A REVIEW ON INTERNALLY HEAT-

INTIGRATED DISTILLATION

COLUMN (HIDiC)

Presented by:

MOHD SHAHBAZ

ROLL NO 14042019

IIT BHU1

Contents

1. Introduction

2. General principles of HIDiC

3. Thermodynamic analysis

4. Design and construction options

5. Conclusions

6. References

2

Introduction

• The energy requirement of most refining and chemical processes isconsumed by distillation columns .Despite its wide use, distillation isknown for its low thermodynamic efficiency, with the overallthermodynamic efficiency of a conventional distillation process in therange 5–20%. (J.L. Humphry et all, US dept. of Energy, Washington DC (1991))

• This fact has prompted several studies that have resulted in new designconfigurations, such as direct vapor recompression (VRC), diabaticdistillation and the internally heat-integrated distillation column (HIDiC).

• HIDiC maximizes the energy efficiency of heat pump design by making useof internal heat intigration. (O.S.L. Bruinsma et all, chem. Eng. Res. Des 90 (2012) 458-

470)

3

Continue …..

• Instead of using a single point heat source (reboiler) and sink (condenser), the whole rectifying section of a distillation column becomes the heat source, while the stripping part of the distillation column acts as a heat sink . (K.Matsuda et all , J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. (2012))

• The work input is provided by a compressor that receives vapor leaving the stripping section, while the heat pump cycle is closed by a throttling valve placed in the line transporting the liquid leaving the bottom of the rectification section to the top of the stripping section.

4

5

Vapor recompression system HIDiC configuration

142 A.A. Kiss, Z. Olujic / Chemical Engineering and Processing 86 (2014) 125–144

General Principles of HIDiC• HIDiCs combine the benefits of VRC and diabatic operations to drive down

energy requirements.

• The HIDiC acts by raising the rectifying section temperature and placing this section in direct contact with the stripping section.

• To incorporate the VRC concept, the overhead vapor from the stripping section is compressed and fed to the bottom of the rectifying section. The liquid from the rectifying section is pressure equalized by a throttling valve and fed back to the stripping section.

• The number of stages thermally coupled in HIDiC can change according to optimal feeding of the conventional distillation column.

• The ideal HIDiC design is realized when no reboiler and condenser duty are needed.

6

7142 A.A. Kiss, Z. Olujic / Chemical Engineering and Processing 86 (2014) 125–144

Adiabatic (conventional) and diadiabatic distillation column and Mc Cabe Thiele diagram

Thermodynamic Analysis

8

For a separation process the minimum amount of work required to make a complete separation is given by the following equation

Wmin (J/s or W) is the minimum work, F (kmol/s) is the feed flowrate, DH (kJ/mol) is the change in enthalpy, T (K) is the temperature and DS (kJ/mol K) is the change in entropy, R (kJ/mol K) is the universal gas constant and xi is the mole fraction of component

9

The maximum thermodynamic efficiency (Emax) is defined as the minimum work for separation (Wmin) divided by the minimum energy required for a separation process (Qmin).

For HIDiC max thermodynamic efficiency

G.E. Keller, J.L. Humphrey, Separation Process Technology, McGrawHill, New York, 1997.

Rijke A. de, Development of a concentric internally Heat Integrated Distillation Column (HIDiC) (Ph.D. thesis),

Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands, 2007.

Design and construction options

1. Inter-coupled distillation columns

2. Distillation column with partition wall

3. Concentric distillation column Concentric column without heat panels

Concentric column with heat panels

4. Shell and tube heat-exchanger column

5. Plate–fin heat-exchanger column

10

Inter coupled distillation column

11G.G. Haselden, Distillation processes and apparatus, US Patent No. 4025,398, 1977

• Different heat requirement for each stage

• Significant heat loss• additional equipment

cost• Performance heavily

based on heat transfer means

Partition wall distillation column

12J.D. Seader, Continuous distillation apparatus and method, US Patent No. 4234,391 A1, 1980.

• Column with two semi-cylindrical section

• Heat transfer realized by heat-pipes mounted through wall

• Allow heat transfer throw the wall by liq. On both side of down comer

• Reduce heat losses• Heat transfer coefficient

Increases• A special heat-pipe fluid

is needed

Concentric distillation column

13R. Govind, Distillation column and processes, US Patent No. 4615,770, 1986.

• Heat can not leak from rectifying section to environment

• Relatively low heat transfer area

Proposed configurations for a HIDiC (left). Placement of the heat transfer panels in

the rectifying or stripping section for a concentric column (right).

14

Overall energy requirement of HIDiCs compared with conventional distillation

column for various pressure differences between sections.

15Gustavo Hanrique Santos F. Ponce et all, Chem. Eng. Research & Design(2015)

Comparison

Merits & Demerits

• Higher energy efficiency

• Zero external reflux and boil-up

• Enhance potential of internal heat intigration technique

• Reduction in 𝐶𝑂2 emission

• Complicated to design

• Cost intensive

16

. Conclusions

• Both thermodynamics and bench-scale experimental

evaluations proved that HIDiC holds much higher energy

efficiency than conventional distillation columns for close-

boiling binary mixture separations.

• HIDiC has not yet been attempted in practice at the scale of an

industrial application.

• Employing HIDiC without heat panels was found to be

impractical as increasing the pressure increased the amount of

energy required.

• Problems incorporate with design such as flexibility of

operating condition change, effect of impurity may change

energy efficiency therefore trade-off between process design

economics and operating condition is important.

17

References

1. Anton A. Kiss, Zarko Olujic, A review on process intensification in internally heat-integrated distillation columns, Chemical Engineering and Processing 86 (2004) 125-144

2. Gustavo Henrique Santos F. Ponce, Moises Alves, Julio C.C. Miranda, Rubens Maciel Filho, Maria Regina Wolf Maciel , Using an internally heat-integrated distillation column for ethanol–water separation for fuel applications , chemical engineering research and design 95(2015) 55–63.

3. R. Govind, Distillation column and processes, US Patent No. 4615,770, 1986.

4. G.G. Haselden, Distillation processes and apparatus, US Patent No. 4025,398, 1977

5. J.D. Seader, Continuous distillation apparatus and method, US Patent No. 4234,391 A1, 1980.

6. H.H. Tung, J.F. Davis, R.S.H. Mah, Fractionating condensation and evaporation in plate–fin device, AlChE J. 32 (7) (1986) 1116–1124

7. G.E. Keller, J.L. Humphrey, Separation Process Technology, McGrawHill, New York, 1997.

8. Rijke A. de, Development of a concentric internally Heat Integrated Distillation Column (HIDiC) (Ph.D. thesis), Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands, 2007

9. H.R. Null, Heat pumps in distillation, Chem. Eng. Prog. 78 (1976) 58–64

10. P. Le Goff, T. Cachot, R. Rivero, Exergy analysis of distillation processes, Chem. Eng. Technol. 19 (1996)

18

19

Thank you