Models of Internal Morphology

Concentric Zone Model• Developed by E Burgess in 1920s and

1930s• Development of a city takes place

outwards from the centre to form a series of concentric land use zones

• Each inner zone extends its area by invading in to the next

• Based on decreasing land values• Theory is broad yet did acknowledge

variations in topography and demographics

• Positives: useful, easy way to develop city

• Negatives: assumes isotopic plan, may restrict growth

Sector Model• Devised by Hoyt• Contrasts of land use exist in the

concentric model• Distinctive sectors or wedges of

land use were likely to grow out of the centre eg. Industrial along transport links

• Theory emphasises the role of transport

• Positives: recognises transportation routes, broad organisation

• Negatives: may restrict growth around certain wedges

Multiple Nuclei Model• Put forward by Harris and Ullman• Combines certain aspects of previous

theories however claims there is a trend for the decline

• CBD maintains its dominance as a centre

• Development of major and minor commercial districts

• Satellite development• Expansion of suburb and commuter

zones• Positives: each section has room to

grow• Negatives: needs flat land, even

distribution, even transportation costs