 to 100 feet – or higher.
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VolcanoesMagma, gases and water
from the crust or mantle collect underground.
They eventually pour out of a crack in the earth’s surface.
Magma that reaches the earth’s surface is called lava.
To the right:Mt. St. Helen’s – May 1980
Washington
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The Ring of Fire